533 lines
72 KiB
XML
533 lines
72 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C62A5DF3D646E77A903F3B84E6F7399C">A taxonomic revision of Northeast Pacific softnose skates (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae: Bathyraja Ishiyama)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038987A49337FFF473D5FBA6CDFB0CED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601284" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198574596" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601284" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987A49337FFF473D5FBA6CDFB0CED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987A49337FFF473D5FBA6CDFB0CED" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="C33A65399337FFE873D5FBA6CE120F1A" box="[151,567,1042,1069]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D0D781DE9337FFE873D5FBA6CE120F1A" bold="true" box="[151,567,1042,1069]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D319337FFE873D5FBA6CE120F1A" ID-CoL="68DZR" authority="(Gilbert, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Gilbert" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[151,567,1042,1069]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aleutica">
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<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE873D5FBA6CE120F1A" bold="true" box="[151,567,1042,1069]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Bathyraja aleutica (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE872C5FBA6CE0B0F1A" author="Gilbert, C. H." box="[391,558,1042,1068]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="393 - 476" refId="ref39645" refString="Gilbert, C. H. (1896) The ichthyological collections of the steamer Albatross during the years 1890 and 1891. United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner, 19 (6), 393 - 476." type="journal article" year="1896">Gilbert, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33A65399337FFE873D5FB82CD650FC2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9F36B29337FFE873D5FB82CD900F67" blockId="12.[151,567,1042,1140]" box="[151,437,1078,1105]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<figureCitation id="131B2A379337FFE873D5FB82CD3A0F67" box="[151,287,1078,1105]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="13.[151,250,1749,1773]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,250,1509,1533]" captionTargetBox-0="[384,1193,544,1716]" captionTargetBox-1="[424,1164,360,1473]" captionTargetId-0="figure-176@13.[369,1217,525,1725]" captionTargetId-1="figure-93@14.[406,1182,345,1485]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Bathyraja aleutica, PSRC Bale 070313-1, 908 mm TL, immature male, dorsal view, after freezing. Photo by J.D.S. Knuckey. Scale bar = 60 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Bathyraja aleutica, PSRC Bale 062812-1, 1,198 mm TL, female, ventral view, after freezing. Photo by J.D.S. Knuckey. Scale bar = 130 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601290" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601292" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6601290/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6601292/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figures 6–7</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6A203099337FFE87268FB82CD5A0F67" box="[298,383,1078,1105]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="17.[151,239,1587,1611]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometrics for Bathyraja aleutica expressed as % to total length (n = 12)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5F663A932AFFF573D5F987C8740D7D" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid="DF5F663A932AFFF573D5F987C8740D7D">Table 2</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6A203099337FFE872C9FB83CD900F67" box="[395,437,1079,1105]" captionStart-0="TABLE 8" captionStart-1="TABLE 9" captionStartId-0="50.[151,239,565,591]" captionStartId-1="58.[151,239,1268,1292]" captionTargetPageId-0="50" captionTargetPageId-1="58" captionText-0="TABLE 8. Meristics for the seven Bathyraja species in this study." captionText-1="TABLE 9. Cranial morphometrics for Bathyraja species expressed as a % of total length. Measurementsfor B. spinosissima were not available." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5F663A9309FFD673D5FD81CF7D0979" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5F663A9301FFDE73D5FB40CD470E06" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid-0="DF5F663A9309FFD673D5FD81CF7D0979" tableUuid-1="DF5F663A9301FFDE73D5FB40CD470E06">8–9</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9F36B29337FFE873D5FBEECD180F42" blockId="12.[151,567,1042,1140]" box="[151,317,1114,1140]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aleutian Skate</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9F36B29337FFE873D5FB14CD650FC2" blockId="12.[151,1437,1183,1580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D319337FFE873D5FB14CE070F81" authority="Gilbert, C. H., 1896: 397" authorityName="Gilbert, C. H." authorityPageNumber="397" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,546,1183,1207]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aleutica">
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<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE873D5FB14CD050F81" box="[151,288,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Raja aleutica</emphasis>
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Gilbert, C.H., 1896: 397
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, Pl. 21 [
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<collectingCountry id="F33776229337FFE87137FB2BCF240F81" box="[629,769,1183,1207]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">United States</collectingCountry>
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Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner] v. 19 (for 1893) (art. 6).
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||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE87286FB0ACE020FE0" bold="true" box="[452,551,1214,1238]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<typeStatus id="549B88109337FFE87286FB0ACE020FE0" box="[452,551,1214,1238]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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||
<specimenCode id="DB869EC99337FFE87177FB0ACEEC0FE3" box="[565,713,1213,1238]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">USNM 48548</specimenCode>
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||
.
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<location id="8EFF60699337FFE87191FB0ACF960FE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987A49337FFF473D5FBA6CDFB0CED:8EFF60699337FFE87191FB0ACF960FE3" box="[723,947,1214,1238]" country="United States of America" county="Albatross station" municipality="Aleutian Islands" name="North of Sannak Pass" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">North of Sannak Pass</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BFBACC89337FFE870FFFB0AC8430FE0" box="[957,1126,1214,1238]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aleutian Islands</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62FE4E3E9337FFE87732FB0AC9380FE0" box="[1136,1309,1214,1238]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Albatross station</collectingCounty>
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3257, depth 81 fathoms.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33A65399337FFE873D5FB48C80F0D1A" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9F36B29337FFE873D5FB48C82C0E25" blockId="12.[151,1437,1183,1580]" box="[151,1033,1275,1299]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30119C9337FFE873D5FB48C82C0E25" box="[151,1033,1275,1299]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE873D5FB48CDCC0E25" author="Gilbert, C. H." box="[151,489,1275,1299]" page="397" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1896">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D319337FFE873D5FB48CDCC0E25" authority=": Gilbert, 1896: 397" authorityName="Gilbert" authorityPageNumber="397" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,489,1275,1299]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aleutica">
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<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE873D5FB48CD3A0E25" box="[151,287,1275,1299]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Raja aleutica</emphasis>
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||
:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE8726EFB4FCDCC0E25" author="Gilbert, C. H." box="[300,489,1275,1299]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="393 - 476" refId="ref39645" refString="Gilbert, C. H. (1896) The ichthyological collections of the steamer Albatross during the years 1890 and 1891. United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner, 19 (6), 393 - 476." type="journal article" year="1896">Gilbert, 1896: 397</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
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||
, pl. 21;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE87179FB4FCF250E25" author="Miller, D. J. & Lea, R. N." box="[571,768,1275,1299]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 235" refId="ref41867" refString="Miller, D. J. & Lea, R. N. (1972) Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. Department of Fish and Game Fisheries Bulletin, 157 (1), 1 - 235." type="journal article" year="1972">Miller & Lea, 1972</bibRefCitation>
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(description, figure, key).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29337FFE873D5FA94CE730E01" blockId="12.[151,1437,1183,1580]" box="[151,598,1311,1335]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30119C9337FFE873D5FA94CE730E01" box="[151,598,1311,1335]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE873D5FA94CE360E01" author="Ishiyama, R." box="[151,531,1311,1335]" page="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1952">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319337FFE873D5FA94CE360E01" authority=": Ishiyama, 1952: 9" authorityName="Ishiyama" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,531,1311,1335]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Breviraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aleutica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE873D5FA94CD750E01" box="[151,336,1311,1335]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Breviraja aleutica</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE8721FFAABCE360E01" author="Ishiyama, R." box="[349,531,1311,1335]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref40466" refString="Ishiyama, R. (1952) Studies on the rays and skates belonging to the family Rajidae, found in Japan and adjacent regions. 4. A revision of three genera of Japanese rajids, with descriptions of one new genus and four new species mostly occurred in northern Japan. Shimonoseki College of Fisheries, Shimonoseki, 34 pp." type="book" year="1952">Ishiyama, 1952: 9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(key).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29337FFE873D5FA8AC80F0D1A" blockId="12.[151,1437,1183,1580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30119C9337FFE873D5FA8AC80F0D1A" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319337FFE873D5FA8ACD9C0E60" ID-CoL="68DZR" authority=": Amaoka" authorityName="Amaoka" box="[151,441,1342,1366]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aleutica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE873D5FA8ACD700E60" box="[151,341,1342,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bathyraja aleutica</emphasis>
|
||
: Amaoka
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE87286FA8ACDDD0E60" box="[452,504,1342,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1983: 59; 170;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE871DDFA8ACF960E60" author="Eschmeyer, W. N. & Herald, E. S. & Hammann, H." box="[671,947,1342,1366]" page="49" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1983">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE871DDFA8ACF960E60" author="Eschmeyer, W. N. & Herald, E. S. & Hammann, H." box="[671,947,1342,1366]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref39185" refString="Eschmeyer, W. N., Herald, E. S. & Hammann, H. (1983) A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts, 336 pp." type="book" year="1983">
|
||
Eschmeyer
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE87054FA8ACF6F0E60" box="[790,842,1342,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1983: 49
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE870FCFA8AC8940E60" author="Masuda, H. & Amaoka, K. & Araga, C. & Uyeno, T. & Yoshino, T." box="[958,1201,1342,1366]" page="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1984">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE870FCFA8AC8940E60" author="Masuda, H. & Amaoka, K. & Araga, C. & Uyeno, T. & Yoshino, T." box="[958,1201,1342,1366]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref41475" refString="Masuda, H., Amaoka, K., Araga, C., Uyeno, T. & Yoshino, T. (1984). The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 437 pp." type="book" year="1984">
|
||
Masuda
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE87757FA8AC86C0E60" box="[1045,1097,1342,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1984: 14
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE877FEFA8AC9BD0E60" author="Stehmann, M. F. W." box="[1212,1432,1342,1366]" page="263" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1986">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE877FEFA8AC9BD0E60" author="Stehmann, M. F. W." box="[1212,1432,1342,1366]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="261 - 268" refId="ref43584" refString="Stehmann, M. F. W. (1986) Notes on the systematics of the rajid genus Bathyraja and its distribution in the world oceans. In: Uyeno, T., Arai, R., Taniuchi, T. & Matsuura, K. (Eds.), Indo-Pacific Fish Biology: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Indo-Pacific Fishes. Ichthyological Society of Japan, Tokyo, pp. 261 - 268." type="book chapter" year="1986">Stehmann, 1986: 263</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE87385FAE8CE210E42" author="McEachran, J. D. & Dunn, K. A." box="[199,516,1372,1396]" page="286" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1998">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE87385FAE8CE210E42" author="McEachran, J. D. & Dunn, K. A." box="[199,516,1372,1396]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="271 - 290" refId="ref41775" refString="McEachran, J. D. & Dunn, K. A. (1998) Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia, 1998 (2), 271 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1447424" type="journal article" year="1998">McEachran & Dunn, 1998: 286</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(listed);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE8711CFAE8CF100E42" author="Dolganov, V. N." box="[606,821,1372,1396]" page="429" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1999">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE8711CFAE8CF100E42" author="Dolganov, V. N." box="[606,821,1372,1396]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="428 - 430" refId="ref38294" refString="Dolganov, V. N. (1999) Geographic and bathymetric distribution of the rays family Rajidae in the seas of Russian Far East and the adjacent waters. Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 39 (3), 428 - 430." type="journal article" year="1999">Dolganov, 1999: 429</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE8707CFAE8C83A0E42" author="Compagno, L. J. V." box="[830,1055,1372,1396]" page="488" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1999">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE8707CFAE8C83A0E42" author="Compagno, L. J. V." box="[830,1055,1372,1396]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="471 - 498" refId="ref37878" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) Checklist of living elasmobranchs. In: Hamlett, W. C. (Ed.), Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 471 - 498." type="book chapter" year="1999">Compagno, 1999: 488</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(listed);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE8773BFAE8C9BD0E42" author="Sheiko, B. A. & Fedorov, V. V." box="[1145,1432,1372,1396]" page="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2000">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE8773BFAE8C9BD0E42" author="Sheiko, B. A. & Fedorov, V. V." box="[1145,1432,1372,1396]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="7 - 69" refId="ref43245" refString="Sheiko, B. A. & Fedorov, V. V. (2000) Part 1. Class Cephalaspidmorha, Class Chondrichthyes, Class Holocephali, Class Osteichthyes. In: Moissev, R. S. (Ed.), Catalog of the Vertebrates of Kamchatka and Adjacent Waters. Kamchatskiy Petchatniy Dvor, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, pp. 7 - 69." type="book chapter" year="2000">Sheiko & Fedorov, 2000: 15</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE87385FACFCDE00EA5" author="Mecklenburg, C. W. & Mecklenburg, T. A. & Thorsteinson, L. K." box="[199,453,1403,1427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref41829" refString="Mecklenburg, C. W., Mecklenburg, T. A. & Thorsteinson, L. K. (2002) Fishes of Alaska. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, 1037 pp." type="book" year="2002">
|
||
Mecklenburg
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE87216FAC8CDA30EA5" box="[340,390,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(listed): 99;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE87107FACFCEF60EA5" author="Nakabo, T." box="[581,723,1403,1427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref41909" refString="Nakabo, T. (2002) Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species. English Edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 866 pp." type="book" year="2002">Nakabo, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(key, listed): 166;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE870CCFACFC8170EA5" author="Hoff, G. R." box="[910,1074,1403,1427]" page="145" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE870CCFACFC8170EA5" author="Hoff, G. R." box="[910,1074,1403,1427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="145 - 148" refId="ref40111" refString="Hoff, G. R. (2002) New records of the Aleutian Skate, Bathyraja aleutica from Northern California. California Fish Game, 88, 145 - 148." type="journal article" year="2002">Hoff, 2002: 145</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE8777EFACFC9320EA5" author="Ebert, D. A." box="[1084,1303,1403,1427]" page="195" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE8777EFACFC9320EA5" author="Ebert, D. A." box="[1084,1303,1403,1427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref38720" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, rays, and chimaeras of California. No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert, 2003: 195–196</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(description, distribution);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE87210FA2ECDD60E87" author="Orlov, A. M." box="[338,499,1433,1458]" page="45" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE87210FA2ECDD60E87" author="Orlov, A. M." box="[338,499,1433,1458]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="45 - 60" refId="ref42055" refString="Orlov, A. M. (2003) Diets, feeding habits, and trophic relations of six deep-benthic skates (Rajidae) in the western Bering Sea. Aqua, 7 (2), 45 - 60." type="journal article" year="2003">Orlov, 2003: 45</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE872BCFA2ECED60E87" author="Fedorov, V. V. & Chereshnev, I. A. & Nazarkin, M. V. & Shestakov A. V. & Volobuev, V. V." box="[510,755,1433,1458]" page="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE872BCFA2ECED60E87" author="Fedorov, V. V. & Chereshnev, I. A. & Nazarkin, M. V. & Shestakov A. V. & Volobuev, V. V." box="[510,755,1433,1458]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref39236" refString="Fedorov, V. V., Chereshnev, I. A. Nazarkin, M. V., Shestakov A. V. & Volobuev, V. V. (2003) Catalog of marine and freshwater fishes of the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Vladivostok, Dalnauka, R 204 pp." type="book" year="2003">
|
||
Fedorov
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE8711BFA2ECEA90E84" box="[601,652,1434,1458]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2003: 15
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE871BCFA2ECFC20E87" author="Nelson, J. S. & Crossman, E. J. & Espinosa Perez, H. & Findley, L. T. & Gilbert, C. R. & Lea, R. N. & Williams, J. D." box="[766,999,1433,1458]" page="55" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE871BCFA2ECFC20E87" author="Nelson, J. S. & Crossman, E. J. & Espinosa Perez, H. & Findley, L. T. & Gilbert, C. R. & Lea, R. N. & Williams, J. D." box="[766,999,1433,1458]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref41938" refString="Nelson, J. S., Crossman, E. J., Espinosa Perez, H., Findley, L. T., Gilbert, C. R., Lea, R. N. & Williams, J. D. (2004) Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. 6 th Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 29. American Fisheries Society Bethesda, Maryland, 386 pp." type="book" year="2004">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E4F8509337FFE871BCFA2ECF630E84" box="[766,838,1434,1458]" country="New Zealand" name="Nelson" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nelson</collectingRegion>
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE8700EFA2ECF5A0E84" box="[844,895,1434,1458]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004: 55
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE870B3FA2EC8E00E84" author="Love, M. S. & Mecklenburg, C. W. & Mecklenburg, T. A. & Thorsteinson, L. K." box="[1009,1221,1433,1458]" page="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE870B3FA2EC8E00E84" author="Love, M. S. & Mecklenburg, C. W. & Mecklenburg, T. A. & Thorsteinson, L. K." box="[1009,1221,1433,1458]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref41387" refString="Love, M. S., Mecklenburg, C. W., Mecklenburg, T. A. & Thorsteinson, L. K. (2005) Resource inventory of marine and estuarine fishes of the west coast and Alaska: A checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border. U. S. Department of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Seattle, Washington, 276 pp." type="book" year="2005">
|
||
Love
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE87769FA2EC87A0E84" box="[1067,1119,1434,1458]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005: 11
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE87792FA2ECD0B0EE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6250535" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6250535" author="Ebert, D. A. & Compagno, L. J. V." httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA442873E69D2332F17FB565E494A547" page="116" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE87792FA2ECD0B0EE6" author="Ebert, D. A. & Compagno, L. J. V." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="111 - 124" refId="ref38811" refString="Ebert, D. A. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2007) Biodiversity and systematics of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80 (1), 111 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9247 - 0" type="journal article" year="2007">Ebert & Compagno, 2007: 116</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(listed);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE872CDFA0CCEB90EE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6250535" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6250535" author="Ebert, D. A. & Davis, C. D." box="[399,668,1464,1488]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA442873E69D2332F17FB565E494A547" page="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE872CDFA0CCEB90EE6" author="Ebert, D. A. & Davis, C. D." box="[399,668,1464,1488]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref38873" refString="Ebert, D. A. & Davis, C. D. (2007) Descriptions of skate egg cases (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from the eastern North Pacific. Zootaxa, 1393 (2007), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1393.1.1" type="journal article" year="2007">Ebert & Davis, 2007: 4–5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(egg case description);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE870DAFA0DC8510EE6" author="Page, L. M. & Espinosa-Perez, H. & Findley, L. D. & Gilbert, C. R. & Lea, R. N. & Mandrak, N. E. & Mayden R. L. & Nelson, J. S." box="[920,1140,1464,1489]" page="55" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2013">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE870DAFA0DC8510EE6" author="Page, L. M. & Espinosa-Perez, H. & Findley, L. D. & Gilbert, C. R. & Lea, R. N. & Mandrak, N. E. & Mayden R. L. & Nelson, J. S." box="[920,1140,1464,1489]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref42235" refString="Page, L. M., Espinosa-Perez, H., Findley, L. D., Gilbert, C. R. Lea, R. N., Mandrak, N. E., Mayden R. L. & Nelson, J. S. (2013) Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. 7 th Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 34. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, 384 pp." type="book" year="2013">
|
||
Page
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE87090FA0DC8220EE6" box="[978,1031,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013: 55
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE877C3FA0CC9B90EE6" author="Shinohara, G. & Nakae, M. & Ueda, Y. & Kojima, S. & Matsuura, K." box="[1153,1436,1464,1488]" page="234" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2014">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE877C3FA0CC9B90EE6" author="Shinohara, G. & Nakae, M. & Ueda, Y. & Kojima, S. & Matsuura, K." box="[1153,1436,1464,1488]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="225 - 291" refId="ref43311" refString="Shinohara, G., Nakae, M., Ueda, Y., Kojima, S. & Matsuura, K. (2014) Annotated checklist of deep-sea fishes of the Sea of Japan. In: Fujita, T. (Ed.), Deep-sea fauna of the Sea of Japan. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs No. 44. National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 225 - 291." type="book chapter" year="2014">
|
||
Shinohara
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE877B2FA0DC9030EE6" box="[1264,1318,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014: 234
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(listed);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE8725CFA63CDDD0ED9" author="Parin, N. V. & Evseenko, S. A. & Vasil'eva, E. D." box="[286,504,1495,1519]" page="30" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2014">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE8725CFA63CDDD0ED9" author="Parin, N. V. & Evseenko, S. A. & Vasil'eva, E. D." box="[286,504,1495,1519]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref42327" refString="Parin, N. V., Evseenko, S. A. & Vasil'eva, E. D. (2014) Fishes of Russian Seas: Annotated Catalogue. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, 733 pp." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Parin
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE87219FA6CCDB50ED9" box="[347,400,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014: 30
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(listed);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE87114FA63CF200ED9" author="Dyldin, Y. V." box="[598,773,1495,1519]" page="61" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2015">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE87114FA63CF200ED9" author="Dyldin, Y. V." box="[598,773,1495,1519]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="40 - 91" refId="ref38532" refString="Dyldin, Y. V. (2015) Annotated checklist of the sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii, Holocephali) from waters of Russia and adjacent areas. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 43, 40 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 197957" type="journal article" year="2015">Dyldin, 2015: 61</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(listed);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE87021FA63C81C0ED9" author="Weigmann, S." box="[867,1081,1495,1519]" page="90" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE87021FA63C81C0ED9" author="Weigmann, S." box="[867,1081,1495,1519]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="837 - 1037" refId="ref44200" refString="Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88 (3), 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874" type="journal article" year="2016">Weigmann, 2016: 90</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(listed); Last
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE87789FA6CC9250ED9" box="[1227,1280,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016: 25, 376 (listed, figure);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE87226FA42CE130D38" author="Kells, V. & Rocha, L. A. & Allen, L. G." box="[356,566,1526,1550]" page="78" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE87226FA42CE130D38" author="Kells, V. & Rocha, L. A. & Allen, L. G." box="[356,566,1526,1550]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref40968" refString="Kells, V., Rocha, L. A. & Allen, L. G. (2016) A field guide to coastal fishes from Alaska to California. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 368 pp." type="book" year="2016">
|
||
Kells
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE872E2FA42CDF70D38" box="[416,466,1526,1550]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016: 78
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(figure);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE871D5FA42CF490D38" author="Ebert, D. A. & Bigman, J. S. & Lawson, J. M." box="[663,876,1526,1550]" page="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2017">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE871D5FA42CF490D38" author="Ebert, D. A. & Bigman, J. S. & Lawson, J. M." box="[663,876,1526,1550]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref39032" refString="Ebert, D. A., Bigman, J. S. & Lawson, J. M. (2017) Biodiversity, Life History, and Conservation of Northeastern Pacific Chondrichthyans. In: Larson, S. E. & Lowry, D. (Eds.), Advances in Marine Biology. Vol. 77. Oxford Academic Press, Oxford, pp. 9 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / bs. amb. 2017.07.001" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Ebert
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE87191FA42CF230D38" box="[723,774,1526,1550]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017: 21
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 58, 67 (description, distribution, key, listed);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE8767EFA42CD530D1A" author="Dyldin, Y. V. & Orlov, A. M." page="168" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2018">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE8767EFA42CD530D1A" author="Dyldin, Y. V. & Orlov, A. M." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="158 - 180" refId="ref38589" refString="Dyldin, Y. V. & Orlov, A. M. (2018) An annotated list of cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii, Holocephali) of the coastal waters of Sakhalin Island and the adjacent southern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Journal of Ichthyology, 58 (2), 158 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0032945218020042" type="journal article" year="2018">Dyldin & Orlov, 2018: 168</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE872C3F9A1CE560D1A" author="Burton, E. J. & Lea, R. N." box="[385,627,1556,1580]" page="32" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2019">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE872C3F9A1CE560D1A" author="Burton, E. J. & Lea, R. N." box="[385,627,1556,1580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref37539" refString="Burton, E. J. & Lea, R. N. (2019) Annotated checklist of fishes from Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary with notes on extralimital species. ZooKeys, 887, 1 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 887.38024" type="journal article" year="2019">Burton & Lea, 2019: 32</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(listed);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8110A39337FFE8718DF9A0CFF00D1A" author="Dyldin, Y. V. & Orlov, A. M." box="[719,981,1556,1580]" page="58" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2021">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439337FFE8718DF9A0CFF00D1A" author="Dyldin, Y. V. & Orlov, A. M." box="[719,981,1556,1580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="48 - 79" refId="ref38660" refString="Dyldin, Y. V. & Orlov, A. M. (2021) Annotated list of ichthyofauna of inland and coastal waters of Sakhalin Island. 1. Families Petromyzontidae -- Salmonidae. Journal of Ichthyology, 61 (1), 48 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0032945221010057" type="journal article" year="2021">Dyldin & Orlov, 2021: 58</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(listed).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A65399337FFE873D5F9EECFD10CA2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29337FFE873D5F9EECFD10CA2" blockId="12.[151,1437,1626,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE873D5F9EECD370D42" bold="true" box="[151,274,1626,1652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Large, rhomboidal skates (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B579337FFE8710CF9EECEE10D43" box="[590,708,1626,1653]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1540.0">1,540 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL), long head length (16.7–24.3% TL), and rounded pectoral apices; interdorsal space large (1.3–3.1% TL); claspers short and stubby, tip rounded and not bulbous, weakly defined pseudosiphon present, dorsal lobe has a short pseudorhipidion, U-shaped cleft, ventral lobe with a rounded projection; teeth in 34–42 and 32–38 rows on upper and lower jaw, respectively; pectoral radials 90; pelvic fins, 22; total vertebrae 152; dorsal surface with fine prickles, becoming larger on the tail; thorns present on dorsal surface, males possess alar thorns, malar thorns absent, middorsal thorns developed and high in number (4–11), nuchal thorns strong (3–5), scapular and tail thorns present, interdorsal thorns weak (1–2); dorsal coloration dark brown to grey, dark spots on pectorals, ocellus on either pectoral fin often present, ventral coloration white, with darker coloration on the snout, gills, disc margins, pelvics, and underside of the tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A65399337FFEB7385F82ACCC5080F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29337FFE97385F82AC8AC0AC0" blockId="12.[151,1437,1626,2013]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,502]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09337FFE87385F82ACD7C0C8E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1950,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
A large skate with a rhomboidal disc, 1.1–2.1 times as broad as long; anterior margin moderately concave in adult males, straight to slightly convex beside and just forward of eyes; pectoral fin apices broadly rounded; posterior margin slightly convex; free rear tip broadly rounded. Head length long 16.7–24.3% TL; preorbital snout length long 9.7–16.9% TL; preoral length relatively long 11.8–17.5% TL. Snout tip broadly triangular, possessing no fleshy process at apex. Deeply concave space directly behind eyes, eye length relatively small 2.6–5.0% TL. Interorbital width short 3.3–5.3% TL. Spiracles average 1.6–3.7% TL, oval shaped. Mouth width short 6.2–10.0% TL. Nasal curtain length average 2.8–4.5% TL, width average 7.0–9.0% TL, its posterior margin fringed at the corners; anterior margin of curtain lobe-like. Internarial distance 6.6–7.7% TL; first gill slit length 1.2–2.5% TL; fifth gill slit length 0.7–2.1% TL; distance between first gill slits large 14.7–20.2% TL, and distance between fifth gill slits 10.1–13.4% TL. Upper jaw moderately well arched, possessing a symphysis; lower jaw convex. Teeth similar in both jaws; teeth unicuspid, with a strong, bluntly pointed posteriorly directed cusp; arranged in longitudinal rows; upper and lower teeth high in number (34–42 and 32–38, respectively).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F663A9336FFE973D5F961CDE00C27" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601290" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601290/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[151,250,1749,1773]" targetBox="[384,1193,544,1716]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29336FFE973D5F961CDE00C27" blockId="13.[151,1436,1749,1809]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09336FFE973D5F961CD370DDB" bold="true" box="[151,274,1749,1773]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319336FFE9725AF961CE770DDB" authority=", PSRC Bale" authorityName="PSRC Bale" box="[280,594,1749,1773]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aleutica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09336FFE9725AF961CDF00DDB" box="[280,469,1749,1773]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bathyraja aleutica</emphasis>
|
||
, PSRC Bale
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
070313-1, 908 mm TL, immature male, dorsal view, after freezing. Photo by J.D.S. Knuckey. Scale bar = 60 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29336FFEA7385F88BC8EE0A2B" blockId="13.[151,1436,1855,2026]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,150,285]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pelvic fins average overall; anterior lobe short 6.9–9.9% TL, posterior lobe relatively long 7.2–15.7% TL, and similar between sexes and maturities, inner margin deeply incised. Tail relatively long 51.1–60.9% TL, rather slender, wider at base, tapering to the first dorsal fin origin, not expanded in the middle. Lateral tail fold length 13.9–24.0% TL, similar in both sexes, not obviously broader at any point along its length. Dorsal fins moderate in size and shape, both dorsal fins similar in height, 1.9–3.0% TL and 1.7–3.1% TL, respectively; bases of both dorsal fins are the same length, 2.8–5.0% TL; anterior margins of both fins concave, apices rounded; free rear tip rounded, occasionally pointed; interdorsal space large 1.3–3.1% TL, with larger individuals having a shorter interdorsal space, rear tip of first dorsal fin not overlapping base of second dorsal fin. Caudal fin moderate, low, height 0.5–2.1% TL; its dorsal margin weakly concave; connected to second dorsal fin by a small membranous ridge.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F663A9335FFEA73D5FA51CDF40D16" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601292" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601292/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[151,250,1509,1533]" targetBox="[424,1164,360,1473]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29335FFEA73D5FA51CDF40D16" blockId="14.[151,1436,1509,1569]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09335FFEA73D5FA51CD330ECB" bold="true" box="[151,278,1509,1533]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319335FFEA725DFA51CE460ECB" authority=", PSRC Bale" authorityName="PSRC Bale" box="[287,611,1509,1533]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aleutica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09335FFEA725DFA51CDFA0ECB" box="[287,479,1509,1533]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bathyraja aleutica</emphasis>
|
||
, PSRC Bale
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
062812-1, 1,198 mm TL, female, ventral view, after freezing. Photo by J.D.S. Knuckey. Scale bar = 130 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29335FFEA7385F9FBC8660C2B" blockId="14.[151,1436,1615,2038]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dorsal surface covered with fine prickles, with larger prickles on the tail; ventral surface smooth. Scapular, middorsal, nuchal, interdorsal, and tail thorns present, males with a well-developed set of alar thorns; malar thorns absent; thorns vary slightly in size, from moderate to well-developed. Middorsal thorns well-developed and high in number (4–11); nuchal thorns very well-developed and high in numbers (3–5); 1–2 scapular thorns present on either side; tail thorns average (25–30); interdorsal thorns weakly developed (1–2). Alar thorn patches range between 7–8 rows and 21–24 columns on both pectoral fins. No multiple rows of thorns on body.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29335FFEA7385F89CCF130C9B" blockId="14.[151,1436,1615,2038]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Mature claspers relatively short and stubby, base length 1.3% TL, inner length 23.1% TL, and tip of clasper rounded and not bulbous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B2A379335FFEA72F7F8FFCE300C53" box="[437,533,1867,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[593,990,1007,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-370@15.[588,998,993,1899]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Components of the clasper for Bathyraja aleutica, Bale 090913-1, 1191 mm TL, mature male. CL- cleft, PJ- projection, PR- pseudorhipidion, PS- pseudosiphon. Photo by J.D.S. Knuckey." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601294/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clasper inner length 42.6% of tail length; weakly defined pseudosiphon present, its length 30.8% of the clasper length; inner surface of dorsal lobe possesses a short pseudorhipidion; U-shaped cleft; inner surface of ventral lobe has a rounded projection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29335FFEB7385F803C8420BCF" blockId="14.[151,1436,1615,2038]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,969]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Clasper skeleton consists of 3 dorsal terminal, 1 accessory terminal, ventral terminal and axial cartilages; dorsal terminal 1 large, taking up most of the dorsal surface; dorsal terminal 1 forms a weakly defined pseudosiphon externally; the tip of the dorsal marginal is round, and forms a thick, short, but poorly defined pseudorhipidion externally; ventral terminal curved and pointed, possessing a tip that forms the projection externally; accessory terminal 1 almost as long as the ventral terminal; tip of accessory terminal 1 is pointed.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29334FFEB7385FEB7CD2A0A53" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Dermal denticles possess 4–7 points at the base; developed on the posterior third of the dorsal surface; denticles on the first dorsal fin strong curved, claw-like; denticles on head wider than dorsal fin; found in high density patches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B2A379334FFEB73DDFEFFCD240A53" box="[159,257,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[509,1085,215,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[472,1115,181,1098]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron microscope images of the dermal denticles of Bathyraja aleutica, Bale 090913-1, 1191 mm TL, mature male, from A. the first dorsal fin and B. the head region, behind the eyes. Photos by Justin Cordova (MLML)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601296/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29334FFEB7385FEDBC9420AE7" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Length of rostral cartilage 47.2% of cranial length; prefontanelle rostral length 48.4%; cranial width 87.3% least interorbital width 18.3%; length of anterior prefontanelle 11.1%; length of posterior prefontanelle 11.1%; length of rostral appendices 20.6%. Rostral cartilage nearly straight; the two fontanelles are equal in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B2A379334FFEB77ABFE03C97F0AE7" box="[1257,1370,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1479,1503]" captionTargetBox="[180,1381,193,1429]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[180,1406,181,1455]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ventral view X-radiograph of Bathyraja aleutica, CAS 243646, 306 mm TL, immature female. X-radiogram by Jon Fong (CAS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601298/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29334FFEB7385FE6ECD88099F" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09334FFEB7385FE6ECD6A0AC2" bold="true" box="[199,335,474,500]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal coloration dark brown to grey, with dark spots on pectoral fins, often darker at the disc margins. One ocellus on either pectoral fin is present in some specimens. Spiracles often pale in coloration. Ventral coloration white, including the claspers, but with dark brown to dark grey coloration on the snout, gills, posterior disc margins, pelvic fins, cloaca, and underside of the tail. Thorns on dorsal surface pale. Coloration after preservation is brown dorsally and pale ventrally, with the dark spots on pectoral fins largely becoming lighter and closer in color to the rest of the surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29334FFEB7385FD07CCC5080F" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09334FFEB7385FD07CD9909FA" bold="true" box="[199,444,690,717]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Egg case description</emphasis>
|
||
. Egg cases large (>
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B579334FFEB71D5FD07CED009FB" box="[663,757,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL), golden brown in color, and covered by coarse, striated, and anteriorly-directed prickles, which give is a velvety texture. Cases possess long, curved horns at each corner, with the anterior horns being short. Horns taper and become thin and filamentous at their ends (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439334FFEB77AEFD4FCCF1080F" author="Ebert, D. A. & Davis, C. D." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref38873" refString="Ebert, D. A. & Davis, C. D. (2007) Descriptions of skate egg cases (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from the eastern North Pacific. Zootaxa, 1393 (2007), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1393.1.1" type="journal article" year="2007">Ebert & Davis, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A65399334FFF47385FCF6CD110EAC" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29334FFEB7385FCF6CE4408FF" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09334FFEB7385FCF6CD44086A" bold="true" box="[199,353,834,860]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319334FFEB722BFCF7CE19086B" box="[361,572,835,861]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aleutica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09334FFEB722BFCF7CE19086B" box="[361,572,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bathyraja aleutica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been confirmed as occurring in the North Pacific, specifically from the Bering Sea, south to Cape Mendocino, northern California, and as far west as northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33776229334FFEB7714FCD3C8B308B7" box="[1110,1174,871,897]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439334FFEB77E1FCD3C90E08B7" author="Ebert, D. A." box="[1187,1323,871,897]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref38720" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, rays, and chimaeras of California. No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It occurs at depths of
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B579334FFEB7262FC3ECD800893" box="[288,421,906,933]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.084999999999999" metricValueMax="16.02" metricValueMin="0.15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="808.5" valueMax="1602.0" valueMin="15.0">15–1,602 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B439334FFEB72F6FC3FCE5E0893" author="Kyne, P. M. & Carlson, J. K. & Ebert, D. A. & Fordham, S. V. & Bizzarro, J. J. & Graham, R. T. & Kulka, D. W. & Tewes, E. E. & Harrison, L. R. & Dulvy, N. K." box="[436,635,907,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref41119" refString="Kyne, P. M., Carlson, J. K., Ebert, D. A., Fordham, S. V., Bizzarro, J. J., Graham, R. T., Kulka, D. W., Tewes, E. E., Harrison, L. R. & Dulvy, N. K. (2012) The Conservation Status of North American, Central American, and Caribbean Chondrichthyans. IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group, Vancouver, Canada, 148 pp." type="book" year="2012">
|
||
Kyne
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09334FFEB72BBFC3FCE140893" box="[505,561,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the specimens included in this study were all from the shallow portion of the species’ depth range (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B579334FFEB7292FC1BCE7008FF" box="[464,597,943,969]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.545" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="3.79" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="554.5" valueMax="730.0" valueMin="379.0">379–730 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F663A9334FFEB73D5F836CFFC0C88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601294" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601294/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[151,250,1922,1946]" targetBox="[593,990,1007,1896]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B29334FFEB73D5F836CFFC0C88" blockId="15.[151,1436,1922,1982]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09334FFEB73D5F836CD3D0CAC" bold="true" box="[151,280,1922,1946]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Components of the clasper for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D319334FFEB7138F836CF580CAC" authority=", Bale" authorityName="Bale" box="[634,893,1922,1946]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aleutica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA09334FFEB7138F836CF660CAC" box="[634,835,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bathyraja aleutica,</emphasis>
|
||
Bale
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
090913-1, 1191 mm TL, mature male. CL- cleft, PJ- projection, PR- pseudorhipidion, PS- pseudosiphon. Photo by J.D.S. Knuckey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F663A932BFFF473D5FBD6C9190FA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601296" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601296/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[151,250,1122,1146]" targetBox="[509,1085,215,1088]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2932BFFF473D5FBD6C9190FA8" blockId="16.[151,1436,1122,1182]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF473D5FBD6CD360F4C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1122,1146]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron microscope images of the dermal denticles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31932BFFF470E4FBD6C8BB0F4C" authority=", Bale" authorityName="Bale" box="[934,1182,1122,1146]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aleutica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF470E4FBD6C84F0F4C" box="[934,1130,1122,1146]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bathyraja aleutica,</emphasis>
|
||
Bale
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
090913-1, 1191 mm TL, mature male, from A. the first dorsal fin and B. the head region, behind the eyes. Photos by Justin Cordova (MLML).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2932BFFF47385FB78CF000E64" blockId="16.[151,1437,1228,2011]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF47385FB78CDA70FD0" bold="true" box="[199,386,1228,1254]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Biological notes</emphasis>
|
||
. Size at maturity for males
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B57932BFFF471F5FB78CF2D0FD1" box="[695,776,1228,1255]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="113.0">113 cm</quantity>
|
||
TL;
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B57932BFFF4707DFB78CFB70FD1" box="[831,914,1228,1255]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="125.0">125 cm</quantity>
|
||
TL for females. Males grow to at least
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B57932BFFF4760BFB78C9B90FD1" box="[1353,1436,1228,1255]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="150.0">150 cm</quantity>
|
||
TL; females grow to about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B57932BFFF47288FB44CE380E3D" box="[458,541,1264,1291]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="154.0">154 cm</quantity>
|
||
TL. Size at birth is
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B57932BFFF471BFFB44CF490E3D" box="[765,876,1264,1291]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12–15 cm</quantity>
|
||
TL (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43932BFFF470E1FB44C80F0E3C" author="Ebert, D. A." box="[931,1066,1264,1290]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref38720" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, rays, and chimaeras of California. No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43932BFFF47774FB44C8560E3D" author="Ebert, D. A." box="[1078,1139,1264,1291]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="618 - 649" refId="ref38754" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2005) Reproductive biology of skates, Bathyraja (Ishiyama), along the eastern Bering Sea continental slope. Journal of Fish Biology, 66 (1), 618 - 649. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 0022 - 1112.2005.00628. x" type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Maximum size is at least
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B57932BFFF473D5FAA0CCCE0E19" box="[151,235,1300,1327]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="154.0">154 cm</quantity>
|
||
TL (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43932BFFF47261FAA0CD800E18" author="Haas, D. L." box="[291,421,1300,1326]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref39915" refString="Haas, D. L. (2011) Age, growth, and reproduction of the Aleutian skate, Bathyraja aleutica, from Alaskan waters. California State University, Monterey Bay, Monterey, California, 118 pp." type="book" year="2011">Haas, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43932BFFF472F3FAA1CE500E19" author="Haas, D. L. & Ebert, D. A. & Cailliet, G. M." box="[433,629,1300,1327]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="813 - 828" refId="ref40008" refString="Haas, D. L., Ebert, D. A. & Cailliet, G. M. (2016) Comparative age and growth of the Aleutian skate, Bathyraja aleutica, from the eastern Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 99 (11), 813 - 828. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 016 - 0518 - 5" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Haas
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF472B3FAA1CE0C0E18" box="[497,553,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Primarily consumes benthic crustaceans, including shrimps and crabs, and secondarily feeds on bony fishes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43932BFFF47101FA8CCF3F0E64" author="Brown, S. C. & Bizzarro, J. J. & Cailliet, G. M. & Ebert, D. A." box="[579,794,1336,1363]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="3 - 20" refId="ref37455" refString="Brown, S. C., Bizzarro, J. J., Cailliet, G. M. & Ebert, D. A. (2011) Breaking with tradition: redefining measures for diet description with a case study of the Aleutian skate Bathyraja aleutica (Gilbert 1896) Environmental Biology of Fishes, 95 (1), 3 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 011 - 9959 - z" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Brown
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF471DAFA8DCEF50E64" box="[664,720,1336,1362]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2932BFFF47385FAE8CD110EAC" blockId="16.[151,1437,1228,2011]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF47385FAE8CD060E40" bold="true" box="[199,291,1372,1398]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
. Inhabits deep waters, on the outer continental shelf and upper slope, often over muddy sediment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43932BFFF473DDFA34CD0D0EAC" author="Ebert, D. A." box="[159,296,1408,1434]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref38720" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, rays, and chimaeras of California. No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A6539932BFFF47385FA10C89C0C7D" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2932BFFF47385FA10C9220E88" blockId="16.[151,1437,1228,2011]" box="[199,1287,1444,1471]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF47385FA10CD6B0E88" bold="true" box="[199,334,1444,1470]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species was named after the Aleutian Islands, where the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B8810932BFFF470BDFA10C8440E88" box="[1023,1121,1444,1470]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2932BFFF47385FA7CCEB20DA0" blockId="16.[151,1437,1228,2011]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF47385FA7CCD430ED4" bold="true" box="[199,358,1480,1506]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31932BFFF47234FA7CCE6C0ED4" box="[374,585,1480,1506]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aleutica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF47234FA7CCE6C0ED4" box="[374,585,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bathyraja aleutica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a relatively large skate that can be easily separated from other smallerbodied skates in its range (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31932BFFF47142FA59CEB70D30" baseAuthorityName="Gill & Townsend" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[512,658,1517,1542]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF47142FA59CEB70D30" box="[512,658,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31932BFFF471E2FA59CF060D30" authorityName=", Ishihara and Ishiyama" authorityYear="1985" box="[672,803,1516,1542]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kincaidii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF471E2FA59CF060D30" box="[672,803,1516,1542]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. kincaidii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31932BFFF47070FA59CFC00D30" baseAuthorityName="Osburn & Nichols" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[818,997,1516,1542]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF47070FA59CFC00D30" box="[818,997,1516,1542]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31932BFFF47766FA59C8830D30" baseAuthorityName="Gilbert" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1060,1190,1516,1542]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF47766FA59C8830D30" box="[1060,1190,1516,1542]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. trachura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) based on coloration, thorn counts, and morphological measurements. Of the small skates, only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31932BFFF47095F9A5C8AC0D1C" baseAuthorityName="Osburn & Nichols" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[983,1161,1552,1578]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtrachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF47095F9A5C8AC0D1C" box="[983,1161,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. microtrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses similar dorsal and ventral coloration, but lacks middorsal, nuchal, and scapular thorns. Interdorsal space is significantly larger than all of its congeners (F
|
||
<subScript id="17A434F7932BFFF472C5F9DECD890D4E" attach="left" box="[391,428,1642,1656]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6,104</subScript>
|
||
= 15.3, p <0.0001). Furthermore, middorsal thorns are significantly higher in number than all of its congeners (F
|
||
<subScript id="17A434F7932BFFF472C9F93ACD950DAA" attach="left" box="[395,432,1678,1692]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6,104</subScript>
|
||
= 16.2, p <0.0001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2932BFFF47385F914C89C0C7D" blockId="16.[151,1437,1228,2011]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31932BFFF47385F914CDEA0D8C" baseAuthorityName="Beebe & Tee-Van" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[199,463,1696,1722]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF47385F914CDEA0D8C" box="[199,463,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bathyraja spinosissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31932BFFF4714BF915CEBA0D8C" box="[521,671,1696,1722]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF4714BF915CEBA0D8C" box="[521,671,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. abyssicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar in size and range to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31932BFFF47750F915C8A80D8C" box="[1042,1165,1696,1722]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aleutica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF47750F915C8A80D8C" box="[1042,1165,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. aleutica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the pale coloration and lack of middorsal, nuchal, and scapular thorns in the former easily separates it.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31932BFFF47718F970C96C0DE8" box="[1114,1353,1732,1758]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF47718F970C96C0DE8" box="[1114,1353,1732,1758]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bathyraja abyssicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31932BFFF4722DF95DCDCD0C34" box="[367,488,1768,1794]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aleutica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF4722DF95DCDCD0C34" box="[367,488,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. aleutica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that it possesses 0–2 middorsal thorns and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31932BFFF470A0F95DC87E0C34" box="[994,1115,1768,1794]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aleutica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF470A0F95DC87E0C34" box="[994,1115,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. aleutica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B57932BFFF477CEF95CC8C50C34" box="[1164,1248,1768,1794]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.905" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="7.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="4.0">4–11 in</quantity>
|
||
the same region. Mature claspers can also be used, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31932BFFF47106F8B9CEFE0C10" box="[580,731,1804,1830]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF47106F8B9CEFE0C10" box="[580,731,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. abyssicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized as having long, thin claspers with strong, Vshaped clefts, compared to the short, stubby claspers with weak U-shaped clefts in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D31932BFFF4777AF885C8940C7C" box="[1080,1201,1840,1866]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Bathyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aleutica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF4777AF885C8940C7C" box="[1080,1201,1840,1866]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. aleutica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A6539932BFFF47385F8E0CDFB0CED" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36B2932BFFF47385F8E0CDFB0CED" blockId="16.[151,1437,1228,2011]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF47385F8E0CD110C58" bold="true" box="[199,308,1876,1902]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Nursery regions have been identified on the continental shelf-slope interface in the southeastern Bering Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43932BFFF47260F8CCCD840CA4" author="Hoff, G. R." box="[290,417,1912,1938]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref40143" refString="Hoff, G. R. (2007) Reproductive biology of the Alaska Skate Bathyraja parmifera, with regard to nursery sites, embryo development and predation. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 173 pp." type="book" year="2007">Hoff, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43932BFFF472EEF8CCCDCC0CA4" author="Hoff, G. R." box="[428,489,1912,1938]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="243 - 254" refId="ref40183" refString="Hoff, G. R. (2010) Identification of skate nursery habitat in the eastern Bering Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 403, 243 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 08424" type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Eggs are deposited on substrate from June to November (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43932BFFF4773CF8CCC8DB0CA4" author="Hoff, G. R." box="[1150,1278,1912,1938]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="145 - 148" refId="ref40111" refString="Hoff, G. R. (2002) New records of the Aleutian Skate, Bathyraja aleutica from Northern California. California Fish Game, 88, 145 - 148." type="journal article" year="2002">Hoff, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43932BFFF4764BF8CCC9B40CA4" author="Ebert, D. A." box="[1289,1425,1912,1938]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref38720" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, rays, and chimaeras of California. No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species has been reported to exhibit complete albinism, with an albino specimen coming from Prince William Sound (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B43932BFFF473AFF874CDF70CED" author="Bigman, J. S. & Knuckey, J. D. S. & Ebert, D. A." box="[237,466,1984,2011]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="579 - 587" refId="ref37154" refString="Bigman, J. S., Knuckey, J. D. S. & Ebert, D. A. (2015) Color aberrations in Chondrichthyan fishes: First records in the genus Bathyraja (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae). Marine Biodiversity, 46 (2015), 579 - 587. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 015 - 0403 - z" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Bigman
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA0932BFFF4720DF875CDA20CEC" box="[335,391,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |