324 lines
39 KiB
XML
324 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="A32CB6F00E7FCC22B7B6A0D38C9C5757" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.189352" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c5a7d896-b19c-4bc4-bed8-903f77ea94c9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="189352" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461101221477" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sinev, Artem Y." docDate="2009" docId="038987B8AB4DFF9E5596BF04D1EEFF36" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02176p021.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2176" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Acroperus neglectus Lilljeborg 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FFB0FFC0AB5CFF8D5501B860D564FFEE" masterDocTitle="Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1698591449932" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B10FFC924E9DDAB9EA91F5E286EC83AC">Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D2B57882CDE2ECC4011128EF0372FA78">Sinev, Artem Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D4C832BE9FC0266D101C5AC35569AE74">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D8A880550ADCCD828CAE4C502B061791">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="481D350AFCB0198B9A94E08872F2437C">2176</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="044374720E0AAEED38A9DC800E4DEF72" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.189352</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038987B8AB4DFF9E5596BF04D1EEFF36" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5686932" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119621878" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5686932" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987B8AB4DFF9E5596BF04D1EEFF36" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B8AB4DFF9E5596BF04D1EEFF36" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<subSubSection id="C33A6525AB4DFF9F5596BF04D7ACFE09" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB4DFF9C5596BF04D44DF84A" blockId="17.[151,1437,1891,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<heading id="D0D781C2AB4DFF9C5596BF04D44DF84A" bold="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4DFF9C5596BF04D44DF84A" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4DFF9C5596BF04D7F4F893" ID-CoL="64NL2" authority="Lilljeborg, 1900" authorityName="Lilljeborg" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,656,1891,1918]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglectus">
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<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4DFF9C5596BF04D4CDF890" bold="true" box="[151,425,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Acroperus neglectus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4DFF9C54B2BF03D7F4F893" author="Lilljeborg" box="[435,656,1891,1917]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" refString="Lilljeborg, W. (1900) Cladocera Sueciae. Nova acta regiae societatis scientatis scientiarum upsaleinsis, seriei tertiae, 19, 701 pp." type="book" year="1900">Lilljeborg, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4DFF9C57D6BF04D11BF893" authority="Hudendorff, 1876" authorityName="Hudendorff" authorityYear="1876" box="[727,1151,1891,1918]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alonoides">
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<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4DFF9C57D6BF04D61BF890" bold="true" box="[727,895,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. alonoides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4DFF9C5689BF03D11BF893" author="Hudendorff" box="[904,1151,1891,1917]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" refString="Hudendorff, A. (1876) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der susswasser Cladoceren Russlands. Byulletin' Moskovskogo Obshchesteva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskii, 50, 26 - 61." type="journal article" year="1876">Hudendorff, 1876</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, two synonyms of
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4DFF9C5081BF04D47EF84A" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
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<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4DFF9C5081BF04D47EF84A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. angustatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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?
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB4DFF9F55C7BFD1D7ACFE09" blockId="17.[151,1437,1891,2034]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,152,1995]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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The main diagnostic feature of
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4DFF9C574EBFD1D787F824" box="[591,739,1969,1994]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglectus">
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<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4DFF9C574EBFD1D787F824" box="[591,739,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. neglectus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a female antennula protruding below the apex of the rostrum, as in an adult male (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4DFF9C54F4BFB8D7D3F81C" author="Lilljeborg" box="[501,695,2008,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" refString="Lilljeborg, W. (1900) Cladocera Sueciae. Nova acta regiae societatis scientatis scientiarum upsaleinsis, seriei tertiae, 19, 701 pp." type="book" year="1900">Lilljeborg 1900</bibRefCitation>
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). After the initial description, this species was never recorded again. I personally never encountered living
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F57A1B8F8D67DFF5F" box="[672,793,152,177]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F57A1B8F8D67DFF5F" box="[672,793,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Acroperus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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females with such antennules. The diagnosis character may be an artefact. During preparation, the cover glass may deform the animal's head through pressure, and antennules are pushed out. Preserved specimens of both
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F5626B885D6FDFF10" box="[807,921,229,254]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
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<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F5626B885D6FDFF10" box="[807,921,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. harpae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F56D0B885D114FF10" box="[977,1136,229,254]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
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<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F56D0B885D114FF10" box="[977,1136,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. angustatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may sometimes have this “trait”, but closer study reveals that this is an artefact. Such a specimen was depicted in
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<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB4EFF9F5193B96CD1B2FEC8" box="[1170,1238,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[190,1388,185,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,182,1845]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1834) from Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr. A – F—parthenogenetic female: A—valve, B – C—denticles of left and right valves of same specimens, D—head (note the one of antennules appears reaching the rostrum), E—outlines of labral keel, F – G—postabdomens; H – I—postabdomens of juvenile males of instar I – II; J—postabdomen of adult male. Scale bars: 0.1 mm for A, 0.05 mm for B – C, D – E and F – G." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189355/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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D: one antennule is in normal position, while other appears to be reaching the end of the rostrum. All these facts suggest that
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F5082B952D462FE9C" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglectus">
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<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F5082B952D462FE9C" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. neglectus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described from such deformed specimens and is not a valid species. The same can be said about other species with such diagnostic feature—Australian
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F561DB9E0D1F2FE74" authority="Henry, 1919" authorityName="Henry" authorityYear="1919" box="[796,1174,384,410]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatus">
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<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F561DB9E0D699FE77" box="[796,1021,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Acroperus sinuatus</emphasis>
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Henry, 1919
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</taxonomicName>
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, which also was never reported again after its description (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4EFF9F5763B9C6D6C3FE2E" author="Smirnov" box="[610,935,422,448]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Smirnov, N. N. & Timms B. V. (1983) A revision of the Australian Cladocera (Crustacea). Records of the Australian Museum. Suppl. 1, 1 - 132." type="book chapter" year="1983">Smirnov & Timms, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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). Therefore, I suggest that
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F5000B9C7D468FE09" authority="Lilljeborg" authorityName="Lilljeborg" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglectus">
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<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F5000B9C7D0F9FE2E" box="[1281,1437,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. neglectus</emphasis>
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Lilljeborg
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</taxonomicName>
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is a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F5723B9ADD7A5FE08" box="[546,705,461,486]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
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<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F5723B9ADD7A5FE08" box="[546,705,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. angustatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33A6525AB4EFF9F55C7B994D6E6FBEA" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB4EFF9F55C7B994D6E6FBEA" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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The status of
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F5467B994D7B7FDE0" authority="Hudendorff, 1876" authorityName="Hudendorff" authorityYear="1876" box="[358,723,500,526]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alonoides">
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<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F5467B994D49DFDE3" box="[358,505,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. alonoides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4EFF9F5701B994D7B7FDE0" author="Hudendorff" box="[512,723,500,526]" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Hudendorff, A. (1876) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der susswasser Cladoceren Russlands. Byulletin' Moskovskogo Obshchesteva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskii, 50, 26 - 61." type="journal article" year="1876">Hudendorff, 1876</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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is also doubtful. The main diagnostic character of this taxon is a “low” head shield, where the distance between the dorsal head margin and the eye is less than an eye diameter. This character is not reliable, especially with preserved specimens in slides. Shape and size of the eye are quite variable in both studied species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F57DDBA08D633FD6F" box="[732,855,616,641]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F57DDBA08D633FD6F" box="[732,855,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Acroperus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB4EFF9F5696BA08D686FD6C" box="[919,994,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1682,1706]" captionTargetBox="[214,1363,201,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,197,1657]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1834). A – H—specimens from Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr: A – B—juvenile females of instar I – II, C—parthenogenetic female, D—ephippial female, E – F—juvenile males of instar I – II, G—adult male; H – J—parthenogenetic females: H - from Russia, Moscow Area, Ruza District, Glubokoe Lake, I-from Belarus, Vitebsk Area, Miorskii district, Lake Obsterno, J - from Russia, Irkutsk Area, Barguzinka river close to coast of Lake Baikal coast. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189353/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB4EFF9F56F3BA08D167FD6C" box="[1010,1027,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,257,1783,1807]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,193,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,172,1760]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A – H—specimens from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake: A – B—juvenile females of instar I – II, C—parthenogenetic female, D – E—ephippial female, F – G—juvenile males of instar I – II, H—adult male; I – K—parthenogenetic females: I—from Norway, Oslo, Lake Ostensjovand (specimen from G. O. Sars collection, slide F 9012), J—from Belarus, Vitebsk Area, Miorskii district, Lake Obsterno, K - from Russia, Chita Area, Chita town, Lake Kenon. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189358/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">6</figureCitation>
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), and during the fixation both eye size and position may change. Specimens with lower keels were revealed in populations of both
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F51F9BAEFD00FFD46" box="[1272,1387,655,680]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
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<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F51F9BAEFD00FFD46" box="[1272,1387,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. harpae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F5596BAD5D452FD20" box="[151,310,693,718]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
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<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F5596BAD5D452FD20" box="[151,310,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. angustatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The drawing of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4EFF9F5701BAD5D609FD21" author="Hudendorff" box="[512,877,693,719]" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Hudendorff, A. (1876) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der susswasser Cladoceren Russlands. Byulletin' Moskovskogo Obshchesteva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskii, 50, 26 - 61." type="journal article" year="1876">Hudendorff (1876, pl. 2, fig. 4)</bibRefCitation>
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is strange, but clearly these specimens have the diagnostic features of
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F54A9BABCD72AFD1B" box="[424,590,732,757]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
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<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F54A9BABCD72AFD1B" box="[424,590,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. angustatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—low rectangular body, antennal branches of equal length, and large triangular denticles. The same can be said about
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F57DDBB62D615FCF5" box="[732,881,770,795]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alonoides">
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<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F57DDBB62D615FCF5" box="[732,881,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. alonoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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populations described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4EFF9F51AABB62D007FCF2" author="Smirnov" box="[1195,1379,770,796]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Smirnov, N. N. (1971) Chydoridae of the world. Fauna U. S. S. R. Rakoobraznie, 1 (2), 531 pp. (English translation 1974, Jerusalem)." type="book" year="1971">Smirnov (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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—in my opinion, these specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4EFF9F5722BB49D63BFCAD" author="Smirnov" box="[547,863,809,835]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Smirnov, N. N. (1971) Chydoridae of the world. Fauna U. S. S. R. Rakoobraznie, 1 (2), 531 pp. (English translation 1974, Jerusalem)." type="book" year="1971">Smirnov, 1971, fig. 496</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are characterized not by the low keel, but, conspicuously large eyes. The diagnostic features of males (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4EFF9F5691BB30D1DFFC84" author="Smirnov" box="[912,1211,848,874]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Smirnov, N. N. (1971) Chydoridae of the world. Fauna U. S. S. R. Rakoobraznie, 1 (2), 531 pp. (English translation 1974, Jerusalem)." type="book" year="1971">Smirnov 1971, fig. 498</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) correspond to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F5083BB30D47BFC7E" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F5083BB30D47BFC7E" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. angustatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the other hand,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4EFF9F5724BB16D788FC7E" author="Flossner" box="[549,748,886,912]" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Flossner, D. (2000) Die Haplopoda und Cladocera (ohne Bosminidae) Mitteleuropas. Backhuys, Leiden, 428 pp." type="book" year="2000">Flössner (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treats specimens with typical characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F5019BB17D0F0FC7E" box="[1304,1428,887,912]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F5019BB17D0F0FC7E" box="[1304,1428,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. harpae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including male postabdomen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4EFF9F54F9BBFDD645FC59" author="Flossner" box="[504,801,925,951]" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Flossner, D. (2000) Die Haplopoda und Cladocera (ohne Bosminidae) Mitteleuropas. Backhuys, Leiden, 428 pp." type="book" year="2000">Flössner, 2000, Abb. 126</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F5651BBFDD6A0FC58" box="[848,964,925,950]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F5651BBFDD6A0FC58" box="[848,964,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. harpae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F56CABBFDD10BFC58" box="[971,1135,925,951]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="variety" variety="alonoides">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F56FCBBFDD10BFC58" box="[1021,1135,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">alonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the studied material, I found no additional differences between low-keeled and "normal" populations of both species. It can be concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F544BBB8AD4B8FBED" box="[330,476,1002,1027]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F544BBB8AD4B8FBED" box="[330,476,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. alonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F57DDBB8AD618FBED" box="[732,892,1002,1027]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F57DDBB8AD618FBED" box="[732,892,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. angustatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A6525AB4EFF9E55C7BC70D1EEFF36" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB4EFF9F55C7BC70D76DFA15" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F55C7BC70D677FBC4" bold="true" box="[198,787,1040,1067]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F5494BC71D776FBC5" box="[405,530,1041,1067]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F5494BC71D776FBC5" bold="true" box="[405,530,1041,1067]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. harpae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F575EBC71D668FBC5" box="[607,780,1041,1067]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F575EBC71D668FBC5" bold="true" box="[607,780,1041,1067]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. angustatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Having revised a geographically large coverage of samples, I think that the data on distribution of both species worldwide should be re-evaluated.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F51F5BC58D003FBBF" box="[1268,1383,1080,1105]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F51F5BC58D003FBBF" box="[1268,1383,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. harpae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reported worldwide,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F548CBC3FD749FB96" box="[397,557,1119,1144]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F548CBC3FD749FB96" box="[397,557,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. angustatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—from Eurasia, North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB4EFF9F563EBC3ED6C0FB96" box="[831,932,1118,1144]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB4EFF9F56DFBC3ED12DFB96" box="[990,1097,1118,1144]" name="Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4EFF9F5158BC3ED06FFB96" author="Smirnov" box="[1113,1291,1118,1144]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Smirnov, N. N. (1971) Chydoridae of the world. Fauna U. S. S. R. Rakoobraznie, 1 (2), 531 pp. (English translation 1974, Jerusalem)." type="book" year="1971">Smirnov, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4EFF9F5019BC3ED458FB71" author="Smirnov" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Smirnov, N. N. & Timms B. V. (1983) A revision of the Australian Cladocera (Crustacea). Records of the Australian Museum. Suppl. 1, 1 - 132." type="book chapter" year="1983">Smirnov & Timms, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Few reports include detailed descriptions and/or illustrations and the actual validity of the species cannot be checked. These species are widely distributed in the Palearctic,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F5194BCCCD05AFB2B" box="[1173,1342,1196,1221]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F5194BCCCD05AFB2B" box="[1173,1342,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. angustatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
no less common than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F5440BCB3D4D1FB02" box="[321,437,1235,1260]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F5440BCB3D4D1FB02" box="[321,437,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. harpae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The Southern limit of their distribution is unclear. The southernmost occurrence of both may fall in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB4EFF9F5460BC99D4CDFAFD" box="[353,425,1273,1299]" name="China" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4EFF9F54B8BC99D7CCFAFD" author="Chiang" box="[441,680,1273,1299]" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Chiang, S. & Du, N. (1979) Fauna Sinica. Crustacea. Freshwater cladocera. Science Press, Academia Sinica, Peking, 297 p." type="book" year="1979">Chiang & Du 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The latter descriptions/drawingsare quite accurate (including antennae) and presence here can be confirmed. Both were reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB4EFF9F56F5BD40D154FAD4" box="[1012,1072,1312,1338]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4EFF9F515FBD40D0F3FAD4" author="Sharma" box="[1118,1431,1312,1338]" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Sharma, B. K. & Michael, R. G. (1987) Review of taxonomic studies on freshwater Cladocera from India with remarks on biogeography. Hydrobiologia, 145, 29 - 33." type="journal article" year="1987">Sharma & Michael (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but without data on antennal morphology. Also, both can be expected everywhere in the Mediterranean and Middle Asia. For example, drawings of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F578BBD0DD665FA68" box="[650,769,1389,1414]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F578BBD0DD665FA68" box="[650,769,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. harpae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB4EFF9F5658BD0DD6D6FA69" box="[857,946,1389,1415]" name="Tunisia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4EFF9F56C2BD0DD1D6FA69" author="Dumont" box="[963,1202,1389,1415]" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Dumont, H. J., Laureys, P. & Pensaert J. (1979) Anostraca, Conchostraca, Cladocera and Copepoda from Tunisia. Hydrobiologia, 66, 259 - 274." type="journal article" year="1979">Dumont et al, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 264, fig. 5A–E) clearly belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F5465BDF4D760FA43" box="[356,516,1428,1453]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F5465BDF4D760FA43" box="[356,516,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. angustatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Parthenogenetic females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F565BBDF4D6B7FA43" box="[858,979,1428,1453]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F565BBDF4D6B7FA43" box="[858,979,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Acroperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB4EFF9F511ABDF4D1E7FA40" box="[1051,1155,1428,1454]" name="Thailand" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Sinev & Sanoamuang, unpubl.) can be identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F54F9BDDBD70BFA3A" box="[504,623,1467,1492]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="harpae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F54F9BDDBD70BFA3A" box="[504,623,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. harpae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26757C7AB4EFF9F5776BDDAD676FA3A" box="[631,786,1466,1492]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F561EBDDBD6A7FA3A" box="[799,963,1467,1492]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F561EBDDBD6A7FA3A" box="[799,963,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. angustatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not present in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB4EFF9F5197BDDAD060FA3A" box="[1174,1284,1466,1492]" name="Thailand" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and may be does not penetrate so far South.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB4EFF9F55C7BE68D76BF825" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
In North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB4EFF9F5441BE68D4CCF9CC" box="[320,424,1544,1570]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Palearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F573CBE68D7D0F9CC" box="[573,692,1544,1570]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cladocera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="order">Cladocera</taxonomicName>
|
||
are frequently replaced by the Nearctic siblings. They are recognized only after a detailed study of (limb and male) morphology. An example is the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F5027BE4FD48EF981" authority="Sars, 1862 (Kubersky, 1977)" authorityName="Sars, 1862 (Kubersky" authorityYear="1977" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Alonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F5027BE4FD0F8F9A6" box="[1318,1436,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Alonopsis</emphasis>
|
||
Sars, 1862 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4EFF9F5423BE35D485F981" author="Kubersky" box="[290,481,1621,1647]" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Kubersky, E. S. (1977) Worldwide distribution and ecology of Alonopsis (Cladocera: Chydoridae) with a description of Alonopsis americana sp. nov. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie. 62, 649 - 685." type="journal article" year="1977">Kubersky, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is very close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F57FCBE35D612F980" box="[765,886,1621,1646]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F57FCBE35D612F980" box="[765,886,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Acroperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, identity of Nearctic populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F5596BE1CD472F97B" box="[151,278,1660,1685]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F5596BE1CD472F97B" box="[151,278,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Acroperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is uncertain without reliable proof and their taxonomic status remains unclear. Records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F5083BE1CD58FF952" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F5083BE1CD58FF952" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. harpae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the tropics are mostly doubtful, even if short description is provided. Specimens reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB4EFF9F5596BEA9D5BEF90D" box="[151,218,1737,1763]" name="Niger" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Dumont et Van de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4EFF9F54CABEA9D738F90D" author="Velde" box="[459,604,1737,1763]" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Dumont, H. J. & Van de Velde, I. (1977) Cladoceres et Conchostraces gecoltes par le professeur Th. Monod dans la moyenne vallee du Niger en decembre 1972 et janvier 1973. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental de l'Afrique Noire. Serie A, 39, 1, 75 - 93." type="journal article" year="1977">Velde, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 89, fig.6G–H) have moderately long antenna with different branch lengths, like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F5435BE90D4C8F8E7" box="[308,428,1776,1801]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F5435BE90D4C8F8E7" box="[308,428,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. harpae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but cannot be identified with certainty. Specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB4EFF9F516ABE90D1CFF8E4" box="[1131,1195,1776,1802]" name="Chad" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chad</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4EFF9F51BDBE90D49DF8DE" author="Rey" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Rey, J. & Saint-Jean, L. (1968) Les Cladoceres (Crustaces, Branchiopodes) du Tchad. Cah. O. R S. T. O. M. ser. hydrobiol., 2 (3 / 4), 79 - 118." type="journal article" year="1968">Rey & Saint-Jean, 1968: 97–99, fig. 15 A, 15 D</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are more similar in morphology to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F56ABBF77D12FF8DE" box="[938,1099,1815,1840]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F56ABBF77D12FF8DE" box="[938,1099,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. angustatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Rey & Vasquez (1986) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4EFF9F5596BF5DD458F8B9" author="Hudec" box="[151,316,1853,1879]" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Hudec, I. (1998) Anomopoda (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from some Venezuelan tepuis. Hydrobiologia, 377, 205 - 211." type="journal article" year="1998">Hudec (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mention animals from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB4EFF9F5755BF5DD7B5F8B9" box="[596,721,1853,1879]" name="Venezuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F5659BF5DD69FF8B8" box="[856,1019,1853,1878]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F5659BF5DD69FF8B8" box="[856,1019,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. angustatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in morphology of the antenna, but have somewhat different posteroventral denticles on the valves. The body shape varies from “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F51E1BF04D057F893" box="[1248,1331,1892,1917]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F51E1BF04D057F893" box="[1248,1331,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">harpae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-rype” to “
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F55A5BFEBD455F84A" box="[164,305,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">angustatus-</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B880CAB4EFF9F5430BFEAD40FF84A" box="[305,363,1930,1956]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
|
||
”. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F54C7BFEBD759F84A" box="[454,573,1931,1956]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F54C7BFEBD759F84A" box="[454,573,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. harpae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4EFF9F577BBFEBD644F84A" box="[634,800,1931,1956]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4EFF9F577BBFEBD644F84A" box="[634,800,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. angustatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB4EFF9F511BBFEAD1EDF84A" box="[1050,1161,1930,1956]" name="Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4EFF9F51B9BFEAD581F825" author="Smirnov" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Smirnov, N. N. & Timms B. V. (1983) A revision of the Australian Cladocera (Crustacea). Records of the Australian Museum. Suppl. 1, 1 - 132." type="book chapter" year="1983">Smirnov & Timms (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but without descriptions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB4FFF9E55D3B8F8D1EEFF36" blockId="19.[151,1435,152,216]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
In conclusion, present taxonomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4FFF9E578DB8F8D661FF5F" box="[652,773,152,177]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4FFF9E578DB8F8D661FF5F" box="[652,773,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Acroperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is incomplete. Future studies are necessary especially clarification of the taxonomic status of American, African and Australian populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |