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146 lines
17 KiB
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<document id="65D62729BDE2922183A3D25646B6C5FA" ID-CLB-Dataset="31641" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.322661" ID-GBIF-Dataset="66af776f-7872-4b21-9cb4-8b53031e9405" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="322661" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1509638453625" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Christoph Germann, Sofia Wyler & Marco Valerio Bernasconi" docDate="2017" docId="355287F0FFE5FFEF87D4FDB5FBD4FB4D" docLanguage="en" docName="3_German_etal.pdf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 124 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B.2:RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Metopiorrhynchus Reitter 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="C96BFF88FFECFFE6874AFFB0FFBFFFEE" masterDocTitle="DNA barcoding of selected alpine beetles with focus on Curculionoidea (Coleoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698480642646" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="C370949EDCDBB049197B862D74D114BE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="E8E6A4A56D3B455F6BFB2925F880F55A">DNA barcoding of selected alpine beetles with focus on Curculionoidea (Coleoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4D99043A7381D80E47B40706E45FCE23" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="BF23F15A5CF2AAF810734C0548231EB7">Christoph Germann</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="908CC7066DCC02ADFAD1E9BF698EB07D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B55138EE22C547D20103D2B1561406AE">Sofia Wyler</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="0D0CB797527DB7E5CA8189BD5ACA1F7C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="41D2F802A2C720FA2736CFC88B84E380">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C659BD682CD7A1EC5499A4296C4CFC41">Marco Valerio Bernasconi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1DE8FCA0AA60A2F35CE9CA4E2145AD61">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2DF349B80608EA3AEFA8D76CC6C67F40">Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E955549D98C85588AC1D4630EC9CEC2C">
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<mods:date id="11CA61BDBB1682CC7F814D5C89DA9474">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B446F1ABAF6E7E2DA7E93913D20D1076">2017-03-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E840A7CF3F6217830043988216765F0E">124</mods:number>
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<treatment id="355287F0FFE5FFEF87D4FDB5FBD4FB4D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6017840" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137228009" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6017840" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:355287F0FFE5FFEF87D4FDB5FBD4FB4D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/355287F0FFE5FFEF87D4FDB5FBD4FB4D" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="F5E1656DFFE5FFEF87D4FDB5FDEEFDD2" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BD4436E6FFE5FFEF87D4FDB5FDEEFDD2" blockId="9.[158,749,484,572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="E60C818AFFE5FFEF87D4FDB5FDEEFDD2" bold="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" reason="0">
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF87D4FDB5FDEEFDD2" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">
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Subgenera
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<taxonomicName id="7AFB4D65FFE5FFEF8655FDB4FD3DFDF2" ID-CoL="8K3S7" authority="Reitter, 1912" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1912" box="[287,642,516,540]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Metopiorrhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF8655FDB4FE54FDF2" bold="true" box="[287,491,516,540]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">Metopiorrhynchus</emphasis>
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Reitter, 1912
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</taxonomicName>
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pars and
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<taxonomicName id="7AFB4D65FFE5FFEF8670FD95FDEEFDD2" authority="Reitter, 1912" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1912" box="[314,593,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Postaremus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF8670FD95FE04FDD2" bold="true" box="[314,443,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">Postaremus</emphasis>
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Reitter, 1912
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F5E1656DFFE5FFEF87DDFDE6FBD4FB4D" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="BD4436E6FFE5FFEF87DDFDE6FEA5FB5A" blockId="9.[151,757,597,2078]" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">
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In all our analyses (
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<figureCitation id="25C02A63FFE5FFEF8635FDE5FE7BFD80" box="[383,452,597,622]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="3.[151,186,1908,1929]" captionTargetBox="[155,1408,263,1896]" captionTargetId="graphics@3.[544,992,642,2095]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Best Maximum Likelihood tree as selected by MEGA) based on COI sequences of 142 samples of Curculionoidea (Chrysomelidae obtained by using MEGA 6. Values (over 50 %) of bootstrap support from 100 nodes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040870/files/figure.svg" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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, Supp. 1), all the samples belonging to
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF861AFDC5FDD7FD62" box="[336,616,629,652]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="7AFB4D65FFE5FFEF861AFDC5FE5EFD62" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1822" box="[336,481,629,652]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Otiorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Otiorhynchus</taxonomicName>
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pupillatus
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</emphasis>
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Gyllenhal, 1834 clustered together with high bootstrap support.
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF87DDFD06FE26FD23" box="[151,409,694,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="7AFB4D65FFE5FFEF87DDFD06FE97FD23" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1822" box="[151,296,694,717]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Otiorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Otiorhynchus</taxonomicName>
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pupillatus
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</emphasis>
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is a highly polymorphic species. It varies in many characters as size, proportions (rostrum, pronotum and elytra), vestiture (e.g. form of scales, density), size of teeth on femora, and (female) genital organs. It reproduces almost strictly parthenogenetically; males are only known from the junior synonym
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF87DDFCC9FEACFC7E" box="[151,275,889,912]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">teretirostris</emphasis>
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Stierlin, 1866 in the Seealps (mentioned by Stierlin in the description, but never revised since). The validity of several of the synonymous names is highly debated, part of them were recently resurrected in
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<bibRefCitation id="D96A4B17FFE5FFEF87F9FC4BFDFEFBFC" author="Magnano L. & Alonso-Zarazaga M. A." bookContentInfo="700 pp." box="[179,577,1018,1043]" editor="Lobl I" journalOrPublisher="Vol. 8: Curculionoidea II, Leiden, Brill" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" refString="Magnano L., Alonso-Zarazaga M. A. 2013. Otiorhynchini [pp. 302 - 347]. In: Lobl I., Smetana A. (eds). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 8: Curculionoidea II, Leiden, Brill, 700 pp." title="Otiorhynchini [pp. 302 - 347]" type="book" volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera" year="2013">Magnano & Alonso-Zarazaga (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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. Such synonyms are
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF878BFBAAFEFFFBDF" box="[193,320,1050,1073]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">subdentatus</emphasis>
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Bach, 1854 (described from Thuringia, Germany),
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF8653FB8AFED3FBBF" box="[281,364,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">frigidus</emphasis>
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Mulsant & Rey, 1859 (from the western Alps),
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF8674FBEBFE06FB9C" box="[318,441,1115,1138]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">cyclopterus</emphasis>
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F. Solari, 1946 (Tirol, Italy/ Austria, Bayern, Germany) and the before mentioned
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF87DDFB2DFEA5FB5A" box="[151,282,1181,1204]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">teretirostris.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD4436E6FFE5FFEF87DDFB0CFE71F832" blockId="9.[151,757,597,2078]" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">
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Describing every single population as a separate species cannot be the goal of studying biodiversity [in the cases of parthenogenetically reproducing populations (unfertilized eggs producing only females, and apomixis, where no meiosis is involved) we have mostly nearly identical genotypes (but see also last section of this part)]. We therefore included 15 samples of
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF8529FACFFD4BFA7B" box="[611,756,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">O. pupillatus,</emphasis>
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which resulted in four roughly separable genetic lineages, where three of them differ in few substitutions, and a single specimen from Grisons (sample 085) differs substantially from all others (K2 distances: 0.073-0.086). There is no morphological match with any of the before mentioned debatable species or morphotypes. The first clade comprises samples from the Central and Eastern Swiss Alps (samples 0 28, 0 54, 0 55, 0 65, 0 75, 0 84, 0 97, 124 from Valais, bordering Italy and Grisons), the second one a specimen from the Val Mustair (sample 106), the third specimens from the Bernese Alps and Lower Engadine (samples 0 0 7, 0 12, 0 42, 0 74, 088), and the fourth one (the most differing, as already mentioned), a single specimen from Central Grisons (sample 085). Well supported sister to all samples of
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF8500F8D5FD66F895" box="[586,729,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">O. pupillatus</emphasis>
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is
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF87DDF835FEB3F875" box="[151,268,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">O. difficilis</emphasis>
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, an amphigonic, also morpholologically close standing species from northern Italy, Ticino up to the Valais in the Simplon region.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD4436E6FFE5FFEF87DDF855FC02FDF2" blockId="9.[151,757,597,2078]" lastBlockId="9.[831,1437,258,1189]" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">
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The same discrepancy between morphology and genetic lineages (the retrieved clades do not include specimens sharing the same set of characters) was observed in
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF8475FE92FB8CFED7" box="[831,1075,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="7AFB4D65FFE5FFEF8475FE92FC6FFED7" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1822" box="[831,976,290,313]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Otiorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Otiorhynchus</taxonomicName>
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nodosus
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</emphasis>
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(O. F. Müller, 1764) belonging to the subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="7AFB4D65FFE5FFEF84B3FEF4FBC9FEB5" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1912" box="[1017,1142,324,347]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Postaremus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF84B3FEF4FBC9FEB5" box="[1017,1142,324,347]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">Postaremus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(K2 distances 0.068-0.07,
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<tableCitation id="F079035DFFE5FFEF8475FED3FC2AFE92" box="[831,917,355,380]" captionStart="Tables 1 - 8" captionStartId="11.[151,213,258,279]" captionText="Tables 1 - 8: COI Kimura 2 - Parameter genetic distances for a set of selected samples used in the present study. See the main text for further details." pageId="9" pageNumber="24">Table 4</tableCitation>
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). Not less than 12 synonymous names belong to this highly variable, boreo-alpine species (colour of legs from black to red, shape of body, vestiture). As already mentioned for
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF8372FE75FAF1FE35" box="[1080,1358,452,476]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">O. pupillatus, O. nodosus</emphasis>
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is also parthenogenetic in most of its area, and throughout the Swiss Alps.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD4436E6FFE5FFEF8475FD96FBD4FB4D" blockId="9.[831,1437,258,1189]" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">
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In both species mentioned, the observed well separated clades may more likely mirror several post glacial immigration lineages. An alternative explanation would be that these asexually reproducing species represent complexes of species in statu nascendi in the sense of
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<bibRefCitation id="D96A4B17FFE5FFEF8475FD77FB2FFD30" author="Dobzhansky T. & Spassky B." box="[831,1168,711,736]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" pagination="419 - 428" part="45" refString="Dobzhansky T., Spassky B. 1959. Drosophila paulistorum, a cluster of species in statu nascendi. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 45 (3): 419 - 428." title="Drosophila paulistorum, a cluster of species in statu nascendi" type="journal article" year="1959">Dobzhansky & Spassky (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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. A phenomenon reported just recently from an identically parthenogenetically reproducing entimine weevil:
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF83FDFCB9FA23FCCE" box="[1207,1436,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="7AFB4D65FFE5FFEF83FDFCB9FA96FCCE" box="[1207,1321,777,800]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Naupactus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Naupactus</taxonomicName>
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cervinus
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</emphasis>
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Boheman, 1840 in South America (
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<bibRefCitation id="D96A4B17FFE5FFEF8399FC98FCC6FC8F" author="Rodriguero M. S. & Lanteri A. A. & Confalonieri V. A." journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" pagination="644 - 656" part="68" refString="Rodriguero M. S., Lanteri A. A., Confalonieri V. A. 2013. Speciation in the asexual realm: is the parthenogenetic weevil Naupactus cervinus a complex of species in statu nascendi? Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 68 (3): 644 - 656." title="Speciation in the asexual realm: is the parthenogenetic weevil Naupactus cervinus a complex of species in statu nascendi" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Rodriguero
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF8211FC9AFA30FCD1" box="[1371,1423,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
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., 2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Thereby the presence of different evolutionary units correlating with faint morphological and ecological differences could be shown, driven by many well-known evolutionary forces as mutation, selection, drift going along with geographic isolation. Whatsoever, naming these purely genetically recognisable evolutionary units/ populations will not (yet?) make sense, and unnecessarily blow up the taxonomy of
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<taxonomicName id="7AFB4D65FFE5FFEF8313FB9BFB55FBAC" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1822" box="[1113,1258,1067,1090]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Otiorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8F8FEAF4FFE5FFEF8313FB9BFB55FBAC" box="[1113,1258,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">Otiorhynchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. To gain a more complete insight into these complexes, definitely more samples from a broader geographical range and additional nuclear markers are needed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |