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<document id="4F07746DA3490F104C8C7C38F9890694" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4007.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6a09d1bd-e4f3-4bde-93f3-54d98e050740" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="245223" ID-ZooBank="4CE1B3B6-8D31-4ADA-AEE8-1857962D0CDB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461218048653" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tanaka, Fumiya &amp; Iwatsuki, Yukio" docDate="2015" docId="03C987BBFFB3035BCBA17C5547DFF8E4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04007p206.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4007 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Amamiichthys Tanaka &amp; Iwatsuki, 2015, new genus" docType="treatment" docUuid="537299DD-FC0C-4508-8800-BF04AC97906A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="199" masterDocId="FFF0FFC3FFB2035FCB367F6A4367FFF2" masterDocTitle="Amamiichthys, a new genus for the sparid fish Cheimerius matsubarai Akazaki 1962, and redescription of the species, with designation of a neotype" masterLastPageNumber="206" masterPageNumber="195" pageNumber="196" updateTime="1698603049168" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="1C293FC61E5C2F2970CE83E458C98D95">Amamiichthys, a new genus for the sparid fish Cheimerius matsubarai Akazaki 1962, and redescription of the species, with designation of a neotype</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7F4C001F9412B56DD1E16DE2C5D77701">Tanaka, Fumiya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="041B14394E5A6EC9B06ADBF36DDDCA13">Iwatsuki, Yukio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9CBCC253A8518C4AA416AF5E6F19AF33">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C987BBFFB3035BCBA17C5547DFF8E4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5630294" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119631024" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5630294" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:537299DD-FC0C-4508-8800-BF04AC97906A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C987BBFFB3035BCBA17C5547DFF8E4" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<subSubSection id="C37A6526FFB3035ECBA17C5542A5FC89" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB3035ECBA17C5542AAFCA8" blockId="1.[151,461,831,891]" box="[151,461,831,858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<heading id="D09781C1FFB3035ECBA17C5542AAFCA8" bold="true" box="[151,461,831,858]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035ECBA17C5542AAFCA8" bold="true" box="[151,461,831,858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035ECBA17C554222FCAB" box="[151,325,831,857]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Amamiichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035ECBA17C554222FCAB" bold="true" box="[151,325,831,857]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Amamiichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22757C4FFB3035ECA7A7C2A42AAFCA8" box="[332,461,832,858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB3035ECBA17C0842A5FC89" blockId="1.[151,461,831,891]" box="[151,450,866,891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035ECBA17C08439CFC89" box="[151,251,866,891]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1099]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Teeth of upper and lower jaws. A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL, Amami-oshima Island, Japan; B. Cheimerius nufar, MUFS 22693, 236 mm SL, Oman." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245224/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Figures 1</figureCitation>
A–3A, 4; Table 1
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A6526FFB3035ECBA17CC04387FC15" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB3035ECBA17CC04387FC15" blockId="1.[151,1436,938,2007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035ECBA17CC04251FC31" bold="true" box="[151,310,938,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<typeStatus id="54DB880FFFB3035ECBA17CC043B5FC31" box="[151,210,938,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035ECA767CC1404EFC31" authority="Akazaki 1962:132" authorityName="Akazaki" authorityPageNumber="132" authorityYear="1962" box="[320,809,938,963]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matsubarai">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035ECA767CC1412DFC31" box="[320,586,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Cheimerius matsubarai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B5CFFB3035EC9637CC0419EFC31" author="Akazaki" box="[597,761,938,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" refString="Akazaki, M. (1962) Studies on the spariform fishes: anatomy, phylogeny, ecology and taxonomy. Misaki Marine Biological Institute Kyoto University, Special Report, 1 (1), 1 - 368." type="journal article" year="1962">Akazaki 1962</bibRefCitation>
:132
</taxonomicName>
, 347, fig. 31 (Amami-oshima Island, Ryukyu Islands,
<collectingCountry id="F377763DFFB3035ECBA17CA543BFFC15" box="[151,216,975,999]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Japan</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A6526FFB3035ECBF17C98419BFB11" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB3035ECBF17C98419BFB11" blockId="1.[151,1436,938,2007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035ECBF17C984226FBF9" bold="true" box="[199,321,1010,1035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A new genus of
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035EC9347C984103FBF9" box="[514,612,1010,1035]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sparidae</taxonomicName>
with the following combination of characters (Table 1): both jaws with a single outer row of molariform teeth, upper jaw with two inner rows of small molariform teeth, teeth on anteromedial aspect of lower jaw small, villiform, becoming molariform posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035ECF627B5047F3FBA1" box="[1108,1172,1082,1107]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1099]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Teeth of upper and lower jaws. A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL, Amami-oshima Island, Japan; B. Cheimerius nufar, MUFS 22693, 236 mm SL, Oman." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245224/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A); supraoccipital crest with somewhat thickened uppermost edge (frontal view) (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035EC82B7B344007FB85" box="[797,864,1118,1143]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-4); frontal bone flat, coarse and porous (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035ECE0A7B34461AFB85" box="[1340,1405,1118,1143]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A- 5); upper ethmoid with strongly bifurcate protuberance just beneath mid-region of anteriormost portion of frontal bone (frontal view) (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035ECAB47BCC42A0FB4D" box="[386,455,1190,1215]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-8); head and body pinkish, gradually becoming silvery toward abdomen, with many small blue spots, some pairs overlapping (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035EC9587BA041B6FB11" box="[622,721,1226,1251]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,357,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,357,1937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30984, neotype, 268 mm SL, Amami-oshima Islands, Japan. B. Cheimerius nufar, 250 mm SL, Durban, South Africa, photographed by J. E. Randall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245226/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Figs. 3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035EC9EB7BA14189FB11" box="[733,750,1227,1251]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,895,917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,872]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1398,193,873]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Diagnostic coloration of dorsolateral body surface of Amamiichthys matsubarai. MUFS 43227, 212 mm SL, Amami-oshima Islands, Japan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245227/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A6526FFB3035BCBF17B844000F93C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB3035ECBF17B84412FFA2C" blockId="1.[151,1436,938,2007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035ECBF17B84425CFAF5" bold="true" box="[199,315,1262,1287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Remarks.</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035ECAFE7B84412EFAF4" box="[456,585,1262,1286]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035ECAFE7B84412EFAF4" box="[456,585,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Cheimerius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54DB880FFFB3035EC96A7B8541E9FAF5" box="[604,654,1263,1287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035EC9CB7B854710FAF5" authority="Valenciennes 1830" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1830" box="[765,1143,1262,1287]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Dentex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nufar">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035EC9CB7B8540F3FAF5" box="[765,916,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Dentex nufar</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B5CFFB3035EC8A97B844710FAF5" author="Valenciennes" box="[927,1143,1262,1287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" refString="Cuvier, G. &amp; Valenciennes, A. (1830) Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixieme. Livre sixieme. Partie I. Des Sparoides; Partie II. Des Menides. Historie naturelle des poissons, 6, 1 - 559." type="journal article" year="1830">Valenciennes 1830</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) was proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B5CFFB3035ECE6F7B844384FAD9" author="Smith" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1938) The South African fishes of the families Sparidae and Denticidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of the South Africa, 26, 225 - 305." type="journal article" year="1938">Smith (1938)</bibRefCitation>
, who recognized the following distinguishing characters (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035EC8447A7840D2FAD9" box="[882,949,1298,1323]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,357,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,357,1937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30984, neotype, 268 mm SL, Amami-oshima Islands, Japan. B. Cheimerius nufar, 250 mm SL, Durban, South Africa, photographed by J. E. Randall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245226/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B): four canines on the upper jaw, six pairs (middle pair always small) on the lower jaw; one row of conical teeth laterally on both jaws; third to sixth dorsalfin spines filamentous; head scales extending to median part of interorbital space. Subsequently,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B5CFFB3035ECFDD7A3046FBFA81" author="Akazaki" box="[1259,1436,1370,1395]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" refString="Akazaki, M. (1962) Studies on the spariform fishes: anatomy, phylogeny, ecology and taxonomy. Misaki Marine Biological Institute Kyoto University, Special Report, 1 (1), 1 - 368." type="journal article" year="1962">Akazaki (1962)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035ECA3B7A14417FFA64" box="[269,536,1406,1430]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matsubarai">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035ECA3B7A14417FFA64" box="[269,536,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Cheimerius matsubarai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of two specimens (
<typeStatus id="54DB880FFFB3035EC8A17A14409CFA65" box="[919,1019,1406,1431]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="54DB880FFFB3035ECF0E7A1547FDFA65" box="[1080,1178,1407,1431]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
) from Amami-oshima Island, Ryukyu Islands,
<collectingCountry id="F377763DFFB3035ECA847AC94292FA48" box="[434,501,1443,1466]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Japan</collectingCountry>
, which shared the above generic diagnostic characters. Both species have since remained unquestioned in
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035ECA897AAC412FFA2C" box="[447,584,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035ECA897AAC4123FA2C" box="[447,580,1478,1502]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cheimerius</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB3035ECBF17A81419CF929" blockId="1.[151,1436,938,2007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
However, our examination of the jaw teeth of
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035EC9CA7A8140C5F9F1" box="[764,930,1515,1539]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matsubarai">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035EC9CA7A8140C5F9F1" box="[764,930,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">C. matsubarai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed their morphology could be better described as small molariform (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035EC93579644124F9D5" box="[515,579,1550,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1099]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Teeth of upper and lower jaws. A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL, Amami-oshima Island, Japan; B. Cheimerius nufar, MUFS 22693, 236 mm SL, Oman." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245224/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A), rather than conical (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035EC86D796440FBF9D5" box="[859,924,1550,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1099]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Teeth of upper and lower jaws. A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL, Amami-oshima Island, Japan; B. Cheimerius nufar, MUFS 22693, 236 mm SL, Oman." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245224/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B), a feature overlooked by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B5CFFB3035ECFD2796446FFF9D5" author="Akazaki" box="[1252,1432,1550,1575]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" refString="Akazaki, M. (1962) Studies on the spariform fishes: anatomy, phylogeny, ecology and taxonomy. Misaki Marine Biological Institute Kyoto University, Special Report, 1 (1), 1 - 368." type="journal article" year="1962">Akazaki (1962)</bibRefCitation>
. Subsequent examination of the skull morphology of both
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035EC829795940D8F9B9" box="[799,959,1587,1611]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matsubarai">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035EC829795940D8F9B9" box="[799,959,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">C. matsubarai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035EC8C179594732F9B9" box="[1015,1109,1587,1611]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Dentex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nufar">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035EC8C179594732F9B9" box="[1015,1109,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">C. nufar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed the former to have a somewhat thickened uppermost edge on the supraoccipital crest (frontal view) (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035ECF1A793C4717F99D" box="[1068,1136,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-4; vs. thin overall in
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035ECEB4793D43B3F961" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Dentex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nufar">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035ECEB4793D43B3F961" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">C. nufar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035ECBD37910424DF961" box="[229,298,1658,1683]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B-4), the anterodorsal surface of the anterior frontal bone flat and porous (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035ECFB1791047AAF961" box="[1159,1229,1658,1683]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-5; vs. thick and slightly protuberant,
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035ECAB679F442A5F945" box="[384,450,1694,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B-5), and the uppermost ethmoid region with a large and strongly bifurcate protuberance (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035ECBA979A84384F929" box="[159,227,1730,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-8; vs. small and weakly bifurcate,
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035EC94979A841A5F929" box="[639,706,1730,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B-8).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB3035ECBF1798D463CF825" blockId="1.[151,1436,938,2007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
A recent molecular study of sparid fishes, based on the cyt-
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035EC85F798C4010F90C" box="[873,887,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">b</emphasis>
gene, indicated that
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035ECF52798D47A5F90D" box="[1124,1218,1767,1791]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Dentex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nufar">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035ECF52798D47A5F90D" box="[1124,1218,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">C. nufar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035ECFCD798D46FCF90C" box="[1275,1435,1766,1790]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matsubarai">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035ECFCD798D46FCF90C" box="[1275,1435,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">C. matsubarai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
did not group in the same clade (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B5CFFB3035EC938786041BFF8D1" author="Chiba" box="[526,728,1802,1827]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" refString="Chiba, S. N., Iwatsuki, Y., Yoshino, T. &amp; Hanzawa, N. (2009) Comprehensive phylogeny of the family Sparidae (Perciformes: Teleostei) inferred from mitochondrial gene analyses. Genes and Genetic Systems, 84 (2), 153 - 170." type="journal article" year="2009">
Chiba
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035EC96D786141EAF8D1" box="[603,653,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035EC9D278604053F8D1" box="[740,820,1802,1827]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035EC87778614028F8D1" box="[833,847,1803,1827]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,357,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,357,1937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30984, neotype, 268 mm SL, Amami-oshima Islands, Japan. B. Cheimerius nufar, 250 mm SL, Durban, South Africa, photographed by J. E. Randall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245226/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">3</figureCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035EC85F786040C8F8D1" box="[873,943,1802,1827]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,687,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,687,1570]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree of maximum likelihood analyses conducted on 123 n data set under the GTR + I + Γ model (expanded portion showing Clade A) (after Chiba et al. 2009, fig. 2). Major distribution legend as follows: WA, Western Atlantic; EA, Eastern Atlantic; SeA, Southeastern Atlantic; M, Mediterranean; WI, Western Indian Ocean; I-WP, Indo-West Pacific; WP: Western Pacific." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245228/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, after
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B5CFFB3035EC8CE786047A5F8D1" author="Chiba" box="[1016,1218,1802,1827]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" refString="Chiba, S. N., Iwatsuki, Y., Yoshino, T. &amp; Hanzawa, N. (2009) Comprehensive phylogeny of the family Sparidae (Perciformes: Teleostei) inferred from mitochondrial gene analyses. Genes and Genetic Systems, 84 (2), 153 - 170." type="journal article" year="2009">
Chiba
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035ECF7578614712F8D1" box="[1091,1141,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035ECFE0786146FCF8D1" box="[1238,1435,1803,1827]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nufar">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035ECFE0786146FCF8D1" box="[1238,1435,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Cheimerius nufar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
conformed to the A-5 clade (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035ECAD678444142F8B5" box="[480,549,1838,1863]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,687,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,687,1570]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree of maximum likelihood analyses conducted on 123 n data set under the GTR + I + Γ model (expanded portion showing Clade A) (after Chiba et al. 2009, fig. 2). Major distribution legend as follows: WA, Western Atlantic; EA, Eastern Atlantic; SeA, Southeastern Atlantic; M, Mediterranean; WI, Western Indian Ocean; I-WP, Indo-West Pacific; WP: Western Pacific." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245228/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), including Eastern Atlantic members of
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035EC8CC7845472CF8B4" box="[1018,1099,1839,1862]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Pagrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035EC8CC7845472CF8B4" box="[1018,1099,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Pagrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035ECFB2784547B4F8B4" box="[1156,1235,1839,1862]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Dentex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035ECFB2784547B4F8B4" box="[1156,1235,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Dentex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, characterized by filamentous dorsal-fin spines. Furthermore, Atlantic species of
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035EC868783940C8F898" box="[862,943,1875,1898]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Pagrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035EC868783940C8F898" box="[862,943,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Pagrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and three species of
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035ECFAA78394799F899" box="[1180,1278,1875,1899]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Pagellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035ECFAA78394799F899" box="[1180,1278,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Pagellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
conformed to the A-4 clade (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035ECA73781C42ECF87D" box="[325,395,1910,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,687,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,687,1570]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree of maximum likelihood analyses conducted on 123 n data set under the GTR + I + Γ model (expanded portion showing Clade A) (after Chiba et al. 2009, fig. 2). Major distribution legend as follows: WA, Western Atlantic; EA, Eastern Atlantic; SeA, Southeastern Atlantic; M, Mediterranean; WI, Western Indian Ocean; I-WP, Indo-West Pacific; WP: Western Pacific." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245228/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), having somewhat robust dorsal-fin spines. However, C.
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035ECF1D781C47CDF87C" box="[1067,1194,1910,1934]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matsubarai">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035ECF1D781C47CDF87C" box="[1067,1194,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">matsubarai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belonged to the A-3 clade (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035ECBD778F04244F841" box="[225,291,1946,1971]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,687,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,687,1570]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree of maximum likelihood analyses conducted on 123 n data set under the GTR + I + Γ model (expanded portion showing Clade A) (after Chiba et al. 2009, fig. 2). Major distribution legend as follows: WA, Western Atlantic; EA, Eastern Atlantic; SeA, Southeastern Atlantic; M, Mediterranean; WI, Western Indian Ocean; I-WP, Indo-West Pacific; WP: Western Pacific." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245228/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) (which includes Indo-West Pacific species of
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035EC80778F140EBF840" box="[817,908,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Argyrop</emphasis>
s,
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035EC89278F1409BF840" box="[932,1020,1947,1970]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Evynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035EC89278F1409BF840" box="[932,1020,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Evynnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035ECF0578F147E3F840" box="[1075,1156,1947,1970]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Pagrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035ECF0578F147E3F840" box="[1075,1156,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Pagrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and is characterized by red body coloration. Thus, we concluded that
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB3035EC9AF78D5405EF824" box="[665,825,1982,2006]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matsubarai">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB3035EC9AF78D5405EF824" box="[665,825,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">C. matsubarai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should not be included in the A-5 clade (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB3035ECE3E78D4462AF825" box="[1288,1357,1982,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,687,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,687,1570]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree of maximum likelihood analyses conducted on 123 n data set under the GTR + I + Γ model (expanded portion showing Clade A) (after Chiba et al. 2009, fig. 2). Major distribution legend as follows: WA, Western Atlantic; EA, Eastern Atlantic; SeA, Southeastern Atlantic; M, Mediterranean; WI, Western Indian Ocean; I-WP, Indo-West Pacific; WP: Western Pacific." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245228/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB0035DCBB67D0A4679FD86" blockId="2.[128,1795,608,781]" box="[128,1310,608,628]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB0035DCBB67D0A43BDFD86" bold="true" box="[128,218,608,628]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Comparison of selected characters from five sparid genera,
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB0035DC8377D0A40E6FD81" box="[769,897,608,627]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Amamiichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB0035DC8377D0A40E6FD81" box="[769,897,608,627]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Amamiichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB0035DC8BB7D0A4092FD81" box="[909,1013,608,627]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB0035DC8BB7D0A4092FD81" box="[909,1013,608,627]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Cheimerius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB0035DCF367D0B4735FD86" box="[1024,1106,609,628]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Argyrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB0035DCF367D0B4735FD86" box="[1024,1106,609,628]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Argyrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB0035DCF687D0B47C2FD81" box="[1118,1189,609,627]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Evynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB0035DCF687D0B47C2FD81" box="[1118,1189,609,627]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Evynnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB0035DCFE17D0B467FFD81" box="[1239,1304,609,627]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Pagrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB0035DCFE17D0B467FFD81" box="[1239,1304,609,627]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Pagrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB0035DC9137DEE4464FD6A" blockId="2.[128,1795,608,781]" box="[549,1795,644,664]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB0035DC9137DEE47EDFD6A" box="[549,1162,644,664]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB0035DC9137DEE41C2FD65" box="[549,677,644,663]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Amamiichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Amamiichthys</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB0035DC8067DEE40FFFD65" box="[816,920,644,663]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cheimerius</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB0035DCF017DEF47EDFD6A" box="[1079,1162,645,664]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Argyrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Argyrops</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
*
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB0035DCE087DEF46E1FD65" box="[1342,1414,645,663]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Evynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB0035DCE087DEF46E1FD65" box="[1342,1414,645,663]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Evynnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
**
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB0035DCD727DEF45E1FD65" box="[1604,1670,645,663]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Pagrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB0035DCD727DEF45E1FD65" box="[1604,1670,645,663]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Pagrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from western
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB0035DCD727DF445D7F9EB" blockId="2.[128,1795,608,781]" lastBlockId="2.[128,1845,1411,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
Pacific*** Dorsal-fin rays XII,
<date id="FFDE106DFFB0035DC9667DD74035FD3F" box="[592,850,698,720]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" value="2010-12">10 XII</date>
,
<date id="FFDE106DFFB0035DC86C7DD0471CFD22" box="[858,1147,698,720]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" value="2010-11" valueMax="2010-12-31" valueMin="2010-11-10">10 XI–XII</date>
,
<date id="FFDE106DFFB0035DCFB37DD74607FD22" box="[1157,1376,701,720]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" value="2010-12">10 XII</date>
,
<date id="FFDE106DFFB0035DCE5E7DD74500FD22" box="[1384,1639,701,720]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" value="2010-12">10 XII</date>
, 10 Anal-fin rays III,
<date id="FFDE106DFFB0035DC9717DB7402EFD1F" box="[583,841,730,752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">8 III</date>
,
<date id="FFDE106DFFB0035DC8647DB04737FD02" box="[850,1104,730,752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">8 III</date>
,
<date id="FFDE106DFFB0035DCF6F7DB74630FD02" box="[1113,1367,733,752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">8 III</date>
,
<date id="FFDE106DFFB0035DCE567DB74539FD02" box="[1376,1630,733,752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">9 III</date>
, 8 Pored lateral line scales 58–61 57–64 48–52 58–61 54–60 Fresh body color pinkish, gradually pinkish or rosy with 5 pinkish pinkish, gradually pinkish, gradually becoming silvery toward broad dark red becoming silvery becoming silvery toward abdomen, with many blue cross-bands toward abdomen, with abdomen, with many tiny spots, sometimes paired many tiny blue spots blue spots, sometimes and slightly overlapping paired and slightly overlapping
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB0035DCBBA7C2A4599FAB6" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<table id="F960C40DFFB0FCA0CBBA7C2A445FFAAC" box="[140,1848,832,1374]" gridcols="6" gridrows="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<tr id="355034EFFFB0FCA0CBBA7C2A445FFC9C" box="[140,1848,832,878]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<th id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CBBA7C2A4162FC9C" box="[140,517,832,878]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">1st–2nd dorsal-fin spine length relative to 3rd–5th spine length</th>
<th id="76815D93FFB0FCA0C9137C2A4074FC9C" box="[549,787,832,878]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">short</th>
<th id="76815D93FFB0FCA0C8067C2A4779FC9C" box="[816,1054,832,878]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">short</th>
<th id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CF007C2A467BFC9C" box="[1078,1308,832,878]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
very short (1st dorsal-fin short only
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB0035DCFA17C31479FFC9C" box="[1175,1272,859,878]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Argyrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bleekeri">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB0035DCFA17C31479FFC9C" box="[1175,1272,859,878]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">A. bleekeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</th>
<th id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CE0B7C2A4545FC9C" box="[1341,1570,832,878]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">somewhat short</th>
<th id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CD727C2A445FFC9C" box="[1604,1848,832,878]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">slightly short</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355034EFFFB0FCA0CBBA7CE2445FFC18" box="[140,1848,904,1002]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<th id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CBBA7CE24162FC18" box="[140,517,904,1002]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Dorsal fin spine condition</th>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0C9137CE24074FC18" box="[549,787,904,1002]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">1st–2nd and 5th–12th robust, 3rd–4th extremely elongated and filamentous</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0C8067CE24779FC18" box="[816,1054,904,1002]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">1st–2nd and 8th–12th moderate, 3rd–7th flat and thin</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CF007CE2467BFC18" box="[1078,1308,904,1002]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">1st–2nd and 8th–12th moderate, 3rd–7th extremely elongated and filamentous</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CE0B7CE24545FC18" box="[1341,1570,904,1002]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">1st–2nd and 5th–12th moderate, 3rd–4th flat and thin</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CD727CE2445FFC18" box="[1604,1848,904,1002]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">all robust</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355034EFFFB0FCA0CBBA7B60445FFBA0" box="[140,1848,1034,1106]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<th id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CBBA7B604162FBA0" box="[140,517,1034,1106]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Lateral teeth on upper and lower jaw</th>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0C9137B604074FBA0" box="[549,787,1034,1106]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">1 outer row of molariform teeth, small molariform teeth medially</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0C8067B604779FBA0" box="[816,1054,1034,1106]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">1 row of small conical teeth, very small villiform teeth medially</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CF007B60467BFBA0" box="[1078,1308,1034,1106]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">2 rows of large molariform teeth</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CE0B7B604545FBA0" box="[1341,1570,1034,1106]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">1 lateral row of small conical teeth, molariform teeth medially</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CD727B60445FFBA0" box="[1604,1848,1034,1106]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">2 rows of molariform teeth</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355034EFFFB0FCA0CBBA7B1C445FFB57" box="[140,1848,1142,1189]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<th id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CBBA7B1C4162FB57" box="[140,517,1142,1189]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Dorsal surface of frontal bone</th>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0C9137B1C4074FB57" box="[549,787,1142,1189]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">flat, anteriorly porous</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0C8067B1C4779FB57" box="[816,1054,1142,1189]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">flat and thin from 3rd–7th and 8th–12th moderate</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CF007B1C467BFB57" box="[1078,1308,1142,1189]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">protuberant, with medial suture</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CE0B7B1C4545FB57" box="[1341,1570,1142,1189]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">somewhat convex, porous</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CD727B1C445FFB57" box="[1604,1848,1142,1189]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">anteriorly convex, with medial suture</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355034EFFFB0FCA0CBBA7BB9445FFAF3" box="[140,1848,1235,1281]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<th id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CBBA7BB94162FAF3" box="[140,517,1235,1281]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Shape of protuberance of uppermost ethmoid</th>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0C9137BB94074FAF3" box="[549,787,1235,1281]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">large, strongly bifurcate</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0C8067BB94779FAF3" box="[816,1054,1235,1281]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">small, apparently bifurcate</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CF007BB9467BFAF3" box="[1078,1308,1235,1281]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">long, single protuberance</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CE0B7BB94545FAF3" box="[1341,1570,1235,1281]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">very small, apparently obscure bifurcate</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CD727BB9445FFAF3" box="[1604,1848,1235,1281]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">large, single protuberance</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355034EFFFB0FCA0CBBA7A5A445FFAAC" box="[140,1848,1328,1374]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<th id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CBBA7A5A4162FAAC" box="[140,517,1328,1374]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Configuration of supraoccipital crest</th>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0C9137A5A4074FAAC" box="[549,787,1328,1374]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">upper part of edge somewhat thickened</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0C8067A5A4779FAAC" box="[816,1054,1328,1374]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">thickened, anteriorly slightly protuberant</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CF007A5A467BFAAC" box="[1078,1308,1328,1374]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">somewhat thickened</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CE0B7A5A4545FAAC" box="[1341,1570,1328,1374]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">anteriorly hypertrophic</td>
<td id="76815D93FFB0FCA0CD727A5A445FFAAC" box="[1604,1848,1328,1374]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">somewhat thickened</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB0035DCBBE794A40EDF9C6" blockId="2.[128,1845,1411,1640]" box="[136,906,1568,1588]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB0035DCA3E794B42CFF9C1" box="[264,424,1568,1588]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Argyrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bleekeri">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB0035DCA3E794B42CFF9C1" box="[264,424,1568,1588]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Argyrops bleekeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB0035DCAE3794B4154F9C6" box="[469,563,1569,1588]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Argyrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinifer">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB0035DCAE3794B4154F9C6" box="[469,563,1569,1588]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">A. spinifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined (see Comparative material)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB0035DCBA5795040C9F9BC" blockId="2.[128,1845,1411,1640]" box="[147,942,1594,1614]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB0035DCA25795142DCF9BF" box="[275,443,1594,1613]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Evynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cardinalis">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB0035DCA25795142DCF9BF" box="[275,443,1594,1613]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Evynnis cardinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB0035DCAD179514131F9BF" box="[487,598,1594,1613]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Evynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumifrons">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB0035DCAD179514131F9BF" box="[487,598,1594,1613]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">E. tumifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined (see Comparative material)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB0035DCBB6793E475BF995" blockId="2.[128,1845,1411,1640]" box="[128,1084,1620,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
*** The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB0035DCA3C793F422CF995" box="[266,331,1621,1639]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Pagrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB0035DCA3C793F422CF995" box="[266,331,1621,1639]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Pagrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the western Pacific requires taxonomic revision (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B5CFFB0035DC80D793E4093F995" author="Iwatsuki" box="[827,1012,1620,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" refString="Iwatsuki, Y., Tanaka, F, Newman, S. J. &amp; Carpenter, K. E. (2013) Chrysophrys Quoy and Gaimard 1824, a valid generic name for Pacific species formerly used as Pagrus Cuvier 1816 and taxonomical review of the genus Chrysophrys (Perciformes: Sparidae). The 9 th Indo-Pacific Fish Conference ABSTRACTS, 109." type="journal article" year="2013">
Iwatsuki
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB0035DC8A6793F40DFF995" box="[912,952,1620,1639]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
: p. 109)
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1F6625FFB1035CCBA17B0B407EFB64" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245224/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" targetBox="[188,1398,193,1099]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB1035CCBA17B0B407EFB64" blockId="3.[151,1436,1121,1174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CCBA17B0B4274FB85" bold="true" box="[151,275,1121,1143]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Teeth of upper and lower jaws.
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CC9687B0B4117FB85" bold="true" box="[606,624,1121,1143]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">A</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CC94B7B0B40E0FB85" box="[637,903,1121,1143]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Amamiichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matsubarai">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CC94B7B0B40E0FB85" box="[637,903,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Amamiichthys matsubarai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL, Amami-oshima Island, Japan;
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CCBE87BEA4388FB64" bold="true" box="[222,239,1152,1174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">B</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CCBCD7BEA42CBFB64" box="[251,428,1152,1174]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nufar">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CCBCD7BEA42CBFB64" box="[251,428,1152,1174]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Cheimerius nufar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, MUFS 22693, 236 mm SL, Oman.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB1035CCBF17BD442BFFAB0" blockId="3.[151,1436,1213,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">
In addition to body coloration,
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CC9137BD441A2FB27" box="[549,709,1213,1237]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Amamiichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matsubarai">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CC9137BD441A2FB27" box="[549,709,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">C. matsubarai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is generally similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CC8FE7BD44749FB27" box="[968,1070,1214,1237]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Argyrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CC8FE7BD44749FB27" box="[968,1070,1214,1237]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Argyrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CCF0B7BD447F1FB27" box="[1085,1174,1214,1237]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Evynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CCF0B7BD447F1FB27" box="[1085,1174,1214,1237]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Evynnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the Pacific
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CCE7D7BD446FBFB27" box="[1355,1436,1214,1237]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Pagrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CCE7D7BD446FBFB27" box="[1355,1436,1214,1237]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Pagrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having molariform teeth on both jaws and head scales extending to the interorbital region. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CCEB47B884271FAEF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Amamiichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matsubarai">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CCEB47B884271FAEF" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">C. matsubarai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered to be distinct from species of those three genera on the basis of different external and internal characters (Table 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB1035CCBF17A274185F974" blockId="3.[151,1436,1213,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CCBF17A2742B5FA97" box="[199,466,1357,1381]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matsubarai">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CCBF17A2742B5FA97" box="[199,466,1357,1381]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Cheimerius matsubarai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to congeners of
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CC8627A2440CAFA97" box="[852,941,1358,1381]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Evynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CC8627A2440CAFA97" box="[852,941,1358,1381]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Evynnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in overall appearance, including red body coloration, first and second dorsal-fin spines short, and third and fourth dorsal-fin spines elongated. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CCEB47A184270FA5F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matsubarai">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CCEB47A184270FA5F" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">C. matsubarai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CCA817AFC4168FA5F" box="[439,527,1430,1453]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Evynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CCA817AFC4168FA5F" box="[439,527,1430,1453]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Evynnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having eight anal-fin soft ray (vs. nine in
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CCF197AFC47EFFA5F" box="[1071,1160,1430,1453]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Evynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CCF197AFC47EFFA5F" box="[1071,1160,1430,1453]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Evynnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a single outer row of molariform teeth along each jaw, two rows of small molariform teeth medially on the upper jaw, the lower jaw anteromedial teeth villiform, becoming small molariform posteriorly (vs. two rows of conical teeth, gradually becoming blunt posteriorly on both jaws), ethmoid large, bifurcate (frontal view) (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB1035CCF5E796B47D7F9E8" box="[1128,1200,1537,1562]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-8; vs. very small, weakly bifurcate,
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB1035CCA55794F42C1F9CC" box="[355,422,1573,1598]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D-8), anterodorsal surface of frontal flat, porous (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB1035CC8EF794F477AF9CC" box="[985,1053,1573,1598]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-5; vs. entire frontal porous,
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB1035CCE40794F43C1F990" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Fig 2</figureCitation>
D-5), and a somewhat thickened uppermost edge on the supraoccipital crest (frontal view) (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB1035CCF9479234783F990" box="[1186,1252,1609,1634]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-4; vs. anterior part of supraoccipital crest hypertrophic,
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB1035CC953790741C0F974" box="[613,679,1645,1670]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D-4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB1035CCBF179FB42D1F8C8" blockId="3.[151,1436,1213,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CCBF179FB42B6F95B" box="[199,465,1681,1705]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matsubarai">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CCBF179FB42B6F95B" box="[199,465,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Cheimerius matsubarai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from Pacific
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CC9F079F84070F95B" box="[710,791,1682,1705]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Pagrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CC9F079F84070F95B" box="[710,791,1682,1705]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Pagrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in having the first and second dorsal-fin spines very short, and the third and fourth dorsal-fin spines extremely elongated (vs. third and fourth gradually longer in Pacific
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CCBD979B04227F903" box="[239,320,1754,1777]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Pagrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CCBD979B04227F903" box="[239,320,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Pagrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the anterodorsal surface of the frontal porous (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB1035CC84179B340DAF900" box="[887,957,1753,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-5; vs. anteriorly convex, with a medial suture,
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB1035CCBDD79974248F8E4" box="[235,303,1789,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E-5), and the anterodorsal surface of the ethmoid large and strongly bifurcate (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB1035CCF827997479DF8E4" box="[1204,1274,1789,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-8; vs. large, non-bifurcate,
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB1035CCA0A784B4219F8C8" box="[316,382,1825,1850]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E-8).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB1035CCBF1782F411FF81C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1213,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CCBF1782F42B4F8AF" box="[199,467,1861,1885]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matsubarai">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CCBF1782F42B4F8AF" box="[199,467,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Cheimerius matsubarai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is discernible from
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CC9F7782C4040F8AF" box="[705,807,1862,1885]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Argyrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CC9F7782C4040F8AF" box="[705,807,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Argyrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having many small blue spots, some pairs slightly overlapping, dorsolaterally on the body (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB1035CC950780341ACF870" box="[614,715,1897,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,357,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,357,1937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30984, neotype, 268 mm SL, Amami-oshima Islands, Japan. B. Cheimerius nufar, 250 mm SL, Durban, South Africa, photographed by J. E. Randall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245226/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Figs. 3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB1035CC9EF7800418DF870" box="[729,746,1898,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,895,917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,872]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1398,193,873]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Diagnostic coloration of dorsolateral body surface of Amamiichthys matsubarai. MUFS 43227, 212 mm SL, Amami-oshima Islands, Japan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245227/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">4</figureCitation>
; vs. absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CC8BB78004094F873" box="[909,1011,1898,1921]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Argyrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CC8BB78004094F873" box="[909,1011,1898,1921]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Argyrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), as well as in teeth (vs. two rows of large molariform teeth, gradually becoming larger posteriorly in
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CC8B078E4408BF857" box="[902,1004,1934,1957]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Argyrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CC8B078E4408BF857" box="[902,1004,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Argyrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), anterodorsal frontal (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB1035CCFCE78E74658F854" box="[1272,1343,1933,1958]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-5; vs. protuberant and medially robust without pores in
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CC98878D84043F83B" box="[702,804,1970,1993]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Argyrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CC98878D84043F83B" box="[702,804,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Argyrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB1035CC80478DB4014F838" box="[818,883,1969,1994]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C-5) and ethmoid conditions (
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB1035CCFF478DB4662F838" box="[1218,1285,1969,1994]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-8; vs. large and non-bifurcate in
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB1035CCAB778BC4280F81F" box="[385,487,2006,2029]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Argyrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB1035CCAB778BC4280F81F" box="[385,487,2006,2029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Argyrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB1035CCACA78BF4159F81C" box="[508,574,2005,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neurocranium (anterior view). A. Amamiichthys matsubarai, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL. B. Cheimerius nufar MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL. C. Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL. D. Evynnis tumifrons, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL. E. Pagrus major, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C-8).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1F6625FFB6035BCBA17ABE429CF996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245225/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" targetBox="[164,1419,203,1454]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB6035BCBA17ABE429CF996" blockId="4.[151,1436,1492,1636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB6035BCBA17ABE4272FA18" bold="true" box="[151,277,1492,1514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Neurocranium (anterior view).
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB6035BC9547ABE411CFA18" bold="true" box="[610,635,1492,1514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB6035BC9B27ABE40E8FA18" box="[644,911,1492,1514]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Amamiichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matsubarai">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB6035BC9B27ABE40E8FA18" box="[644,911,1492,1514]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Amamiichthys matsubarai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, MUFS 30983, 257 mm SL.
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB6035BCFF17ABE47B9FA18" bold="true" box="[1223,1246,1492,1514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB6035BCFD17ABE46FBFA18" box="[1255,1436,1492,1514]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nufar">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB6035BCFD17ABE46FBFA18" box="[1255,1436,1492,1514]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Cheimerius nufar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
MUFS 21009, 229 mm SL.
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB6035BCA877A9942AEF9FB" bold="true" box="[433,457,1523,1545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB6035BCAF97A994119F9FB" box="[463,638,1523,1545]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Argyrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinifer">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB6035BCAF97A994119F9FB" box="[463,638,1523,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Argyrops spinifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, MUFS 134, 236 mm SL.
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB6035BC8BD7A9940C4F9FB" bold="true" box="[907,931,1523,1545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB6035BC89F7A9E4738F9FB" box="[937,1119,1523,1545]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Evynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumifrons">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB6035BC89F7A9E4738F9FB" box="[937,1119,1523,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Evynnis tumifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, MUFS 11740, 216 mm SL.
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB6035BCEB27A9946FCF9FB" bold="true" box="[1412,1435,1523,1545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">E.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB6035BCBA179784244F9D5" box="[151,291,1554,1575]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Pagrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB6035BCBA179784244F9D5" box="[151,291,1554,1575]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Pagrus major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, MUFS 22504, 206 mm SL. Numbers indicate partial bones of neurocranium. 1, ethmoid; 2, lateral ethmoid; 3, vomer; 4, supraoccipital crest; 5, frontal; 6, sphenotic; 7, pterotic; 8, articulating facet for palatine, olfactory foramen; 9, uppermost ethmoid. Scale = 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB6035BCBF179F84000F93C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1681,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">
Because the above comparisons indicated strong generic divergence, the new generic name
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB6035BCFD479FB46E6F95B" box="[1250,1409,1681,1705]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Amamiichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB6035BCFD479FB46E6F95B" box="[1250,1409,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Amamiichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is proposed (
<typeStatus id="54DB880FFFB6035BCA3A79DC4259F93C" box="[268,318,1718,1742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB6035BCA9279DF403DF93C" authority="Akazaki, 1962" authorityName="Akazaki" authorityYear="1962" box="[420,858,1717,1742]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matsubarai">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB6035BCA9279DF41CBF93F" box="[420,684,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Cheimerius matsubarai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B5CFFB6035BC98579DF403DF93C" author="Akazaki" box="[691,858,1717,1742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" refString="Akazaki, M. (1962) Studies on the spariform fishes: anatomy, phylogeny, ecology and taxonomy. Misaki Marine Biological Institute Kyoto University, Special Report, 1 (1), 1 - 368." type="journal article" year="1962">Akazaki, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A6526FFB6035BCBF179B347DFF8E4" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDF36ADFFB6035BCBF179B347DFF8E4" blockId="4.[151,1436,1681,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB6035BCBF179B34229F900" bold="true" box="[199,334,1753,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Etymology.</emphasis>
The new generic name reflects the extremely limited distribution of the
<typeStatus id="54DB880FFFB6035BCFD579B04674F900" box="[1251,1299,1754,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2EFFB6035BCEB279B04271F8E7" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Cheimerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matsubarai">
<emphasis id="B914EABFFFB6035BCEB279B04271F8E7" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">A. matsubarai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is known only from Amami-oshima Island, Ryukyu Islands,
<collectingCountry id="F377763DFFB6035BCF2179944730F8E7" box="[1047,1111,1790,1813]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="135B2A28FFB6035BCF50799747CDF8E4" box="[1126,1194,1789,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[182,1404,641,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[182,1404,641,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Collection localities of Amamiichthys matsubarai along the coast of Amami-oshima Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245229/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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