801 lines
100 KiB
XML
801 lines
100 KiB
XML
<document id="AAC86787678CBE8A7D4276BB3CB37486" ID-CLB-Dataset="31726" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4338.3.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c81e7663-6625-4b69-a345-a86ff312a35e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1037068" ID-ZooBank="1C3942A9-BAD8-425A-BA1F-65579D4D3D8D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1509002705629" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lehnert, Helmut & Stone, Robert P." docDate="2017" docId="038FE0078C5DFFA5FF3AFCC8D966915A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4338.3.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4338 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Plicatellopsis borealis Lehnert & Stone 2017, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" masterDocId="FFB6987F8C5FFFA3FFADFFD8D8469601" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Suberitida (Porifera, Heteroscleromorpha) from the Bering Sea" updateTime="1698470272853" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="346E3A2C6588415A5D361B4F4B2639B9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F4E418CF5A2ED5B7A3504B059FD5F8CA">
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<mods:title id="4300B36F8562B77ECE9AA4CC570FF9E6">Two new species of Suberitida (Porifera, Heteroscleromorpha) from the Bering Sea</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="163E3BE47955EC7DFA22BE30EB310C38" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="464FC388A27D2EC8A5D80568C40FBBB1">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B6D1B0E5E95CF5F9D3738308EC03A726">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2D129973CA453378E2863DFE88F37275">Lehnert, Helmut</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9A1C82B7C5B5FF1F26FAEFCF6203CDB0" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F773ED3E19F602DA8D9ECA2E6CCA6F87">
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<mods:roleTerm id="713C134D4D09ED15C2884A5E172DAE68">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7CC274462C2F932135617A13C5489912">Stone, Robert P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A6821D178C74B5D407F488A8C4F90C98">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="573A1D2A461F8C176B815AE6CB074B04" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8B9F3EB69AEB502431C18ABBE7E9031D">
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<mods:title id="7EC3686C755F0DA35E8B5394C4AE8F0E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="934205D0B5C3D7ED57901337E2886CD2">
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<mods:date id="5BBC72C90F696121E79C5A5489FD98BF">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="7F45AE29CF5FA3D8AB50033210C27F8E" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="5AC1864843B8F291A54F681F1FBAB2A9">2017-10-26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="AC5909E860FF4945A8379E93ACA966B8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4A8146FBB1892E94FCFE8F2B6D88099F">4338</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E439481090B2CB982C7ADDE5A599EA71" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="0C8BD06E324022441B36D9514E9A030A">3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="5F5E8E2EFC7273D7B6CE1294CABE7050">journal volume</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="622C58D54978F9DA4C7ED36E7E4E0B4D" type="CLB-Dataset">31726</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DF399A40BB5E0D9B40A762ACEA08E2AD" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4338.3.9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DE462EE6EBA7BB2F4759EAB121B2093F" type="GBIF-Dataset">c81e7663-6625-4b69-a345-a86ff312a35e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="09F2E1C36618865B6E43E0FEC4744B8C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="453327678C79D908408D00E2EEE0E3B6" type="Zenodo-Dep">1037068</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="70A8E305374E2C020D7346C2F8C7300E" type="ZooBank">1C3942A9-BAD8-425A-BA1F-65579D4D3D8D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="038FE0078C5DFFA5FF3AFCC8D966915A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6049672" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135476360" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6049672" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FE0078C5DFFA5FF3AFCC8D966915A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038FE0078C5DFFA5FF3AFCC8D966915A" lastPageId="6" pageId="2">
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<subSubSection id="C33C029A8C5DFFA1FF3AFCC8D9CF954D" pageId="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9951118C5DFFA1FF3AFCC8D9A1952A" blockId="2.[151,487,784,845]" box="[151,487,784,811]" pageId="2">
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<heading id="D0D1E67D8C5DFFA1FF3AFCC8D9A1952A" bold="true" box="[151,487,784,811]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5DFFA1FF3AFCC8D9A1952A" bold="true" box="[151,487,784,811]" pageId="2">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C5DFFA1FF3AFCC8D9D8952B" authority="Lehnert & Stone, 2017" authorityName="Lehnert & Stone" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,414,784,810]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="2" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="borealis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9528D038C5DFFA1FF3AFCC8D9D8952B" bold="true" box="[151,414,784,810]" italics="true" pageId="2">Plicatellopsis borealis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26130788C5DFFA1FE08FCC9D9A1952A" box="[421,487,785,811]" pageId="2" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9951118C5DFFA1FF3AFCECD9CF954D" blockId="2.[151,487,784,845]" box="[151,393,820,845]" pageId="2">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="131D4D948C5DFFA1FF32FCECD8AA954D" box="[159,236,820,845]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plicatellopsis borealis n. sp. A, Holotype (specimen AB 13 – 0339 A) at left and paratype, AB 13 – 0339 B) at right, both growing on the carapace of the crab Hyas coarctatus. Note the orange coloured eggs under the abdominal flap of the ovigerous female of the living crab. B, Paratype (specimen AB – 0042) with a relatively long, thin stalk with root-like processes at the base. C, Paratype (specimen AB 13 – 0343), a large, massive specimen. D, Paratype (specimen AB 15 – 0045) starting from a plated-holdfast and a very short stalk branching into two large funnels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037072/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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&
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<figureCitation id="131D4D948C5DFFA1FEBDFCECD966954D" box="[272,288,820,844]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plicatellopsis borealis n. sp. A, Section perpendicular to the surface. Dark band on the left consists of a palisade of the smaller tylostyle category. This ectosomal palisade is supported by ascending polyspicular tracts which are rising from polyspicular tracts running parallel to the surface through the center of the funnel walls (slightly oblique on the right side). Scale bar is 100 µm. B, Ascending polyspicular tracts of large tylostyles and ectosomal palisade of smaller tylostyles. Scale bar is 100 µm. C, Large and small tylostyles in spicule preparation. Scale bar is 100 µm. D, Blunt ends of large and small (subtylo) styles. Scale bar is 100 µm. E, Large choanosomal tylostyles. Complete tylostyle from upper right to lower left. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Two small ectosomal tylostyles. Blunt end of large tylostyle at upper left. Scale bar is 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037074/files/figure.png" pageId="2">3</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6A464AA8C5DFFA1FE80FCECD938954D" box="[301,382,820,845]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,296,319]" captionText="TABLE 1. Selected characters of all known species of Plicatellopsis. All measurements are presented in µm unless otherwise noted." pageId="2">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C029A8C5DFFA1FF3AFCA4DCF990D1" pageId="2" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9951118C5DFFA1FF3AFCA4DDC592B5" blockId="2.[151,1437,892,2033]" pageId="2">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4E5B4C8C5DFFA1FF3AFCA4D98B95DD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675728536" collectionCode="ZSM" county="Bottom" elevation="2013102" latitude="56.6585" location="St. George Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-167.6723" municipality="eastern Bering Sea" pageId="2" specimenCode="ZSM 20170015" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B9528D038C5DFFA1FF3AFCA4D9B09594" bold="true" box="[151,502,892,917]" pageId="2">
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Material examined:
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<typeStatus id="549DEFB38C5DFFA1FE24FCA4D9B09594" box="[393,502,892,917]" pageId="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCode id="DB80F96A8C5DFFA1FE50FCA4DAF79594" box="[509,689,892,917]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2">ZSM 20170015</specimenCode>
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, whole specimen in ethanol,
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<date id="FF9877D18C5DFFA1FC5BFCA4DCC89595" box="[1014,1166,892,916]" pageId="2" value="2013-06-28">
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||
28 June
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||
<elevation id="000BB6228C5DFFA1FBFEFCA4DCC89595" box="[1107,1166,892,916]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.013102" pageId="2" unit="m" value="2013102.0">
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||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FBFEFCA4DCC89595" box="[1107,1166,892,916]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.013102" pageId="2" unit="m" value="2013102.0">2013</quantity>
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||
</elevation>
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||
</date>
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||
, 102 m depth,
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||
<locationDeviation id="9A2B48338C5DFFA1FA9EFCA4D90F95B6" pageId="2">
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||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FA9EFCA4DDDA9594" box="[1331,1436,892,917]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1019999999999999" pageId="2" unit="km" value="110.2">110.2 km</quantity>
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||
E of Tolstoi Pt.
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||
</locationDeviation>
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||
,
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||
<location id="8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FEFAFC78DA6695B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FE0078C5DFFA5FF3AFCC8D966915A:8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FEFAFC78DA6695B9" box="[343,544,927,952]" county="Bottom" latitude="56.6585" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-167.6723" municipality="eastern Bering Sea" name="St. George Island" pageId="2">St. George Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FD80FC47DA9895B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FE0078C5DFFA5FF3AFCC8D966915A:8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FD80FC47DA9895B9" box="[557,734,927,952]" county="Bottom" latitude="56.6585" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-167.6723" municipality="eastern Bering Sea" name="Pribilof Islands" pageId="2">Pribilof Islands</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDCB6B8C5DFFA1FD41FC78DB8795B9" box="[748,961,927,952]" pageId="2">eastern Bering Sea</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FC7EFC47DC3495B6" box="[979,1138,927,952]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="56.6585">56°39.510´N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FBD2FC47DD7595B9" box="[1151,1331,927,952]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="-167.6723">167°40.338´W</geoCoordinate>
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||
).
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||
<collectingCounty id="62F8299D8C5DFFA1FAE5FC78DDDA95B6" box="[1352,1436,928,951]" pageId="2">Bottom</collectingCounty>
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||
water temperature = 1.0 °C
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5DFFA1FE74FC1CDA1795DC" bold="true" box="[473,593,964,989]" pageId="2">Paratypes</emphasis>
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||
ZSM 20170016, same collection data as holotype;
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<materialsCitation id="3B4E5B4C8C5DFFA1FB35FC1CDC2C9225" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675728539" collectingDate="2015-06-28" collectionCode="ZSM" county="Bottom" latitude="57.0138" location="Pribilof Islands" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-168.337" municipality="eastern Bering Sea" pageId="2" specimenCode="ZSM 20170017" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<specimenCode id="DB80F96A8C5DFFA1FB35FC1CDD0A95DD" box="[1176,1356,964,988]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2">ZSM 20170017</specimenCode>
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||
, whole specimen dry (sample in ethanol),
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||
<collectingDate id="EFDC8E398C5DFFA1FDBAFC30DAE99201" box="[535,687,999,1024]" pageId="2" value="2015-06-28">
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||
<date id="FF9877D18C5DFFA1FDBAFC30DAE99201" box="[535,687,999,1024]" pageId="2" value="2015-06-28">28 June 2015</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
, 80 m depth,
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||
<locationDeviation id="9A2B48338C5DFFA1FCEEFC30DCCF9201" box="[835,1161,999,1024]" pageId="2">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FCEEFC30DBD09201" box="[835,918,999,1024]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="2" unit="km" value="111.0">111 km</quantity>
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NE of St. Paul Island
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||
</locationDeviation>
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||
,
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||
<location id="8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FB39FC3FDD049201" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FE0078C5DFFA5FF3AFCC8D966915A:8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FB39FC3FDD049201" box="[1172,1346,999,1024]" county="Bottom" latitude="57.0138" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-168.337" municipality="eastern Bering Sea" name="Pribilof Islands" pageId="2">Pribilof Islands</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDCB6B8C5DFFA1FAE0FC30D95C9225" pageId="2">eastern Bering Sea</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FE9DFBD4D9929225" box="[304,468,1036,1061]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="57.0138">57°00.828´N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FE4BFBD4DAD89225" box="[486,670,1036,1061]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="-168.337">168°20.220´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F8299D8C5DFFA1FD15FBD5DB4A9225" box="[696,780,1037,1060]" pageId="2">Bottom</collectingCounty>
|
||
water temperature = 3.7 °C
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E5B4C8C5DFFA1FBD0FBD4DD12926D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675728541" collectionCode="ZSM" county="Bottom" elevation="2013117" latitude="57.00783" location="St. Paul Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-172.0352" municipality="eastern Bering Sea" pageId="2" specimenCode="ZSM 201700178" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB80F96A8C5DFFA1FBD0FBD4DD039225" box="[1149,1349,1036,1060]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2">ZSM 201700178</specimenCode>
|
||
, whole specimen dry (sample in ethanol),
|
||
<date id="FF9877D18C5DFFA1FD8BFBF7DAF89249" box="[550,702,1071,1096]" pageId="2" value="2013-07-15">
|
||
15 July
|
||
<elevation id="000BB6228C5DFFA1FD2EFBE8DAF89249" box="[643,702,1072,1096]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.013117" pageId="2" unit="m" value="2013117.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FD2EFBE8DAF89249" box="[643,702,1072,1096]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.013117" pageId="2" unit="m" value="2013117.0">2013</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 117 m depth,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A2B48338C5DFFA1FCC1FBE8DCA79246" box="[876,1249,1071,1096]" pageId="2">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FCC1FBE8DB8C9249" box="[876,970,1071,1096]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.93" pageId="2" unit="km" value="99.3">99.3 km</quantity>
|
||
WSW of Southwest Pt.
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FB43FBE8DDDE9249" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FE0078C5DFFA5FF3AFCC8D966915A:8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FB43FBE8DDDE9249" box="[1262,1432,1071,1096]" county="Bottom" latitude="57.00783" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-172.0352" municipality="eastern Bering Sea" name="St. Paul Island" pageId="2">St. Paul Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FF3AFB8CD90E926C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FE0078C5DFFA5FF3AFCC8D966915A:8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FF3AFB8CD90E926C" box="[151,328,1108,1133]" county="Bottom" latitude="57.00783" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-172.0352" municipality="eastern Bering Sea" name="Pribilof Islands" pageId="2">Pribilof Islands</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDCB6B8C5DFFA1FEFBFB8DDA69926D" box="[342,559,1108,1133]" pageId="2">eastern Bering Sea</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FDEDFB8CDAA6926D" box="[576,736,1108,1133]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="57.00783">57°00.470´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FD43FB8CDBE7926D" box="[750,929,1108,1132]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="-172.0352">172°02.112´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F8299D8C5DFFA1FC1AFB8DDC4D926D" box="[951,1035,1109,1132]" pageId="2">Bottom</collectingCounty>
|
||
water temperature = 3.6 °C
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E5B4C8C5DFFA1FACFFB8CDDC592B5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675728547" collectingDate="2015-06-28" collectionCode="ZSM" county="Bottom" latitude="57.1801" location="St. Paul Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-168.643" municipality="eastern Bering Sea" pageId="2" specimenCode="ZSM 20170019" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB80F96A8C5DFFA1FACFFB8CD9419291" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2">ZSM 20170019</specimenCode>
|
||
whole specimen dry (sample in ethanol),
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDC8E398C5DFFA1FD4AFBA0DBC59291" box="[743,899,1143,1168]" pageId="2" value="2015-06-28">
|
||
<date id="FF9877D18C5DFFA1FD4AFBA0DBC59291" box="[743,899,1143,1168]" pageId="2" value="2015-06-28">28 June 2015</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, 76 m depth,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A2B48338C5DFFA1FB8DFBA0DD71928E" box="[1056,1335,1143,1168]" pageId="2">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FB8DFBA0DC2E9291" box="[1056,1128,1143,1168]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="2" unit="km" value="91.0">91 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Polovina Pt.
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FAE9FBA0D89892B4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FE0078C5DFFA5FF3AFCC8D966915A:8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FAE9FBA0D89892B4" county="Bottom" latitude="57.1801" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-168.643" municipality="eastern Bering Sea" name="St. Paul Island" pageId="2">St. Paul Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FF44FB44D9DE92B4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FE0078C5DFFA5FF3AFCC8D966915A:8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FF44FB44D9DE92B4" box="[233,408,1180,1205]" county="Bottom" latitude="57.1801" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-168.643" municipality="eastern Bering Sea" name="Pribilof Islands" pageId="2">Pribilof Islands</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDCB6B8C5DFFA1FE0EFB45DA3092B5" box="[419,630,1180,1205]" pageId="2">eastern Bering Sea</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FD29FB44DB6792B5" box="[644,801,1180,1205]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="57.1801">57°10.806´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FC81FB44DB9B92B5" box="[812,989,1180,1205]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="-168.643">168°38.580´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F8299D8C5DFFA1FC5DFB45DC0292B5" box="[1008,1092,1181,1204]" pageId="2">Bottom</collectingCounty>
|
||
water temperature = 3.9 °C.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C5DFFA1FF6AFB67DDC59089" blockId="2.[151,1437,892,2033]" pageId="2">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E5B4C8C5DFFA1FF6AFB67DA479321" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675728554" collectingDate="2014-07-02" collectionCode="ZSM" county="eastern Bering Sea" latitude="58.0142" location="St. Paul Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-167.8189" municipality="Pribilof Islands" pageId="2" specimenCode="ZSM 20170020, ZSM 20170021" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5DFFA1FF6AFB67D9B092D9" bold="true" box="[199,502,1215,1240]" pageId="2">Other material examined</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB80F96A8C5DFFA1FE50FB18DAE892D9" box="[509,686,1216,1240]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2">ZSM 20170020</specimenCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB80F96A8C5DFFA1FD4BFB18DBDF92D9" box="[742,921,1216,1240]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2">ZSM 20170021</specimenCode>
|
||
, whole specimens dry (samples in ethanol),
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDC8E398C5DFFA1FA23FB18D94892FD" pageId="2" value="2014-07-02">
|
||
<date id="FF9877D18C5DFFA1FA23FB18D94892FD" pageId="2" value="2014-07-02">2 July 2014</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, 66 m depth,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A2B48338C5DFFA1FE6CFB3CDB5892FD" box="[449,798,1252,1277]" pageId="2">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FE6CFB3CDA5A92FC" box="[449,540,1252,1277]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" pageId="2" unit="km" value="159.0">159 km</quantity>
|
||
NE of Northeast Pt.
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FC9DFB3CDBA592FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FE0078C5DFFA5FF3AFCC8D966915A:8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FC9DFB3CDBA592FC" box="[816,995,1252,1277]" county="eastern Bering Sea" latitude="58.0142" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-167.8189" municipality="Pribilof Islands" name="St. Paul Island" pageId="2">St. Paul Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDCB6B8C5DFFA1FC58FB3CDCEC92FC" box="[1013,1194,1252,1277]" pageId="2">Pribilof Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F8299D8C5DFFA1FB11FB3DDDDA92FD" box="[1212,1436,1252,1277]" pageId="2">eastern Bering Sea</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FF32FADFD97A931E" box="[159,316,1287,1312]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="58.0142">58°00.852´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FEE5FADFD9BF9321" box="[328,505,1287,1312]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="-167.8189">167°49.134´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E5B4C8C5DFFA1FDA1FAD0DBEC9369" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675728556" collectingDate="2013-06-28" collectionCode="ZSM" county="eastern Bering Sea" latitude="56.6585" location="St. George Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-167.6723" municipality="Pribilof Islands" pageId="2" specimenCode="ZSM 20170022" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Bottom water temperature = -0.4 °C.
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB80F96A8C5DFFA1FC1CFAD0DC249321" box="[945,1122,1288,1312]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2">ZSM 20170022</specimenCode>
|
||
(4
|
||
<collectingMethod id="526729068C5DFFA1FB25FADFD8A59344" pageId="2">bases coalesced into one funnel</collectingMethod>
|
||
), whole specimen in ethanol,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDC8E398C5DFFA1FDEDFAF4DA989345" box="[576,734,1324,1348]" pageId="2" value="2013-06-28">
|
||
<date id="FF9877D18C5DFFA1FDEDFAF4DA989345" box="[576,734,1324,1348]" pageId="2" value="2013-06-28">
|
||
28 June
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FD09FAF4DA989345" box="[676,734,1324,1348]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.013102" pageId="2" unit="m" value="2013102.0">2013</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, 102 m depth,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A2B48338C5DFFA1FC3CFAF4DCFB9345" box="[913,1213,1324,1349]" pageId="2">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FC3CFAF4DBB89344" box="[913,1022,1324,1349]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1019999999999999" pageId="2" unit="km" value="110.2">110.2 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Tolstoi Pt.
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FB61FAF4DDDE9344" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FE0078C5DFFA5FF3AFCC8D966915A:8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FB61FAF4DDDE9344" box="[1228,1432,1324,1349]" county="eastern Bering Sea" latitude="56.6585" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-167.6723" municipality="Pribilof Islands" name="St. George Island" pageId="2">St. George Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDCB6B8C5DFFA1FF3AFA97D90E9369" box="[151,328,1359,1384]" pageId="2">Pribilof Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F8299D8C5DFFA1FEFBFA88DA689369" box="[342,558,1359,1384]" pageId="2">eastern Bering Sea</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FDEDFA97DAA69366" box="[576,736,1359,1384]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="56.6585">56°39.510´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FD43FA97DBE49369" box="[750,930,1359,1384]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="-167.6723">167°40.338´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E5B4C8C5DFFA1FC15FA88DBB293B1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675728560" collectionCode="ZSM" county="eastern Bering Sea" elevation="2013102" latitude="56.6585" location="St. George Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-167.6723" municipality="Pribilof Islands" pageId="2" specimenCode="ZSM 20170023" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Bottom water temperature = 1.0 °C.
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB80F96A8C5DFFA1FACFFA88D94C938D" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2">ZSM 20170023</specimenCode>
|
||
, whole specimen dry (sample in ethanol),
|
||
<date id="FF9877D18C5DFFA1FD72FAACDB30938D" box="[735,886,1396,1420]" pageId="2" value="2013-06-28">
|
||
28 June
|
||
<elevation id="000BB6228C5DFFA1FC96FAACDB30938D" box="[827,886,1396,1420]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.013102" pageId="2" unit="m" value="2013102.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FC96FAACDB30938D" box="[827,886,1396,1420]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.013102" pageId="2" unit="m" value="2013102.0">2013</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 102 m depth,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A2B48338C5DFFA1FBB5FAACDD5D938D" box="[1048,1307,1396,1421]" pageId="2">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FBB5FAACDC2A938C" box="[1048,1132,1396,1421]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" unit="km" value="110.0">110 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Tolstoi Pt.
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FA8BFAACD89893B1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FE0078C5DFFA5FF3AFCC8D966915A:8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FA8BFAACD89893B1" county="eastern Bering Sea" latitude="56.6585" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-167.6723" municipality="Pribilof Islands" name="St. George Island" pageId="2">St. George Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDCB6B8C5DFFA1FF46FA4FD9DD93B1" box="[235,411,1431,1456]" pageId="2">Pribilof Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F8299D8C5DFFA1FE05FA41DA3893B1" box="[424,638,1431,1456]" pageId="2">eastern Bering Sea</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FD23FA4FDB6B93B1" box="[654,813,1431,1456]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="56.6585">56°39.510´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FC94FA4FDBAB93B1" box="[825,1005,1431,1456]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="-167.6723">167°40.338´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E5B4C8C5DFFA1FBACFA41DBEC93F9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675728564" collectingDate="2015-06-27" collectionCode="ZSM" latitude="57.8302" location="Pribilof Islands" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-169.355" municipality="eastern Bering Sea" pageId="2" specimenCode="ZSM 20170024" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Bottom water temperature = 1.0 °C.
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB80F96A8C5DFFA1FF3AFA64D90D93D5" box="[151,331,1468,1492]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2">ZSM 20170024</specimenCode>
|
||
, whole specimen dry (sample in ethanol),
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDC8E398C5DFFA1FC8AFA64DB8693D4" box="[807,960,1468,1493]" pageId="2" value="2015-06-27">
|
||
<date id="FF9877D18C5DFFA1FC8AFA64DB8693D4" box="[807,960,1468,1493]" pageId="2" value="2015-06-27">27 June 2015</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, 66 m depth,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A2B48338C5DFFA1FBF4FA64DDDE93D4" box="[1113,1432,1468,1493]" pageId="2">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FBF4FA64DCE693D4" box="[1113,1184,1468,1493]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="2" unit="km" value="78.0">78 km</quantity>
|
||
NE of St. Paul Island
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FF3AFA07D90E93F9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FE0078C5DFFA5FF3AFCC8D966915A:8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FF3AFA07D90E93F9" box="[151,328,1503,1528]" latitude="57.8302" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-169.355" municipality="eastern Bering Sea" name="Pribilof Islands" pageId="2">Pribilof Islands</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDCB6B8C5DFFA1FEFBFA39DA6893F9" box="[342,558,1503,1528]" pageId="2">eastern Bering Sea</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FDEDFA07DAA693F9" box="[576,736,1503,1528]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="57.8302">57°49.812´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FD43FA07DBE493F9" box="[750,930,1503,1528]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="-169.355">169°21.300´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E5B4C8C5DFFA1FC15FA39DC6D9041" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675728570" collectingDate="2015-06-08" collectionCode="ZSM" latitude="56.9871" location="eastern Bering Sea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-163.387" pageId="2" specimenCode="ZSM 20170025" specimenCount="2">
|
||
Bottom water temperature = 3.6 °C.
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB80F96A8C5DFFA1FACFFA38D941901C" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2">ZSM 20170025</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D209A988C5DFFA1FEB5F9DCD9EF901C" box="[280,425,1540,1565]" pageId="2" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
), whole specimen dry (sample in ethanol),
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDC8E398C5DFFA1FC34F9DCDC61901C" box="[921,1063,1540,1565]" pageId="2" value="2015-06-08">
|
||
<date id="FF9877D18C5DFFA1FC34F9DCDC61901C" box="[921,1063,1540,1565]" pageId="2" value="2015-06-08">8 June 2015</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, 66 m depth,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A2B48338C5DFFA1FB6BF9DCD9479041" pageId="2">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FB6BF9DCDD5A901C" box="[1222,1308,1540,1565]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.11" pageId="2" unit="km" value="211.0">211 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Cape Krenitzin
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
(Alaska Peninsula),
|
||
<location id="8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FE44F9F1DAFA9041" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FE0078C5DFFA5FF3AFCC8D966915A:8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FE44F9F1DAFA9041" box="[489,700,1575,1600]" latitude="56.9871" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-163.387" name="eastern Bering Sea" pageId="2">eastern Bering Sea</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FD67F9FFDB219041" box="[714,871,1575,1600]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="56.9871">56°59.226´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FCDFF9FFDC649041" box="[882,1058,1575,1600]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="-163.387">163°23.220´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E5B4C8C5DFFA1FB9BF9F1DDC59089" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675728573" collectionCode="ZSM" county="Bottom" elevation="2015112" latitude="58.6652" location="Pribilof Islands" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-173.009" municipality="eastern Bering Sea" pageId="2" specimenCode="ZSM 20170030" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Bottom water temperature = 4.0 °C.
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB80F96A8C5DFFA1FF6EF994D9319065" box="[195,375,1612,1636]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2">ZSM 20170030</specimenCode>
|
||
, whole specimen dry (sample in ethanol),
|
||
<date id="FF9877D18C5DFFA1FCFBF994DBAD9064" box="[854,1003,1612,1637]" pageId="2" value="2015-07-13">
|
||
13 July
|
||
<elevation id="000BB6228C5DFFA1FC1DF994DBAD9064" box="[944,1003,1612,1637]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.015112" pageId="2" unit="m" value="2015112.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FC1DF994DBAD9064" box="[944,1003,1612,1637]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.015112" pageId="2" unit="m" value="2015112.0">2015</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 112 m depth,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A2B48338C5DFFA1FB3FF994D8989089" pageId="2">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FB3FF994DCAE9064" box="[1170,1256,1612,1637]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2399999999999998" pageId="2" unit="km" value="224.0">224 km</quantity>
|
||
NW of St. Paul Island
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FF44F9B7D9DE9089" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FE0078C5DFFA5FF3AFCC8D966915A:8EF907CA8C5DFFA1FF44F9B7D9DE9089" box="[233,408,1647,1672]" county="Bottom" latitude="58.6652" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-173.009" municipality="eastern Bering Sea" name="Pribilof Islands" pageId="2">Pribilof Islands</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDCB6B8C5DFFA1FE0EF9A9DA309089" box="[419,630,1647,1672]" pageId="2">eastern Bering Sea</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FD29F9B7DB679089" box="[644,801,1647,1672]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="58.6652">58°39.912´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1237D68C5DFFA1FC81F9B7DB9B9089" box="[812,989,1647,1672]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="-173.009">173°00.540´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F8299D8C5DFFA1FC5DF9A9DC029089" box="[1008,1092,1649,1672]" pageId="2">Bottom</collectingCounty>
|
||
water temperature = 2.4 °C.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C5DFFA1FF6AF94CDCF990D1" blockId="2.[151,1437,892,2033]" pageId="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5DFFA1FF6AF94CD98490AC" bold="true" box="[199,450,1684,1709]" pageId="2">Specimens collected.</emphasis>
|
||
All specimens were collected by Jerry Hoff, Bob Lauth, Dan Nichol, and Dave Somerton with a research survey bottom trawl from the FV
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5DFFA1FC98F960DB9290D1" box="[821,980,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="2">Alaska Knight</emphasis>
|
||
and FV
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5DFFA1FB9BF960DCF390D1" box="[1078,1205,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="2">Vesteraalen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C029A8C5DFFA0FF6AF904DBE693C1" lastPageId="3" pageId="2" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C5DFFA0FF6AF904DBB795A4" blockId="2.[151,1437,892,2033]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,1904]" lastPageId="3" pageId="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5DFFA1FF6AF904D91F90F4" bold="true" box="[199,345,1756,1781]" pageId="2">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is polymorphic and also grows on very different substrates. Three specimens were found growing on the carapaces of live crabs; two of the specimens were found on the same crab. The larger specimen is designated as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549DEFB38C5DFFA1FE45F8FCDA0C913C" box="[488,586,1828,1853]" pageId="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(ZSM 20170015,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D4D948C5DFFA1FCB4F8FCDB37913D" box="[793,881,1828,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plicatellopsis borealis n. sp. A, Holotype (specimen AB 13 – 0339 A) at left and paratype, AB 13 – 0339 B) at right, both growing on the carapace of the crab Hyas coarctatus. Note the orange coloured eggs under the abdominal flap of the ovigerous female of the living crab. B, Paratype (specimen AB – 0042) with a relatively long, thin stalk with root-like processes at the base. C, Paratype (specimen AB 13 – 0343), a large, massive specimen. D, Paratype (specimen AB 15 – 0045) starting from a plated-holdfast and a very short stalk branching into two large funnels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037072/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
, left) and the smaller specimen designated as one of four
|
||
<typeStatus id="549DEFB38C5DFFA1FF5CF891D91A9160" box="[241,348,1865,1889]" pageId="2" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(ZSM 20170015,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D4D948C5DFFA1FD9EF89FDAC89161" box="[563,654,1863,1888]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plicatellopsis borealis n. sp. A, Holotype (specimen AB 13 – 0339 A) at left and paratype, AB 13 – 0339 B) at right, both growing on the carapace of the crab Hyas coarctatus. Note the orange coloured eggs under the abdominal flap of the ovigerous female of the living crab. B, Paratype (specimen AB – 0042) with a relatively long, thin stalk with root-like processes at the base. C, Paratype (specimen AB 13 – 0343), a large, massive specimen. D, Paratype (specimen AB 15 – 0045) starting from a plated-holdfast and a very short stalk branching into two large funnels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037072/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
, right). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="549DEFB38C5DFFA1FC8CF89FDBC59161" box="[801,899,1863,1888]" pageId="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is attached to the crab carapace by two stalks which start at the shell with diameters of 0.6 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FD6CF8B4DB4B9185" box="[705,781,1900,1924]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" unit="cm" value="0.8">0.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
respectively. The stalk gradually broadens, converges at a height of
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FEAEF857D90991A9" box="[259,335,1935,1960]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
and then forms one single funnel with undulating walls
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FC66F848DC0F91A9" box="[971,1097,1936,1960]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" unit="cm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
thick, The largest diameter of the specimen is
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FEFEF86CD9E391CD" box="[339,421,1972,1996]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="2" unit="cm" value="4.7">4.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
, maximum height of the specimen is
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FCF0F86CDBF691CD" box="[861,944,1972,1996]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="2" unit="cm" value="9.2">9.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
. Small circular oscules are about
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5DFFA1FA94F86CDD3B91CD" box="[1337,1405,1972,1996]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and flush with the surface. The consistency is relatively soft and moderately elastic, breaking when bent under pressure. The sponge is crumbly in the dry state. The smaller specimen (
|
||
<typeStatus id="549DEFB38C5CFFA0FBAAFF40DC2A96B1" box="[1031,1132,152,176]" pageId="3" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, ZSM 20170016), growing on the same crab as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549DEFB38C5CFFA0FE09FF64DA4096D4" box="[420,518,188,213]" pageId="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
also starts from two bases,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FC92FF64DBC696D5" box="[831,896,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FC1AFF64DBBE96D5" box="[951,1016,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. The two stalks meet at a height of
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FEA9FF38D91696F6" box="[260,336,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="1.1">1.1 cm</quantity>
|
||
and grow into two broadening bodies agglutinated in the middle but not forming a single funnel. The larger body reaches a height of
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FD87FEDCDA30971D" box="[554,630,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="5.9">5.9 cm</quantity>
|
||
and a diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FCEAFEDCDBD5971D" box="[839,915,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="2.7">2.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
at the top and is closed at the top. The smaller body is
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FF5EFEF0D906973E" box="[243,320,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="4.2">4.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
in height,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FE10FEFFDA4D973E" box="[445,523,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and has an apical osculum
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FC7EFEF0DC66973E" box="[979,1056,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="0.9">0.9 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D4D948C5CFFA0FB16FEFFDD539741" box="[1211,1301,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plicatellopsis borealis n. sp. A, Holotype (specimen AB 13 – 0339 A) at left and paratype, AB 13 – 0339 B) at right, both growing on the carapace of the crab Hyas coarctatus. Note the orange coloured eggs under the abdominal flap of the ovigerous female of the living crab. B, Paratype (specimen AB – 0042) with a relatively long, thin stalk with root-like processes at the base. C, Paratype (specimen AB 13 – 0343), a large, massive specimen. D, Paratype (specimen AB 15 – 0045) starting from a plated-holdfast and a very short stalk branching into two large funnels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037072/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
, right). The third specimen also growing on a crab carapace (ZSM 20170022) has a single funnel with a maximum height of
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FAD4FE94D8FF9786" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="9.6">9.6 cm</quantity>
|
||
and supported by four separate stalks. In
|
||
<typeStatus id="549DEFB38C5CFFA0FD0DFEA8DB459789" box="[672,771,368,392]" pageId="3" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, ZSM 20170017 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D4D948C5CFFA0FC78FEB7DC689789" box="[981,1070,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plicatellopsis borealis n. sp. A, Holotype (specimen AB 13 – 0339 A) at left and paratype, AB 13 – 0339 B) at right, both growing on the carapace of the crab Hyas coarctatus. Note the orange coloured eggs under the abdominal flap of the ovigerous female of the living crab. B, Paratype (specimen AB – 0042) with a relatively long, thin stalk with root-like processes at the base. C, Paratype (specimen AB 13 – 0343), a large, massive specimen. D, Paratype (specimen AB 15 – 0045) starting from a plated-holdfast and a very short stalk branching into two large funnels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037072/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
) the stalk starts from a bulbous base, 1.5 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FEB8FE4CD92697AD" box="[277,352,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="2.3">2.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
with several root-like processes,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FD78FE4CDB0197AD" box="[725,839,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FBEDFE4CDCCA97AD" box="[1088,1164,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
long (some look broken so longer roots are likely to occur). The wiry stalk has a diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FC3CFE6FDC4897CE" box="[913,1038,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
and splits at a height of
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FAB3FE60DD2F97CE" box="[1310,1385,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="4.8">4.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
into three branches each producing a triangular plate or blade. The triangular blades are of three different sizes; the smallest
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FF50FDD8D90D9416" box="[253,331,512,536]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="7.2">7.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
in height, gradually widening from the stalk to a width of
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FC53FDD8DC0B9416" box="[1022,1101,512,536]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="7.2">7.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
at the top. The largest blade reaches a height of
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FEDDFDFCD98F943D" box="[368,457,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="11.2">11.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
and is broken at the sides so we cannot give an exact width. The thickness of all blades is rather uniform between 4 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FDB5FD90DA19945E" box="[536,607,584,607]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. In the dry state the consistency of all specimens is hard, inelastic and crumbly. The largest specimen (
|
||
<typeStatus id="549DEFB38C5CFFA0FE53FDB4DA269485" box="[510,608,620,644]" pageId="3" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
ZSM 20170018,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D4D948C5CFFA0FC8BFDB4DB3D9485" box="[806,891,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plicatellopsis borealis n. sp. A, Holotype (specimen AB 13 – 0339 A) at left and paratype, AB 13 – 0339 B) at right, both growing on the carapace of the crab Hyas coarctatus. Note the orange coloured eggs under the abdominal flap of the ovigerous female of the living crab. B, Paratype (specimen AB – 0042) with a relatively long, thin stalk with root-like processes at the base. C, Paratype (specimen AB 13 – 0343), a large, massive specimen. D, Paratype (specimen AB 15 – 0045) starting from a plated-holdfast and a very short stalk branching into two large funnels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037072/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) is massively encrusting, covering an area of
|
||
<date id="FF9877D18C5CFFA0FA2DFDB4D88F94A9" pageId="3" value="1940-10-25">40 x 25</date>
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FF45FD48D90694A6" box="[232,320,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 cm</quantity>
|
||
. It has no obvious stalks on the basal side, although they may have been removed upon collection with the trawl. The very uneven, undulating surface and the varying thickness of the specimen might be the result of several agglutinated specimens.
|
||
<typeStatus id="549DEFB38C5CFFA0FD88FD00DAC194F1" box="[549,647,728,752]" pageId="3" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
ZSM 20170019 is a funnelled specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D4D948C5CFFA0FBC8FD0FDCFB94F1" box="[1125,1213,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plicatellopsis borealis n. sp. A, Holotype (specimen AB 13 – 0339 A) at left and paratype, AB 13 – 0339 B) at right, both growing on the carapace of the crab Hyas coarctatus. Note the orange coloured eggs under the abdominal flap of the ovigerous female of the living crab. B, Paratype (specimen AB – 0042) with a relatively long, thin stalk with root-like processes at the base. C, Paratype (specimen AB 13 – 0343), a large, massive specimen. D, Paratype (specimen AB 15 – 0045) starting from a plated-holdfast and a very short stalk branching into two large funnels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037072/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
) originating from a basal plate (4.2 x 2.7 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FE0EFD24D9B49515" box="[419,498,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="0.3">0.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
) attached to the substrate, and from there gradually widens from a diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FAD4FD24D8FA9536" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="1.6">1.6 cm</quantity>
|
||
, branching near the base into two large funnels,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FD4EFCC7DB159536" box="[739,851,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="17.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="16.0">16–18 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and a height of
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FB38FCF8DD4E9536" box="[1173,1288,800,824]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="22.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="21.0">21–23 cm</quantity>
|
||
, thickness of the walls
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FEA4FC9CD9CF955D" box="[265,393,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" unit="cm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
with the largest diameter on the upper rim, walls are undulating near the upper end. The surface is irregularly scattered with circular apertures, flush with the surface and approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C5CFFA0FB62FCB0DD57957E" box="[1231,1297,872,896]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. These specimens demonstrate the variability of growth forms in this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C5CFFA0FF6AFC77D89A9331" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="3">
|
||
Skeletal architecture: The choanosomal skeleton consists, as pictured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB72CE08C5CFFA0FBA9FC68DCDF95C9" author="Burton" box="[1028,1177,944,968]" pageId="3" refString="Burton, M. (1932) Sponges. Discovery Reports, 6, 237 - 392, pls. 48 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24379" type="journal article" year="1932">Burton, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549DEFB38C5CFFA0FB5BFC68DD6095C9" box="[1270,1318,944,968]" pageId="3">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C5CFFA0FA2AFC69D95995ED" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1932" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5CFFA0FA2AFC69D95995ED" italics="true" pageId="3">P. arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C5CFFA0FEF7FC0DD9A295ED" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1932" box="[346,484,980,1004]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5CFFA0FEF7FC0DD9A295ED" box="[346,484,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="3">P. flabellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of polyspicular tracts running longitudinally through the center of the plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D4D948C5CFFA0FAC2FC0CD8FD9211" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plicatellopsis borealis n. sp. A, Section perpendicular to the surface. Dark band on the left consists of a palisade of the smaller tylostyle category. This ectosomal palisade is supported by ascending polyspicular tracts which are rising from polyspicular tracts running parallel to the surface through the center of the funnel walls (slightly oblique on the right side). Scale bar is 100 µm. B, Ascending polyspicular tracts of large tylostyles and ectosomal palisade of smaller tylostyles. Scale bar is 100 µm. C, Large and small tylostyles in spicule preparation. Scale bar is 100 µm. D, Blunt ends of large and small (subtylo) styles. Scale bar is 100 µm. E, Large choanosomal tylostyles. Complete tylostyle from upper right to lower left. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Two small ectosomal tylostyles. Blunt end of large tylostyle at upper left. Scale bar is 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037074/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
, right). Exactly like the definition of the genus, given by Van Soest (2002, p. 232), this axially condensed skeleton of tylostyles supports an extra-axial skeleton of spicule tracts from the central axis to the surface. These extra-axial tracts diverge obliquely to the surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D4D948C5CFFA0FD7AFBE7DB779259" box="[727,817,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plicatellopsis borealis n. sp. A, Section perpendicular to the surface. Dark band on the left consists of a palisade of the smaller tylostyle category. This ectosomal palisade is supported by ascending polyspicular tracts which are rising from polyspicular tracts running parallel to the surface through the center of the funnel walls (slightly oblique on the right side). Scale bar is 100 µm. B, Ascending polyspicular tracts of large tylostyles and ectosomal palisade of smaller tylostyles. Scale bar is 100 µm. C, Large and small tylostyles in spicule preparation. Scale bar is 100 µm. D, Blunt ends of large and small (subtylo) styles. Scale bar is 100 µm. E, Large choanosomal tylostyles. Complete tylostyle from upper right to lower left. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Two small ectosomal tylostyles. Blunt end of large tylostyle at upper left. Scale bar is 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037074/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
, left), fanning out at the surface to form brushes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D4D948C5CFFA0FAC2FBE7D8FC927D" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plicatellopsis borealis n. sp. A, Section perpendicular to the surface. Dark band on the left consists of a palisade of the smaller tylostyle category. This ectosomal palisade is supported by ascending polyspicular tracts which are rising from polyspicular tracts running parallel to the surface through the center of the funnel walls (slightly oblique on the right side). Scale bar is 100 µm. B, Ascending polyspicular tracts of large tylostyles and ectosomal palisade of smaller tylostyles. Scale bar is 100 µm. C, Large and small tylostyles in spicule preparation. Scale bar is 100 µm. D, Blunt ends of large and small (subtylo) styles. Scale bar is 100 µm. E, Large choanosomal tylostyles. Complete tylostyle from upper right to lower left. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Two small ectosomal tylostyles. Blunt end of large tylostyle at upper left. Scale bar is 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037074/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The surface skeleton consists, again as requested by the definition of the genus of Van Soest, 2002, of “a dense palisade of smaller spicules”. Due to the high spicule density the consistency of the stalk is wiry. Here polyspicular tracts with diameters of 70–110 µm run longitudinally through the stalk, in between the tracts are many spicules without recognizable orientation. Spaces between tracts vary between 160–350 µm. In addition, there is a smaller category of spicules forming a palisade at the surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D4D948C5CFFA0FCA4FB2CDB22930D" box="[777,868,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plicatellopsis borealis n. sp. A, Section perpendicular to the surface. Dark band on the left consists of a palisade of the smaller tylostyle category. This ectosomal palisade is supported by ascending polyspicular tracts which are rising from polyspicular tracts running parallel to the surface through the center of the funnel walls (slightly oblique on the right side). Scale bar is 100 µm. B, Ascending polyspicular tracts of large tylostyles and ectosomal palisade of smaller tylostyles. Scale bar is 100 µm. C, Large and small tylostyles in spicule preparation. Scale bar is 100 µm. D, Blunt ends of large and small (subtylo) styles. Scale bar is 100 µm. E, Large choanosomal tylostyles. Complete tylostyle from upper right to lower left. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Two small ectosomal tylostyles. Blunt end of large tylostyle at upper left. Scale bar is 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037074/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
, dark area on the left,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D4D948C5CFFA0FBC5FB2CDC86930D" box="[1128,1216,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plicatellopsis borealis n. sp. A, Section perpendicular to the surface. Dark band on the left consists of a palisade of the smaller tylostyle category. This ectosomal palisade is supported by ascending polyspicular tracts which are rising from polyspicular tracts running parallel to the surface through the center of the funnel walls (slightly oblique on the right side). Scale bar is 100 µm. B, Ascending polyspicular tracts of large tylostyles and ectosomal palisade of smaller tylostyles. Scale bar is 100 µm. C, Large and small tylostyles in spicule preparation. Scale bar is 100 µm. D, Blunt ends of large and small (subtylo) styles. Scale bar is 100 µm. E, Large choanosomal tylostyles. Complete tylostyle from upper right to lower left. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Two small ectosomal tylostyles. Blunt end of large tylostyle at upper left. Scale bar is 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037074/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
, darker area on the right).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C5CFFA0FF6AFAE4DBE693C1" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5CFFA0FF6AFAE4D9269354" bold="true" box="[199,352,1340,1365]" pageId="3">Megascleres.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicules are fusiform subtylostyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D4D948C5CFFA0FD53FAE4DB139355" box="[766,853,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plicatellopsis borealis n. sp. A, Section perpendicular to the surface. Dark band on the left consists of a palisade of the smaller tylostyle category. This ectosomal palisade is supported by ascending polyspicular tracts which are rising from polyspicular tracts running parallel to the surface through the center of the funnel walls (slightly oblique on the right side). Scale bar is 100 µm. B, Ascending polyspicular tracts of large tylostyles and ectosomal palisade of smaller tylostyles. Scale bar is 100 µm. C, Large and small tylostyles in spicule preparation. Scale bar is 100 µm. D, Blunt ends of large and small (subtylo) styles. Scale bar is 100 µm. E, Large choanosomal tylostyles. Complete tylostyle from upper right to lower left. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Two small ectosomal tylostyles. Blunt end of large tylostyle at upper left. Scale bar is 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037074/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
), often almost looking like styles, sometimes with a subterminal ring (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D4D948C5CFFA0FEC6FA87D98F9379" box="[363,457,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plicatellopsis borealis n. sp. A, Section perpendicular to the surface. Dark band on the left consists of a palisade of the smaller tylostyle category. This ectosomal palisade is supported by ascending polyspicular tracts which are rising from polyspicular tracts running parallel to the surface through the center of the funnel walls (slightly oblique on the right side). Scale bar is 100 µm. B, Ascending polyspicular tracts of large tylostyles and ectosomal palisade of smaller tylostyles. Scale bar is 100 µm. C, Large and small tylostyles in spicule preparation. Scale bar is 100 µm. D, Blunt ends of large and small (subtylo) styles. Scale bar is 100 µm. E, Large choanosomal tylostyles. Complete tylostyle from upper right to lower left. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Two small ectosomal tylostyles. Blunt end of large tylostyle at upper left. Scale bar is 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037074/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
, center), sometimes more easily recognisable as tylostyles. The small category of tylostyles forms the ectosomal palisade, the large category is found in the spicule tracts. Large tylostyles, 445–553
|
||
<date id="FF9877D18C5CFFA0FF3AFA71D8B493C1" box="[151,242,1448,1472]" pageId="3" value="2014-10-24">x 14–24</date>
|
||
µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D4D948C5CFFA0FE83FA7FD9C293C1" box="[302,388,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plicatellopsis borealis n. sp. A, Section perpendicular to the surface. Dark band on the left consists of a palisade of the smaller tylostyle category. This ectosomal palisade is supported by ascending polyspicular tracts which are rising from polyspicular tracts running parallel to the surface through the center of the funnel walls (slightly oblique on the right side). Scale bar is 100 µm. B, Ascending polyspicular tracts of large tylostyles and ectosomal palisade of smaller tylostyles. Scale bar is 100 µm. C, Large and small tylostyles in spicule preparation. Scale bar is 100 µm. D, Blunt ends of large and small (subtylo) styles. Scale bar is 100 µm. E, Large choanosomal tylostyles. Complete tylostyle from upper right to lower left. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Two small ectosomal tylostyles. Blunt end of large tylostyle at upper left. Scale bar is 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037074/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
, small tylostyles, 165–270
|
||
<date id="FF9877D18C5CFFA0FD1BFA71DB4793C1" box="[694,769,1448,1472]" pageId="3" value="2011-10-09">x 9–11</date>
|
||
µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D4D948C5CFFA0FC93FA7FDBD593C1" box="[830,915,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1561]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plicatellopsis borealis n. sp. A, Section perpendicular to the surface. Dark band on the left consists of a palisade of the smaller tylostyle category. This ectosomal palisade is supported by ascending polyspicular tracts which are rising from polyspicular tracts running parallel to the surface through the center of the funnel walls (slightly oblique on the right side). Scale bar is 100 µm. B, Ascending polyspicular tracts of large tylostyles and ectosomal palisade of smaller tylostyles. Scale bar is 100 µm. C, Large and small tylostyles in spicule preparation. Scale bar is 100 µm. D, Blunt ends of large and small (subtylo) styles. Scale bar is 100 µm. E, Large choanosomal tylostyles. Complete tylostyle from upper right to lower left. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Two small ectosomal tylostyles. Blunt end of large tylostyle at upper left. Scale bar is 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037074/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C029A8C5CFFA6FF6AFA14DC019143" lastPageId="5" pageId="3" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C5CFFA0FF6AFA14DC799171" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5CFFA0FF6AFA14D90A93E4" bold="true" box="[199,332,1484,1509]" pageId="3">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
The WPD lists five species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C5CFFA0FD15FA14DB1793E5" authorityName=", Burton" authorityYear="1932" box="[696,849,1484,1508]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5CFFA0FD15FA14DB1793E5" box="[696,849,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="3">Plicatellopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
worldwide, all from the southern hemisphere (Van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB72CE08C5CFFA0FF3AFA28D9109009" author="Soest" box="[151,342,1520,1544]" pageId="3" refString="Soest, R. W. M ,, Van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K, de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Cristina Diaz, M. & Cardenas, P. (2017) World Porifera database. Avaliable from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (Accessed 29 Jan. 2016)" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5CFFA0FF77FA29D94C9009" box="[218,266,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Aside from obvious zoogeographical reasons the new species differs from the other five in sizes of the tylostyle categories (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A464AA8C5CFFA0FE66F9CCDA66902D" box="[459,544,1556,1581]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,296,319]" captionText="TABLE 1. Selected characters of all known species of Plicatellopsis. All measurements are presented in µm unless otherwise noted." pageId="3">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="549DEFB38C5CFFA0FDC3F9CDDAD8902C" box="[622,670,1557,1581]" pageId="3">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C5CFFA0FCA4F9CCDC96902D" authority="Burton, 1932" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1932" box="[777,1232,1556,1580]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5CFFA0FCA4F9CCDC74902D" box="[777,1074,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3">Plicatellopsis arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB72CE08C5CFFA0FB97F9CDDC96902D" author="Burton" box="[1082,1232,1556,1580]" pageId="3" refString="Burton, M. (1932) Sponges. Discovery Reports, 6, 237 - 392, pls. 48 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24379" type="journal article" year="1932">Burton, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the new one presented here are the only stalked species known in the genus. Tyles of the tylostyles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C5CFFA0FB33F9E1DD519051" authorityName="Lehnert & Stone" authorityYear="2017" box="[1182,1303,1592,1616]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5CFFA0FB33F9E1DD519051" box="[1182,1303,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="3">P. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are weakly developed and only in a few spicules easily recognizable. This seems to be true for other species as well:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB72CE08C5CFFA0FAEAF985D8899099" author="Burton" pageId="3" refString="Burton, M. (1932) Sponges. Discovery Reports, 6, 237 - 392, pls. 48 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24379" type="journal article" year="1932">Burton, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported styles for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549DEFB38C5CFFA0FE62F959D9B99098" box="[463,511,1665,1689]" pageId="3">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species in his original description while a re-examination revealed tylostyles (after Van Soest, 2002, p. 234). In fact when introducing the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C5CFFA0FCE5F97CDBA690BD" authorityName=", Burton" authorityYear="1932" box="[840,992,1700,1724]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5CFFA0FCE5F97CDBA690BD" box="[840,992,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3">Plicatellopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in 1932 Burton published a drawing of the skeletal architecture which resembles so closely the skeletal architecture of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C5CFFA0FBB6F911DCD590E1" authorityName="Lehnert & Stone" authorityYear="2017" box="[1051,1171,1736,1760]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5CFFA0FBB6F911DC6F90E1" box="[1051,1065,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5CFFA0FB95F910DCD590E1" box="[1080,1171,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3">borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that it could have been drawn from sections of the species described here (compare
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB72CE08C5CFFA0FCEEF935DB9D9105" author="Burton" box="[835,987,1772,1796]" pageId="3" refString="Burton, M. (1932) Sponges. Discovery Reports, 6, 237 - 392, pls. 48 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24379" type="journal article" year="1932">Burton, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 332, Figs. 36A & B).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB72CE08C5CFFA0FB51F934DDDA9104" author="Koltun" box="[1276,1436,1772,1797]" pageId="3" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges of the Antarctic. 1: Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongida. In: Pavlovskii, E. P., Andriyashev, A. P. & Ushakov, P. V. (Eds.), Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955 - 1958). 2 (10). Akademya Nauk SSSR, S. Monson, Jerusalem, pp. 6 - 133, 443 - 448. [English translation, 1966, Israel Program for Scientific Translations]" type="journal article" year="1964">Koltun (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
made his description on fragments and mentions that intact specimens must be funnel-shaped but did not describe a stalk, so we assume there was no stalk present. His species is described as friable which differs from the species described by us which is, even in the dry state, quite resilient and somewhat elastic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5901998C5BFFA7FF3AF915DB33915C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037072/files/figure.png" pageId="4" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1719]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C5BFFA7FF3AF915DB33915C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1741,1885]" pageId="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5BFFA7FF3AF915D95290E3" bold="true" box="[151,276,1741,1763]" pageId="4">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C5BFFA7FEB6F915D9B990E2" authority="Lehnert & Stone, 2017" authorityName="Lehnert & Stone" authorityYear="2017" box="[283,511,1741,1763]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="borealis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5BFFA7FEB6F915D9B990E2" box="[283,511,1741,1763]" italics="true" pageId="4">Plicatellopsis borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26130788C5BFFA7FDABF915DA0690E3" box="[518,576,1741,1762]" pageId="4" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5BFFA7FDABF915DA0690E3" bold="true" box="[518,576,1741,1762]" pageId="4">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, Holotype (specimen AB13–0339A) at left and paratype, AB13–0339B) at right, both growing on the carapace of the crab
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C5BFFA7FDFCF935DABE9103" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[593,760,1773,1794]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oregoniidae" genus="Hyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coarctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5BFFA7FDFCF935DABE9103" box="[593,760,1773,1794]" italics="true" pageId="4">Hyas coarctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Note the orange coloured eggs under the abdominal flap of the ovigerous female of the living crab. B, Paratype (specimen AB–0042) with a relatively long, thin stalk with root-like processes at the base. C, Paratype (specimen AB13–0343), a large, massive specimen. D, Paratype (specimen AB15–0045) starting from a plated-holdfast and a very short stalk branching into two large funnels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5901998C5AFFA6FF3AF9F6DD4090FD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037074/files/figure.png" pageId="5" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1561]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C5AFFA6FF3AF9F6DD4090FD" blockId="5.[151,1436,1582,1788]" pageId="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5AFFA6FF3AF9F6D9549042" bold="true" box="[151,274,1582,1604]" pageId="5">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C5AFFA6FEB5F9F6D9BF9045" authority="Lehnert & Stone, 2017" authorityName="Lehnert & Stone" authorityYear="2017" box="[280,505,1582,1604]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="borealis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5AFFA6FEB5F9F6D9BF9045" box="[280,505,1582,1604]" italics="true" pageId="5">Plicatellopsis borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26130788C5AFFA6FE52F9F7DA7E9045" box="[511,568,1583,1604]" pageId="5" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5AFFA6FE52F9F7DA7E9045" bold="true" box="[511,568,1583,1604]" pageId="5">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, Section perpendicular to the surface. Dark band on the left consists of a palisade of the smaller tylostyle category. This ectosomal palisade is supported by ascending polyspicular tracts which are rising from polyspicular tracts running parallel to the surface through the center of the funnel walls (slightly oblique on the right side). Scale bar is 100 µm. B, Ascending polyspicular tracts of large tylostyles and ectosomal palisade of smaller tylostyles. Scale bar is 100 µm. C, Large and small tylostyles in spicule preparation. Scale bar is 100 µm. D, Blunt ends of large and small (subtylo)styles. Scale bar is 100µm. E, Large choanosomal tylostyles. Complete tylostyle from upper right to lower left. Scale bar is 100 µm. F, Two small ectosomal tylostyles. Blunt end of large tylostyle at upper left. Scale bar is 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C5AFFA6FF3AF8F1DC019143" blockId="5.[151,1095,1833,1858]" box="[151,1095,1833,1858]" pageId="5">
|
||
The new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C5AFFA6FF52F8F1D9D19140" authorityName=", Burton" authorityYear="1932" box="[255,407,1833,1857]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5AFFA6FF52F8F1D9D19140" box="[255,407,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="5">Plicatellopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from other congeners in the following characteristics:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C029A8C5AFFA5FF3AF8AAD934924F" lastPageId="6" pageId="5" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C5AFFA6FF3AF8AADDDA91D3" blockId="5.[151,1436,1905,2038]" pageId="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C5AFFA6FF3AF8AADA1D918B" authority="(Carter, 1876) (Antarctica)" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1876" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[151,603,1905,1930]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5AFFA6FF3AF8AAD8E39188" box="[151,165,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="5">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5AFFA6FF1EF8AAD9639188" box="[179,293,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="5">antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB72CE08C5AFFA6FE9EF8A9D987918B" author="Carter" box="[307,449,1905,1930]" pageId="5" refString="Carter, H. J. (1876) Descriptions and Figures of Deep-Sea Sponges and their Spicules, from the Atlantic Ocean, dredged up on board H. M. S. " Porcupine ", chiefly in 1989 (concluded). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 18 (105 - 108), 226 - 240; 307 - 324; 388 - 410; 458 - 479, pls. XII - XVI." type="journal article" year="1876">Carter, 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33111818C5AFFA6FE75F8A9DA15918B" box="[472,595,1905,1930]" name="Antarctica" pageId="5">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, “leaden grey colour”, only one category of tylostyles.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C5AFFA6FF3AF84ED99291AC" authority="Burton, 1932" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,468,1941,1965]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5AFFA6FF3AF84ED97C91AC" box="[151,314,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="5">P. arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB72CE08C5AFFA6FEECF84ED99291AC" author="Burton" box="[321,468,1941,1965]" pageId="5" refString="Burton, M. (1932) Sponges. Discovery Reports, 6, 237 - 392, pls. 48 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24379" type="journal article" year="1932">Burton, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33111818C5AFFA6FE4EF84CDAE791AC" box="[483,673,1940,1965]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="5">Falkland Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
), dichotomously branched, both categories of tylostyles are larger.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C5AFFA6FF3AF862DA5991D3" authority="(Thiele, 1905) (Chile)" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[151,543,1977,2002]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="expansa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5AFFA6FF3AF862D8E391D0" box="[151,165,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="5">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C5AFFA6FF1AF862D95591D0" box="[183,275,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="5">expansa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB72CE08C5AFFA6FE8BF861D9FD91D3" author="Thiele" box="[294,443,1977,2002]" pageId="5" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher Supplement 6 (Fauna Chiliensis III), 407 - 496, pls. 27 - 33." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33111818C5AFFA6FE78F861DA5191D3" box="[469,535,1977,2002]" name="Chile" pageId="5">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, plate-shaped, intermediate-sized categories of spicules present, both spicule
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C5AFFA6FF6AF805D9E991F7" blockId="5.[151,1436,1905,2038]" box="[199,431,2013,2038]" pageId="5">categories are larger.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C59FFA5FF3AFF41D9D496D5" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C59FFA5FF3AFF41D9F196B1" authority="Burton, 1932" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,439,152,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FF3AFF41D8E396B1" box="[151,165,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="6">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FF1FFF40D95896B1" box="[178,286,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6">flabellata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB72CE08C59FFA5FE89FF40D9F196B1" author="Burton" box="[292,439,152,176]" pageId="6" refString="Burton, M. (1932) Sponges. Discovery Reports, 6, 237 - 392, pls. 48 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24379" type="journal article" year="1932">Burton, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Falkland Islands), flabellate growth form, smaller and thinner spicules, third category of tylostyles present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C59FFA5FF3AFF39DC9C96F9" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,248]" box="[151,1242,223,248]" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C59FFA5FF3AFF39DA7696F9" authority="Koltun, 1964" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,560,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FF3AFF39D8E396F9" box="[151,165,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="6">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FF1EFF38D94296F9" box="[179,260,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6">fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB72CE08C59FFA5FEA7FF07D9D896F9" author="Koltun" box="[266,414,223,248]" pageId="6" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges of the Antarctic. 1: Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongida. In: Pavlovskii, E. P., Andriyashev, A. P. & Ushakov, P. V. (Eds.), Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955 - 1958). 2 (10). Akademya Nauk SSSR, S. Monson, Jerusalem, pp. 6 - 133, 443 - 448. [English translation, 1966, Israel Program for Scientific Translations]" type="journal article" year="1964">Koltun, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Antarctica)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, probably no stalk, friable, both categories of spicules larger.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5901998C59FFA5FF3AFEF0D90E975E" pageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C59FFA5FF3AFEF0D90E975E" blockId="6.[151,1436,295,351]" pageId="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FF3AFEF0D94B973E" bold="true" box="[151,269,296,319]" pageId="6">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Selected characters of all known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C59FFA5FCACFEFFDBD4973E" authorityName=", Burton" authorityYear="1932" box="[769,914,295,319]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FCACFEFFDBD4973E" box="[769,914,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="6">Plicatellopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All measurements are presented in µm unless otherwise noted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C59FFA5FF32FEA2DD4D95DB" pageId="6">
|
||
<table id="F926A3B18C59005CFF32FEA2DDC095F9" box="[159,1414,378,1016]" gridcols="5" gridrows="7" pageId="6">
|
||
<tr id="351653538C59005CFF32FEA2DDC09791" box="[159,1414,378,400]" gridrow="0" pageId="6">
|
||
<th id="76C73A2F8C59005CFF32FEA2D97A9791" box="[159,316,378,400]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6">Species</th>
|
||
<th id="76C73A2F8C59005CFEF8FEA2DABA9791" box="[341,764,378,400]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6">Description</th>
|
||
<th id="76C73A2F8C59005CFCBFFEA2DBAC9791" box="[786,1002,378,400]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6">large styles</th>
|
||
<th id="76C73A2F8C59005CFBAFFEA2DCEC9791" box="[1026,1194,378,400]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6">small styles</th>
|
||
<th id="76C73A2F8C59005CFB77FEA2DDC09791" box="[1242,1414,378,400]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6">other</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351653538C59005CFF32FE7BDDC097F6" box="[159,1414,419,503]" gridrow="1" pageId="6">
|
||
<th id="76C73A2F8C59005CFF32FE7BD97A97F6" box="[159,316,419,503]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C59FFA5FF32FE7BD96B97D9" authority="(Carter, 1876)" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1876" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[159,301,419,472]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FF32FE7BD94E97B8" bold="true" box="[159,264,419,441]" italics="true" pageId="6">antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
(Carter, 1876)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFEF8FE7BDABA97F6" box="[341,764,419,503]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6">“of leaden grey colour” 74.5°S, 377 m depth</td>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFCBFFE7BDBAC97F6" box="[786,1002,419,503]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6">tylostyles, no measurements (Note 1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFBAFFE7BDCEC97F6" box="[1026,1194,419,503]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6">none</td>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFB77FE7BDDC097F6" box="[1242,1414,419,503]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6">none</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351653538C59005CFF32FDD2DDC0943E" box="[159,1414,522,575]" gridrow="2" pageId="6">
|
||
<th id="76C73A2F8C59005CFF32FDD2D97A943E" box="[159,316,522,575]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C59FFA5FF32FDD2D963943E" authority="Burton, 1932" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1932" box="[159,293,522,575]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FF32FDD2D95A9421" bold="true" box="[159,284,522,544]" italics="true" pageId="6">arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
Burton, 1932
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFEF8FDD2DABA943E" box="[341,764,522,575]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6">erect, dichotomously branched, brown. Falkland Islands, 129–144 m depth</td>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFCBFFDD2DBAC943E" box="[786,1002,522,575]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6">650 x 25</td>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFBAFFDD2DCEC943E" box="[1026,1194,522,575]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6">280 x 7</td>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFB77FDD2DDC0943E" box="[1242,1414,522,575]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6">none</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351653538C59005CFF32FD8ADDC094C5" box="[159,1414,594,708]" gridrow="3" pageId="6">
|
||
<th id="76C73A2F8C59005CFF32FD8AD97A94C5" box="[159,316,594,708]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C59FFA5FF32FD8BD9699486" authority="(Thiele, 1905)" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[159,303,595,647]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="expansa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FF32FD8BD8B39469" bold="true" box="[159,245,595,616]" italics="true" pageId="6">expansa</emphasis>
|
||
(Thiele, 1905)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFEF8FD8ADABA94C5" box="[341,764,594,708]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6">irregularly formed upright plate, approximately 7–8 cm in height and twice that in length, while thickness is 1cm, … whitish in conservative (Note 2)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFCBFFD8ADBAC94C5" box="[786,1002,594,708]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6">500–800 x 18, intermediates present</td>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFBAFFD8ADCEC94C5" box="[1026,1194,594,708]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6">styles/tylostyles, 250–300 x 6–7</td>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFB77FD8ADDC094C5" box="[1242,1414,594,708]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6">none</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351653538C59005CFF32FD0FDDC0952A" box="[159,1414,727,811]" gridrow="4" pageId="6">
|
||
<th id="76C73A2F8C59005CFF32FD0FD97A952A" box="[159,316,727,811]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C59FFA5FF32FD0FD963950D" authority="Burton, 1932" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1932" box="[159,293,727,780]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FF32FD0FD94794EC" bold="true" box="[159,257,727,749]" italics="true" pageId="6">flabellata</emphasis>
|
||
Burton, 1932
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFEF8FD0FDABA952A" box="[341,764,727,811]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6">irregularly flabellate, somewhat plicated, brown. Falkland Islands, 74–75 m depth</td>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFCBFFD0FDBAC952A" box="[786,1002,727,811]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6">400 x 14</td>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFBAFFD0FDCEC952A" box="[1026,1194,727,811]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6">200 x 3</td>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFB77FD0FDDC0952A" box="[1242,1414,727,811]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6">tylostyles - long, slender, flexuous (2000 x 10)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351653538C59005CFF32FCE6DDC095B1" box="[159,1414,830,944]" gridrow="5" pageId="6">
|
||
<th id="76C73A2F8C59005CFF32FCE6D97A95B1" box="[159,316,830,944]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C59FFA5FF32FCE6D8949572" authority="Koltun, 1964" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1964" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FF32FCE6D8AC9555" bold="true" box="[159,234,830,852]" italics="true" pageId="6">fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
Koltun, 1964
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFEF8FCE6DABA95B1" box="[341,764,830,944]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6">lamellar, notably friable, up to 6 cm in height. Intact specimens Noted as funnel- shaped. Antarctic shores, 470–1625 m depth (Note 3)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFCBFFCE6DBAC95B1" box="[786,1002,830,944]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6">styles and subtylostyles, 550–800 x 20–30</td>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFBAFFCE6DCEC95B1" box="[1026,1194,830,944]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6">styles to subtylostyles, 250–380 x 6–11</td>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFB77FCE6DDC095B1" box="[1242,1414,830,944]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6">none</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351653538C59005CFF32FC1BDDC095F9" box="[159,1414,963,1016]" gridrow="6" pageId="6">
|
||
<th id="76C73A2F8C59005CFF32FC1BD97A95F9" box="[159,316,963,1016]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C59FFA5FF32FC1BD8B495D8" authority="Lehnert & Stone, 2017" authorityName="Lehnert & Stone" authorityYear="2017" box="[159,242,963,985]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="borealis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FF32FC1BD8B495D8" bold="true" box="[159,242,963,985]" italics="true" pageId="6">borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26130788C59FFA5FF55FC1DD96995DB" box="[248,303,965,986]" pageId="6" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFEF8FC1BDABA95F9" box="[341,764,963,1016]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6">typically stalked, funnel-shaped, brown, Bering Sea, 66–117 m depth</td>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFCBFFC1BDBAC95F9" box="[786,1002,963,1016]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6">445–550 x 14–24</td>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFBAFFC1BDCEC95F9" box="[1026,1194,963,1016]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6">165–270 x 9–11</td>
|
||
<td id="76C73A2F8C59005CFB77FC1BDDC095F9" box="[1242,1414,963,1016]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6">none</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C59FFA5FF3AFBC2D934924F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1049,1163]" pageId="6">Note 1: “possessing a pin-like spicule, in which the head is for the part spherical and much larger than any other part of the spicule” (p. 391–392)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C029A8C59FFA5FF3AFB8FDBD5928A" pageId="6" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C59FFA5FF3AFB8FD9C7926D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1049,1163]" box="[151,385,1110,1132]" pageId="6">Note 2: Our translation</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C59FFA5FF3AFBAEDBD5928A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1049,1163]" box="[151,915,1141,1163]" pageId="6">Note 3: translated from Russian (Israel Program for Scientific Translations)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C029A8C59FFA5FF6AFB6FDAFF9112" pageId="6" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C59FFA5FF6AFB6FDAFF9112" blockId="6.[151,1437,1207,1883]" pageId="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FF6AFB6FD9B292D1" bold="true" box="[199,500,1207,1232]" pageId="6">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Apparently a common and widespread species ranging over more than
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C59FFA5FA8FFB6FDD3E92D1" box="[1314,1400,1207,1232]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" unit="km" value="600.0">600 km</quantity>
|
||
on the eastern Bering Sea shelf in habitats of mixed unconsolidated sediments (pebble, sand, shell). Found at depths between 66 and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D209A988C59FFA5FEFFFAD8D9E69316" box="[338,416,1280,1304]" pageId="6" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C59FFA5FEFFFAD8D9DA9316" box="[338,412,1280,1304]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="6" unit="m" value="117.0">117 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
Attached to pebbles, shell including the whelk
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C59FFA5FC6DFAD9DD0B9319" authority="Gmelin, 1791" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[960,1357,1279,1304]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Neptunea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ventricosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FC6DFAD9DCEF9316" box="[960,1193,1280,1304]" italics="true" pageId="6">Neptunea ventricosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB72CE08C59FFA5FB1CFB27DD0B9319" author="Gmelin" box="[1201,1357,1279,1304]" pageId="6" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Vermes. In: Gmelin, J. F. (Ed.), Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae. Tome 1 (6). Ed. 10. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae, pp. 3021 - 3910." type="journal article" year="1791">Gmelin, 1791</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and to the carapace of ovigerous Arctic lyre crabs (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C59FFA5FD37FAFDDBA8933C" authority="Leach, 1815" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[666,1006,1316,1341]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oregoniidae" genus="Hyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coarctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FD37FAFDDB14933D" box="[666,850,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="6">Hyas coarctatus</emphasis>
|
||
Leach, 1815
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Female lyre crabs, like other spider crabs (family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C59FFA5FE99FA9FD9D39361" authorityName="Samouelle" authorityYear="1819" box="[308,405,1351,1376]" class="Malacostraca" family="Majidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Majidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), have a terminal molt at maturity and may then carry epibionts like sponges with them for the remainder of their life. Little is known about the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C59FFA5FCC3FAB5DC419385" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[878,1031,1389,1412]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oregoniidae" genus="Hyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coarctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FCC3FAB5DBC49385" box="[878,898,1389,1412]" italics="true" pageId="6">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FC3FFAB5DC419385" box="[914,1031,1389,1412]" italics="true" pageId="6">coarctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but females are thought to produce two clutches of eggs after the terminal molt with each clutch taking just under one year to hatch (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB72CE08C59FFA5FB4FFA57DDD793A9" author="Wicksten" box="[1250,1425,1423,1448]" pageId="6" refString="Wicksten, M. (2010) Arctic Ocean Diversity. Arctic lyre crab: Hyas coarctatus (Leach, 1815). Available from: http: // www. arcodiv. org / seabottom / Crustaceans / decapods / Hyas _ coarctatus. html (accessed 26 September 2017)" type="journal article" year="2010">Wicksten 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The two crabs had moderately worn (old-shell, 13–24 months post ecdysis shell age of Jademec
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FABEFA6DDD0993CD" box="[1299,1359,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999) carapaces (each
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C59FFA5FEFCFA0FD9F093EE" box="[337,438,1495,1520]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.36" pageId="6" unit="mm" value="33.6">33.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width) and had clutches of new (orange and uneyed) eggs. The sponges on the crabs ranged from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C59FFA5FE86FA24D9869015" box="[299,448,1532,1557]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="6" unit="mm" value="83.0" valueMax="96.0" valueMin="70.0">70 to 96 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height, possibly representing a single cohort (i.e. year class). Juvenile but not adult Arctic lyre crabs are known to decorate their carapaces (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB72CE08C59FFA5FCA2F9C7DBFD9039" author="Wicksten" box="[783,955,1567,1592]" pageId="6" refString="Wicksten, M. (2010) Arctic Ocean Diversity. Arctic lyre crab: Hyas coarctatus (Leach, 1815). Available from: http: // www. arcodiv. org / seabottom / Crustaceans / decapods / Hyas _ coarctatus. html (accessed 26 September 2017)" type="journal article" year="2010">Wicksten 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the local congener,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C59FFA5FB7EF9F9DD059039" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[1235,1347,1568,1592]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oregoniidae" genus="Hyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lyratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FB7EF9F9DCA19039" box="[1235,1255,1569,1592]" italics="true" pageId="6">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FB58F9F8DD059039" box="[1269,1347,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="6">lyratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, carries few or no decorations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB72CE08C59FFA5FE3AF99CDA65905C" author="Jensen" box="[407,547,1604,1629]" pageId="6" refString="Jensen, G. C. (1995) Pacific Coast Crabs and Shrimps. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 87 pp." type="book" year="1995">Jensen 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) so we assume that the sponges settled directly on the crabs. So the sponges are either relatively fast growing (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C59FFA5FE47F9B2DA239083" box="[490,613,1642,1667]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="6" unit="mm" value="83.0" valueMax="96.0" valueMin="70.0">70–96 mm</quantity>
|
||
year -1) or the life history information for the crabs is not accurate and the sponges grow more slowly. For example, female Arctic spider crabs (H.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C59FFA5FB8BF948DCC690A6" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1062,1152,1680,1703]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oregoniidae" genus="Hyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FB8BF948DCC690A6" box="[1062,1152,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="6">araneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) carry egg masses for approximately two years (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB72CE08C59FFA5FE13F96ADAD890CA" author="Schiffer" box="[446,670,1714,1739]" pageId="6" refString="Schiffer, M., Harms, L., P ortner, H. O., Mark, F. C. & Storch, D. (2014) Pre-hatching seawater p CO 2 affects development and survival of zoea stages of Arctic spider crab Hyas araneus. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 501, 127 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 10687" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Schiffer
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FD8FF96BDA1A90CA" box="[546,604,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) so if
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C262A928C59FFA5FD45F96BDBC690CB" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[744,896,1715,1738]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oregoniidae" genus="Hyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coarctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FD45F96BDABA90CB" box="[744,764,1715,1738]" italics="true" pageId="6">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FCA6F96BDBC690CB" box="[779,896,1715,1738]" italics="true" pageId="6">coarctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a similar brooding period then the sponges would grow half as fast (~
|
||
<quantity id="4CDEFCF48C59FFA5FE6FF90EDA7890EE" box="[450,574,1750,1775]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="6" unit="cm" value="4.25" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5 to 5 cm</quantity>
|
||
per year). Regardless, there is no doubt that the sponge(s) greatly impede the mobility of the crabs by the end of their lifetime.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C029A8C59FFA5FF6AF8C6D966915A" pageId="6" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9951118C59FFA5FF6AF8C6D966915A" blockId="6.[151,1437,1207,1883]" pageId="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FF6AF8C6D9009136" bold="true" box="[199,326,1822,1847]" pageId="6">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. From the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B9528D038C59FFA5FDA8F8C7DA169136" box="[517,592,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="6">boreus</emphasis>
|
||
—northerly, the species is the only member of the genus from the northern hemisphere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |