395 lines
38 KiB
XML
395 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657258" ID-GBIF-Dataset="96fd1ba3-d7b3-402d-a5a4-7e4df747ed2e" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180784082" ID-ISSN="0067-1975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4657258" checkinTime="1617214787661" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wilson, G. G." docDate="1998" docId="038987DAFF9C835682DFF964F8F96C95" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.50.1.55-83.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 50 (1)" docSource="https://journals.australian.museum/wilson-1998-rec-aust-mus-501-5583/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CF64E561BE6B94FA5F31B9132C6D4316.1:RecAustMus.1998.journal_article" docStyleId="CF64E561BE6B94FA5F31B9132C6D4316" docStyleName="RecAustMus.1998.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Lethrinus genivittatus Valenciennes" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="FFB0FFA2FF928346835CFFCBFFCF6F76" masterDocTitle="A description of the early juvenile colour patterns of eleven Lethrinus species (Pisces: Lethrinidae) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="55" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" updateTime="1632023523603" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A description of the early juvenile colour patterns of eleven Lethrinus species (Pisces: Lethrinidae) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wilson, G. G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>1998</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>1998-05-13</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>50</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>55</mods:start>
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<mods:end>83</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>https://journals.australian.museum/wilson-1998-rec-aust-mus-501-5583/</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3853/j.0067-1975.50.1998.1274</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">96fd1ba3-d7b3-402d-a5a4-7e4df747ed2e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0067-1975</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4652850</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657258" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180784082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4657258" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987DAFF9C835682DFF964F8F96C95" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987DAFF9C835682DFF964F8F96C95" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="69" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[387,1040,1711,1751]" box="[387,1040,1711,1751]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
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<heading box="[387,1040,1711,1751]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Valenciennes" box="[387,1040,1711,1751]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genivittatus">
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<emphasis box="[387,792,1711,1751]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Lethrinus genivittatus</emphasis>
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Valenciennes
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[455,974,1794,1834]" box="[455,974,1794,1834]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">PI. 1E,F,G, Figs 3A, 5A, 8, 9</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[222,1205,1875,2465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3066478321" collectionCode="AMS" country="Australia" location="Great Barrier Reef" municipality="Great Barrier Reef region" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" specimenCode="AMS 1.26438, 003, AMS 1.30814, 007, AMS 1.20786, 012, AMS 1.32476, AMS 1.34911, 002, AMS 1.34915, 001, AMS 1.34916, AMS 1.34917, AMS 1.34919, USNM 336681" specimenCount="38" stateProvince="New South Wales">
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Material examined. (
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<specimenCount box="[665,937,1875,1914]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" type="generic">38 specimens</specimenCount>
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:
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<quantity box="[973,1184,1875,1914]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" metricValueMax="9.9" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="58.0" valueMax="99.0" valueMin="17.0">17-99 mm</quantity>
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).
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<collectingCountry box="[223,423,1921,1960]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
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<collectingRegion box="[439,756,1921,1960]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[778,867,1921,1960]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">AMS</collectionCode>
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I.17458-004 (1:
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
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),
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<specimenCode box="[329,575,1967,2006]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">AMS 1.26438</specimenCode>
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-
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<specimenCode box="[586,648,1967,2006]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">003</specimenCode>
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(4:
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<quantity box="[715,913,1967,2006]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="25.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="17.0">17-34 mm</quantity>
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),
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<specimenCode box="[948,1192,1967,2006]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">AMS 1.30814</specimenCode>
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-
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<specimenCode box="[223,289,2013,2052]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">007</specimenCode>
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(1:
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<quantity box="[354,512,2013,2052]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
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);
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<collectingMunicipality box="[558,1079,2013,2052]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Great Barrier Reef region</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<specimenCode collectionCode="AMS" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">AMS 1.20786</specimenCode>
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-
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<specimenCode box="[373,438,2059,2098]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">012</specimenCode>
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(3:
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<quantity box="[502,707,2059,2098]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="20.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="18.0">18-23 mm</quantity>
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),
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<specimenCode box="[744,995,2059,2098]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">AMS 1.32476</specimenCode>
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-
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<specimenCode box="[1006,1069,2059,2098]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">003</specimenCode>
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(2:
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="18.0">18- 19 mm</quantity>
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),
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<specimenCode box="[410,682,2105,2144]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">AMS 1.34911</specimenCode>
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-
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<specimenCode box="[694,767,2105,2144]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">002</specimenCode>
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(7:
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<quantity box="[840,1065,2105,2144]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="23.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="20.0">20-26 mm</quantity>
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),
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<collectionCode box="[1109,1202,2105,2144]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">AMS</collectionCode>
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I.34911-003 (1:
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<quantity box="[490,631,2151,2190]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="39.0">39 mm</quantity>
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),
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<collectionCode box="[667,756,2151,2190]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">AMS</collectionCode>
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I.34911-004 (1:
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<quantity box="[1043,1184,2151,2190]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
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),
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<specimenCode box="[222,477,2197,2236]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">AMS 1.34915</specimenCode>
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-
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<specimenCode box="[489,552,2197,2236]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">001</specimenCode>
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(2:
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<quantity box="[624,830,2197,2236]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="18.0">18-21 mm</quantity>
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),
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<specimenCode box="[869,1126,2197,2236]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">AMS 1.34916</specimenCode>
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-
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<specimenCode box="[1137,1200,2197,2236]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">001</specimenCode>
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(1:
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<quantity box="[261,394,2243,2282]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
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),
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<specimenCode box="[424,664,2243,2282]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">AMS 1.34917</specimenCode>
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-
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<specimenCode box="[674,735,2243,2282]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">001</specimenCode>
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(1:
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<quantity box="[789,925,2243,2282]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
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),
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<collectionCode box="[954,1043,2243,2282]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">AMS</collectionCode>
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I.34917- 002 (1:
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<quantity box="[347,493,2289,2328]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
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),
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<specimenCode box="[531,787,2289,2328]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">AMS 1.34919</specimenCode>
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-
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<specimenCode box="[798,861,2289,2328]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">001</specimenCode>
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(1:
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<quantity box="[926,1073,2289,2328]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
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),
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<collectionCode box="[1112,1201,2289,2328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">AMS</collectionCode>
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(I.33287-001) (1:
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<quantity box="[510,645,2335,2374]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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),
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<specimenCode box="[675,932,2335,2374]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" type="Museum">USNM 336681</specimenCode>
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(6:
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<quantity box="[991,1184,2335,2374]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="26.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="21.0">21-32 mm</quantity>
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);
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<collectingRegion box="[223,425,2381,2420]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">Queensland</collectingRegion>
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south of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987DAFF9C835682DFF964F8F96C95:8EFF6017FF9C83488106F686FC676602" box="[602,936,2381,2420]" country="Australia" municipality="Great Barrier Reef region" name="Great Barrier Reef" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" stateProvince="New South Wales">Great Barrier Reef</location>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[958,1047,2381,2420]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">AMS</collectionCode>
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IB.1023 (4:
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<quantity box="[265,464,2427,2465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="58.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="46.0">46-70 mm</quantity>
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),
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<collectionCode box="[499,588,2427,2465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">AMS</collectionCode>
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E.1359 (1:
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<quantity box="[784,926,2427,2465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="99.0">99 mm</quantity>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[221,1204,2526,2841]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
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Diagnosis. Body depth variable,
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<quantity box="[781,949,2526,2565]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.128" metricValueMax="9.652" metricValueMin="6.604" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="in" value="3.2" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="2.6">2.6-3.8 in</quantity>
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SL, deepening with increased SL; 4.5 dorsal scale rows, 15 (rarely 16) ventral scale rows; maxillary serrations 5-7 (occasionally 4) at
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<quantity box="[319,500,2664,2703]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="28.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="16.0">16-40 mm</quantity>
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, fewer at greater than
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<quantity box="[895,1019,2664,2703]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
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, absent by
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<quantity box="[223,406,2710,2749]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="85.0" valueMax="90.0" valueMin="80.0">80-90 mm</quantity>
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; cheek scales retained until
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<quantity box="[895,1080,2710,2749]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="25.0">25-27 mm</quantity>
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; dorsal spine 2 relatively elongate, its length:2: dorsal spine 3 at greater than
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<quantity box="[437,621,2802,2841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30-35 mm</quantity>
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(occasionally
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<quantity box="[875,1064,2802,2841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25-30 mm</quantity>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[219,1205,2901,3170]" lastBlockId="14.[1276,2258,418,503]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
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Diagnostic colour notes. Dorsum yellow-tan, 4-6 distinct narrow black bands extending to lateral-line, body offwhite tan to silver ventrally; intense cuboidal shoulder blotch, surrounded by silvery halo (
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<collectionCode box="[861,901,3039,3078]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">PI</collectionCode>
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. IF), pointed tip crossing lateral-line (Fig. 5A); 3-4 orange stripes below lateral-line, of equal intensity and width, interspaces silver; at greater than
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<quantity box="[1535,1655,418,457]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
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, 3 broad tan bands on suborbit and preoperculum (
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<collectionCode box="[1535,1574,464,503]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">PI</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectionCode box="[1601,1652,464,503]" country="China" name="Institute of Geology" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">IG</collectionCode>
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); fins hyaline.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1276,2259,568,1345]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
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Pre-settlement colour notes. Pre-settlement pigmentation variable with SL (
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<quantity box="[1593,1780,615,654]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="16.0">16-21 mm</quantity>
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), complete by
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<quantity box="[2039,2162,615,654]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
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(Fig. 9): dorsum and flank translucent off-white to pale tan, belly and cheek silver; prior to appearance of melanophores, pigmentation restricted to yellow-orange xanthophores along myosepta and horizontal septum, sparse melanophores first appear over caudal peduncle and 1-3 scales below dorsal spines 4-5 forming early shoulder blotch (Fig. 9A), later increasing to 4-6 scales; 3-4 cuboidal blotches appearing between lateral-line and horizontal septum, behind shoulder blotch (Fig. 9B), followed by banding along dorsum and 2-3 indistinct blotches below horizontal septum (Fig. 9C), interspaces silver to pale blue; head with few markings, melanophores scattered over brain, dark band forming between orbit and maxilla; fins mostly hyaline, sparse melanophores and underlying xanthophores visible along spines.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1275,2262,1416,3019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
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Colour notes. A distinctive species with few ontogenetic changes in juvenile colouration, capable of rapid pattern changes within 1-3 seconds. At
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<quantity box="[1866,2058,1508,1547]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20-30 mm</quantity>
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: snout and dorsum intense yellow-tan, head and body abruptly silvery off-white ventrally, lateral-line cryptic; 4 narrow primary stripes along flank, of similar widths, terminating near base of caudal peduncle, golden orange in captivity or when freshly killed (
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<collectionCode box="[1529,1568,1738,1777]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">PI</collectionCode>
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. lE), orange (rarely orange-tan) in field with dorsal stripe concealed by 3-4 pale brown to grey blotches (
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<collectionCode box="[1449,1488,1830,1869]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">PI</collectionCode>
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. 1F,G), interspaces silver (rarely pale blue,
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<collectionCode box="[1276,1313,1876,1915]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">PI</collectionCode>
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. IF); intense banding frequently displayed in field with concomitant partial-fading of primary stripes (Fig. 3A), dulled in captivity and after death (cf.
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<collectionCode box="[1936,1973,1968,2008]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">PI</collectionCode>
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. lE and
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<collectionCode box="[2133,2183,1968,2008]" country="China" name="Institute of Geology" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">IG</collectionCode>
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), 4- 6 narrow bands along dorsum, series of blotches along ventral margin of lateral-line, further banding between blotches and belly (
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<collectionCode box="[1630,1669,2106,2145]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">PI</collectionCode>
|
|
. 1G); blotch below dorsal spines forming diagnostic shoulder blotch (Fig. 5A), cuboidal with pointed tip extending over lateral-line and surrounded by silvery halo (
|
|
<collectionCode box="[1529,1572,2244,2283]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">PI</collectionCode>
|
|
. IF); intense dark mid-lateral stripe prevalent in field, width approximately 5.0 in body depth, rarely accompanied by banding or primary stripes; snout and cheek without darkmarkings, intermittent near-vertical black band bisecting eye in field; fins mostly hyaline, dorsal fin often similar hue to dorsum in field, sparse offwhite and dark patches over anterior half of spinous fins. At
|
|
<quantity box="[1338,1536,2566,2605]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20-30 mm</quantity>
|
|
, individuals in field frequently display background and primary-stripe colourations either with distinct shoulder blotch alone or without dark markings (as in
|
|
<collectionCode box="[1384,1421,2704,2743]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">PI</collectionCode>
|
|
. 6, p.
|
|
<quantity box="[1537,1640,2704,2743]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3942" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="in" value="173.0">173 in</quantity>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Masuda & Kobayashi" box="[1655,2153,2704,2743]" firstAuthor="Masuda" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" refId="ref22430" refString="Masuda, H., & Y. Kobayashi, 1994. Grand Atlas of Fish Life Modes. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 465." type="book" year="1994">Masuda & Kobayashi [1994]</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="14.[1275,2262,1416,3019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
|
|
At
|
|
<quantity box="[1378,1561,2750,2788]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="55.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="30.0">30-80 mm</quantity>
|
|
: mostly as in smaller individuals, dorsum greyish tan, banding more intense than when smaller, shoulder blotch and orange primary stripes prominent; two vertical dark tan bands visible on suborbital at greater than
|
|
<quantity box="[1277,1400,2933,2973]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
|
(Fig. 3A,
|
|
<collectionCode box="[1596,1634,2933,2973]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">PI</collectionCode>
|
|
. 1G), third similar band along rear margin of preoperculum.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="14.[1276,2262,3090,3176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="69">
|
|
Colour in alcohol.At
|
|
<quantity box="[1656,1832,3090,3130]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="16.0">16-21 mm</quantity>
|
|
, late pre-settlement: body translucent off-white to pale straw, xanthophore
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4652871" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4652871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4652871/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="70" targetBox="[226,2173,304,3011]" targetPageId="15">
|
|
<paragraph box="[371,2101,3036,3071]" pageId="15" pageNumber="70">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[371,432,3036,3071]" pageId="15" pageNumber="70">Fig.</emphasis>
|
|
9. Ontogenetic changes in the external melanophore pigmentation of
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1479,1811,3036,3071]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genivittatus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1479,1811,3036,3071]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="70">Lethrinus genivittatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
prior to settlement.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="70">Typical length ranges: A-16-20 mm SL; B-17-20 mm SL; C-18-21 mm SL. Details of scalation, myomeres and internal pigmentation not shown. Based on six specimens from Green Island, including AMS I.34915-001, AMS 1.34916-001, AMS 1.34917-002 and 2 specimens not retained.</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="16.[222,1205,403,718]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">
|
|
pigmentation lost, melanophores retained in similar patterns to when freshly killed, fins hyaline. At greater than
|
|
<quantity box="[314,442,496,534]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
|
, post-settlement: body and head pale greytan, belly off-white; dorsal banding slightly dulled, dark blotches below lateral-line indistinct; shoulder blotch faded from when freshly killed, halo absent; primary stripes lost; fins hyaline.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="16.[212,1204,785,1422]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">
|
|
Ecology. At less than
|
|
<quantity box="[610,731,785,823]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
|
|
, common in dense shallow seagrass beds on coral reefs and in coastal embayments (0.2-3.0 m;
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">
|
|
