177 lines
16 KiB
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177 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.201.2623" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ac4017e5-0e3a-4282-95cb-7ab5fa7dd6a6" ID-PMC="PMC3385847" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-201-27" ID-PubMed="22768002" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-201-27" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 201" ModsDocTitle="A review of the alderfly genus Leptosialis Esben-Petersen (Megaloptera, Sialidae) with description of a new species from South Africa" checkinTime="1451248955851" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Price, Benjamin W., Liu, Xingyue, Moor, Ferdy C. de & Villet, Martin H." docDate="2012" docId="AB31BAEE8BC378E450F5C7BC51C1B634" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 201: 27-41" docOrigin="ZooKeys 201" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.201.2623" docTitle="Leptosialis africana Esben-Petersen" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="DD11FFCFFF90847AFFF77572FFC9E40C" masterDocTitle="A review of the alderfly genus Leptosialis Esben-Petersen (Megaloptera, Sialidae) with description of a new species from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1668153998571" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of the alderfly genus Leptosialis Esben-Petersen (Megaloptera, Sialidae) with description of a new species from South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Price, Benjamin W.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Xingyue</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Moor, Ferdy C. de</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Villet, Martin H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>201</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>27</mods:start>
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<mods:end>41</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.201.2623</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.201.2623</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-201-27</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152036026" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AB31BAEE8BC378E450F5C7BC51C1B634" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB31BAEE8BC378E450F5C7BC51C1B634" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Leptosialis_africana" authority="Esben-Petersen" class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis africana" order="Megaloptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Leptosialis africana Esben-Petersen</taxonomicName>
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Figures 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–25–610–">-25-610-</normalizedToken>
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1522
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis africana" order="Megaloptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Leptosialis africana</taxonomicName>
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Esben-Petersen, 1920: 502. Type locality: South Africa (Great Winterhoek Mountains).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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Holotype, male [see remarks below] (pinned; Fig. 1), South Africa: Western Cape: "G[rea]t. Winterhoek Mts., Tulbagh [
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-33.133335">33°8'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="19.166666">19°10'E</geoCoordinate>
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], XI.1916, K.H. Barnard / SAM-MEG-A000041 / Holotype" (SAMC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="other material">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Other material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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1 male (pinned, Fig. 2), South Africa: Western Cape: "G[rea]t. Winterhoek Mts., Tulbagh, [
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-33.133335">33°8'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="19.166666">19°10'E</geoCoordinate>
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], XI.1932, K.H. Barnard / SAM-MEG-A000042" (SAMC); 1 female (pinned), South Africa: Western Cape: "Hottentots Holland Mts., Steenbras [
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-34.1">34°6'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="18.966667">18°58'E</geoCoordinate>
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], XI.1932, K.H. Barnard, SAM-MEG-A000043" (SAMC); 1 male (pinned), South Africa: Western Cape: "Caledon Distr., R. Zonder End, Oudebosch [
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-34.15">34°9'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="19.9">19°54'E</geoCoordinate>
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], XII.1919, K.H. Barnard / 1930-131" (NHM); 2 larvae (in alcohol), South Africa: Western Cape:
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="30" start="start">"</pageBreakToken>
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Bettys Bay, Small Vlei [
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-34.35">34°21'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="18.933332">18°56'E</geoCoordinate>
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], 18.I.1957, [A.D. Harrison and J.D. Agnew] / FRW 128C" (AMGS).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
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The adults of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis africana" order="Megaloptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Leptosialis africana</taxonomicName>
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may be easily distinguished from adults of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis necopinata" order="Megaloptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="necopinata">Leptosialis necopinata</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by the shape and venation of the forewing, where the wings of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis africana" order="Megaloptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Leptosialis africana</taxonomicName>
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are narrowly rounded compared to being broadly rounded to truncated in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis necopinata" order="Megaloptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="necopinata">Leptosialis necopinata</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. In addition, the wings of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis africana" order="Megaloptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Leptosialis africana</taxonomicName>
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show MA and both branches of MP all simple,while
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis necopinata" order="Megaloptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="necopinata">Leptosialis necopinata</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. has MA and one or both branches of MP all bearing additional forks. The larvae of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis africana" order="Megaloptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Leptosialis africana</taxonomicName>
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may be distinguished by the reddish brown head and thorax dorsally with distinct yellowish marks that are lacking in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis necopinata" order="Megaloptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="necopinata">Leptosialis necopinata</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Description.</paragraph>
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<subSection pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="adult male">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Adult male (Fig. 2).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Forewing length 8.1 mm, hindwing length 7.0 mm (n = 1). Head (Fig. 5): pale to dark brown, frons and clypeus black; vertex with a pair of raised black vittae medially and several small, raised, black protrusions laterally. Compound eyes blackish brown, strongly produced. Antennae dark brown, pilose, approximately half the length of the forewing. Mouthparts yellowish brown, diminutive. Thorax (Fig. 5): entirely blackish brown. Legs yellow, bearing dense yellowish setae; coxae blackish brown; femora pale brown; 1st-3rd tarsomeres distally pale brown; 4th and 5th tarsomeres brown; tarsal claws reddish brown. Wings narrowly rounded, brown, slightly darker proximally; veins brown. Forewing nearly 4.0 times as long as wide; five to eight distinct costal crossveins proximally; sc-r absent; Rs distally branched, MA unbranched, MP distally branched, and CuA bifurcated; three or four crossveins between R and Rs. Hindwing slightly broader than forewing, about 3.5 times as long as wide; two or three distinct costal crossveins proximally; venation similar to forewing, with three crossveins between R and Rs. Abdomen: blackish brown. Terminalia (Figs 10-13) with 9th tergum transversely arched, with a pair of digitiform processes posterolaterally that curve slightly ventromedially; anterior and posterior margins slightly concave arcuately in dorsal view; 9th sternum slightly longer than 9th tergum; posterior margin moderately produced; 9th gonocoxite in lateral view nearly elliptical; ectoproct paired, small, roundly inflated ventrad; 11th gonocoxite broadly triangular dorsoventrally, dorsal margin slightly sinuous in dorsal view, with a pair of short and acutely hook-like processes ventrally in caudal view.</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="adult female">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Adult female (Figs 1, 6).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Forewing length 11.1 mm, hindwing length 10.2 mm (n = 2). Larger than male, but similar in colouration and venation. Terminalia (Figs 14-15) with 7th sternum broad, posterior margin distinctly produced; 8th gonocoxite rather small, subtriangular; 9th gonocoxite broad; apex with small, stout gonostylus, ectoproct feebly sclerotized, small, suboval.</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="larva">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Larva (Fig. 22).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Head reddish brown; thorax reddish brown, distinctly marked with complicate patterns of yellowish marks; legs pale yellow, bearing dense setae, tarsal claws reddish brown. Abdomen blackish brown dorsally with pale yellow lateral abdominal gills.</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">South Africa: Western Cape (Fig. 24).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
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The type specimen was noted by Esben-Petersen in his description as male, but its abdomen and genitalia are now lost. This species of alderfly shows sexual
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="31" start="start">dimorphism</pageBreakToken>
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, with females being larger than males. Although it lacks an abdomen, the holotype is probably a female, based on comparison with confirmed male and female specimens, and contrary to the original description.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
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Figures 5-8. Head and prothorax of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis" order="Megaloptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptosialis</taxonomicName>
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. 5
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis africana" order="Megaloptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Leptosialis africana</taxonomicName>
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, head and pronotum of male adult, dorsal view 6 same of female adult, dorsal view 7
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis necopinata" order="Megaloptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="necopinata">Leptosialis necopinata</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., head and pronotum of larva, dorsal view 8 same, head of larva, ventral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
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Figure 9. Wing venation of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis necopinata" order="Megaloptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="necopinata">Leptosialis necopinata</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Scale bar = 5.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
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Figures 10-15.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis africana" order="Megaloptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Leptosialis africana</taxonomicName>
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Esben-Petersen. 10 male terminalia, dorsal view 11 male terminalia, ventral view 12 male terminalia, lateral view 13 male terminalia, caudal view 14 female terminalia, lateral view 15 female terminalia, ventral view. T7-9: seventh to ninth tergum; S7-9: seventh to ninth sternum; gx8, 9 11 eighth, ninth and eleventh gonocoxite; gs9: ninth gonostylus; e: ectoproct. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |