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<document id="EA8541FCEC28C2725DD78BC7A4D4C6FF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.187219" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9408e928-c675-4a30-95a4-4589dd3316ed" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="187219" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461064394328" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Macedo, Antonio Carlos Cruz" docDate="2009" docId="03C987B2B7343721FF7B93B6FC0C2F55" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02075p032.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2075" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Spinolafoenus Macedo, n. gen." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFF0FFCAB73B372EFFEC9321FFED2A37" masterDocTitle="Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698583218253" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="597B427E39582E4078F9BB143DC68777">Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1AB3EDE41C4450E286BAAD5EBF4A7FDA">Macedo, Antonio Carlos Cruz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="EDC00BE13209EA57BB3D74E018720EE0">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="B36D93F5BB58A1A767052C17F25FB8B0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7DA359252EF7BFC647E72D4DD4AC8DD7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.187219</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C987B2B7343721FF7B93B6FC0C2F55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6213186" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119614772" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6213186" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987B2B7343721FF7B93B6FC0C2F55" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C987B2B7343721FF7B93B6FC0C2F55" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<subSubSection id="C37A652FB7343721FF7B93B6FD992AE3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7343721FF7B93B6FDE52A86" blockId="15.[151,628,151,212]" box="[151,520,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="D09781C8B7343721FF7B93B6FDE52A86" bold="true" box="[151,520,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FF7B93B6FDE52A86" bold="true" box="[151,520,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C604D27B7343721FF7B93B6FE5D2A86" authority="Macedo" authorityName="Macedo" box="[151,432,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Evaniidae" genus="Spinolafoenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FF7B93B6FEA82A86" bold="true" box="[151,325,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Spinolafoenus</emphasis>
Macedo
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22757CDB7343721FE5B93B6FDE52A86" box="[439,520,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7343721FF7B939BFD992AE3" blockId="15.[151,628,151,212]" box="[151,628,186,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FF73939BFF1E2AE3" box="[159,243,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. a – b" captionStartId="13.[151,256,1830,1854]" captionTargetBox="[155,1422,1137,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,1137,1824]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. a – b: Spinolafoenus ruficornis habitus. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187222/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FF13939BFEF72AE3" box="[255,282,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. a – g" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,430,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,414,1860]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. a – g: Head in anterior view. a: Aulacus sp. A; b: Pseudofoenus infumatus; c: Gasteruption bispinosum; d: G. nasutum (without scale); e: Plutofoenus edwardsi; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni; h – i: Left mandible in frontal view (without scale). h: G. bispinosum; i: Plutofoenus edwardsi. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187224/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">6f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FECA939BFED82AE3" box="[294,309,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. a – b" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,182,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,164,1867]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. a – b: Left fore wing (scale bar: 1.0 mm). a: Pseudofoenus infumatus; b: Gasteruption bispinosum; c – h: Left fore wing discal cell (without scale); c: G. bispinosum; d: G. p a r v u m; e: Plutofoenus edwardsi; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni; h: T. alvarengai. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187225/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">7</figureCitation>
f,
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–h, 12d, 13f, 14e, 15)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A652FB7343721FF7B9226FD2E2B15" box="[151,707,263,290]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7343721FF7B9226FD2E2B15" blockId="15.[151,1437,263,1378]" box="[151,707,263,290]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FF7B9226FED42B16" bold="true" box="[151,313,263,289]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="54DB8806B7343721FF7B9226FF392B16" box="[151,212,263,289]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C604D27B7343721FEAC9229FD522B15" authority="Spinola, 1851" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1851" box="[320,703,264,290]" class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Foenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FEAC9229FDFF2B16" box="[320,530,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Foenus ruficornis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B55B7343721FDF59229FD522B15" author="Spinola" box="[537,703,264,290]" pageId="15" pageNumber="30" refString="Spinola, M. (1851) Himenopteros, pp. 153 - 569. In: Gay, C. (Ed.) Historia fisica y politica de Chile segun documentos adquiridos y publicada bajo los auspicios del supremo Gobierno por Claudio Gay. Vol. 6. Zoologia. En Casa del Autor, Paris, 572 pp." type="book chapter" year="1851">Spinola, 1851</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A652FB7343721FF29920FFC5E2B58" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7343721FF29920FFC5E2B58" blockId="15.[151,1437,263,1378]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FF29920FFEBF2B7F" bold="true" box="[197,338,302,328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology.</emphasis>
I choose the name of this genus in honor of Massimiliano Spinola, because he described the only known species included in the genus. The gender is masculine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A652FB7343721FF29925AFF1B298E" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7343721FF29925AFBD32BA1" blockId="15.[151,1437,263,1378]" box="[197,1086,379,406]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FF29925AFEB02BA2" bold="true" box="[197,349,379,405]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description.</emphasis>
Body length between 14.0–18.0 mm (exclusive of ovipositor).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7343721FF299283FCC2283D" blockId="15.[151,1437,263,1378]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FF299283FEE22B8B" bold="true" box="[197,271,418,444]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Head.</emphasis>
Subrectangular in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FD7C9283FD0A2B8B" box="[656,743,418,444]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,189,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,156,1969]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Head in dorsal and lateral views. a – b: Plutofoenus chaeturus; c – d: P. e d w a rd s i; e – f: P. paraguayensis; g – h: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; i – j: Trilobitofoenus alvarengai; k – l: T. plaumanni; m – n: T. sericeus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187229/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Fig.
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</figureCitation>
g); mandible in frontal view with apex acute; malar space long, fused with gena (
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FE5592E8FDF92BD4" box="[441,532,457,483]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,189,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,156,1969]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Head in dorsal and lateral views. a – b: Plutofoenus chaeturus; c – d: P. e d w a rd s i; e – f: P. paraguayensis; g – h: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; i – j: Trilobitofoenus alvarengai; k – l: T. plaumanni; m – n: T. sericeus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187229/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
h); clypeus with a longitudinal ridge (
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FC1C92E8FBA62BD4" box="[1008,1099,457,483]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. a – g" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,430,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,414,1860]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. a – g: Head in anterior view. a: Aulacus sp. A; b: Pseudofoenus infumatus; c: Gasteruption bispinosum; d: G. nasutum (without scale); e: Plutofoenus edwardsi; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni; h – i: Left mandible in frontal view (without scale). h: G. bispinosum; i: Plutofoenus edwardsi. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187224/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6f</figureCitation>
); clypeus and face without longitudinal striae; occipital margin crenulate (
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FD5092D1FCFD283D" box="[700,784,496,522]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[179,1414,189,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,156,1969]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Head in dorsal and lateral views. a – b: Plutofoenus chaeturus; c – d: P. e d w a rd s i; e – f: P. paraguayensis; g – h: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; i – j: Trilobitofoenus alvarengai; k – l: T. plaumanni; m – n: T. sericeus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187229/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Fig.
<quantity id="4C989B41B7343721FD1F92D1FCFD283D" box="[755,784,496,522]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="g" value="11.0">11</quantity>
</figureCitation>
g).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7343721FF299137FCE22975" blockId="15.[151,1437,263,1378]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FF299137FEBC2807" bold="true" box="[197,337,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Propleuron simple anteriorly; mesonotum truncate in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FB649137FB0C2807" box="[1160,1249,534,560]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="24.[151,257,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[178,1412,189,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,161,1853]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. Mesosoma in lateral view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b: G. guildingi; c: Plutofoenus chaeturus; d: P. edwardsi, e: P. paraguayensis; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus alvarengai; h: T. plaumanni; i: T. sericeus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Lobes of pronotum: vl: ventral lobe; dl: dorsal lobe; ll: lateral lobe. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187231/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
f); mesoscutum uniformly sculptured, longer than wide, and almost forming a unique plane with two lobes separated by depressed notauli (
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FE9A9145FE202849" box="[374,461,612,638]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1621,1645]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,1011,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,993,1614]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mesonotum in dorsal view. a: Plutofoenus chaeturus; b: P. e d w a rd s i; c: P. paraguayensis; d: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; e: Trilobitofoenus alvarengai; f: T. plaumanni; g: T. sericeus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187230/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
d); parapsides barely visible; mesepimeron with a dorsal ridge (
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FB2C9145FAFB2849" box="[1216,1302,612,638]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="24.[151,257,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[178,1412,189,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,161,1853]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. Mesosoma in lateral view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b: G. guildingi; c: Plutofoenus chaeturus; d: P. edwardsi, e: P. paraguayensis; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus alvarengai; h: T. plaumanni; i: T. sericeus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Lobes of pronotum: vl: ventral lobe; dl: dorsal lobe; ll: lateral lobe. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187231/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
f); fore and middle tibiae uniformly colored; hind tibia red brown, with apex black; metacoxa areolate at posterior portion (
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FF739190FF1828FC" box="[159,245,689,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,258,1435,1459]" captionTargetBox="[287,1310,438,1409]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[252,1334,429,1515]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. Propodeum and metacoxa in dorsal view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b – c: Plutofoenus edwardsi; d: Gasteruption sp. I; e: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; f: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187232/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
e); propodeum not carinate, with median longitudinal axis slightly concave (
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FB9C9190FB2828FC" box="[1136,1221,689,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,258,1435,1459]" captionTargetBox="[287,1310,438,1409]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[252,1334,429,1515]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. Propodeum and metacoxa in dorsal view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b – c: Plutofoenus edwardsi; d: Gasteruption sp. I; e: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; f: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187232/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
e); fore wing jugal lobe present; discal cell present, subtriangular (
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FD3491FBFCCF28C3" box="[728,802,730,756]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. a – b" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,182,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,164,1867]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. a – b: Left fore wing (scale bar: 1.0 mm). a: Pseudofoenus infumatus; b: Gasteruption bispinosum; c – h: Left fore wing discal cell (without scale); c: G. bispinosum; d: G. p a r v u m; e: Plutofoenus edwardsi; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni; h: T. alvarengai. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187225/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
f), vein r–m present; vein 2–M tubular in 1st 1/3 and spectral in remaining portion (
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FE179020FDBF292C" box="[507,594,769,795]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. a – b" captionStartId="13.[151,256,1830,1854]" captionTargetBox="[155,1422,1137,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,1137,1824]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. a – b: Spinolafoenus ruficornis habitus. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187222/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
); hind wing with 4–6 equidistant hamuli (
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FBD39020FB7B292C" box="[1087,1174,769,795]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. a – b" captionStartId="13.[151,256,1830,1854]" captionTargetBox="[155,1422,1137,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,1137,1824]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. a – b: Spinolafoenus ruficornis habitus. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187222/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
); pronotum with three lobes well defined; pronotal process absent (
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FD4C9009FD182975" box="[672,757,808,834]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="24.[151,257,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[178,1412,189,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,161,1853]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. Mesosoma in lateral view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b: G. guildingi; c: Plutofoenus chaeturus; d: P. edwardsi, e: P. paraguayensis; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus alvarengai; h: T. plaumanni; i: T. sericeus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Lobes of pronotum: vl: ventral lobe; dl: dorsal lobe; ll: lateral lobe. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187231/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
f).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7343721FF299070FF1B298E" blockId="15.[151,1437,263,1378]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FF299070FEA1295C" bold="true" box="[197,332,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Metasoma.</emphasis>
First metasomal tergum with edges separate, not concealing 1st sternum; female subgenital sternum with a slitlike Y-shaped notch (as
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FD6B9059FD3129A5" box="[647,732,888,914]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,255,853,877]" captionTargetBox="[229,1372,465,784]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,419,846]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Subgenital sternum in ventral view. a: notched, Y-shaped; b: notched, V-shaped; c: simple. Without scale. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187228/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
a); ovipositor longer than T2+T3 and shorter than metasoma (
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FF7390BEFF05298E" box="[159,232,927,953]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. a – b" captionStartId="13.[151,256,1830,1854]" captionTargetBox="[155,1422,1137,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,1137,1824]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. a – b: Spinolafoenus ruficornis habitus. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187222/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A652FB7343721FF2990E4FAA72E31" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7343721FF2990E4FAA72E31" blockId="15.[151,1437,263,1378]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FF2990E4FE9E29E8" bold="true" box="[197,371,965,991]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</emphasis>
The only species occurs in central
<collectingCountry id="F3777634B7343721FCD190E4FC6F29E8" box="[829,898,965,991]" name="Chile" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chile</collectingCountry>
between 28ºS and 35ºS (
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7343721FB2B90E4FACA29E8" box="[1223,1319,965,991]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,255,1356,1380]" captionTargetBox="[191,1401,198,1322]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[175,1411,179,1349]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Geographic distribution of the species of Plutofoenus, Spinolafoenus and Trilobitofoenus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187233/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
), an area characterized by a Mediterranean climate. Unfortunately the specimen labels do not have altitude data.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A652FB7343721FF299733FE412E1A" box="[197,428,1042,1069]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7343721FF299733FE412E1A" blockId="15.[151,1437,263,1378]" box="[197,428,1042,1069]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FF299733FEC42E1B" bold="true" box="[197,297,1042,1068]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Biology.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A652FB7343721FF299718FC0C2F55" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7343721FF299718FC0C2F55" blockId="15.[151,1437,263,1378]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FF299718FE892E64" bold="true" box="[197,356,1081,1107]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Comments.</emphasis>
This monotypic genus is the sister group of
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FC39971BFB482E64" box="[981,1189,1082,1107]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Trilobitofoenus</emphasis>
, with four shared synapomorphies. I decided not to group the
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FD2D9740FC9C2E4D" box="[705,881,1121,1146]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Spinolafoenus</emphasis>
+
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FC789740FBBE2E4D" box="[916,1107,1121,1146]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Trilobitofoenus</emphasis>
clade into a unique genus because of the six synapomorphies exclusively shared by the
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FC8097A6FBF22E97" box="[876,1055,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Trilobitofoenus</emphasis>
species. The autapomorphies of
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FF7B978FFEAC2EF0" box="[151,321,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Spinolafoenus</emphasis>
are the crenulate occipital margin, the truncate mesonotum, and the entirely light ovipositor sheath. These autapomorphies are not exclusive of
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FCEE97F5FC412EDA" box="[770,940,1236,1261]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Spinolafoenus</emphasis>
. However, the genus has other exclusive characters in Gasteruptiinae that were not used in the cladistic analysis: mesosoma uniformly areolate; metacoxa areolate at posterior portion; and longitudinal axis of propodeum slightly concave. The
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7343721FF7B9668FED02F55" box="[151,317,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Spinolafoenus</emphasis>
isolation was probably the result of the Andes formation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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