Cymodoeea,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority=", Halophila" authorityName="Halophila" box="[657,1006,877,916]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cymodoceaceae" genus="Halodule" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Halodule, Halophila</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority=", Zostera" authorityName="Zostera" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Thalassia, Zostera</taxonomicName>
|
|
);
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
settlers recorded from
|
|
<quantity box="[773,887,923,962]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
|
although typically
|
|
<quantity box="[226,410,969,1008]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="20.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="19.0">19-22 mm</quantity>
|
|
, mostly solitary, individuals
|
|
<quantity box="[910,1095,969,1008]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20-30 mm</quantity>
|
|
hover over the seagrass canopy, periodically picking food items off seagrass blades, occasional aggression noted towards conspecifics and congeners of a similar size; not appearing site-attached although seldom moving further than
|
|
<quantity box="[1139,1203,1153,1192]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
|
when disturbed, at less than
|
|
<quantity box="[687,799,1199,1238]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
|
willrapidly seek shelter at base of canopy if closely approached; at greater than
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
|
occasionally joining loose multi-species schools with
|
|
<emphasis box="[219,335,1337,1376]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">Searus</emphasis>
|
|
species (
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[508,660,1337,1376]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Scaridae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[696,1040,1337,1376]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mullidae" genus="Parupeneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indieus">Parupeneus indieus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuseeseens">Siganus fuseeseens</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and congeners of a similar size.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="16.[215,1204,1488,2401]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">
|
|
Field identification. Although distinctive when freshly killed, may be easily confused with
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[873,1088,1534,1573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obsoletus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[873,1088,1534,1573]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">L. obsoletus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
under field conditions, particularly at less than
|
|
<quantity box="[965,1095,1580,1619]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
|
. Both species are capable of rapid changes in their overlying dark colour patterns and display 3-4 coloured primary stripes. When recently-settled (
|
|
<quantity box="[619,804,1718,1757]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="18.0">18-25 mm</quantity>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[837,1081,1718,1757]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genivittatus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[837,1081,1718,1757]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">L. genivittatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obsoletus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">L. obsoletus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
often display an almost uniform yellow-tan to grey-tan hue, and observation for several minutes is necessary before other patterns can be discerned. The shoulder blotch's form is useful for distinguishing these species (Fig. 5.): the
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[569,768,1948,1987]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obsoletus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[569,768,1948,1987]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">L. obsoletus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
shoulder blotch is mostly vertically-rectangular, does not cross the lateral-line and is seldom surrounded by a pale halo. This contrasts with the square shoulder blotch with pointed extension over the lateral-line and pale halo in
|
|
<emphasis box="[797,1060,2132,2171]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[797,1055,2132,2171]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genivittatus">L. genivittatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
At less than
|
|
<quantity box="[309,440,2178,2217]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
|
, dorsal bands tend to be narrower and of sharper definition in
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[578,820,2224,2263]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genivittatus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[578,820,2224,2263]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">L. genivittatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
than
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[922,1129,2224,2263]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obsoletus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[922,1129,2224,2263]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">L. obsoletus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(cf.
|
|
<collectionCode box="[215,254,2270,2309]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">PI</collectionCode>
|
|
. 1G and 2E). In many cases, it may be necessary to collect smaller specimens for confirmation with morphological characters or freshly-killed colour patterns.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="16.[213,1202,2466,3103]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">
|
|
Identification notes.
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter & AlIen" box="[587,1022,2466,2506]" firstAuthor="Carpenter" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" refId="ref21593" refString="Carpenter, KE., & G. R. AlIen, 1989. FAO species catalogue: Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Volume 9. FAO, Rome, pp. v + 118." type="book" year="1989">Carpenter & AlIen (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
report the degree of outward-curvature of the lower canine teeth, along with the greater length of the second dorsal spine over the third, to be the most useful means for separating
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[213,463,2651,2690]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genivittatus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[213,463,2651,2690]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">L. genivittatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from other lethrinids. However, dentition is of little value for distinguishing
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[821,1076,2697,2736]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genivittatus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[821,1076,2697,2736]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">L. genivittatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
at less than
|
|
<quantity box="[302,425,2743,2782]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
|
|
. Although the second dorsal spine is shorter than the third until
|
|
<quantity box="[544,724,2788,2827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30-35 mm</quantity>
|
|
in most cases ("Diagnosis" above), it is still relatively elongate in individuals greater than
|
|
<quantity box="[439,560,2881,2919]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
|
|
in comparison with other
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="G.Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[1033,1200,2881,2919]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1033,1200,2881,2919]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">Lethrinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species, and may be a useful diagnostic character. The number of scale rows above the lateral-line also differentiates
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[461,715,3019,3057]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genivittatus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[461,715,3019,3057]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">L. genivittatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(4.5) from similar species such as
|
|
<emphasis box="[359,681,3064,3103]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[359,573,3064,3103]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obsoletus">L. obsoletus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(5.5).
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="16.[1274,2259,403,995]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">
|
|
Previous descriptions. Early life history stages of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genivittatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">L. genivittatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have been described and/or figured in several works. The larval development of laboratory-reared individuals
|
|
<quantity box="[1473,1694,541,580]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.549999999999999" metricValueMax="16.4" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="9.549999999999999" valueMax="16.4" valueMin="2.7">2.7-16.4 mm</quantity>
|
|
was described and figured (as
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nemataeanthus">L. nemataeanthus</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Mori" box="[1616,1828,588,627]" firstAuthor="Mori" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" pagination="536 - 541" refId="ref22498" refString="Mori, K, 1988. Lethrinidae. Pp. 536 - 541. In M. Okiyama (ed.). An Atlas of the Early Stage Fishes in Japan. Tokai University Press, Japan. (in Japanese)" type="book chapter" year="1988">Mori (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, although few details of pigmentation were given. Juvenile colour plates were provided by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kuiter" box="[1499,1722,680,719]" firstAuthor="Kuiter" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" refId="ref22188" refString="Kuiter, R. H., 1993. Coastal fishes of South-eastern Australia. Crawford House Press, Bathurst, Australia, pp. xxi + 437." type="book" year="1993">Kuiter (1993</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, length not given),
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Masuda & Kobayashi" firstAuthor="Masuda" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" refId="ref22430" refString="Masuda, H., & Y. Kobayashi, 1994. Grand Atlas of Fish Life Modes. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 465." type="book" year="1994">Masuda & Kobayashi (1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, 35 mm total length) and
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kuiter & Debelius" firstAuthor="Kuiter" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" refId="ref22246" refString="Kuiter, R. H., & H. Debelius, 1994. Southeast Asia tropical fish guide. IKAN-Unterwasserarchiv, Frankfurt, Germany, pp. 321." type="book" year="1994">Kuiter & Debelius (1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, 40 mm, reproduced here in
|
|
<collectionCode box="[2034,2070,772,810]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">PI</collectionCode>
|
|
. 1G).
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Sato" firstAuthor="Sato" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" pagination="178 - 181" refId="ref22795" refString="Sato, T., 1984. Lethrinidae. Pp. 178 - 181. In H. Masuda, K Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno & T. Yoshino (eds.). The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai University Press, Tokyo." type="book chapter" year="1984">Sato (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
noted the prolonged occurrence of maxillary serrations in
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1549,1842,864,903]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genivittatus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1549,1842,864,903]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">L. genivittatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
juveniles (under
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nemataeanthus">L. nemataeanthus</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
as "maxillary ornamented with row of tubercles in younger individuals".
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |