252 lines
31 KiB
XML
252 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B7B1AD9A8D54ED4989B9139B6A45DBEE">Taxonomic review of Polynema (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in Australia and New Zealand, with descriptions of eight new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C9DE3EFFE3FFE90DA6FAA9FC09FED0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4465093" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177123163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4465093" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C9DE3EFFE3FFE90DA6FAA9FC09FED0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C9DE3EFFE3FFE90DA6FAA9FC09FED0" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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<paragraph id="8BDF6F28FFE3FFEA0DA6FAA9FDF9FA99" blockId="1.[151,538,1338,1365]" box="[151,538,1338,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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<heading id="D097D844FFE3FFEA0DA6FAA9FDF9FA99" bold="true" box="[151,538,1338,1365]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0DA6FAA9FDF9FA99" bold="true" box="[151,538,1338,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE3FFEA0DDFFAA9FDF9FA99" ID-CoL="9CLR2" authority="Haliday, 1833" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[238,538,1338,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0DDFFAA9FE84FA98" bold="true" box="[238,359,1338,1365]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Polynema</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF112D9FFE3FFEA0C5FFAA9FDF9FA99" author="Haliday, A. H." box="[366,538,1338,1364]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="259 - 276" refId="ref23085" refString="Haliday, A. H. (1833) An essay of the classification of the parasitic Hymenoptera of Britain, which correspond with the Ichneumones minuti of Linnaeus. Entomological Magazine, 1 (3 & 4), 259 - 276 & 333 - 350." type="journal article" year="1833">Haliday, 1833</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C37A3CA3FFE3FFEA0DA6FAECFE5EF941" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDF6F28FFE3FFEA0DA6FAECFA6BFA5A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1407,1676]" box="[151,1416,1407,1432]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC14939FFE3FFEA0DA6FAECFE22FA5A" author="Haliday, A. H." box="[151,449,1407,1431]" page="269" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" year="1833">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE3FFEA0DA6FAECFE22FA5A" ID-CoL="9CLR2" authority="Haliday 1833: 269" authorityName="Haliday" authorityPageNumber="269" authorityYear="1833" box="[151,449,1407,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0DA6FAECFF1FFA5A" box="[151,252,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Polynema</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF112D9FFE3FFEA0C32FAECFE22FA5A" author="Haliday, A. H." box="[259,449,1407,1431]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="259 - 276" refId="ref23085" refString="Haliday, A. H. (1833) An essay of the classification of the parasitic Hymenoptera of Britain, which correspond with the Ichneumones minuti of Linnaeus. Entomological Magazine, 1 (3 & 4), 259 - 276 & 333 - 350." type="journal article" year="1833">Haliday 1833: 269</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 347.
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<typeStatus id="54DBD18AFFE3FFEA0CCFFA13FDD3FA55" box="[510,560,1408,1432]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE3FFEA0FBCFAECFC7BFA5A" ID-CoL="77TQM" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[653,920,1407,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
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<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0FBCFAECFCABFA5A" box="[653,840,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Polynema flavipes</emphasis>
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Walker
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</taxonomicName>
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, designated by
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC14939FFE3FFEA0905FAECFA67FA5A" author="Huber, J. T. & Boucek, Z." box="[1076,1412,1407,1431]" page="280" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF112D9FFE3FFEA0905FAECFA67FA5A" author="Huber, J. T. & Boucek, Z." box="[1076,1412,1407,1431]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="280 - 281" refId="ref23228" refString="Huber, J. T. & Boucek, Z. (2001) Polynema Haliday, 1833 (Insecta, Hymenoptera): designation of Polynema flavipes Walker, 1846, as the type species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 10 (2), 280 - 281. [ICZN] International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, Padova c / o The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book chapter" year="2001">Huber & Bouček 2001: 280–281</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDF6F28FFE3FFEA0DA6FA0DFBB2FA7B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1407,1676]" box="[151,1105,1438,1462]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB704806FFE3FFEA0DA6FA0DFBB2FA7B" box="[151,1105,1438,1462]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE3FFEA0DA6FA0DFEB4FA7B" ID-CoL="9CLR2" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday" box="[151,343,1438,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0DA6FA0DFF1FFA7B" box="[151,252,1438,1462]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Polynema</emphasis>
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Haliday
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC14939FFE3FFEA0C51FA0DFD77FA7B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6264212" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6264212" author="Triapitsyn, S. V. & Fidalgo, P." box="[352,660,1438,1462]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB7F87E1FFDAFFA9296FFE5DD3AF4531" page="57" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF112D9FFE3FFEA0C51FA0DFD77FA7B" author="Triapitsyn, S. V. & Fidalgo, P." box="[352,660,1438,1462]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="55 - 68" refId="ref24223" refString="Triapitsyn, S. V. & Fidalgo, P. (2006) Definition of Doriclytus, stat. rev. as a subgenus of Polynema and redescription of its type species, P. (Doriclytus) vitripenne (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Zootaxa, 1362 (1), 55 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1362.1.4" type="journal article" year="2006">Triapitsyn & Fidalgo 2006: 57</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(key to subgenera of
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<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0E40FA0DFBA1FA7B" box="[881,1090,1438,1462]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE3FFEA0E40FA0DFC35FA7B" ID-CoL="9CLR2" authority="Haliday, 1833" box="[881,982,1438,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Polynema</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2270E41FFE3FFEA0EEDFA0CFBA1FA7B" box="[988,1090,1438,1462]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDF6F28FFE3FFEA0DA6FA2FFC6FFA3E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1407,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB704806FFE3FFEA0DA6FA2FFC6FFA3E" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE3FFEA0DA6FA2FFF1FFA19" ID-CoL="9CLR2" authority="Haliday, 1833" box="[151,252,1468,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0DA6FA2FFF1FFA19" box="[151,252,1468,1492]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Polynema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE3FFEA0C3CFA2FFE33FA19" ID-CoL="9CLR2" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday" box="[269,464,1468,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0C3CFA2FFE91FA19" box="[269,370,1468,1492]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Polynema</emphasis>
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Haliday
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</taxonomicName>
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):
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC14939FFE3FFEA0CD3FA2FFCFDFA19" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6264212" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6264212" author="Triapitsyn, S. V. & Fidalgo, P." box="[482,798,1468,1493]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB7F87E1FFDAFFA9296FFE5DD3AF4531" page="57" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF112D9FFE3FFEA0CD3FA2FFCFDFA19" author="Triapitsyn, S. V. & Fidalgo, P." box="[482,798,1468,1493]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="55 - 68" refId="ref24223" refString="Triapitsyn, S. V. & Fidalgo, P. (2006) Definition of Doriclytus, stat. rev. as a subgenus of Polynema and redescription of its type species, P. (Doriclytus) vitripenne (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Zootaxa, 1362 (1), 55 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1362.1.4" type="journal article" year="2006">Triapitsyn & Fidalgo 2006: 57</bibRefCitation>
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(key to subgenera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE3FFEA0935FA2FFB8AFA19" ID-CoL="9CLR2" authority="Haliday, 1833" box="[1028,1129,1468,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0935FA2FFB8AFA19" box="[1028,1129,1468,1492]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Polynema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), 60 (taxonomic history, synonyms, comments);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC14939FFE3FFEA0CA4FA48FD7CFA3E" author="Rehmat, T. & Anis, S. B." box="[405,671,1499,1523]" page="140" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" year="2016">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF112D9FFE3FFEA0CA4FA48FD7CFA3E" author="Rehmat, T. & Anis, S. B." box="[405,671,1499,1523]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="138 - 166" refId="ref23616" refString="Rehmat, T. & Anis, S. B. (2016 [2015]) A review of Indian species of Polynema Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Insect Systematics, 2 (2), 138 - 166." type="journal article" year="2016">Rehmat & Anis 2016: 140</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(key), 148 (diagnosis).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF6F28FFE3FFEA0DA6FA69FAA8F9DF" blockId="1.[151,1437,1407,1676]" box="[151,1355,1530,1554]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB704806FFE3FFEA0DA6FA69FAA8F9DF" box="[151,1355,1530,1554]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC14939FFE3FFEA0DA6FA69FD48F9DF" author="Hayat, M. & Anis, S. B." box="[151,683,1530,1554]" page="318" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" year="1999">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE3FFEA0DA6FA69FD48F9DF" authority="Hayat & Anis 1999: 318" authorityName="Hayat & Anis" authorityPageNumber="318" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,683,1530,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Dorypolynema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0DA6FA69FF1FF9DF" box="[151,252,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Polynema</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0C3AFA69FE41F9DF" box="[267,418,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Dorypolynema</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF112D9FFE3FFEA0C80FA69FD48F9DF" author="Hayat, M. & Anis, S. B." box="[433,683,1530,1554]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="315 - 331" refId="ref23133" refString="Hayat, M. & Anis, S. B. (1999) The Indian species of Polynema with notes on Stephanodes reduvioli (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Oriental Insects, 33, 315 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1999.10433797" type="journal article" year="1999">Hayat & Anis 1999: 318</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DBD18AFFE3FFEA0F85FA69FD05F9DF" box="[692,742,1530,1554]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE3FFEA0E75FA69FBB3F9DF" ID-CoL="4LBYN" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" box="[836,1104,1530,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0E75FA69FC1CF9DF" box="[836,1023,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Polynema mendeli</emphasis>
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||
Girault
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by original designation.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF6F28FFE3FFEA0DA6F98BFE5EF941" blockId="1.[151,1437,1407,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE3FFEA0DA6F98BFF1FF9FD" ID-CoL="9CLR2" authority="Haliday, 1833" box="[151,252,1560,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0DA6F98BFF1FF9FD" box="[151,252,1560,1584]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Polynema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0C3DF98BFE40F9FD" box="[268,419,1560,1584]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Dorypolynema</emphasis>
|
||
Hayat & Anis):
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF112D9FFE3FFEA0F7FF98BFC65F9FD" author="Triapitsyn, S. V. & Fidalgo, P." box="[590,902,1560,1585]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="55 - 68" refId="ref24223" refString="Triapitsyn, S. V. & Fidalgo, P. (2006) Definition of Doriclytus, stat. rev. as a subgenus of Polynema and redescription of its type species, P. (Doriclytus) vitripenne (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Zootaxa, 1362 (1), 55 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1362.1.4" type="journal article" year="2006">Triapitsyn & Fidalgo 2006: 57</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(key to subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE3FFEA0956F98BFB2FF9FD" ID-CoL="9CLR2" authority="Haliday, 1833" box="[1127,1228,1560,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0956F98BFB2FF9FD" box="[1127,1228,1560,1584]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Polynema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 60–61 (taxonomic history, distribution, comments);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF112D9FFE3FFEA0F2BF9A4FC96F982" author="Triapitsyn, S. V. & Aquino, D. A." box="[538,885,1591,1615]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="61 - 77" refId="ref23968" refString="Triapitsyn, S. V. & Aquino, D. A. (2010) On the occurrence of Polynema Haliday (Dorypolynema Hayat and Anis) and Palaeoneura Waterhouse (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the New World, with description of two new species. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 54 (1 - 2), 61 - 77." type="journal article" year="2010">Triapitsyn & Aquino 2010: 62–63</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(diagnosis, taxonomic comments and discussion, distribution, host associations), 67–68 (key to described species);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF112D9FFE3FFEA0E7FF9C5FBBFF9A3" author="Rehmat, T. & Anis, S. B." box="[846,1116,1622,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="138 - 166" refId="ref23616" refString="Rehmat, T. & Anis, S. B. (2016 [2015]) A review of Indian species of Polynema Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Insect Systematics, 2 (2), 138 - 166." type="journal article" year="2016">Rehmat & Anis 2016: 140</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(key), 146–147 (diagnosis, list of species, distribution).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A3CA3FFE3FFE90DA6F929FC09FED0" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF6F28FFE3FFE90DA6F929FE70FF34" blockId="1.[151,1437,1722,2037]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0DA6F929FEFCF919" bold="true" box="[151,287,1722,1748]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Only two of the three currently recognized subgenera of
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0E86F928FB40F918" box="[951,1187,1723,1749]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE3FFEA0E86F928FBC4F918" box="[951,1063,1723,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Polynema</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2270E41FFE3FFEA0901F928FB40F918" box="[1072,1187,1723,1749]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occur in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3772FB8FFE3FFEA0820F928FA98F918" box="[1297,1403,1723,1749]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA08B9F928FA7EF919" box="[1416,1437,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE3FFEA0D90F94CFEF2F934" box="[161,273,1759,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0D90F94CFEF2F934" box="[161,273,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Polynema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0C62F94CFE8BF935" box="[339,360,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0C48F94CFDFCF934" box="[377,543,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Dorypolynema</emphasis>
|
||
), whereas only
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0FE6F94CFD0FF935" box="[727,748,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE3FFEA0FCCF94CFC8EF934" box="[765,877,1759,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0FCCF94CFC8EF934" box="[765,877,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Polynema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3772FB8FFE3FFEA091FF94CFB2BF934" box="[1070,1224,1759,1785]" name="New Zealand" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where all the recognized species appear to be native. Because
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0FA6F890FC63F8D0" box="[663,896,1795,1821]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE3FFEA0FA6F890FCE4F8D0" box="[663,775,1795,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Polynema</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2270E41FFE3FFEA0E3EF890FC63F8D0" box="[783,896,1795,1821]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, as it is currently recognized, will eventually be recognized as at least two genera (S.V. Triapitsyn, in preparation), providing a diagnosis at this time is pointless. For the time being, a key to the subgenera in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF112D9FFE3FFEA0F94F8D8FC08F8AB" author="Triapitsyn, S. V. & Fidalgo, P." box="[677,1003,1867,1894]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="55 - 68" refId="ref24223" refString="Triapitsyn, S. V. & Fidalgo, P. (2006) Definition of Doriclytus, stat. rev. as a subgenus of Polynema and redescription of its type species, P. (Doriclytus) vitripenne (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Zootaxa, 1362 (1), 55 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1362.1.4" type="journal article" year="2006">Triapitsyn & Fidalgo (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and the diagnoses and discussions in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF112D9FFE3FFEA0DA6F8FCFE3AF847" author="Triapitsyn, S. V. & Fidalgo, P." box="[151,473,1903,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="55 - 68" refId="ref24223" refString="Triapitsyn, S. V. & Fidalgo, P. (2006) Definition of Doriclytus, stat. rev. as a subgenus of Polynema and redescription of its type species, P. (Doriclytus) vitripenne (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Zootaxa, 1362 (1), 55 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1362.1.4" type="journal article" year="2006">Triapitsyn & Fidalgo (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF112D9FFE3FFEA0CD4F8FCFCC0F844" author="Triapitsyn, S. V. & Aquino, D. A." box="[485,803,1903,1929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="61 - 77" refId="ref23968" refString="Triapitsyn, S. V. & Aquino, D. A. (2010) On the occurrence of Polynema Haliday (Dorypolynema Hayat and Anis) and Palaeoneura Waterhouse (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the New World, with description of two new species. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 54 (1 - 2), 61 - 77." type="journal article" year="2010">Triapitsyn & Aquino (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF112D9FFE3FFEA0E51F8FCFB87F847" author="Rehmat, T. & Anis, S. B." box="[864,1124,1903,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="138 - 166" refId="ref23616" refString="Rehmat, T. & Anis, S. B. (2016 [2015]) A review of Indian species of Polynema Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Insect Systematics, 2 (2), 138 - 166." type="journal article" year="2016">Rehmat & Anis (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as well the generic keys to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE3FFEA0DF1F800FEA2F860" box="[192,321,1939,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mymaridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3772FB8FFE3FFEA0C55F800FE28F860" box="[356,459,1939,1965]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF112D9FFE3FFEA0CE8F800FD63F860" author="Lin, N. Q. & Huber, J. T. & LaSalle, J." box="[473,640,1939,1965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref23333" refString="Lin, N. Q., Huber, J. T., LaSalle, J. (2007) The Australian genera of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Zootaxa, 1596, 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Lin
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0F39F800FDDCF860" box="[520,575,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3772FB8FFE3FFEA0F8DF800FCB1F860" box="[700,850,1939,1965]" name="New Zealand" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF112D9FFE3FFEA0E51F800FB96F860" author="Noyes, J. S. & Valentine, E. W." box="[864,1141,1939,1965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref23478" refString="Noyes, J. S. & Valentine, E. W. (1989) Mymaridae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) - introduction, and review of genera. Fauna of New Zealand, 17, 1 - 95." type="journal article" year="1989">Noyes & Valentine 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) may be used. All the species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0DD8F824FF1DF81D" box="[233,254,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE3FFEA0C3FF824FE9DF81C" box="[270,382,1975,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE3FFEA0C3FF824FE9DF81C" box="[270,382,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Polynema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3772FB8FFE3FFEA0C9BF824FDF2F81C" box="[426,529,1975,2001]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3772FB8FFE3FFEA0F79F824FD3DF81C" box="[584,734,1975,2001]" name="New Zealand" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
have the same distinctive feature, which is absent from all the extralimital members of the nominate subgenus—the petiole has more or less distinctive lateral “wings” (membrane flaps) anteriorly that are better seen in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B73ADFFE0FFE90FECFF04FCD7FF7C" box="[733,820,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–43" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[181,1436,202,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-21@18.[151,1436,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 40–43. Polynema (Polynema) baronessa, male (paratype): 40, head and antenna; 41, petiole; 42, fore wing; 43, genitalia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4454248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4454248/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs 41</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B73ADFFE0FFE90E70FF04FCBDFF7F" box="[833,862,151,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–69" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1877,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,206,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-15@25.[151,1436,181,1854]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 65–69. Polynema (Polynema) editha, female (Australia): 65, antenna (New England National Park, New South Wales); 66, frenum, metanotum and propodeum (Macquarie Pass, New South Wales); 67, petiole (Mt. Tamborine, Queensland); 68, head in frontal view (New England National Park, New South Wales); 69, fore wing (Macquarie Pass, New South Wales)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4454258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4454258/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">67</figureCitation>
|
||
) while often being inconspicuous, as a fine line, in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B73ADFFE0FFE90C19FF28FE6AFF18" box="[296,393,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 124–129" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-21@44.[206,1381,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 124–129. Polynema (Polynema) princessa, female: 124, holotype slide; 125, antenna (holotype); 126, mesosoma (holotype); 127, metasoma (holotype); 128, fore wing (paratype); 129, petiole in lateral view (holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4454288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4454288/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 127</figureCitation>
|
||
). Because of this feature I recognize the species as comprising the newly established, informal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE0FFE90DA6FF4CFF08FF34" box="[151,235,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="draperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE0FFE90DA6FF4CFF08FF34" box="[151,235,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">draperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF6F28FFE0FFE90DF6FE90FC09FED0" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,285]" box="[199,1002,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
|
||
Hosts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6014ABFFE0FFE90C1DFE90FE7FFED0" box="[300,412,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914B33AFFE0FFE90C1DFE90FE7FFED0" box="[300,412,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Polynema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3772FB8FFE0FFE90F27FE90FD9EFED0" box="[534,637,259,285]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3772FB8FFE0FFE90F82FE90FCAAFED0" box="[691,841,259,285]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |