613 lines
82 KiB
XML
613 lines
82 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AD992E6C84E4CF69BCDD2A72E143B586">Wanted, tracked down and identified: Mesozoic non-biting midges of the subfamily Chironominae (Chironomidae, Diptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DC21F0CEA107F36F8F61E36D6419680D">Giłka, Wojciech</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="07578071CBDBCA089D0216922871BA58">Soszyńska-Maj, Agnieszka</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C319638AFFE63649920517CD1901FDB8" box="[884,1385,494,519]" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" type="nomenclature">
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TRIBE:
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<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE6364992B717CD1901FDB8" ID-CoL="87CY8" ID-ENA="72531" authority="SAETHER, 1977" authorityName="SAETHER" authorityYear="1977" box="[966,1385,494,519]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudochironomini">PSEUDOCHIRONOMINI SAETHER, 1977</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFE63649924A14341944FBEB" blockId="2.[827,1444,534,1875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="876">
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In adult
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<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE6364992DA14351832FD93" authorityName="NEWMAN" authorityYear="1834" box="[939,1114,534,556]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
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, the lack of the wing vein MCu is the synapomorphy for
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<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE6364995A3141619EFFDF4" authorityName="NEWMAN" authorityYear="1834" box="[1234,1415,565,587]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chironominae">Chironominae</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE63649924A14771F87FDD5" box="[827,1007,596,618]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="875" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orthocladiinae">Orthocladiinae</taxonomicName>
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, a clade comprising the two largest, most diverse and probably youngest chironomid subfamilies, considered sister to the remaining
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<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE63649924A14931FB7FD79" authorityName="NEWMAN" authorityYear="1834" box="[827,991,688,710]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
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combined (e.g. Saether, 2000;
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Cranston
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<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE63649924A14EC1F11FD5C" box="[827,889,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="876">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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). A character state common to all the
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<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE63649924A14CE1F9AFCBC" authorityName="NEWMAN" authorityYear="1834" box="[827,1010,749,771]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chironominae">Chironominae</taxonomicName>
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concerns the gonostylus that is backward-directed and connected rigidly with the gonocoxite in most
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<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE636499554150918B8FCFF" authorityName="NEWMAN" authorityYear="1834" box="[1061,1232,810,832]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chironominae">Chironominae</taxonomicName>
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, although able to flex slightly in a few taxa (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFE63649951F156A1935FCE1" author="Cranston PS & Dillon ME & Pinder LCV & Reiss F" box="[1134,1373,841,863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" pagination="353 - 502" refId="ref10452" refString="Cranston PS, Dillon ME, Pinder LCV, Reiss F. 1989. 10. The adult males of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - keys and diagnoses. Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement 34: 353 - 502." type="journal article" year="1989">
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Cranston
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<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE63649959115691971FCE1" box="[1248,1305,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="876">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1989
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFE63649941815691862FCC2" author="Tang H & Cranston PS" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" pagination="684 - 693" refId="ref12394" refString="Tang H, Cranston PS. 2019. A new tribe in the Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) validated by first immature stages of Xiaomyia Saether & Wang and a phylogenetic review. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 67: 684 - 693." type="journal article" year="2019">Tang & Cranston, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). Within four
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<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE6364995C0154B193FFCC1" authorityName="NEWMAN" authorityYear="1834" box="[1201,1367,872,894]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chironominae">Chironominae</taxonomicName>
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tribes (Chironomini,
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<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE6364992AF15A518D3FC23" authorityName="SAETHER" authorityYear="1977" box="[990,1211,902,924]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudochironomini">Pseudochironomini</taxonomicName>
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, Tanytarsini and the recently erected
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<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE63649928A15861815FC04" box="[1019,1149,933,955]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="887" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xiaomyiini">Xiaomyiini</taxonomicName>
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), the character state best separating the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE63649954215E7197FFC65" authorityName="SAETHER" authorityYear="1977" box="[1075,1303,964,986]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudochironomini">Pseudochironomini</taxonomicName>
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is the dark comb on the apex of the foreleg tibia, similar to that on mid- and hindlegs (a probable tribal synapomorphy) and the pars ventralis, the structure being, however, weakly developed or absent in most genera.
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</paragraph>
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Following reports on a distinct heteromorphy within the
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<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE636499216125F182EFB2D" authorityName="SAETHER" authorityYear="1977" box="[871,1094,1148,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudochironomini">Pseudochironomini</taxonomicName>
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, especially with respect to the adult genital morphology, as highlighted recently by
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Krosch
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<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE6364992E812991FBEFB71" box="[921,982,1209,1231]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="876">et al.</emphasis>
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(2020)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, the significance of diagnostic characters or character combinations of a tribe should be treated with the highest caution. The wing anal lobe usually well-developed (vs. anal lobe weak or absent in the
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, but also in some
|
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genera), the vein RM oblique (vs. RM parallel to M and R 4 +
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the
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or transverse to M and R +
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4
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in most other
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) and the foreleg ratio (LR 1 = ta 1 /ti) usually close to, or less than 1 (vs. higher than
|
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most
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<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE63649957313EE18DBFA5C" authorityName="NEWMAN" authorityYear="1834" box="[1026,1203,1485,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chironominae">Chironominae</taxonomicName>
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) are the character states in
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE6364992DF13CF18FDF9BD" authorityName="SAETHER" authorityYear="1977" box="[942,1173,1516,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudochironomini">Pseudochironomini</taxonomicName>
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that may support the tribe definition. However, these features, and the presence of the pars ventralis, rarely appear as a full set, hence their proper interpretation usually requires a reference to taxa of other
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<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE6364995F610451947F9C3" authorityName="NEWMAN" authorityYear="1834" box="[1159,1327,1638,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chironominae">Chironominae</taxonomicName>
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||
that may display character combinations or some character states similar to those listed above. Owing to the difficulty in establishing a clear diagnosis based on a set of synapomorphies for the tribe (in the current taxa composition), its monophyly is still being tested but not confirmed (
|
||
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Cranston
|
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<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE636499544113C1818F88C" box="[1077,1136,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="876">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2012
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFE6364995B4113C19E8F88B" author="Cranston PS" box="[1221,1408,1823,1844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" pagination="25 - 32" refId="ref10380" refString="Cranston PS. 2019 a. An enigmatic Chironomidae (Diptera): first larval description for Nandeva Wiedenbrug, Reiss and Fittkau and evidence for phylogenetic position in Tanytarsini. Chironomus, Journal of Chironomidae Research 32: 25 - 32." type="journal article" year="2019">Cranston 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFE63649924A111D182BF8ED" author="Tang H & Cranston PS" box="[827,1091,1853,1875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" pagination="684 - 693" refId="ref12394" refString="Tang H, Cranston PS. 2019. A new tribe in the Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) validated by first immature stages of Xiaomyia Saether & Wang and a phylogenetic review. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 67: 684 - 693." type="journal article" year="2019">Tang & Cranston, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFE636499521111E194AF8ED" author="Krosch MN & Herold N & Thornhill AH & Cranston PS" box="[1104,1314,1853,1875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="876" pagination="328 - 341" refId="ref11461" refString="Krosch MN, Herold N, Thornhill AH, Cranston PS. 2020. How ' Gondwanan' is Riethia? Molecular phylogenetics elucidates the mode and tempo of diversification in Austro- Pacific Chironominae (Diptera). Invertebrate Systematics 34: 328 - 341." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Krosch
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE6364995D6111D18B7F8ED" box="[1191,1247,1853,1875]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="876">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFE7364891D816E51E37FD93" blockId="3.[145,762,197,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="877">
|
||
To date, the following six extant genera are included in the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE73648905C16C71E73FF45" authorityName="SAETHER" authorityYear="1977" box="[301,539,228,250]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="877" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudochironomini">Pseudochironomini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFE73648935E16C71E99FF45" author="Andersen T" box="[559,753,228,250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="877" pagination="15 - 26" refId="ref10034" refString="Andersen T. 2016. Madachironomus, a new genus of tribe Pseudochironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae, Chironominae) from Madagascar. Chironomus, Journal of Chironomidae Research 29: 15 - 26." type="journal article" year="2016">Andersen, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFE7364891E017211D0FFEA7" author="Krosch MN & Herold N & Thornhill AH & Cranston PS" box="[145,359,258,280]" pageId="3" pageNumber="877" pagination="328 - 341" refId="ref11461" refString="Krosch MN, Herold N, Thornhill AH, Cranston PS. 2020. How ' Gondwanan' is Riethia? Molecular phylogenetics elucidates the mode and tempo of diversification in Austro- Pacific Chironominae (Diptera). Invertebrate Systematics 34: 328 - 341." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Krosch
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE73648919817201D4AFEA8" box="[233,290,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="877">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE73648900C17211EF5FEA7" authority="Roback, 1958" authorityName="Roback" authorityYear="1958" box="[381,669,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Aedokritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="877" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE73648900C17211D92FEA8" box="[381,506,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="877">Aedokritus</emphasis>
|
||
Roback, 1958
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE7364893D817201D56FE88" authority="Fittkau, 1963" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Manoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="877" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE7364893D817201E91FEA7" box="[681,761,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="877">Manoa</emphasis>
|
||
Fittkau, 1963
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE73648903F17021E4DFE89" box="[334,549,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="877">Madachironomus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFE73648935E17021E99FE88" author="Andersen T" box="[559,753,289,311]" pageId="3" pageNumber="877" pagination="15 - 26" refId="ref10034" refString="Andersen T. 2016. Madachironomus, a new genus of tribe Pseudochironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae, Chironominae) from Madagascar. Chironomus, Journal of Chironomidae Research 29: 15 - 26." type="journal article" year="2016">Andersen, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE7364891E017631E45FEE9" authority="Malloch, 1915" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1915" box="[145,557,320,342]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="877" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE7364891E017631D1DFEEA" box="[145,373,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="877">Pseudochironomus</emphasis>
|
||
Malloch, 1915
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE73648934D17631CA5FECB" authority="Kieffer, 1917" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Riethia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="877" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE73648934D17631EFDFEEA" box="[572,661,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="877">Riethia</emphasis>
|
||
Kieffer, 1917
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE736489062177C1E19FECB" authority="Freeman, 1961" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[275,625,350,372]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Megacentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="877" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE736489062177C1DC7FECB" box="[275,431,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="877">Megacentron</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFE7364890C8177C1E19FECB" author="Freeman P" box="[441,625,350,372]" pageId="3" pageNumber="877" pagination="611 - 738" refId="ref10658" refString="Freeman P. 1961. The Chironomidae (Diptera) of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 9: 611 - 738." type="journal article" year="1961">Freeman, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the latter with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE7364891BE175D1E8AFE2D" authority="Doitteau & Nel, 2007" authorityName="Doitteau & Nel" authorityYear="2007" box="[207,738,381,403]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Megacentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="877" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eocenicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE7364891BE175D1DB4FE2C" box="[207,476,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="877">Megacentron eocenicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFE736489094175E1E8AFE2D" author="Doitteau G & Nel A" box="[485,738,381,403]" pageId="3" pageNumber="877" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref10568" refString="Doitteau G, Nel A. 2007. Chironomid midges from early Eocene amber of France (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 1404: 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="2007">Doitteau & Nel, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– the sole
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE73648918B17BF1D8AFE0D" authorityName="SAETHER" authorityYear="1977" box="[250,482,412,434]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="877" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudochironomini">Pseudochironomini</taxonomicName>
|
||
known from the fossil record (Eocene Oise amber) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFE73648909A17991E81FE6F" author="Doitteau G & Nel A" box="[491,745,442,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="877" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref10568" refString="Doitteau G, Nel A. 2007. Chironomid midges from early Eocene amber of France (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 1404: 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="2007">Doitteau & Nel, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Descriptions of two further genera, based on unique characters found in specimens preserved in the Cretaceous ambers, are presented below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF7C6089FFE0364F91D210A81D3BF946" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360268" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6360268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360268/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="878" startId="4.[163,241,1675,1697]" targetBox="[228,1377,195,1635]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFE0364F91D210A81D3BF946" blockId="4.[163,1443,1675,1785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="878">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE0364F91D210A81D62F91F" bold="true" box="[163,266,1675,1697]" pageId="4" pageNumber="878">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE0364F906410AF1E79F91E" box="[277,529,1675,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Mesoacentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="878" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaluginae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE0364F906410AF1E79F91E" box="[277,529,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="878">Mesoacentron kaluginae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult male,
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE0364F93E510AF1F42F91E" box="[660,810,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="878">PIN 3130/224</emphasis>
|
||
; Late Cretaceous, Santonian; Yantardakh, Taimyr Peninsula, Russia. A, inclusion in amber embedded in epoxy resin. B, habitus. C, head. D, antenna (arrowheads indicate borders between flagellomeres fm 1–14: black – distinctly separated, grey – weakly separated or partially fused). E, head and thorax in lateral aspect.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7C6089FFE1364E91E010A81F2EF946" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360271" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6360271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360271/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="879" startId="5.[145,223,1675,1697]" targetBox="[210,1359,195,1635]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFE1364E91E010A81F2EF946" blockId="5.[145,1425,1675,1785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="879">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE1364E91E010A81C90F91F" bold="true" box="[145,248,1675,1697]" pageId="5" pageNumber="879">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE1364E907210AF1D97F91E" box="[259,511,1675,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Mesoacentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="879" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaluginae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE1364E907210AF1D97F91E" box="[259,511,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="879">Mesoacentron kaluginae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult male,
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE1364E93F310AF1F70F91E" box="[642,792,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="879">PIN 3130/224</emphasis>
|
||
; Late Cretaceous, Santonian; Yantardakh, Taimyr Peninsula, Russia. A, B, wing, with anal lobe and squama magnified (B). C, D, tibial armature of mid (C) and hindleg (D). E, hypopygium, ventral aspect. F, anal point. G, H, hypopygial volsellae: superior (green), inferior (blue), digitus (yellow), pseudovolsella (red) and pars ventralis (purple) photographed (G) and drawn (H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7C6089FFE2364D91D313581E69FA11" ID-Table-UUID="DF7C6089FFE2364D91D313581E69FA11" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7C6089FFE2364D91D313581E69FA11" pageId="6" pageNumber="880" startId="6.[162,226,1403,1424]" targetBox="[163,779,1490,1813]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFE2364D91D313581E69FA11" blockId="6.[162,743,1402,1454]" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE2364D91D313581C94FA30" bold="true" box="[162,252,1402,1424]" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Leg segment lengths (in micrometres) and leg ratios in the examined specimens
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFE2364D91AA13F11F63F8AF" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<table id="F903C2A1FFE2C9B491D213F11F63F8AA" box="[163,779,1490,1813]" gridcols="9" gridrows="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<tr id="35333243FFE2C9B491D213F11F63FA52" box="[163,779,1490,1517]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="880" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B491AA13F11D67FA52" box="[219,271,1490,1517]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">fe</th>
|
||
<th id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4904013F11D3FFA52" box="[305,343,1490,1517]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">ti</th>
|
||
<th id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4900913F11DF6FA52" box="[376,414,1490,1517]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">ta1</th>
|
||
<th id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B490B113F11D8EFA52" box="[448,486,1490,1517]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">ta2</th>
|
||
<th id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4937913F11E46FA52" box="[520,558,1490,1517]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">ta3</th>
|
||
<th id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4933E13F11E1DFA52" box="[591,629,1490,1517]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">ta4</th>
|
||
<th id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B493E613F11ED5FA52" box="[663,701,1490,1517]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">ta5</th>
|
||
<th id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B493AE13F11F63FA52" box="[735,779,1490,1517]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">LR</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35333243FFE2C9B491D2102A1F63F9A0" box="[163,779,1545,1567]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<th id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B491D2102A1F63F9A0" box="[163,779,1545,1567]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE2364D91D210291DC8F9A0" box="[163,416,1545,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Mesoacentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="880" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaluginae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE2364D91D210291DC8F9A0" box="[163,416,1545,1567]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">Mesoacentron kaluginae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35333243FFE2C9B491D210041F63F9FC" box="[163,779,1575,1603]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<th id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B491D210041CD2F9FC" box="[163,186,1575,1603]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE2364D91D210041CDAF983" bold="true" box="[163,178,1575,1596]" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">p</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE2364D91C310151CD2F9FC" bold="true" box="[178,186,1590,1603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">3</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B491AA10041D67F9FC" box="[219,271,1575,1603]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">520</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4904010041D3FF9FC" box="[305,343,1575,1603]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">600</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4900910041DF6F9FC" box="[376,414,1575,1603]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">290</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B490B110041D8EF9FC" box="[448,486,1575,1603]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">220</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4937910041E46F9FC" box="[520,558,1575,1603]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">155</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4933E10041E1DF9FC" box="[591,629,1575,1603]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">95</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B493E610041ED5F9FC" box="[663,701,1575,1603]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">90</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B493AE10041F63F9FC" box="[735,779,1575,1603]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">0.48</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35333243FFE2C9B491D210661F63F9E4" box="[163,779,1605,1627]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="880" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
|
||
<th id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B491D210661E46F9E4" box="[163,558,1605,1627]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE2364D91D210661D05F9E4" authorityName="SAETHER" authorityYear="1977" box="[163,365,1605,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="880" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudochironomini">Pseudochironomini</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE2364D900D10661E61F9E4" box="[380,521,1605,1627]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35333243FFE2C9B491D210401F63F9C0" box="[163,779,1635,1663]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<th id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B491D210401CD2F9C0" box="[163,186,1635,1663]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE2364D91D210401CDAF9C7" bold="true" box="[163,178,1635,1656]" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">p</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE2364D91C310511CD2F9C0" bold="true" box="[178,186,1650,1663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B491AA10401D67F9C0" box="[219,271,1635,1663]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4904010401D3FF9C0" box="[305,343,1635,1663]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4900910401DF6F9C0" box="[376,414,1635,1663]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">240</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B490B110401D8EF9C0" box="[448,486,1635,1663]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">150</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4937910401E46F9C0" box="[520,558,1635,1663]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">110</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4933E10401E1DF9C0" box="[591,629,1635,1663]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">85</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B493E610401ED5F9C0" box="[663,701,1635,1663]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B493AE10401F63F9C0" box="[735,779,1635,1663]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35333243FFE2C9B491D210A21F63F922" box="[163,779,1665,1693]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<th id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B491D210A21CD2F922" box="[163,186,1665,1693]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE2364D91D210A11CDAF928" bold="true" box="[163,178,1666,1687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">p</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE2364D91C310B31CD2F922" bold="true" box="[178,186,1680,1693]" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">3</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B491AA10A21D67F922" box="[219,271,1665,1693]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">495</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4904010A21D3FF922" box="[305,343,1665,1693]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">615</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4900910A21DF6F922" box="[376,414,1665,1693]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">305</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B490B110A21D8EF922" box="[448,486,1665,1693]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4937910A21E46F922" box="[520,558,1665,1693]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4933E10A21E1DF922" box="[591,629,1665,1693]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B493E610A21ED5F922" box="[663,701,1665,1693]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B493AE10A21F63F922" box="[735,779,1665,1693]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">0.50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35333243FFE2C9B491D210BC1F63F90A" box="[163,779,1695,1717]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="880" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
|
||
<th id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B491D210BC1D8EF90A" box="[163,486,1695,1717]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE2364D91D210BC1DDEF90A" authorityName="Giłka & Zakrzewska & Lukashevich & Vorontsov & Soszyńska-Maj & Skibińska & Cranston" authorityYear="2022" box="[163,438,1695,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Palaeocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="880" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krzeminskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE2364D91D210BC1DDEF90A" box="[163,438,1695,1717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">Palaeocentron krzeminskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35333243FFE2C9B491D2109E1F63F966" box="[163,779,1725,1753]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<th id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B491D2109E1CD2F966" box="[163,186,1725,1753]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE2364D91D2109D1CDAF96C" bold="true" box="[163,178,1726,1747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">p</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE2364D91C310EF1CD2F966" bold="true" box="[178,186,1740,1753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B491AA109E1D67F966" box="[219,271,1725,1753]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">610</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B49040109E1D3FF966" box="[305,343,1725,1753]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">790</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B49009109E1DF6F966" box="[376,414,1725,1753]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">575</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B490B1109E1D8EF966" box="[448,486,1725,1753]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">305</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B49379109E1E46F966" box="[520,558,1725,1753]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">250</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4933E109E1E1DF966" box="[591,629,1725,1753]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">180</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B493E6109E1ED5F966" box="[663,701,1725,1753]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">115</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B493AE109E1F63F966" box="[735,779,1725,1753]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">0.73</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35333243FFE2C9B491D210F81F63F948" box="[163,779,1755,1783]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<th id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B491D210F81CD2F948" box="[163,186,1755,1783]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE2364D91D210FF1CDAF94E" bold="true" box="[163,178,1756,1777]" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">p</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE2364D91C310C91CD2F948" bold="true" box="[178,186,1770,1783]" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B491AA10F81D67F948" box="[219,271,1755,1783]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">630</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4904010F81D3FF948" box="[305,343,1755,1783]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">640</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4900910F81DF6F948" box="[376,414,1755,1783]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">340</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B490B110F81D8EF948" box="[448,486,1755,1783]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">195</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4937910F81E46F948" box="[520,558,1755,1783]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">155</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4933E10F81E1DF948" box="[591,629,1755,1783]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">110</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B493E610F81ED5F948" box="[663,701,1755,1783]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">80</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B493AE10F81F63F948" box="[735,779,1755,1783]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">0.53</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35333243FFE2C9B491D210D91F63F8AA" box="[163,779,1786,1813]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<th id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B491D210D91CD2F8AA" box="[163,186,1786,1813]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE2364D91D210D91CDAF8B0" bold="true" box="[163,178,1786,1807]" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">p</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE2364D91C3112B1CD2F8AA" bold="true" box="[178,186,1800,1813]" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">3</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B491AA10D91D67F8AA" box="[219,271,1786,1813]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">~595</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4904010D91D3FF8AA" box="[305,343,1786,1813]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">765</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4900910D91DF6F8AA" box="[376,414,1786,1813]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">425</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B490B110D91D8EF8AA" box="[448,486,1786,1813]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">230</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4937910D91E46F8AA" box="[520,558,1786,1813]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">210</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B4933E10D91E1DF8AA" box="[591,629,1786,1813]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">125</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B493E610D91ED5F8AA" box="[663,701,1786,1813]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">90</td>
|
||
<td id="76E25B3FFFE2C9B493AE10D91F63F8AA" box="[735,779,1786,1813]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">0.56</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFE2364D91D2111A1D1EF8E0" blockId="6.[163,779,1848,1888]" pageId="6" pageNumber="880">
|
||
<tableNote id="76E5318FFFE2364D91D2111A1D1EF8E0" pageId="6" pageNumber="880" targetBox="[163,779,1490,1813]" targetPageId="6">Abbreviations: fe, femur; LR, leg ratio; p1–p3, pair of legs 1–3; ta1–ta5, tarsomeres 1–5; ti, tibia.</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7C6089FFEC364391D210A81938F963" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360273" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6360273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360273/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="882" startId="8.[163,241,1675,1697]" targetBox="[228,1377,195,1635]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEC364391D210A81938F963" blockId="8.[163,1443,1675,1756]" pageId="8" pageNumber="882">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEC364391D210A81D63F91F" bold="true" box="[163,267,1675,1697]" pageId="8" pageNumber="882">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFEC3643906710A81D88F91E" authorityName="SAETHER" authorityYear="1977" box="[278,480,1675,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="882" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudochironomini">Pseudochironomini</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEC3643908110A81E15F91E" box="[496,637,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="882">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
, adult male, PIN 3130/223; Late Cretaceous, Santonian; Yantardakh, Taimyr Peninsula, Russia. A, inclusion in amber embedded in epoxy resin. B, habitus. C, D, wing, with RM vein area magnified (D). E, F, tibial armature of mid (E) and hindleg (F). G, H, hypopygium in dorsolateral (G) and ventrolateral aspect (H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7C6089FFED364291E0145818F4FD73" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360275" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6360275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360275/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="883" startId="9.[145,224,635,657]" targetBox="[146,1423,199,594]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFED364291E0145818F4FD73" blockId="9.[145,1425,635,716]" pageId="9" pageNumber="883">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFED364291E014581C92FD2F" bold="true" box="[145,250,635,657]" pageId="9" pageNumber="883">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFED3642907714581E74FD2E" box="[262,540,635,657]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Palaeocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="883" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krzeminskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFED3642907714581E74FD2E" box="[262,540,635,657]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="883">Palaeocentron krzeminskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult male,
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFED364293D714581FF9FD2E" box="[678,913,635,657]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="883">MP/4020 (ISEZ PAN)</emphasis>
|
||
; mid-Cretaceous, probably Albian–Cenomanian; Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar. A, inclusion in amber. B, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (attenuated total reflectance) spectrum no. 17497 IAA, obtained from amber piece with the examined inclusion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7C6089FFEE364191D510A81DFFF963" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360277" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6360277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360277/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="884" startId="10.[164,243,1675,1697]" targetBox="[228,1377,195,1635]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEE364191D510A81DFFF963" blockId="10.[163,1442,1675,1756]" pageId="10" pageNumber="884">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEE364191D510A81D66F91F" bold="true" box="[164,270,1675,1697]" pageId="10" pageNumber="884">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFEE3641906610A81E46F91E" box="[279,558,1675,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Palaeocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="884" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krzeminskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEE3641906610A81E46F91E" box="[279,558,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="884">Palaeocentron krzeminskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult male,
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEE364193C910A81FCBF91E" box="[696,931,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="884">MP/4020 (ISEZ PAN)</emphasis>
|
||
; mid-Cretaceous, probably Albian–Cenomanian; Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar. A, habitus. B, head and antenna (arrowheads indicate borders between flagellomeres fm 1–14).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7C6089FFEF364091E0132A1848FAE5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360279" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6360279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360279/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="885" startId="11.[145,224,1289,1311]" targetBox="[145,1425,195,1249]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEF364091E0132A1848FAE5" blockId="11.[145,1424,1289,1370]" pageId="11" pageNumber="885">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEF364091E0132A1C92FAA1" bold="true" box="[145,250,1289,1311]" pageId="11" pageNumber="885">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFEF36409077132A1E74FAA0" box="[262,540,1289,1311]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Palaeocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="885" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krzeminskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEF36409077132A1E74FAA0" box="[262,540,1289,1311]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="885">Palaeocentron krzeminskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult male,
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEF364093D7132A1FF9FAA0" box="[678,913,1289,1311]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="885">MP/4020 (ISEZ PAN)</emphasis>
|
||
; mid-Cretaceous, probably Albian–Cenomanian; Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar. A–E, tibial apices of fore (A, B) mid- (C) and hindleg (D, E), with bristle fan magnified (E). F, G, thorn-like bristles on hindleg tibia: arrangement (F) and shape (G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7C6089FFE8364791D210A8194FF963" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360281" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6360281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360281/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="886" startId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" targetBox="[228,1377,195,1635]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFE8364791D210A8194FF963" blockId="12.[163,1443,1675,1756]" pageId="12" pageNumber="886">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE8364791D210A81D64F91F" bold="true" box="[163,268,1675,1697]" pageId="12" pageNumber="886">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFE83647906610A81E46F91E" box="[279,558,1675,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Palaeocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="886" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krzeminskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE83647906610A81E46F91E" box="[279,558,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="886">Palaeocentron krzeminskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult male,
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFE8364793C910A81FCBF91E" box="[696,931,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="886">MP/4020 (ISEZ PAN)</emphasis>
|
||
; mid-Cretaceous, probably Albian–Cenomanian; Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar. A, B, hypopygium in dorsolateral (A) and ventrolateral aspect (B). C, D, anal point photographed (C) and drawn (D). E, superior volsellae. F, G, inferior volsellae drawn (F) and photographed (G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C319638AFFEA3645907316F519FAFA74" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" type="key">
|
||
<table id="F903C2A1FFEAC9B491D316E019CBFA68" box="[162,1443,195,1495]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEA3645907316F5192CFF54" blockId="14.[258,1348,214,235]" box="[258,1348,214,235]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
KEY TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF FOSSIL AND EXTANT
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFEA3645923B16F9185FFF54" ID-CoL="87CY8" authorityName="SAETHER" authorityYear="1977" box="[842,1079,218,235]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudochironomini">PSEUDOCHIRONOMINI</taxonomicName>
|
||
GENERA (ADULT MALES)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<keyLead id="30F29334FFEA364591C2172619FAFA74" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<keyStep id="30F728A4FFEA364591C2172619FAFA74" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<key id="FF926730FFEA364591C2172619FAFA74" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEA364591C2172619FAFE86" blockId="14.[179,1426,260,313]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
1. Gonostylus directed backward, usually rigidly connected with gonocoxite, with slight ability of flexion inwards at most (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382C84FFEA364590EA17001D9AFE87" box="[411,498,291,313]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[145,223,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[210,1359,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-23@5.[210,1359,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Mesoacentron kaluginae, adult male, PIN 3130/224; Late Cretaceous, Santonian; Yantardakh, Taimyr Peninsula, Russia.A, B, wing, with anal lobe and squama magnified (B). C, D, tibial armature of mid (C) and hindleg (D). E, hypopygium, ventral aspect. F, anal point. G, H, hypopygial volsellae: superior (green), inferior (blue), digitus (yellow), pseudovolsella (red) and pars ventralis (purple) photographed (G) and drawn (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360271/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">Figs 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382C84FFEA3645908F17001E28FE86" box="[510,576,291,313]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[163,241,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[228,1377,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@8.[228,1377,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Pseudochironomini? incertae sedis, adult male, PIN 3130/223; Late Cretaceous, Santonian; Yantardakh, Taimyr Peninsula, Russia. A, inclusion in amber embedded in epoxy resin. B, habitus. C, D, wing, with RM vein area magnified (D). E, F, tibial armature of mid (E) and hindleg (F). G, H, hypopygium in dorsolateral (G) and ventrolateral aspect (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360273/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">3G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382C84FFEA3645933C17001EE3FE86" box="[589,651,291,313]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[228,1377,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-67@12.[228,1377,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Palaeocentron krzeminskii, adult male, MP/4020 (ISEZ PAN); mid-Cretaceous, probably Albian–Cenomanian; Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar.A, B, hypopygium in dorsolateral (A) and ventrolateral aspect (B). C, D, anal point photographed (C) and drawn (D). E, superior volsellae. F, G, inferior volsellae drawn (F) and photographed (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360281/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
)..................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFEA364595BA17001905FE86" ID-CoL="9CJ6N" authorityName="NEWMAN" authorityYear="1834" box="[1227,1389,291,313]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chironominae">Chironominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEA364591B0177119FAFED7" blockId="14.[193,1426,338,360]" box="[193,1426,338,360]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
- Gonostylus movable and usually folded inward......................... other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFEA36459290177118EAFED7" ID-CoL="84X" authorityName="NEWMAN" authorityYear="1834" box="[993,1154,338,360]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
subfamilies (not keyed)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEA364591C2175A19FAFE12" blockId="14.[179,1426,376,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
2. Pars ventralis present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382C84FFEA36459090175B1E1BFE31" box="[481,627,376,398]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[145,223,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[210,1359,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-23@5.[210,1359,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Mesoacentron kaluginae, adult male, PIN 3130/224; Late Cretaceous, Santonian; Yantardakh, Taimyr Peninsula, Russia.A, B, wing, with anal lobe and squama magnified (B). C, D, tibial armature of mid (C) and hindleg (D). E, hypopygium, ventral aspect. F, anal point. G, H, hypopygial volsellae: superior (green), inferior (blue), digitus (yellow), pseudovolsella (red) and pars ventralis (purple) photographed (G) and drawn (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360271/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">Fig. 2E, G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) and/or foreleg tibia with spur surrounded by darkly pigmented comb similar to those on mid- and hindlegs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382C84FFEA364593FA17B41E93FE12" box="[651,763,407,429]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[145,224,1289,1311]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-221@11.[145,1425,195,1249]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Palaeocentron krzeminskii, adult male, MP/4020 (ISEZ PAN); mid-Cretaceous, probably Albian–Cenomanian; Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar. A–E, tibial apices of fore (A, B) mid- (C) and hindleg (D, E), with bristle fan magnified (E). F, G, thorn-like bristles on hindleg tibia: arrangement (F) and shape (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360279/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) .........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFEA364595E317B41905FE12" ID-CoL="87CY8" authorityName="SAETHER" authorityYear="1977" box="[1170,1389,407,429]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudochironomini">Pseudochironomini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEA364591CF179D19F9FE4D" blockId="14.[190,1426,446,498]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
- Pars ventralis absent or represented by depressed oval area at most (possibly remnant of pars ventralis), foreleg tibia with bristle(s) or spur at most but comb never present ..other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFEA3645955017FF18ABFE4D" ID-CoL="9CJ6N" authorityName="NEWMAN" authorityYear="1834" box="[1057,1219,476,498]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chironominae">Chironominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
tribes (not keyed)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEA364591C2142019FAFDA7" blockId="14.[179,1426,515,537]" box="[179,1426,515,537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
3. Anal point of hypopygium present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382C84FFEA3645931714201EB4FDA7" box="[614,732,515,537]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[145,223,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[210,1359,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-23@5.[210,1359,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Mesoacentron kaluginae, adult male, PIN 3130/224; Late Cretaceous, Santonian; Yantardakh, Taimyr Peninsula, Russia.A, B, wing, with anal lobe and squama magnified (B). C, D, tibial armature of mid (C) and hindleg (D). E, hypopygium, ventral aspect. F, anal point. G, H, hypopygial volsellae: superior (green), inferior (blue), digitus (yellow), pseudovolsella (red) and pars ventralis (purple) photographed (G) and drawn (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360271/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">Figs 2E–G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382C84FFEA3645939B14201F2FFDA6" box="[746,839,515,537]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[228,1377,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-67@12.[228,1377,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Palaeocentron krzeminskii, adult male, MP/4020 (ISEZ PAN); mid-Cretaceous, probably Albian–Cenomanian; Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar.A, B, hypopygium in dorsolateral (A) and ventrolateral aspect (B). C, D, anal point photographed (C) and drawn (D). E, superior volsellae. F, G, inferior volsellae drawn (F) and photographed (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360281/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">7A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) ................................................................................. 4
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEA364591CF140919FAFDE1" blockId="14.[190,1427,554,606]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
- Anal point of hypopygium absent, anal tergite with crenate apical extension at most (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA364595EE140919E4FD80" author="Cranston PS & Dillon ME & Pinder LCV & Reiss F" box="[1183,1420,554,576]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="353 - 502" refId="ref10452" refString="Cranston PS, Dillon ME, Pinder LCV, Reiss F. 1989. 10. The adult males of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - keys and diagnoses. Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement 34: 353 - 502." type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Cranston
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEA3645946114081920FD80" box="[1296,1352,554,576]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3756C6FFEA3645918C146B1D2FFDE1" box="[253,327,584,606]" degrees="10.54" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" precision="555" value="10.54">10.54e</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)............................................................................................................................................................ 8
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEA364591C2144C19FAFD1B" blockId="14.[179,1426,623,676]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
4. True median volsella absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382C84FFEA36459350144C1EE6FD3A" box="[545,654,623,645]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[228,1377,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-67@12.[228,1377,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Palaeocentron krzeminskii, adult male, MP/4020 (ISEZ PAN); mid-Cretaceous, probably Albian–Cenomanian; Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar.A, B, hypopygium in dorsolateral (A) and ventrolateral aspect (B). C, D, anal point photographed (C) and drawn (D). E, superior volsellae. F, G, inferior volsellae drawn (F) and photographed (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360281/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), pseudovolsella as aggregation of linearly-merged tubercles at most (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382C84FFEA364591AD14AD1D27FD1C" box="[220,335,654,676]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[145,223,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[210,1359,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-23@5.[210,1359,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Mesoacentron kaluginae, adult male, PIN 3130/224; Late Cretaceous, Santonian; Yantardakh, Taimyr Peninsula, Russia.A, B, wing, with anal lobe and squama magnified (B). C, D, tibial armature of mid (C) and hindleg (D). E, hypopygium, ventral aspect. F, anal point. G, H, hypopygial volsellae: superior (green), inferior (blue), digitus (yellow), pseudovolsella (red) and pars ventralis (purple) photographed (G) and drawn (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360271/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">Fig. 2G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
); antenna with 14 flagellomeres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382C84FFEA364593BC14AD1F4CFD1C" box="[717,804,654,676]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[163,241,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[228,1377,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[228,1377,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Mesoacentron kaluginae, adult male, PIN 3130/224; Late Cretaceous, Santonian; Yantardakh, Taimyr Peninsula, Russia. A, inclusion in amber embedded in epoxy resin. B, habitus. C, head. D, antenna (arrowheads indicate borders between flagellomeres fm 1–14: black – distinctly separated, grey – weakly separated or partially fused). E, head and thorax in lateral aspect." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360268/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">Figs 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382C84FFEA3645924014AD1F38FD1B" box="[817,848,654,676]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[164,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[228,1377,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-75@10.[228,1377,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Palaeocentron krzeminskii, adult male, MP/4020 (ISEZ PAN); mid-Cretaceous, probably Albian–Cenomanian; Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar. A, habitus. B, head and antenna (arrowheads indicate borders between flagellomeres fm 1–14)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360277/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
)................................................................................ 5
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEA364591CF149619F9FCB7" blockId="14.[190,1425,693,776]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
- True median volsella present; antenna with 13 flagellomeres (exceptionally 14 flagellomeres present) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA364591AD14F71DEEFD56" author="Freeman P" box="[220,390,723,745]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="611 - 738" refId="ref10658" refString="Freeman P. 1961. The Chironomidae (Diptera) of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 9: 611 - 738." type="journal article" year="1961">Freeman, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 18a;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA3645908014F01F65FD57" author="Oliveira SJD & Messias MDC" box="[497,781,723,745]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="405 - 407" refId="ref11777" refString="Oliveira SJD, Messias MDC. 1989. Sobre uma nova especie do genero Aedokritus Roback, 1958 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 84: 405 - 407 [in Portuguese]." type="journal article" year="1989">Oliveira & Messias, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 7;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA3645922C14F01826FD57" author="Doitteau G & Nel A" box="[861,1102,723,745]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref10568" refString="Doitteau G, Nel A. 2007. Chironomid midges from early Eocene amber of France (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 1404: 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="2007">Doitteau & Nel, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 48–50;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA364595AB14F019E2FD56" author="Andersen T" box="[1242,1418,723,745]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="15 - 26" refId="ref10034" refString="Andersen T. 2016. Madachironomus, a new genus of tribe Pseudochironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae, Chironominae) from Madagascar. Chironomus, Journal of Chironomidae Research 29: 15 - 26." type="journal article" year="2016">Andersen, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 7;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA3645906614D11DF5FCB8" author="Pinho LC" box="[279,413,754,776]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="586 - 590" refId="ref11902" refString="Pinho LC. 2018. Bringing taxonomy to school kids: Aedokritus adotivae sp. n. from Amazon (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 4399: 586 - 590." type="journal article" year="2018">Pinho, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1e;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA3645908B14D11ED7FCB8" author="Pinho LC & Dantas GPS & Hamada N" box="[506,703,754,776]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="535 - 542" refId="ref11934" refString="Pinho LC, Dantas GPS, Hamada N. 2019. Some notes on taxonomy and distribution of Neotropical Aedokritus Roback and Axarus Roback (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae). Zootaxa 4668: 535 - 542." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Pinho
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEA3645933514D01E14FCB8" box="[580,636,754,776]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1d) ......................................................................................... 6
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEA364591C2153B19FAFCD4" blockId="14.[179,1426,792,876]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
5. Hypopygium with two pairs of volsellae – digitus, pseudovolsella and pars ventralis absent; anal point stout, parallel-sided, with spike-shaped prolongation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382C84FFEA3645923315141FEBFCF2" box="[834,899,823,845]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[228,1377,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-67@12.[228,1377,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Palaeocentron krzeminskii, adult male, MP/4020 (ISEZ PAN); mid-Cretaceous, probably Albian–Cenomanian; Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar.A, B, hypopygium in dorsolateral (A) and ventrolateral aspect (B). C, D, anal point photographed (C) and drawn (D). E, superior volsellae. F, G, inferior volsellae drawn (F) and photographed (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360281/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
); hindleg tibia with strong thorn-like bristles arranged in row and subapical fan (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382C84FFEA3645931B15751EB6FCD3" box="[618,734,854,876]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[145,224,1289,1311]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-221@11.[145,1425,195,1249]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Palaeocentron krzeminskii, adult male, MP/4020 (ISEZ PAN); mid-Cretaceous, probably Albian–Cenomanian; Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar. A–E, tibial apices of fore (A, B) mid- (C) and hindleg (D, E), with bristle fan magnified (E). F, G, thorn-like bristles on hindleg tibia: arrangement (F) and shape (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360279/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">Fig. 6D–G</figureCitation>
|
||
)............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFEA36459582157519FAFCD4" authorityName="KRZEMINSKII GILKA, ZAKRZEWSKA, LUKASHEVICH AND CRANSTON" authorityYear="2022" box="[1267,1426,854,875]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Palaeocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEA36459582157519FAFCD4" box="[1267,1426,854,875]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">Palaeocentron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEA364591CF155E19FAFC0E" blockId="14.[190,1426,893,945]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
- Hypopygium with two pairs of volsellae, digitus, pseudovolsella and pars ventralis; anal point narrow, without spike-shaped prolongation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382C84FFEA3645931F15B81E89FC0F" box="[622,737,923,945]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[145,223,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[210,1359,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-23@5.[210,1359,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Mesoacentron kaluginae, adult male, PIN 3130/224; Late Cretaceous, Santonian; Yantardakh, Taimyr Peninsula, Russia.A, B, wing, with anal lobe and squama magnified (B). C, D, tibial armature of mid (C) and hindleg (D). E, hypopygium, ventral aspect. F, anal point. G, H, hypopygial volsellae: superior (green), inferior (blue), digitus (yellow), pseudovolsella (red) and pars ventralis (purple) photographed (G) and drawn (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6360271/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">Fig. 2E–H</figureCitation>
|
||
); hindleg tibia without thorn-like bristles ........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFEA3645958715BF19FAFC0E" ID-CoL="9HXD4" box="[1270,1426,924,945]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Mesoacentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEA3645958715BF19FAFC0E" box="[1270,1426,924,945]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">Mesoacentron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEA364591C215E119FAFBAA" blockId="14.[179,1427,962,1045]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
6. Anal point slender or sharp; antenna with 13 flagellomeres (extant species), exceptionally with 14 flagellomeres (single known fossil species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFEA364593B415C21F3DFC49" ID-CoL="8CQGM" baseAuthorityName="Doitteau & Nel" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[709,853,993,1014]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Megacentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eocenicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEA364593B415C21F3DFC49" box="[709,853,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">M. eocenicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA3645920115C21875FC49" author="Freeman P" box="[880,1053,992,1014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="611 - 738" refId="ref10658" refString="Freeman P. 1961. The Chironomidae (Diptera) of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 9: 611 - 738." type="journal article" year="1961">Freeman, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 18a;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA364595E315C219E4FC49" author="Doitteau G & Nel A" box="[1170,1420,993,1015]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref10568" refString="Doitteau G, Nel A. 2007. Chironomid midges from early Eocene amber of France (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 1404: 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="2007">Doitteau & Nel, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 48–50).........................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFEA36459471122319FAFBAA" ID-CoL="5ML8" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[1280,1426,1024,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Megacentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEA36459471122319FAFBAA" box="[1280,1426,1024,1045]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">Megacentron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEA364591CF120519F8FBE5" blockId="14.[190,1426,1062,1115]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
- Anal point broad, parallel-sided or triangular/subtriangular; antenna with 13 flagellomeres (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA3645946612051D1AFBE5" author="Oliveira SJD & Messias MDC" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="405 - 407" refId="ref11777" refString="Oliveira SJD, Messias MDC. 1989. Sobre uma nova especie do genero Aedokritus Roback, 1958 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 84: 405 - 407 [in Portuguese]." type="journal article" year="1989">Oliveira & Messias, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 4;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA364590B312661E1AFBE5" author="Andersen T" box="[450,626,1092,1115]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="15 - 26" refId="ref10034" refString="Andersen T. 2016. Madachironomus, a new genus of tribe Pseudochironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae, Chironominae) from Madagascar. Chironomus, Journal of Chironomidae Research 29: 15 - 26." type="journal article" year="2016">Andersen, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 6;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA364593B212661F21FBE5" author="Pinho LC" box="[707,841,1093,1115]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="586 - 590" refId="ref11902" refString="Pinho LC. 2018. Bringing taxonomy to school kids: Aedokritus adotivae sp. n. from Amazon (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 4399: 586 - 590." type="journal article" year="2018">Pinho, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1d;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA364592D912661805FBE5" author="Pinho LC & Dantas GPS & Hamada N" box="[936,1133,1093,1115]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="535 - 542" refId="ref11934" refString="Pinho LC, Dantas GPS, Hamada N. 2019. Some notes on taxonomy and distribution of Neotropical Aedokritus Roback and Axarus Roback (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae). Zootaxa 4668: 535 - 542." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Pinho
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEA3645928012661841FBE5" box="[1009,1065,1093,1114]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1b, c)........................7
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEA364591C2124F19FAFB01" blockId="14.[179,1426,1131,1215]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
7. Wing membrane with shaded areas along radial, medial and cubital veins, but without distinctly outlined spots, anal lobe moderately developed, not protruding; median volsella medially directed, with stem split apically (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA3645904A128A1D84FB01" author="Andersen T" box="[315,492,1192,1215]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="15 - 26" refId="ref10034" refString="Andersen T. 2016. Madachironomus, a new genus of tribe Pseudochironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae, Chironominae) from Madagascar. Chironomus, Journal of Chironomidae Research 29: 15 - 26." type="journal article" year="2016">Andersen, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 7, 8) ..........................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEA364595BA128A19FAFB01" box="[1227,1426,1193,1214]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">Madachironomus</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEA364591CF12F319FAFA9E" blockId="14.[190,1427,1231,1314]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
- Wing membrane with distinct colour spots and/or crossbands, anal lobe well-developed, strongly protruding; median volsella posteriorly directed, with stem single-lobed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA364592F112CD18F2FABC" author="Oliveira SJD & Messias MDC" box="[896,1178,1262,1284]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="405 - 407" refId="ref11777" refString="Oliveira SJD, Messias MDC. 1989. Sobre uma nova especie do genero Aedokritus Roback, 1958 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 84: 405 - 407 [in Portuguese]." type="journal article" year="1989">Oliveira & Messias, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 2, 7;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA3645947612CD19E4FABC" author="Pinho LC" box="[1287,1420,1262,1284]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="586 - 590" refId="ref11902" refString="Pinho LC. 2018. Bringing taxonomy to school kids: Aedokritus adotivae sp. n. from Amazon (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 4399: 586 - 590." type="journal article" year="2018">Pinho, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1c, e;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA3645904A132F1E68FA9D" author="Pinho LC & Dantas GPS & Hamada N" box="[315,512,1292,1314]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="535 - 542" refId="ref11934" refString="Pinho LC, Dantas GPS, Hamada N. 2019. Some notes on taxonomy and distribution of Neotropical Aedokritus Roback and Axarus Roback (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae). Zootaxa 4668: 535 - 542." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Pinho
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEA364590F5132E1DD4FA9E" box="[388,444,1292,1314]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1a, d) .................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFEA36459466132F19FAFA9E" ID-CoL="PGY" authorityName="Roback" authorityYear="1958" box="[1303,1426,1292,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Aedokritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEA36459466132F19FAFA9E" box="[1303,1426,1292,1313]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">Aedokritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEA364591C2131019FAFAD8" blockId="14.[179,1426,1331,1384]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
8. Anal lobe of wing large, distinctly protruding; pars ventralis strongly developed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA3645951A13101D62FAD7" author="Paggi AC & Rodriguez-Garay GN" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="334 - 341" refId="ref11816" refString="Paggi AC, Rodriguez-Garay GN. 2015. The presence of species of Pseudochironomus Malloch 1915 (Diptera: Chironomidae) in watercourses of Chaco Serrano Ecoregion (Argentina, South America). Zootaxa 3957: 334 - 341." type="journal article" year="2015">Paggi & Rodriguez-Garay, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 3, 4, 6) .....................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFEA364595CC137119FAFAD8" ID-CoL="6ZKH" box="[1213,1426,1362,1383]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEA364595CC137119FAFAD8" box="[1213,1426,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">Pseudochironomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3001FFEA364591CF135A19FAFA74" blockId="14.[190,1426,1401,1484]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">
|
||
- Anal lobe of wing moderately developed and only slightly protruding at most (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA364595EF135A1DDFFA13" author="Trivinho-Strixino S & Shimabukuro M" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="245 - 260" refId="ref12438" refString="Trivinho-Strixino S, Shimabukuro M. 2018. Brazilian Pseudochironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae) Part 2. New Pseudochironomus and Riethia species. Zootaxa 4403: 245 - 260." type="journal article" year="2018">Trivinho-Strixino & Shimabukuro, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 8b), but usually weak or absent; pars ventralis as small protrusion(s) at most or absent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA3645905F13951E3AFA74" author="Andersen T & Saether OA" box="[302,594,1462,1484]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="311 - 317" refId="ref10069" refString="Andersen T, Saether OA. 1997. First record of Manoa Fittkau and tribe Pseudochironomini Saether from the Afrotropical region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae). Entomologica scandinavica 28: 311 - 317." type="journal article" year="1997">Andersen & Saether, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1h;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924DF0FFEA364593C013951F27FA74" author="Qi X & Wang XH & Andersen T & Lin XL" box="[689,847,1462,1484]" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" pagination="398 - 408" refId="ref11973" refString="Qi X, Wang XH, Andersen T, Lin XL. 2017. A new species of Manoa Fittkau (Diptera: Chironomidae), with DNA barcodes from Xianju National Park, Oriental China. Zootaxa 4231: 398 - 408." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Qi
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEA364593A213941F63FA74" box="[723,779,1462,1484]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 6c, d).......................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFEA364595A21394194AFA73" ID-CoL="5KXH" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1963" box="[1235,1314,1463,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Manoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EC13FFEA364595A21394194AFA73" box="[1235,1314,1463,1484]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="888">Manoa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034B82FFEA3645944F139519FAFA74" ID-CoL="79ZG" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[1342,1426,1462,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Riethia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Riethia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |