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<document id="C2885C405DB996F42F6C0CB6963A3D22" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4226.3.4" ID-CLB-Dataset="37256" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4226.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5c416562-2a81-440a-aa58-984c753d0d67" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="264046" ID-ZooBank="FC078EAA-EFE7-44A4-A8C3-0D2BA2C58F62" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1485778795444" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Seitz, Gunther &amp; Adler, Peter H." docDate="2017" docId="03C0C523B76C9B5D0D91FBCCFA910CEE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4226.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4226 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Simulium arminii Seitz &amp; Adler, 2017, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="401" masterDocId="FFF9BD5BB76D9B560D06FFF3FFCF0B7A" masterDocTitle="A new species in the Simulium vernum group from the Alps of southern Germany: Simulium arminii (Diptera: Simuliidae)" masterLastPageNumber="404" masterPageNumber="390" pageNumber="391" updateTime="1698436237481" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="C3C95A95FF41E19D01BF357099452E8E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="5516841F0700408C1DB51B930F349E46">
<mods:title id="DA8AA75A42BE4DDB5378C16FD6B11A07">A new species in the Simulium vernum group from the Alps of southern Germany: Simulium arminii (Diptera: Simuliidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9C772C95C2CC893C9AF080DB1E1114D4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8D475D2E7465C8642B2FCD7AFAAA5DBA">
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<mods:namePart id="1B23E37D236D463816AF9F7ABF7DBC36">Seitz, Gunther</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="30E05B7D9F9B8D4ACB43274DE2711FAF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="97B16B60EC79FD8EB7EADF2FC4B8B3C8">
<mods:roleTerm id="A5794432FC48D20D2039C1649DAA494C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="713CC12C8237D3827A6F5232899DA823">Adler, Peter H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7CE29A5D304ACB4EE9067503AF4F6186">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="611AD9B159A0CE93CF21DAE8216F0A1F" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="C8EB9328CB249860B6A90DDB2C6366A1">
<mods:title id="4F00702F2AE26AFD07335F6DE2B02A89">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5ADBD57E348B19BB1CF76CD5E4A765FB">
<mods:date id="F05649FBB7E4EDDC276C7D729237A50B">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="802F4C655423126DD763BC4910050FD4" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2C94F4E1897B142D4CA7300BCB319025">4226</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="A0D2969DE060CBE0E37F60A771621EBA" type="issue">
<mods:number id="8FA6152F9437BA9C7A9DCC79A504DF3B">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5347987FF5DB5B2BEDF5FADFD815A3B3">390</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="C87062283C777DAB4A908FF2E2751A33">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2BCD3135B3E9BEEC0C34EDE1312740EA" type="CLB-Dataset">37256</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="29C14672E82478053F206C9AED6EB0E4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4226.3.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C4E30F3427EBC37088C32117277BAA4E" type="GBIF-Dataset">5c416562-2a81-440a-aa58-984c753d0d67</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1FEF696E186B1B6076FEC88574F973D0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E7F0B5A1916FE46E8CE0EC0C60E31AF3" type="Zenodo-Dep">264046</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="813A569496462B11F34C8CB4F2108C59" type="ZooBank">FC078EAA-EFE7-44A4-A8C3-0D2BA2C58F62</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03C0C523B76C9B5D0D91FBCCFA910CEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631220" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127627372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631220" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C0C523B76C9B5D0D91FBCCFA910CEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C0C523B76C9B5D0D91FBCCFA910CEE" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="401" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">
<subSubSection id="C37327BEB76C9B570D91FBCCFEEF0F01" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76C9B570D91FBCCFDC90F20" blockId="1.[151,518,1087,1147]" box="[151,518,1087,1114]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">
<heading id="D09EC359B76C9B570D91FBCCFDC90F20" bold="true" box="[151,518,1087,1114]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76C9B570D91FBCCFDC90F20" bold="true" box="[151,518,1087,1114]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B76C9B570D91FBCCFEA00F23" ID-CoL="9HRRV" box="[151,367,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76C9B570D91FBCCFEA00F23" bold="true" box="[151,367,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">Simulium arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E155CB76C9B570C70FBB3FDC90F20" box="[374,518,1088,1114]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76C9B570D91FB91FEEF0F01" blockId="1.[151,518,1087,1147]" box="[151,288,1122,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">
(
<figureCitation id="135268B0B76C9B570D99FB91FED90F01" box="[159,278,1122,1147]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-10="FIGURE 11" captionStart-11="FIGURE 12" captionStart-12="FIGURE 13" captionStart-13="FIGURE 14" captionStart-14="FIGURE 15" captionStart-15="FIGURE 16" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStart-8="FIGURE 9" captionStart-9="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1187,1209]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1987,2009]" captionStartId-10="9.[151,250,1964,1986]" captionStartId-11="10.[151,250,1480,1502]" captionStartId-12="11.[151,250,1422,1444]" captionStartId-13="12.[151,250,1028,1050]" captionStartId-14="12.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionStartId-15="13.[151,250,1404,1426]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1027,1049]" captionStartId-3="4.[151,250,2008,2030]" captionStartId-4="5.[151,250,986,1008]" captionStartId-5="6.[151,250,1982,2004]" captionStartId-6="7.[151,250,1070,1092]" captionStartId-7="8.[151,250,1026,1048]" captionStartId-8="8.[151,250,1971,1993]" captionStartId-9="9.[151,250,1049,1071]" captionTargetBox-0="[173,1416,337,1165]" captionTargetBox-1="[270,1298,477,1935]" captionTargetBox-10="[404,1342,1266,1913]" captionTargetBox-11="[150,1436,193,1458]" captionTargetBox-12="[150,1436,193,1401]" captionTargetBox-13="[150,1436,307,1006]" captionTargetBox-14="[203,1436,1100,1957]" captionTargetBox-15="[168,1422,189,1361]" captionTargetBox-2="[187,1375,198,1002]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,1129,1986]" captionTargetBox-4="[150,1433,193,965]" captionTargetBox-5="[211,1375,195,1942]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1435,193,1049]" captionTargetBox-7="[218,1353,200,987]" captionTargetBox-8="[186,1412,1135,1932]" captionTargetBox-9="[163,1422,191,1030]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[173,1416,337,1165]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[269,1298,409,1952]" captionTargetId-10="figure@9.[176,1405,1120,1939]" captionTargetId-11="figure@10.[150,1436,193,1458]" captionTargetId-12="figure@11.[150,1436,193,1401]" captionTargetId-13="figure@12.[150,1436,149,1006]" captionTargetId-14="figure@12.[150,1436,1100,1957]" captionTargetId-15="figure@13.[154,1439,177,1376]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[186,1400,193,1002]" captionTargetId-3="figure@4.[151,1435,1129,1986]" captionTargetId-4="figure@5.[150,1436,193,965]" captionTargetId-5="figure@6.[211,1375,195,1942]" captionTargetId-6="figure@7.[151,1435,193,1049]" captionTargetId-9="figure@9.[163,1422,191,1030]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-10="9" captionTargetPageId-11="10" captionTargetPageId-12="11" captionTargetPageId-13="12" captionTargetPageId-14="12" captionTargetPageId-15="13" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionTargetPageId-4="5" captionTargetPageId-5="6" captionTargetPageId-6="7" captionTargetPageId-7="8" captionTargetPageId-8="8" captionTargetPageId-9="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Simulium arminii, male left hind basitarsus; inset with tarsomeres showing the pedisulcus (scale bars = 200 µm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Simulium arminii, male gonocoxite and gonostylus; dorsal view (scale bar: 200 µm)." captionText-10="FIGURE 11. Simulium arminii, transparent cocoon of pupa, with weakly developed anterodorsal extension of thickened rim (scale bar = 1.0 mm)." captionText-11="FIGURE 12. Simulium arminii, larval head; dorsal view (scale bar = 100 µm)." captionText-12="FIGURE 13. Simulium arminii, larval head showing postgenal cleft; ventral view (scale bar = 100 µm)." captionText-13="FIGURE 14. Simulium arminii, larval hypostoma (scale bar = 10 µm)." captionText-14="FIGURE 15. Simulium arminii, apex of larval mandible, showing apical and preapical teeth, spinous comb teeth, sensillum and three serrations, and convex blade region (scale bar = 10 µm)." captionText-15="FIGURE 16. Chromosome arm IIIL of Simulium arminii; C = centromere. A. Basal half of arm, showing the heterozygous q / w sequence (sensu Hunter 1987); the outer breakpoints of the q and w sequences, as well as IIIP- 1, are shown by brackets. The heteroband Hb- 85 B 3 is shown in the homozygous enhanced condition (++). B, C. Basal three-quarters of arm, showing the IIIP- 1 and w sequence. Breakpoints of polymorphic inversions IIIL- 1 ar and IIIL- 2 ar are indicated by brackets. Small letters ‘ a’ through ‘ f’, when alphabetized, produce the standard sequence of Brockhouse (1985)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Simulium arminii, male ventral plate, left and right parameral spines, and dorsal plate with aedeagal membrane; terminal view (scale bar = 100 µm)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Simulium arminii, male ventral plate; ventral view (scale bar = 100 µm)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Simulium arminii, male dorsal plate with parameres; median sclerite in left inset (scale bar = 100 µm)." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Simulium arminii, female terminalia; ventral view (scale bar = 100 µm)." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Simulium arminii, female anal lobe and cercus; left diagonal lateral view (scale bar = 50 µm)." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Simulium arminii, female genital fork, hypogynial valves, and spermatheca. Left: ventral view. Right: dorsal view (scale bar = 100 µm)." captionText-8="FIGURE 9. Simulium arminii. Left: pupal exuviae and cocoon showing short anterodorsal projection; anterior half in dorsal view (scale bar = 0.5 mm). Right: schematic depiction of branching pattern of pupal gill (viewed from anterior)." captionText-9="FIGURE 10. Simulium arminii, pupal microtubercles with microgranules; white specks represent chalk particles from habitat substratum (scale bar = 50 µm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/264047/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/264048/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/264057/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/264058/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/264059/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/264060/files/figure.png" httpUri-14="https://zenodo.org/record/264061/files/figure.png" httpUri-15="https://zenodo.org/record/264062/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/264049/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/264050/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/264051/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/264052/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/264053/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/264054/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/264055/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/264056/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">Figs. 1–16</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37327BEB76C9B570D91FB59FC3A0FBA" box="[151,1013,1194,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76C9B570D91FB59FC3A0FBA" blockId="1.[151,1013,1194,1216]" box="[151,1013,1194,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B76C9B570D91FB59FD9D0FBA" ID-CoL="8DY3D" authority="Seitz &amp; Adler 2009" authorityName="Seitz &amp; Adler" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,594,1194,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carthusiense">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76C9B570D91FB59FEB20FBA" box="[151,381,1194,1216]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">Simulium carthusiense</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFF809C4B76C9B570C8CFB59FD9D0FBA" author="Seitz" box="[394,594,1194,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" refString="Seitz, G. &amp; Adler, P. H. (2009) A new species of the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Alps of southeastern Germany. Aquatic Insects, 31, 1 - 10. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650420802425158" type="journal article" year="2009">Seitz &amp; Adler 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, not Grenier &amp; Dorier [misidentification]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37327BEB76C9B570D91FB1EFC3B0D30" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76C9B570D91FB1EFBD00E08" blockId="1.[151,1437,1261,2006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">
<materialsCitation id="3B017E68B76C9B570D91FB1EFBD00E08" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426051020" collectingDate="1917-08" collectingDateMax="2014-08-19" collectingDateMin="1917-08" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="Gunther Seitz" country="Germany" county="Hammersbach" elevation="1460" latitude="47.435833" location="Male" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="11.023055" municipality="Garmisch-Partenkirchen" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76C9B570D91FB1EFEC40E7C" bold="true" box="[151,267,1261,1286]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">
<typeStatus id="54D2CA97B76C9B570D91FB1EFEC90E7C" box="[151,262,1261,1286]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EB622EEB76C9B570C17FB1EFE840E7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C0C523B76C9B5D0D91FBCCFA910CEE:8EB622EEB76C9B570C17FB1EFE840E7C" box="[273,331,1261,1286]" country="Germany" county="Hammersbach" latitude="47.435833" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="11.023055" municipality="Garmisch-Partenkirchen" name="Male" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">Male</location>
with associated pupal exuviae and cocoon in ethanol; left hind leg and abdominal tip with genitalia parts in four microvials with glycerine,
<collectingCountry id="F37E34A5B76C9B570FABFAE1FCD90E50" box="[685,790,1298,1322]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">Germany</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8EB622EEB76C9B570E36FAE2FC540E50" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C0C523B76C9B5D0D91FBCCFA910CEE:8EB622EEB76C9B570E36FAE2FC540E50" box="[816,923,1297,1322]" country="Germany" county="Hammersbach" latitude="47.435833" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="11.023055" municipality="Garmisch-Partenkirchen" name="Hollental" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">Höllental</location>
, near
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB2EE4FB76C9B570EFAFAE2FADE0E50" box="[1020,1297,1297,1322]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">Garmisch-Partenkirchen</collectingMunicipality>
, spring to
<collectingCounty id="62B70CB9B76C9B570D91FAC6FEF30E34" box="[151,316,1333,1358]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">Hammersbach</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D12F2B76C9B570C4EFAC6FE1E0E34" box="[328,465,1333,1358]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" precision="15" value="47.435833">47°26´09”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D12F2B76C9B570CDCFAC5FDAD0E34" box="[474,610,1334,1358]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" precision="15" value="11.023055">11°01´23”E</geoCoordinate>
, orographically from the left (western) side,
<quantity id="4C91D9D0B76C9B570964FAC6FB770E37" box="[1122,1208,1333,1358]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="1460.0">
<elevation id="00449306B76C9B570964FAC6FB770E37" box="[1122,1208,1333,1358]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="1460.0">1460 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation, collected
<date id="FFD752F5B76C9B570D91FAA9FEC10E08" box="[151,270,1370,1394]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" value="1917-08">
<collectingDate id="EF93AB1DB76C9B570D91FAA9FEC10E08" box="[151,270,1370,1394]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" value="1917-08">17 August</collectingDate>
</date>
, emerged
<date id="FFD752F5B76C9B570C86FAA9FDF90E08" box="[384,566,1370,1394]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" value="2014-08-19">
<collectingDate id="EF93AB1DB76C9B570C86FAA9FDF90E08" box="[384,566,1370,1394]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" value="2014-08-19">19 August 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="269C11E3B76C9B570F77FAAAFCC40E08" box="[625,779,1369,1394]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">Gunther Seitz</collectorName>
(deposited in the
<collectionCode id="ED78ECF0B76C9B570ED2FAA9FBDD0E08" box="[980,1042,1370,1394]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">ZSM</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76C9B570DC1FA8EFC3B0D30" blockId="1.[151,1437,1261,2006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76C9B570DC1FA8EFE890EEC" bold="true" box="[199,326,1405,1430]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">Paratypes.</emphasis>
Data as in
<tableCitation id="C6EB418EB76C9B570CCEFA8EFDD10EEC" box="[456,542,1405,1430]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="0.[151,239,1691,1714]" captionTargetBox="[151,1372,1774,2026]" captionTargetPageId="0" captionText="TABLE 1. Number of specimens of each life stage and gender of Simulium arminii n. sp. collected in the German Alps, including the holotype; all others are paratypes." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1624BDB76D9B560D91F968FD5D0DA8" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" tableUuid="DF1624BDB76D9B560D91F968FD5D0DA8">Table 1</tableCitation>
: 1 female allotype with associated pupal exuviae and cocoon in ethanol (head, labellum, and abdominal tip in separate microvial with glycerine, left maxillary palp slide-mounted in Euparal; ZSM); 2 females with pupal exuviae, 5 pupae (in ethanol), 3 microscope slides with larval mandibles, labral fan rays, hypostoma, and postgenal cleft (in Euparal; ZSM); 1 male and 1 female with exuviae (in ethanol), 1 male larva and 14 female larvae (Carnoy’s fixative, transferred to ethanol after chromosome extraction; CUAC); 1 male and 2 females with pupal exuviae, 10 pupae (in ethanol; Collection G. Seitz).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37327BEB76C9B570DC1F9A6FE9E0DCF" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76C9B570DC1F9A6FE9E0DCF" blockId="1.[151,1437,1261,2006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76C9B570DC1F9A6FE810D14" bold="true" box="[199,334,1621,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named in honor of the first author’s son Armin (original Latin name = “Arminius”; genitive = “
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B76C9B570C1CF98AFEB60DE8" box="[282,377,1657,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii">Arminii</taxonomicName>
”) for companionship and collecting on the occasion of the discovery of the new species in the Sittersbach area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37327BEB76C9B510DC1F932FE6F0C3B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76C9B540DC1F932FC1C0A67" blockId="1.[151,1437,1261,2006]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="392" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76C9B570DC1F932FEC40DA0" bold="true" box="[199,267,1729,1754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">Male.</emphasis>
Body length
<quantity id="4C91D9D0B76C9B570CB4F931FDDE0DA3" box="[434,529,1730,1754]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
; wing length
<quantity id="4C91D9D0B76C9B570FBEF931FCD80DA3" box="[696,791,1730,1754]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="391" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
. Scutum black; thoracic hair golden. Radius with hair dorsobasally. Stem vein and basicosta with long, golden hair. Mesepimeral tuft, basal fringe, and abdominal hair golden. Legs brown, base and tip of femora and tibiae darker; recumbent pilosity golden yellow in reflected light, shining. Hind leg with basitarsus 4.5 times longer than wide at widest point; calcipala less than ½ width of apex of basitarsus; pedisulcus distinctly developed (
<figureCitation id="135268B0B76C9B570F82F8A2FD090C10" box="[644,710,1873,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1187,1209]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,337,1165]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[173,1416,337,1165]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Simulium arminii, male left hind basitarsus; inset with tarsomeres showing the pedisulcus (scale bars = 200 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264047/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Male genitalia: Ventral surface of gonocoxite with long brown hairs, shorter dorsally. Gonostylus at base about ½ as wide as entire length, shorter than coxite, nearly parallel sided, distally with medially directed, subtriangular flange bearing 1 apical spinule (
<figureCitation id="135268B0B76C9B570987F86AFB040CC8" box="[1153,1227,1945,1970]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1987,2009]" captionTargetBox="[270,1298,477,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[269,1298,409,1952]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Simulium arminii, male gonocoxite and gonostylus; dorsal view (scale bar: 200 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264048/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Ventral plate in terminal view with lip slightly protruded (
<figureCitation id="135268B0B76C9B570F74F84EFD790CAC" box="[626,694,1981,2006]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1027,1049]" captionTargetBox="[187,1375,198,1002]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[186,1400,193,1002]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Simulium arminii, male ventral plate, left and right parameral spines, and dorsal plate with aedeagal membrane; terminal view (scale bar = 100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264049/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="391">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), in ventral view with body trapezoidal, posterolaterally rounded, anterior margin convex, posterior margin concave; lip with hairs originating from small cuticular nodules; basal arms slender, slightly shorter than length of body of ventral plate, and with apical ½ of each arm directed slightly inward (
<figureCitation id="135268B0B76F9B540DF2FF2CFEF60B82" box="[244,313,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,2008,2030]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1129,1986]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,1129,1986]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Simulium arminii, male ventral plate; ventral view (scale bar = 100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264050/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="392">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Parameres each with 1 strong spine; dorsal plate subquadrate with rounded corners beyond flangelike collar; median sclerite elongated, slender, apically bifurcated (
<figureCitation id="135268B0B76F9B540E87FEF7FC0A0A67" box="[897,965,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,986,1008]" captionTargetBox="[150,1433,193,965]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,193,965]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Simulium arminii, male dorsal plate with parameres; median sclerite in left inset (scale bar = 100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264051/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="392">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1624BDB76F9B540D91FB50FA400FC3" box="[151,1423,1187,1209]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264047/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="392" targetBox="[173,1416,337,1165]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76F9B540D91FB50FA400FC3" blockId="2.[151,1423,1187,1209]" box="[151,1423,1187,1209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76F9B540D91FB50FEDC0FC2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1187,1209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="392">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B76F9B540C1FFB50FE050FC3" box="[281,458,1187,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76F9B540C1FFB50FE050FC3" box="[281,458,1187,1209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="392">Simulium arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male left hind basitarsus; inset with tarsomeres showing the pedisulcus (scale bars = 200 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76F9B540DC1FB13FF7A0C27" blockId="2.[151,1437,1248,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76F9B540DC1FB13FEEA0F83" bold="true" box="[199,293,1248,1273]" pageId="2" pageNumber="392">Female.</emphasis>
Body length
<quantity id="4C91D9D0B76F9B540CC4FB12FDD20F82" box="[450,541,1249,1273]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="392" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
; wing length
<quantity id="4C91D9D0B76F9B540FBCFB12FCDA0F82" box="[698,789,1249,1273]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="392" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
. Scutum, humeral angles, and scutellum brown; thoracic hair golden. Postnotum brown, without hair. Frons at narrowest width about 1/7 width of head; frons and clypeus with golden hair. Mandible with about 39 serrations (13 outer and 26 inner); lacinia with 21 (left) and 24 (right) retrorse teeth. Palpomere V about 1.9 times longer than palpomere IV and about 1.5 times longer than palpomere III. Sensory vesicle in lateral view elliptical, nearly ½ as long as palpomere III. Stem vein and basicosta with golden hair. Basal fringe and mesepimeral tuft golden. Precoxal bridge complete. Legs light brown, darker on tarsi and apices of femora and tibiae; hair on tarsi light brown, golden on other segments. Hind leg with basitarsus 7.5 times longer than wide at widest point; calcipala about ½ width of apex of basitarsus; pedisulcus distinctly developed. Claws each with basal, thumblike lobe. Terminalia: Cercus strongly haired on both sides. Anal lobe sclerotized at edges, medioventrally bulged, beset with hairs on both sides (
<figureCitation id="135268B0B76F9B54092BF9D6FBB70D44" box="[1069,1144,1573,1598]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1982,2004]" captionTargetBox="[211,1375,195,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[211,1375,195,1942]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Simulium arminii, female terminalia; ventral view (scale bar = 100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264052/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="392">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Cercus in lateral view rectangular, broader than long, with upper corner more or less at right angle and lower corner rounded; anal lobe slightly extended ventrally, covered with strong hairs (
<figureCitation id="135268B0B76F9B540FF3F99EFCF70DFF" box="[757,824,1645,1670]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1070,1092]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1049]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,193,1049]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 7. Simulium arminii, female anal lobe and cercus; left diagonal lateral view (scale bar = 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264053/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="392">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Hypogynial valves almost transparent, each with few small hairs on basal half, otherwise unhaired (
<figureCitation id="135268B0B76F9B540FADF963FD3D0DD3" box="[683,754,1680,1705]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1026,1048]" captionTargetBox="[218,1353,200,987]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Simulium arminii, female genital fork, hypogynial valves, and spermatheca. Left: ventral view. Right: dorsal view (scale bar = 100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264054/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="392">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Genital fork (
<figureCitation id="135268B0B76F9B540EA0F963FC250DD3" box="[934,1002,1680,1705]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1026,1048]" captionTargetBox="[218,1353,200,987]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Simulium arminii, female genital fork, hypogynial valves, and spermatheca. Left: ventral view. Right: dorsal view (scale bar = 100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264054/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="392">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) with stem long, well pigmented, 1.2 times longer than each comparatively long, straight arm. Arms distinctly divergent, extended posterolaterally beyond lateral plates, enclosing wide U-shaped space. Lateral plates each with dark brown cuticle and short, blunt, anteriorly directed apodeme (
<figureCitation id="135268B0B76F9B540CE1F90EFDE10C6F" box="[487,558,1789,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1026,1048]" captionTargetBox="[218,1353,200,987]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Simulium arminii, female genital fork, hypogynial valves, and spermatheca. Left: ventral view. Right: dorsal view (scale bar = 100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264054/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="392">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Spermatheca slightly longer than broad, longer than half length of stem of genital fork, with polygonal surface pattern; area surrounding junction with spermathecal duct unpigmented (
<figureCitation id="135268B0B76F9B540869F8D3FF680C27" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1026,1048]" captionTargetBox="[218,1353,200,987]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Simulium arminii, female genital fork, hypogynial valves, and spermatheca. Left: ventral view. Right: dorsal view (scale bar = 100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264054/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="392">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76F9B550DC1F89BFB550A1E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1248,2030]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="2" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76F9B540DC1F89BFE6B0CFB" bold="true" box="[199,420,1896,1921]" pageId="2" pageNumber="392">Pupa and cocoon.</emphasis>
Body length (without gill) up to
<quantity id="4C91D9D0B76F9B540E3FF89BFC590CFA" box="[825,918,1896,1921]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="392" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
. Gill of 4 closely spaced filaments directed anteriorly, longer than pupa if straight and fully extended; lower pair of filaments branched in vertical plane, upper pair of filaments branched inward in diagonal plane; filaments branching at acute angle from common basal trunk, which is up to 3.5 times longer than wide. Upper trunk up to ¼ thicker and 1.5–3.0 times longer than lower trunk; filaments with transverse furrows (
<figureCitation id="135268B0B76E9B550F24FF64FDA70BCA" box="[546,616,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[186,1412,1135,1932]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 9. Simulium arminii. Left: pupal exuviae and cocoon showing short anterodorsal projection; anterior half in dorsal view (scale bar = 0.5 mm). Right: schematic depiction of branching pattern of pupal gill (viewed from anterior)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264055/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="393">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Head plate and anterior thoracic dorsum densely covered with circular microtubercles (diameter up to 12.5 µm) bearing microgranules (
<figureCitation id="135268B0B76E9B550EB8FF4FFBC50BAF" box="[958,1034,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1049,1071]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,191,1030]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[163,1422,191,1030]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 10. Simulium arminii, pupal microtubercles with microgranules; white specks represent chalk particles from habitat substratum (scale bar = 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264056/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="393">Fig.10</figureCitation>
); thoracic trichomes unbranched, dichotomous, or trichotomous, up to 250 µm long. Lower part of frontoclypeal shield with 1 short seta per side (often broken). Terminal spines small, pointed. Cocoon slipper shaped, décolleté, exposing much of thoracic area, overall weakly woven and transparent, covered with small chalk particles, with thickened rim, anteromedially with small, more or less protruding extension of woven strands, reduced in many cases (
<figureCitation id="135268B0B76E9B55093CFEBFFB430A1E" box="[1082,1164,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[404,1342,1266,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[176,1405,1120,1939]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 11. Simulium arminii, transparent cocoon of pupa, with weakly developed anterodorsal extension of thickened rim (scale bar = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264057/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="393">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1624BDB76E9B550D91F830FBBC0CA3" box="[151,1139,1987,2009]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264048/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="393" targetBox="[270,1298,477,1935]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76E9B550D91F830FBBC0CA3" blockId="3.[151,1139,1987,2009]" box="[151,1139,1987,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76E9B550D91F830FEDD0CA2" bold="true" box="[151,274,1987,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="393">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B76E9B550C1FF830FE050CA3" box="[281,458,1987,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76E9B550C1FF830FE050CA3" box="[281,458,1987,2009]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="393">Simulium arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male gonocoxite and gonostylus; dorsal view (scale bar: 200 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1624BDB7699B520D91FBF0FDCC0F4D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264049/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="394" targetBox="[187,1375,198,1002]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B7699B520D91FBF0FDCC0F4D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1027,1079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7699B520D91FBF0FEDB0F62" bold="true" box="[151,276,1027,1049]" pageId="4" pageNumber="394">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7699B520C1AFBF0FE010F63" box="[284,462,1027,1049]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7699B520C1AFBF0FE010F63" box="[284,462,1027,1049]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="394">Simulium arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male ventral plate, left and right parameral spines, and dorsal plate with aedeagal membrane; terminal view (scale bar = 100 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1624BDB7699B520D91F82BFC380C94" box="[151,1015,2008,2030]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264050/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="394" targetBox="[151,1435,1129,1986]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B7699B520D91F82BFC380C94" blockId="4.[151,1015,2008,2030]" box="[151,1015,2008,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7699B520D91F82BFEDD0C97" bold="true" box="[151,274,2008,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="394">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7699B520C1FF82BFE050C94" box="[281,458,2008,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7699B520C1FF82BFE050C94" box="[281,458,2008,2030]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="394">Simulium arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male ventral plate; ventral view (scale bar = 100 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1624BDB7689B530D91FC29FAEA088A" box="[151,1317,986,1008]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264051/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="395" targetBox="[150,1433,193,965]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B7689B530D91FC29FAEA088A" blockId="5.[151,1317,986,1008]" box="[151,1317,986,1008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7689B530D91FC29FEDD088A" bold="true" box="[151,274,986,1008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7689B530C1FFC29FE05088A" box="[281,458,986,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7689B530C1FFC29FE05088A" box="[281,458,986,1008]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">Simulium arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male dorsal plate with parameres; median sclerite in left inset (scale bar = 100 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD67435B7689B530DC1FBEBFE2E0D0A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1048,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7689B530DC1FBEBFED80F4B" bold="true" box="[199,279,1048,1073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">Larva.</emphasis>
Length of last instar up to
<quantity id="4C91D9D0B7689B530F4AFBEBFD690F4A" box="[588,678,1048,1072]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="395" unit="mm" value="7.4">7.4 mm</quantity>
. Ground colour of body whitish yellow; dorsally with more or less distinctly pigmented brownish areas. Head yellowish brown, with washed-out positive, brown head spots; frontoclypeal apotome paler than postgenae; posteromedial head spot in form of isosceles triangle (
<figureCitation id="135268B0B7689B530830FB93FA400F02" box="[1334,1423,1120,1145]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1480,1502]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1458]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[150,1436,193,1458]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 12. Simulium arminii, larval head; dorsal view (scale bar = 100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264058/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Postgenal cleft longer than wide, about 200 µm long and up to 150 µm wide, rounded or slightly mitre shaped, extended about ½ distance to hypostomal groove (
<figureCitation id="135268B0B7689B530FCEFB5BFCD50FBA" box="[712,794,1192,1217]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1422,1444]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1401]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,193,1401]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 13. Simulium arminii, larval head showing postgenal cleft; ventral view (scale bar = 100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264059/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
); subesophageal ganglion unpigmented. Hypostoma with median tooth longer than 2 smaller lateral teeth that each arise from broadly rounded base; 3 small sublateral teeth per side (
<figureCitation id="135268B0B7689B530DF9FB03FE9D0E72" box="[255,338,1264,1289]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1028,1050]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,307,1006]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1436,149,1006]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 14. Simulium arminii, larval hypostoma (scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264060/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Paralateral teeth composed of 1 tooth on each side followed by 3 smaller saw teeth; 3–5 weakly expressed lateral serrations per side; 4 sublateral hypostomal setae, arranged one behind another per side, decreasing in length, with anteriormost seta about 100 µm long, trifid, deeply divided. Antenna longer than stem of labral fan, transparent, up to 0.55 (0.51) mm long, with articles 1 and 2 brownish; proportion of articles proximal to distal (excluding apical sensillum) 1.7:2.0:1.0 (1.5:2.1:1.0). Mandible with typically developed apical and preapical teeth, followed by 8 spinous comb teeth; inner preapical ridge of mandible with 1 sensillum and 3 serrations (
<figureCitation id="135268B0B7689B530C13FA3BFEA50E9B" box="[277,362,1480,1505]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[203,1436,1100,1957]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1436,1100,1957]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 15. Simulium arminii, apex of larval mandible, showing apical and preapical teeth, spinous comb teeth, sensillum and three serrations, and convex blade region (scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264061/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). Labral fan (
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7689B530F01FA3AFDDA0E9A" box="[519,533,1481,1504]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">n</emphasis>
= 4) with 39–43 primary rays. Abdomen with conical ventral tubercle on each side of last segment. Anal sclerite X-shaped, with sclerotized areas alongside arms and between 2 halves; anterodorsal arms shorter than posterodorsal arms. Cuticle beside sclerite with numerous hairs, up to 40 µm long; no rectal scales. Rectal papillae with 3 compound lobes, each with 12–14 lobules. Posterior proleg with up to 12 hooks in each of 74–78 rows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD67435B7689B530DC1F98FFBB60CA6" blockId="5.[151,1437,1048,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7689B530DC1F98FFE2D0DEF" bold="true" box="[199,482,1660,1685]" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">Polytene chromosomes.</emphasis>
Chromosome arms IS and IIL had the standard banding sequence of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF809C4B7689B530810F98FFF2E0DC3" author="Brockhouse" pageId="5" pageNumber="395" refString="Brockhouse, C. (1985) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2145 - 2161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 316" type="journal article" year="1985">Brockhouse (1985)</bibRefCitation>
for the
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7689B530C44F953FDC50DC2" box="[322,522,1696,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7689B530C44F953FDC50DC2" box="[322,522,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">Simulium vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, whereas
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7689B530FCAF953FD330DC2" box="[716,764,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">IL-2</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7689B530E0BF953FC8A0DC2" box="[781,837,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">IIS-1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7689B530E50F953FC580DC2" box="[854,919,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">IIIS-4</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7689B530EDDF953FBD00DC2" box="[987,1055,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">IIIP-1</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135268B0B7689B530937F953FB490DC3" box="[1073,1158,1696,1721]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1404,1426]" captionTargetBox="[168,1422,189,1361]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[154,1439,177,1376]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 16. Chromosome arm IIIL of Simulium arminii; C = centromere. A. Basal half of arm, showing the heterozygous q / w sequence (sensu Hunter 1987); the outer breakpoints of the q and w sequences, as well as IIIP- 1, are shown by brackets. The heteroband Hb- 85 B 3 is shown in the homozygous enhanced condition (++). B, C. Basal three-quarters of arm, showing the IIIP- 1 and w sequence. Breakpoints of polymorphic inversions IIIL- 1 ar and IIIL- 2 ar are indicated by brackets. Small letters ‘ a’ through ‘ f’, when alphabetized, produce the standard sequence of Brockhouse (1985)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264062/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
) of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF809C4B7689B5309BFF952FA940DC2" author="Hunter" box="[1209,1371,1696,1720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="395" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 470" type="journal article" year="1987">Hunter (1987)</bibRefCitation>
were fixed (
<tableCitation id="C6EB418EB7689B530DE2F937FE8F0DA6" box="[228,320,1732,1757]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,1132,1155]" captionTargetBox="[159,1312,1224,1669]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Frequency of chromosomal rearrangements in larvae of Simulium arminii n. sp. from the German Alps." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1624BDB76A9B510D91FB9FFAAD0FF9" pageId="5" pageNumber="395" tableUuid="DF1624BDB76A9B510D91FB9FFAAD0FF9">Table 2</tableCitation>
). A chromocenter, ectopic pairing, and supernumerary (B) chromosomes were absent. The sex chromosomes, based on
<specimenCount id="9D6FBFBCB7689B530CABF91BFDE80C7B" box="[429,551,1768,1793]" pageId="5" pageNumber="395" type="female">14 females</specimenCount>
and only
<specimenCount id="9D6FBFBCB7689B530F9FF91BFD270C7B" box="[665,744,1768,1793]" pageId="5" pageNumber="395" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, were undifferentiated (X0Y0). Polymorphisms included IIIL- 19.1 (= q sequence of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF809C4B7689B530CC5F8E3FD920C5D" author="Hunter" box="[451,605,1807,1831]" pageId="5" pageNumber="395" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 470" type="journal article" year="1987">Hunter 1987</bibRefCitation>
), IIIL-2,(19'.1') (= w sequence of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF809C4B7689B530913F8E3FB7F0C5D" author="Hunter" box="[1045,1200,1807,1831]" pageId="5" pageNumber="395" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 470" type="journal article" year="1987">Hunter 1987</bibRefCitation>
), and three unique polymorphisms: IIIL-1ar, IIIL-2ar, and IIIL heteroband Hb-85B3 (
<tableCitation id="C6EB418EB7689B530EC1F8C0FBE60C31" box="[967,1065,1843,1868]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,1132,1155]" captionTargetBox="[159,1312,1224,1669]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Frequency of chromosomal rearrangements in larvae of Simulium arminii n. sp. from the German Alps." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1624BDB76A9B510D91FB9FFAAD0FF9" pageId="5" pageNumber="395" tableUuid="DF1624BDB76A9B510D91FB9FFAAD0FF9">Table 2</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="135268B0B7689B530939F8C0FB530C36" box="[1087,1180,1843,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1404,1426]" captionTargetBox="[168,1422,189,1361]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[154,1439,177,1376]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 16. Chromosome arm IIIL of Simulium arminii; C = centromere. A. Basal half of arm, showing the heterozygous q / w sequence (sensu Hunter 1987); the outer breakpoints of the q and w sequences, as well as IIIP- 1, are shown by brackets. The heteroband Hb- 85 B 3 is shown in the homozygous enhanced condition (++). B, C. Basal three-quarters of arm, showing the IIIP- 1 and w sequence. Breakpoints of polymorphic inversions IIIL- 1 ar and IIIL- 2 ar are indicated by brackets. Small letters ‘ a’ through ‘ f’, when alphabetized, produce the standard sequence of Brockhouse (1985)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264062/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). Section 41/42 was homozygously puffed in at least some nuclei in about half of the larvae. The difficulty of ascertaining whether IIIL- 19.1 and IIIL-19'.1' are the same or different (mimic) inversions persists (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF809C4B7689B530ECEF888FB950CE9" author="Hunter" box="[968,1114,1915,1939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="395" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 470" type="journal article" year="1987">Hunter 1987</bibRefCitation>
). Here, we recognize the ‘w’ sequence of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF809C4B7689B530C20F853FE070CCD" author="Hunter" box="[294,456,1951,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="395" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 470" type="journal article" year="1987">Hunter (1987)</bibRefCitation>
without distinguishing IIIL-19.1 and IIIL-19'.1'. If the inversions are equivalent, then IIIL-19 and IIIL-1 are fixed in
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7689B530CF7F830FDAF0CA1" box="[497,608,1987,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7689B530CF7F830FDAF0CA1" box="[497,608,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">S. arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7689B530F61F830FD6A0CA6" bold="true" box="[615,677,1987,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E155CB7689B530F61F830FD6A0CA6" box="[615,677,1987,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="395" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and IIIL-2 is floating (i.e., polymorphic).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1624BDB76B9B500D91F84DFC3B0CAE" box="[151,1012,1982,2004]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264052/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="396" targetBox="[211,1375,195,1942]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76B9B500D91F84DFC3B0CAE" blockId="6.[151,1012,1982,2004]" box="[151,1012,1982,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76B9B500D91F84DFEDD0CA9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1982,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="396">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B76B9B500C1FF84DFE050CAE" box="[281,458,1982,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76B9B500C1FF84DFE050CAE" box="[281,458,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="396">Simulium arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female terminalia; ventral view (scale bar = 100 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1624BDB76A9B510D91FBDDFB020F3E" box="[151,1229,1070,1092]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264053/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="397" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1049]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76A9B510D91FBDDFB020F3E" blockId="7.[151,1229,1070,1092]" box="[151,1229,1070,1092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76A9B510D91FBDDFEDD0F3E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1070,1092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B76A9B510C1FFBDDFE050F3E" box="[281,458,1070,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76A9B510C1FFBDDFE050F3E" box="[281,458,1070,1092]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">Simulium arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female anal lobe and cercus; left diagonal lateral view (scale bar = 50 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1624BDB76A9B510D91FB9FFAAD0FF9" ID-Table-UUID="DF1624BDB76A9B510D91FB9FFAAD0FF9" box="[151,1378,1132,1155]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1624BDB76A9B510D91FB9FFAAD0FF9" pageId="7" pageNumber="397" targetBox="[159,1312,1224,1669]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76A9B510D91FB9FFAAD0FF9" blockId="7.[151,1378,1132,1155]" box="[151,1378,1132,1155]" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76A9B510D91FB9FFEC60FF9" bold="true" box="[151,265,1132,1155]" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Frequency of chromosomal rearrangements in larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B76A9B510E61FB9FFBEF0FF9" box="[871,1056,1132,1155]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76A9B510E61FB9FFBEF0FF9" box="[871,1056,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">Simulium arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76A9B51092EFB9FFBAB0FF9" bold="true" box="[1064,1124,1132,1155]" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E155CB76A9B51092EFB9FFBAB0FF9" box="[1064,1124,1132,1155]" pageId="7" pageNumber="397" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from the German Alps.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76A9B510F20FB6DFD900DC4" blockId="7.[550,995,1182,1204]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,1702,1857]" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">Sittersbach Hammersbach a Italicized inversions indicate they are fixed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76A9B510F20FB3BFB660DFF" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">
<table id="F9698695B76A64A90D99FB3BFAEF0DFF" box="[159,1312,1224,1669]" gridcols="4" gridrows="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">
<tr id="35597677B76A64A90D99FB3BFAEF0FA4" box="[159,1312,1224,1246]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76881F0BB76A64A90F20FB3BFD070FA4" box="[550,712,1224,1246]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">13 August 2007</th>
<th id="76881F0BB76A64A90E57FB3BFC3C0FA4" box="[849,1011,1224,1246]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">15 August 2009</th>
<th id="76881F0BB76A64A9097BFB3BFAEF0FA4" box="[1149,1312,1224,1246]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">17 August 2014</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35597677B76A64A90D99FB02FAEF0E7D" box="[159,1312,1265,1287]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">
<th id="76881F0BB76A64A90D99FB02FEB20E7D" box="[159,381,1265,1287]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">No. of females: males</th>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A90F20FB02FD070E7D" box="[550,712,1265,1287]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">2:0</td>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A90E57FB02FC3C0E7D" box="[849,1011,1265,1287]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">7:0</td>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A9097BFB02FAEF0E7D" box="[1149,1312,1265,1287]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">5:1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35597677B76A64A90D99FAE9FAEF0E49" box="[159,1312,1306,1331]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">
<th id="76881F0BB76A64A90D99FAE9FEB20E49" box="[159,381,1306,1331]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76A9B510D99FAEEFF050E49" box="[159,202,1309,1331]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">IL-2</emphasis>
a
</th>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A90F20FAE9FD070E49" box="[550,712,1306,1331]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">1.00</td>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A90E57FAE9FC3C0E49" box="[849,1011,1306,1331]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">1.00</td>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A9097BFAE9FAEF0E49" box="[1149,1312,1306,1331]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">1.00</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35597677B76A64A90D99FAB5FAEF0E26" box="[159,1312,1350,1372]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">
<th id="76881F0BB76A64A90D99FAB5FEB20E26" box="[159,381,1350,1372]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">IIS-1</th>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A90F20FAB5FD070E26" box="[550,712,1350,1372]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">1.00</td>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A90E57FAB5FC3C0E26" box="[849,1011,1350,1372]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">1.00</td>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A9097BFAB5FAEF0E26" box="[1149,1312,1350,1372]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">1.00</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35597677B76A64A90D99FA9CFAEF0EFF" box="[159,1312,1391,1413]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">
<th id="76881F0BB76A64A90D99FA9CFEB20EFF" box="[159,381,1391,1413]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">IIIS-4</th>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A90F20FA9CFD070EFF" box="[550,712,1391,1413]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">1.00</td>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A90E57FA9CFC3C0EFF" box="[849,1011,1391,1413]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">1.00</td>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A9097BFA9CFAEF0EFF" box="[1149,1312,1391,1413]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">1.00</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35597677B76A64A90D99FA6AFAEF0ED5" box="[159,1312,1433,1455]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">
<th id="76881F0BB76A64A90D99FA6AFEB20ED5" box="[159,381,1433,1455]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">IIIL-19.1 (= q)</th>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A90F20FA6AFD070ED5" box="[550,712,1433,1455]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">0.75</td>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A90E57FA6AFC3C0ED5" box="[849,1011,1433,1455]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">0.64</td>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A9097BFA6AFAEF0ED5" box="[1149,1312,1433,1455]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">0.42</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35597677B76A64A90D99FA31FAEF0EA2" box="[159,1312,1474,1496]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">
<th id="76881F0BB76A64A90D99FA31FEB20EA2" box="[159,381,1474,1496]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">IIIL-2,(19'.1') (= w)</th>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A90F20FA31FD070EA2" box="[550,712,1474,1496]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">0.25</td>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A90E57FA31FC3C0EA2" box="[849,1011,1474,1496]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">0.36</td>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A9097BFA31FAEF0EA2" box="[1149,1312,1474,1496]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">0.58</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35597677B76A64A90D99FA18FAEF0D7E" box="[159,1312,1515,1540]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="397" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76881F0BB76A64A90D99FA18FEB20D7E" box="[159,381,1515,1540]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">IIIL-1ar b,c d</th>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A9097BFA18FAEF0D7E" box="[1149,1312,1515,1540]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">0.17</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35597677B76A64A90D99F9E4FAEF0D4A" box="[159,1312,1559,1584]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="397" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76881F0BB76A64A90D99F9E4FEB20D4A" box="[159,381,1559,1584]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">IIIL-2ar b,c,d</th>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A9097BF9E4FAEF0D4A" box="[1149,1312,1559,1584]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">0.08</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35597677B76A64A90D99F9B0FAEF0D26" box="[159,1312,1603,1628]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="397" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76881F0BB76A64A90D99F9B0FEB20D26" box="[159,381,1603,1628]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">IIIL Hb-85B3c</th>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A90E57F9B0FC3C0D26" box="[849,1011,1603,1628]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">0.21</td>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A9097BF9B0FAEF0D26" box="[1149,1312,1603,1628]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">0.33</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35597677B76A64A90D99F99CFAEF0DFF" box="[159,1312,1647,1669]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">
<th id="76881F0BB76A64A90D99F99CFEB20DFF" box="[159,381,1647,1669]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">IIIP-1</th>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A90F20F99CFD070DFF" box="[550,712,1647,1669]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">1.00</td>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A90E57F99CFC3C0DFF" box="[849,1011,1647,1669]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">1.00</td>
<td id="76881F0BB76A64A9097BF99CFAEF0DFF" box="[1149,1312,1647,1669]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">1.00</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76A9B510D91F935FDBE0DA5" blockId="7.[151,1436,1702,1857]" box="[151,625,1734,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">b Polymorphism was on top of the w sequence.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76A9B510D91F91BFD540C7B" blockId="7.[151,1436,1702,1857]" box="[151,667,1768,1793]" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">c Novel polymorphism, known only in this species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76A9B510D91F8FAFE6F0C3B" blockId="7.[151,1436,1702,1857]" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">
d Autosomal polymorphic inversions are named with a two-letter abbreviation of the species name (i.e., ‘ar’), following the practice of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF809C4B76A9B510C0FF8DFFE530C3B" author="Hunter" box="[265,412,1835,1857]" pageId="7" pageNumber="397" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 470" type="journal article" year="1987">Hunter (1987)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37327BEB76A9B5D0DC1F89EFF260D2A" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="401" pageId="7" pageNumber="397" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B76A9B5C0DC1F89EFCFF0CA9" blockId="7.[151,1436,1901,2034]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,1546,2003]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="400" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76A9B510DC1F89EFDBD0CFC" bold="true" box="[199,626,1901,1926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">Diagnosis and taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
Males of
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B76A9B510FF6F89DFCAC0CFF" box="[752,867,1902,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76A9B510FF6F89DFCAC0CFF" box="[752,867,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">S. arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76A9B510E68F89EFC7D0CFC" bold="true" box="[878,946,1901,1926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E155CB76A9B510E68F89EFC7D0CFC" box="[878,946,1901,1926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="397" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from those of other European members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B76A9B510CC2F861FDFA0CD3" box="[452,565,1938,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76A9B510CC2F861FDFA0CD3" box="[452,565,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by the broad trapezoidal ventral plate with small cuticular nodules on the lip and short basal arms directed slightly inward. In comparison with other alpine species in the
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B76A9B51082FF845FA530CB7" box="[1321,1436,1974,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B76A9B51082FF845FA530CB7" box="[1321,1436,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="397">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF809C4B76A9B510C6FF82AFD4E0C88" author="Rivosecchi" box="[361,641,2009,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="397" refString="Rivosecchi, L. (1978) Simuliidi (Diptera Nematocera). Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 533 pp." type="book" year="1978">Rivosecchi 1978, fig. 68</bibRefCitation>
), the new species has the broadest ventral plate, except for that of
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7679B5C0D91F9F8FDE60D59" authority="Rivosecchi" authorityName="Rivosecchi" box="[151,553,1546,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolomitense">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7679B5C0D91F9F8FE400D59" box="[151,399,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="400">Simulium dolomitense</emphasis>
(Rivosecchi)
</taxonomicName>
. The length to width ratio of the hind basitarsus of the male, aside from that of
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7679B5C0D91F9DDFDE80D3D" authority="Seitz &amp; Adler" authorityName="Seitz &amp; Adler" box="[151,551,1582,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bavaricum">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7679B5C0D91F9DDFE4E0D3C" box="[151,385,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="400">Simulium bavaricum</emphasis>
Seitz &amp; Adler
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7679B5C0F59F9DDFC570D3C" authority="Macquart" authorityName="Macquart" box="[607,920,1582,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7679B5C0F59F9DDFCEA0D3C" box="[607,805,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="400">Simulium vernum</emphasis>
Macquart
</taxonomicName>
(sub
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7679B5C0EDFF9DCFB620D3C" box="[985,1197,1582,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes" subGenus="Cnetha">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7679B5C0EDFF9DCFC210D3C" box="[985,1006,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="400">S.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7679B5C0906F9DDFB9E0D3C" box="[1024,1105,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="400">Cnetha</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7679B5C0964F9DDFB620D3C" box="[1122,1197,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="400">latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), also is greater than that of other alpine species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7679B5C0F25F9A0FD5A0D10" box="[547,661,1619,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7679B5C0F25F9A0FD5A0D10" box="[547,661,1619,1642]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="400">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group illustrated (fig. 104) or measured by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF809C4B7679B5C0992F9A1FAA70D11" author="Rivosecchi" box="[1172,1384,1618,1643]" pageId="10" pageNumber="400" refString="Rivosecchi, L. (1978) Simuliidi (Diptera Nematocera). Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 533 pp." type="book" year="1978">Rivosecchi (1978)</bibRefCitation>
. For females, the upper rather right-angled corner and the lower roundly elongated corner of the cercus are striking, as are the long, straight arms of the genital fork. The pupa is characterized by the weakly woven cocoon with a poorly developed or absent anterodorsal projection, and the gill with the lower pair of filaments branched in the vertical plane and the upper pair of filaments branched obliquely inward. Larvae can be distinguished by the shape of the postgenal cleft and the hypostoma with its long median tooth and shorter lateral teeth arising from a rounded base on each side. The high number of primary fan rays in
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7679B5C0FFDF8D8FCA40C38" box="[763,875,1835,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7679B5C0FFDF8D8FCA40C38" box="[763,875,1835,1858]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="400">S. arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7679B5C0E74F8D9FC7D0C39" bold="true" box="[882,946,1834,1859]" pageId="10" pageNumber="400">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E155CB7679B5C0E74F8D9FC7D0C39" box="[882,946,1834,1859]" pageId="10" pageNumber="400" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is not seen in other alpine species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7679B5C0881F8D8FF240C1C" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7679B5C0881F8D8FF240C1C" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="400">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF809C4B7679B5C0CC6F8BDFD5E0C1D" author="Rivosecchi" box="[448,657,1870,1895]" pageId="10" pageNumber="400" refString="Rivosecchi, L. (1978) Simuliidi (Diptera Nematocera). Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 533 pp." type="book" year="1978">Rivosecchi (1978)</bibRefCitation>
. In comparison with other members of this group, the larva resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7679B5C0DEBF880FDCE0CF1" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[237,513,1906,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beltukovae">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7679B5C0DEBF880FE4A0CF1" box="[237,389,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="400">S. beltukovae</emphasis>
(Rubtsov)
</taxonomicName>
(formerly
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7679B5C0F87F880FC5C0CF1" authority="Knoz" authorityName="Knoz" box="[641,915,1907,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpathicum">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7679B5C0F87F880FCE20CF1" box="[641,813,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="400">S. carpathicum</emphasis>
(Knoz))
</taxonomicName>
, based on the elongated median tooth of the hypostoma and the shape of the postgenal cleft. The pupa resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7679B5C091FF865FF2D0CA9" authority="Grenier &amp; Dorier" authorityName="Grenier &amp; Dorier" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carthusiense">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7679B5C091FF865FAD40CD4" box="[1049,1307,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="400">Simulium carthusiense</emphasis>
Grenier &amp; Dorier
</taxonomicName>
, based on the microtubercles bearing microgranules.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1624BDB7659B5E0D91FBF1FEBF0F4D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264054/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="398" targetBox="[218,1353,200,987]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B7659B5E0D91FBF1FEBF0F4D" blockId="8.[151,1435,1026,1079]" pageId="8" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7659B5E0D91FBF1FEDD0F6D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1026,1048]" pageId="8" pageNumber="398">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7659B5E0C1FFBF1FE050F62" box="[281,458,1026,1048]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7659B5E0C1FFBF1FE050F62" box="[281,458,1026,1048]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="398">Simulium arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female genital fork, hypogynial valves, and spermatheca. Left: ventral view. Right: dorsal view (scale bar = 100 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1624BDB7659B5E0D91F840FAC90C92" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264055/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="398" targetBox="[186,1412,1135,1932]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B7659B5E0D91F840FAC90C92" blockId="8.[151,1436,1971,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7659B5E0D91F840FEDB0CB2" bold="true" box="[151,276,1971,1993]" pageId="8" pageNumber="398">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7659B5E0C1AF840FE010CB3" box="[284,462,1971,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7659B5E0C1AF840FE010CB3" box="[284,462,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="398">Simulium arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Left: pupal exuviae and cocoon showing short anterodorsal projection; anterior half in dorsal view (scale bar = 0.5 mm). Right: schematic depiction of branching pattern of pupal gill (viewed from anterior).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1624BDB7649B5F0D91FBEAFE150F34" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264056/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="399" targetBox="[163,1422,191,1030]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B7649B5F0D91FBEAFE150F34" blockId="9.[151,1436,1049,1102]" pageId="9" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7649B5F0D91FBEAFEEF0F54" bold="true" box="[151,288,1049,1071]" pageId="9" pageNumber="399">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7649B5F0C21FBEAFE160F55" box="[295,473,1049,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7649B5F0C21FBEAFE160F55" box="[295,473,1049,1071]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="399">Simulium arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, pupal microtubercles with microgranules; white specks represent chalk particles from habitat substratum (scale bar = 50 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1624BDB7649B5F0D91F85FFEBF0C9B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264057/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="399" targetBox="[404,1342,1266,1913]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B7649B5F0D91F85FFEBF0C9B" blockId="9.[151,1436,1964,2017]" pageId="9" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7649B5F0D91F85FFED00CBB" bold="true" box="[151,287,1964,1986]" pageId="9" pageNumber="399">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7649B5F0C21F85FFE150CB8" box="[295,474,1964,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7649B5F0C21F85FFE150CB8" box="[295,474,1964,1986]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="399">Simulium arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, transparent cocoon of pupa, with weakly developed anterodorsal extension of thickened rim (scale bar = 1.0 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1624BDB7679B5C0D91FA3BFC790EA4" box="[151,950,1480,1502]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264058/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="400" targetBox="[150,1436,193,1458]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B7679B5C0D91FA3BFC790EA4" blockId="10.[151,950,1480,1502]" box="[151,950,1480,1502]" pageId="10" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7679B5C0D91FA3BFED00EA7" bold="true" box="[151,287,1480,1502]" pageId="10" pageNumber="400">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7679B5C0C23FA3BFE180EA4" box="[293,471,1480,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7679B5C0C23FA3BFE180EA4" box="[293,471,1480,1502]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="400">Simulium arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, larval head; dorsal view (scale bar = 100 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1624BDB7669B5D0D91FA7DFB7A0EDE" box="[151,1205,1422,1444]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264059/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" targetBox="[150,1436,193,1401]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B7669B5D0D91FA7DFB7A0EDE" blockId="11.[151,1205,1422,1444]" box="[151,1205,1422,1444]" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0D91FA7DFED00ED9" bold="true" box="[151,287,1422,1444]" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7669B5D0C23FA7DFE180EDE" box="[293,471,1422,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0C23FA7DFE180EDE" box="[293,471,1422,1444]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">Simulium arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, larval head showing postgenal cleft; ventral view (scale bar = 100 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD67435B7669B5D0DC1FA38FF260D2A" blockId="11.[151,1437,1483,1940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">
Chromosomally, the new species is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7669B5D0E36FA3FFC050E9E" box="[816,970,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beltukovae">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0E36FA3FFC050E9E" box="[816,970,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">S. beltukovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs most conspicuously by the absence of a chromocenter and a high frequency of the IIIL q sequence; three polymorphisms are novel.
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7669B5D0834FA03FF250D51" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0834FA03FF250D51" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">Simulium arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0DF5F9E0FEFB0D56" bold="true" box="[243,308,1555,1580]" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E155CB7669B5D0DF5F9E0FEFB0D56" box="[243,308,1555,1580]" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is a member of the Palearctic
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0F9CF9E7FD110D56" box="[666,734,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">IIIP-1</emphasis>
subgroup of the
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7669B5D0EA0F9E7FBD60D51" box="[934,1049,1556,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0EA0F9E7FBD60D51" box="[934,1049,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, as defined by Adler
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0867F9E7FA5A0D56" box="[1377,1429,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">et al</emphasis>
. (2016).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37327BEB7669B5D0DC1F9A8FA910CEE" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD67435B7669B5D0DC1F9A8FA910CEE" blockId="11.[151,1437,1483,1940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0DC1F9A8FDDA0D0E" bold="true" box="[199,533,1627,1652]" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">Distribution and bionomics.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7669B5D0F1AF9AFFD100D09" box="[540,735,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0F1AF9AFFD100D09" box="[540,735,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">Simulium arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0FE0F9A8FCEA0D0E" bold="true" box="[742,805,1627,1652]" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E155CB7669B5D0FE0F9A8FCEA0D0E" box="[742,805,1627,1652]" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is known from only two small rheocrenes (discharge 1– 2 l/sec) above the timber line, surrounded by steep meadows and rocks in the northern limestone Alps of southern
<collectingCountry id="F37E34A5B7669B5D0D91F957FF300DC6" box="[151,255,1700,1724]" name="Germany" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0C12F957FEE70DC6" box="[276,296,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">cf</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF809C4B7669B5D0C3AF950FDE60DC6" author="Seitz" box="[316,553,1699,1724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" refString="Seitz, G. &amp; Adler, P. H. (2009) A new species of the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Alps of southeastern Germany. Aquatic Insects, 31, 1 - 10. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650420802425158" type="journal article" year="2009">Seitz &amp; Adler 2009</bibRefCitation>
, p. 9). In addition to our new species, the springs harboured
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7669B5D080AF957FE410D9A" authority="Enderlein" authorityName="Enderlein" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latimucro">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D080AF957FECC0D9A" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">Prosimulium latimucro</emphasis>
(Enderlein)
</taxonomicName>
at both sites and
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7669B5D0F6EF93BFCCE0D9A" box="[616,769,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bavaricum">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0F6EF93BFCCE0D9A" box="[616,769,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">S. bavaricum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Sittersbach catchment area. Based on our current knowledge, these are the only species that colonize the hypocrenal sections of the northern limestone Alps up to
<quantity id="4C91D9D0B7669B5D0D91F8E3FF240C5D" box="[151,235,1808,1832]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF809C4B7669B5D0C32F8FCFCC90C52" box="[308,774,1807,1832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" refString="Seitz, G. (2004) Contribution to the blackfly fauna (Diptera: Simuliidae) of the Berchtesgaden National Park and its surroundings. Acta Zoologica Universitatis Comenianae, 46, 23 - 30. [Bratislava]" type="journal article">
Seitz 2004,
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7669B5D0CBFF8E3FD830C52" box="[441,588,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bavaricum">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0CBFF8E3FD830C52" box="[441,588,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">S. bavaricum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sub nom.
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0FB8F8E3FD1C0C5D" box="[702,723,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">S.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0FE5F8E2FD320C52" box="[739,765,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">N.</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
sp. 1). Like
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7669B5D0E97F8E2FBD70C52" box="[913,1048,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latimucro">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0E97F8E2FBD70C52" box="[913,1048,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">P. latimucro</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7669B5D094BF8E3FB2F0C52" box="[1101,1248,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bavaricum">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D094BF8E3FB2F0C52" box="[1101,1248,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">S. bavaricum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the new species probably is univoltine, with larvae hatching chiefly in August. Although the feeding habits of the females are unknown, the fully toothed mouthparts and basal, thumblike lobe on each tarsal claw suggest ornithophily. With the discovery of
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7669B5D0C54F88FFE0E0CE9" box="[338,449,1916,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arminii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0C54F88FFE0E0CE9" box="[338,449,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">S. arminii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D0CCEF888FDC90CEE" bold="true" box="[456,518,1915,1940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E155CB7669B5D0CCEF888FDC90CEE" box="[456,518,1915,1940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 56 species of
<taxonomicName id="4C690FB6B7669B5D0FA8F888FCE80CEE" box="[686,807,1915,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
are now known from
<collectingCountry id="F37E34A5B7669B5D0919F88FFB480CEE" box="[1055,1159,1916,1940]" name="Germany" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF809C4B7669B5D0990F888FA9D0CEE" author="Seitz" box="[1174,1362,1915,1940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="401" refString="Seitz, G., Adler, P. H. &amp; Forster, M. (2015) A new species, Simulium (Nevermannia) berchtesgadense (Diptera: Simuliidae), and its chromosomes, from the Alps of southeastern Germany. Zootaxa, 3937 (2), 248 - 262. http. // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3937.2.2" type="journal article" year="2015">
Seitz
<emphasis id="B91DA827B7669B5D09D1F88FFAC80CEE" box="[1239,1287,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="401">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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