118 lines
13 KiB
XML
118 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document id="DF2EA963B669ACD67CA205E7D56825B4" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.05.008" ID-ISSN="1873-3700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10483984" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1704938445945" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Fiorito, Serena, Epifano, Francesco, Preziuso, Francesca, Taddeo, Vito Alessandro & Genovese, Salvatore" docDate="2018" docId="0385EF62FF96FF84FC91D329FD49301A" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytochemistry.153.1-10.pdf" docOrigin="Phytochemistry 153" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.05.008" docStyle="DocumentStyle:9E596C34F4E94307D29315B03ACE1007.6:Phytochemistry.2014-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="9E596C34F4E94307D29315B03ACE1007" docStyleName="Phytochemistry.2014-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Allium sativum L" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="FFBC971AFF94FF87FFA3D759FFC03138" masterDocTitle="Selenylated plant polysaccharides: A survey of their chemical and pharmacological properties" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1705322845058" updateUser="juliana">
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<mods:title id="69B1664F33041553C9D3FE3C85299348">Selenylated plant polysaccharides: A survey of their chemical and pharmacological properties</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="42593C553949EFE2022513EF5C9E155F">Fiorito, Serena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="781A0A438E072BDABFC1B727ADB79FB1">Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università “ G. d’Annunzio ” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy & Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 06123, Perugia, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5D24DBA9F072B197DD02956F39F70412">Epifano, Francesco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="80495B5938344AE5140B920268D5115C">Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università “ G. d’Annunzio ” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0725EEDC35585D895E583F26830F7471" type="email">fepifano@unich.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F75088AE305B87C069647E9BD1D6DACE">Preziuso, Francesca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4FE85973CDA3C8F558114CD57A1E0B8A">Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università “ G. d’Annunzio ” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ABE1FEB235EF253E50D0E2B1D390D747">Taddeo, Vito Alessandro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0370EF923645BAC9C35A105AAFA616BB">Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università “ G. d’Annunzio ” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F5FD7434BDEF06E1E8D36AC7A3BD3967">Genovese, Salvatore</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D62B880BDB4ADBDCAE8BB8431607DD09">Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università “ G. d’Annunzio ” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="F51BE5244406EC82569388016FC78E45">Phytochemistry</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9F3041FE8DB7B6163870D4471EC9B604">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7E8D522B1052E3D76C52FDB57EF1CFE1">2018-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DBA5D6A3F30A74C1B6960B912D3B0B51">153</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="11A0EF59C8B92C8DADE7FEE3746CCEF7">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.05.008</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="929127AA6FC005B07AEB9A99580A1C19" type="DOI">10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.05.008</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="52B50BCFA966FDF3CA253A68B535E6CD" type="ISSN">1873-3700</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0385EF62FF96FF84FC91D329FD49301A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385EF62FF96FF84FC91D329FD49301A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0385EF62FF96FF84FC91D329FD49301A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0DBE918FF96FF85FC91D329FBCA35BB" bold="true" box="[818,1034,1136,1155]" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9588266FF96FF85FC91D329FBCA35BB" bold="true" box="[818,1034,1136,1155]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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5.1.1.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C25F7FF96FF85FCD1D329FBCA35BB" ID-CoL="6697C" authority="L" authorityName="L" box="[882,1034,1136,1155]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativum">Allium sativum L</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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Garlic is well known for its properties both as a medicinal and a food plant. Polysaccharides from different parts of this species are endowed for their capacity to positively modulate the immune response to microbial and viral infections (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD2385FF96FF85FBF2D386FAA535CA" author="Sabater Molina, M. & Largue, E. & Torrella, F. & Zamora, S." box="[1105,1381,1247,1266]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="315 - 328" refId="ref12944" refString="Sabater Molina, M., Largue, E., Torrella, F., Zamora, S., 2009. Dietary fructooligosaccharides and potential benefit sto health. J. Physiol. Biochem. 65, 315 - 328." type="journal article" year="2009">Sabater Molina et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
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) and as a powerful natural remedy for the cure of metabolic syndrome (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD2385FF96FF85FAD2D3A2FC4A3412" author="Wang, H. X. & Ng, T. B." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="2663 - 2677" refId="ref13195" refString="Wang, H. X., Ng, T. B., 1999. Natural products with hypoglycemic, anti-hypertensive, hypocholesterolemic, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-thrombotic activities. Life Sci. 65, 2663 - 2677." type="journal article" year="1999">Wang and Ng, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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). The effect of the introduction of Se into the carbohydrate skeleton of garlic polysaccharides have been investigated for the first time in 2014 by Qiu and coworkers. These authors obtained a library of 9 Se-P samples in low yield (18.1%–37.6%) but good Se content (
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/g -
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/g). All polymers were preliminarily tested for their effects
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<emphasis id="B9588266FF96FF85FCD6D2FAFC76348E" bold="true" box="[885,950,1443,1462]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">in vitro</emphasis>
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on bioavailability and proliferation rate in chicken peripheral lymphocytes by the MTT test in the concentration range
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μg/mL. The 3 Se-Ps with the highest content in Se (
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/g,
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<quantity id="4CD4F391FF96FF85FC0BD2AFFC373731" box="[936,1015,1526,1545]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mg" value="11.3">11.3 mg</quantity>
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/g, and
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/g) displayed at all doses assayed the best effects being able to increase lymphocytes proliferation by 43.9%, 52.2%, and 57.9% respectively. It is noteworthy that all polymers of the synthesized library provided better results than the native polysaccharide. The most effective Se-Ps were subsequently tested
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<emphasis id="B9588266FF96FF85FA1DD13FFC9637AD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">in vivo</emphasis>
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in chickens previously vaccinated with ND vaccine. Se-Ps were administered i.m. for 3 days and the overall duration of the experiment was 4 weeks. Key parameters like lymphocyte proliferation, serum antibody titer, IFN-γ, and IL-2 concentrations were measured. The Se-P with a content of Se of
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/g in all cases gave the best results. Lymphocyte proliferation increased by 45.2% respect to untreated vaccinated control animals, the antibody titer increased in a dose-dependent manner until day 21 and remain virtually equal until the end of the experiment (day 28). For what concerns IFN-γ and IL-2, concentrations values for the 3 Se-Ps were higher respect to controls and native polysaccharide but practically the same between them. Two years later the same research group applied an alternative method for the selenylation of garlic polysaccharides, using acetic acid instead of nitric acid as the promoter of the in-situ formation of
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<specimenCode id="DB8AF60FFF97FF84FDF4D7E2FDB031E9" box="[599,624,187,209]" collectionCode="H" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">
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H
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SeO
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, as well as SeOCl
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, but obtaining no appreciable increases either in yields or Se contents. These last compounds were tested in a similar way as in 2014 confirming the results obtained in the first investigations.
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</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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