249 lines
32 KiB
XML
249 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2022.013" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167911" approvalRequired="23" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="3" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="19" approvalRequired_for_treatments="1" checkinTime="1665263345101" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Manchester, Steven R. & Collinson, Margaret E." docDate="2022" docId="03CD878597189C35FF596922FC0DF9E0" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.78.1.310-328.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 78 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.013" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.2:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Diplopanax cacaoides Manchester & Collinson 2022, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="312" masterDocId="FFF4FFFD971A9C37FFE96D35FFF3FFBA" masterDocTitle="Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision" masterLastPageNumber="328" masterPageNumber="310" pageNumber="312" updateTime="1665275189773" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title>Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Manchester, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Collinson, Margaret E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-08-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number>78</mods:number>
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<mods:start>310</mods:start>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.37520/fi.2022.013</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2533-4069</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7167911</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD878597189C35FF596922FC0DF9E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD878597189C35FF596922FC0DF9E0" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[176,674,1047,1104]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">
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<heading centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">
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<taxonomicName authority="(ZENKER)" authorityName="Manchester & Collinson" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Manchester & Collinson" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[176,527,1047,1072]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Diplopanax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacaoides">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[176,418,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Diplopanax cacaoides</emphasis>
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(ZENKER)
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</taxonomicName>
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<collectingRegion box="[533,674,1048,1072]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">MANCHESTER</collectingRegion>
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et M.E.COLLINSON
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[468,591,1080,1104]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="312" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[329,521,1113,1137]" box="[329,521,1113,1137]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">
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<figureCitation box="[329,521,1113,1137]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[147,228,1795,1816]" captionTargetBox="[152,1460,154,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[116,1484,123,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167913/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Text-fig. 1a–f, h–j</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[106,745,1160,1362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">
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1832
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<taxonomicName authority="ZENKER" authorityName="Z ENKER" authorityYear="1833" box="[181,445,1160,1182]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Baccites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacaoides">
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<emphasis box="[181,366,1160,1182]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Baccites cacaoides</emphasis>
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ZENKER
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</taxonomicName>
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, p. 10, pl. 1, figs (E) and 4–8, 11–16.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[106,745,1160,1362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">
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1933
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<taxonomicName authority="E. REID et M. CHANDLER" authorityName="E. REID et M. CHANDLER" box="[181,595,1220,1242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cantiensis">
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<emphasis box="[181,369,1221,1242]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Mastixia cantiensis</emphasis>
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E.REID et M.CHANDLER
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</taxonomicName>
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, p. 448, pl. 25, figs 1–3 only.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[106,745,1160,1362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">
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1978
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<taxonomicName authority="(ZENKER) MAI" authorityName="MAI" baseAuthorityName="ZENKER" box="[181,601,1280,1302]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixicarpum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacaoides">
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<emphasis box="[181,440,1280,1302]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Mastixicarpum cacaoides</emphasis>
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(ZENKER) MAI
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</taxonomicName>
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in Mai and Walther, p. 120, pl. 44, figs 13–22.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[106,745,1160,1362]" box="[106,685,1340,1362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">
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1993
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<taxonomicName authority="(ZENKER) MAI" authorityName="MAI" baseAuthorityName="ZENKER" box="[181,567,1340,1362]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixicarpum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacaoides">
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<emphasis box="[181,429,1340,1362]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Mastixicarpum cacaoides</emphasis>
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(ZENKER) MAI
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</taxonomicName>
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; Mai, p. 59.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[106,745,1386,1476]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">
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B a s i o n y m.
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<taxonomicName authority="Z ENKER" authorityName="Z ENKER" authorityYear="1833" box="[306,590,1386,1410]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Baccites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacaoides">
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<emphasis box="[306,508,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Baccites cacaoides</emphasis>
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Z ENKER
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</taxonomicName>
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(Zenker 1832: Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Urwelt, p. 10, pl. 1, figs (E) and 4–8, 11–16; Altenburg, Weisselster Basin,
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<collectingCountry box="[605,709,1452,1476]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Germany</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[106,744,1500,1557]" box="[144,744,1500,1524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">P l a n t F o s s i l R e g i s t r y N u m b e r. PFN002904</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[106,744,1500,1557]" box="[106,353,1533,1557]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">(for new combination).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[106,745,1580,1768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">
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N o m e n c l a t u r e. Rather than making a new combination which would preserve the epithet
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<taxonomicName box="[631,738,1614,1637]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cantiensis">
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<emphasis box="[631,738,1614,1637]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">cantiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, we are required to use an epithet that was established earlier by Zenker (1832) because the specimens from Weisselster Basin,
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<collectingCountry box="[184,283,1712,1736]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Germany</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Mai, D. H. & Walther, H." box="[300,552,1711,1736]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref13032" refString="Mai, D. H., Walther, H. (1978): Die Floren der Haselbacher Serie im Weisselster-Becken (Bezirk Leipzig, DDR). - Abhandlungen der Staatliches Museums fur Mineralogie and Geologie, 28: 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1978">Mai and Walther 1978</bibRefCitation>
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) and the London Clay are conspecific.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[106,745,1792,2078]" lastBlockId="2.[820,1460,627,1627]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">
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D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s. The
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<typeStatus box="[618,709,1792,1816]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName box="[106,315,1825,1848]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cantiensis">
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<emphasis box="[106,315,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Mastixia cantiensis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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||
<figureCitation box="[336,545,1825,1849]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[147,228,1795,1816]" captionTargetBox="[152,1460,154,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[116,1484,123,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167913/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Text-fig. 1a–d, h–j</figureCitation>
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) conforms to the extant genus
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<taxonomicName box="[246,370,1857,1881]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Diplopanax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[246,370,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Diplopanax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having clearly defined planes of weakness demarcating the germination valve (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[147,228,1795,1816]" captionTargetBox="[152,1460,154,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[116,1484,123,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167913/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Text-fig. 1h, i</figureCitation>
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), and by the dispersed rather than paired ovular bundles as illustrated and described earlier for the extant species (pp. 54– 57 and pl.
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<quantity box="[215,255,1988,2013]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
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<bibRefCitation author="Manchester, S. R. & Collinson, M. E." box="[261,598,1988,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" pagination="51 - 67" refId="ref13282" refString="Manchester, S. R., Collinson, M. E. (2019): Fruit morphology, anatomy and relationships of the type species of Mastixicarpum and Eomastixia (Cornales) from the late Eocene of Hordle, southern England. - Acta Palaeobotanica, 59: 51 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / acpa- 2019 - 0006" type="journal article" year="2019">
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<collectingRegion box="[261,383,1988,2012]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Manchester</collectingRegion>
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and Collinson 2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The fruits of this fossil species are unilocular, ovoid to cylindrical, rounded basally and rounded or truncate apically,
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<quantity box="[524,651,2054,2078]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="17.0">17 to 32 mm</quantity>
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||
long and
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||
<quantity box="[820,956,627,651]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="12.0">12 to 22 mm</quantity>
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||
wide. The locule is horseshoe-shaped in cross section. The germination valve is elongate. The endocarp wall is up to
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<quantity box="[905,962,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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||
thick, composed of radial fibres, with scattered vascular bundles and secretory canals (
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<figureCitation box="[1251,1401,724,748]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[147,228,1795,1816]" captionTargetBox="[152,1460,154,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[116,1484,123,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167913/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Text-fig. 1h–j</figureCitation>
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||
), but usually without larger cavities.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="2.[820,1460,627,1627]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">
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Synonyms of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Manchester & Collinson" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Manchester & Collinson" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1030,1282,789,813]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Diplopanax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacaoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1030,1282,789,813]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Diplopanax cacaoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
cited by
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<bibRefCitation author="Mai, D. H." pageId="2" pageNumber="312" pagination="53 - 63" refId="ref13003" refString="Mai, D. H. (1993): On the extinct Mastixiaceae (Cornales) in Europe. - Geophytology, 23: 53 - 63." type="journal article" year="1993">
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||
<date pageId="2" pageNumber="312" value="1993-05">Mai 1993</date>
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
include
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<taxonomicName authority="(ZENKER) KIRCHH." authorityName="KIRCHH." baseAuthorityName="ZENKER" box="[981,1459,822,846]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Platymastixia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cocaoides">
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||
<emphasis box="[981,1250,822,846]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Platymastixia cocaoides</emphasis>
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(ZENKER) KIRCHH.
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation author="Kirchheimer, F." box="[829,1107,854,878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" pagination="788 - 793" refId="ref12670" refString="Kirchheimer, F. (1934): Neue Ergebnisse und Probleme palaobotanischer Brunkohlensforschung. - Braunkohle, 33: 769 - 774, 788 - 793." type="journal article" year="1934">Kirchheimer 1934: 790</bibRefCitation>
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||
, fig. 21) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="KIRCHH." authorityName="KIRCHH." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixicarpum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="compactum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Mastixicarpum compactum</emphasis>
|
||
KIRCHH.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchheimer, F." box="[1093,1311,887,911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" pagination="289 - 294" refId="ref12698" refString="Kirchheimer, F. (1935): Weitere Mitteilungen uber Fruchte und Samen aus deutschen Braunkohlen II. - Braunkohle, 34: 289 - 294." type="journal article" year="1935">Kirchheimer 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from the Weisselster Basin,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1029,1128,920,944]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mai, D. H. & Walther, H." box="[1146,1400,919,944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref13032" refString="Mai, D. H., Walther, H. (1978): Die Floren der Haselbacher Serie im Weisselster-Becken (Bezirk Leipzig, DDR). - Abhandlungen der Staatliches Museums fur Mineralogie and Geologie, 28: 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1978">Mai and Walther 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). For comparison with the London Clay specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[147,228,1795,1816]" captionTargetBox="[152,1460,154,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[116,1484,123,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167913/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Text-fig. 1a–f, h–j</figureCitation>
|
||
), we illustrate a specimen from the Miocene of Wiesa,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[903,1002,1017,1041]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1019,1150,1017,1041]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[147,228,1795,1816]" captionTargetBox="[152,1460,154,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[116,1484,123,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167913/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">
|
||
Text-fig.
|
||
<quantity box="[1122,1150,1017,1041]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). With the exception of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[820,866,1050,1074]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="M. CHANDLER" authorityName="M. CHANDLER" box="[1002,1309,1050,1074]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixicarpum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1002,1163,1050,1073]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Mastixicarpum</emphasis>
|
||
M.CHANDLER
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Hordle, most other species formerly attributed to that genus are now considered to represent
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1076,1202,1115,1139]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Diplopanax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1076,1202,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Diplopanax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eyde, R. H. & Xiang, Q. - Y." box="[1217,1455,1115,1139]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" pagination="689 - 692" refId="ref12080" refString="Eyde, R. H., Xiang, Q. - Y. (J.). (1990): Fossil mastixioid (Cornaceae) alive in eastern Asia. - American Journal of Botany, 77: 689 - 692. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / j. 1537 - 2197.1990. tb 14455. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Eyde and Xiang 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Czaja, A." box="[820,944,1147,1171]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref12000" refString="Czaja, A. (2003): Palaokarpologische Untersuchungen von Taphozonosen des Unter- und Mittelmiozans aus dem Braunkohlentagebau Berzdorf / Oberlausitz (Sachsen). - Palaeontographica, Abt. B, 256: 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="2003">Czaja 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Manchester, S. R. & Collinson, M. E." box="[955,1302,1147,1171]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" pagination="51 - 67" refId="ref13282" refString="Manchester, S. R., Collinson, M. E. (2019): Fruit morphology, anatomy and relationships of the type species of Mastixicarpum and Eomastixia (Cornales) from the late Eocene of Hordle, southern England. - Acta Palaeobotanica, 59: 51 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / acpa- 2019 - 0006" type="journal article" year="2019">Manchester and Collinson 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Czaja, A." box="[1320,1459,1147,1171]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref12000" refString="Czaja, A. (2003): Palaokarpologische Untersuchungen von Taphozonosen des Unter- und Mittelmiozans aus dem Braunkohlentagebau Berzdorf / Oberlausitz (Sachsen). - Palaeontographica, Abt. B, 256: 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="2003">Czaja (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized a common Miocene species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(UNGER) CZAJA" authorityName="CZAJA" baseAuthorityName="UNGER" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Diplopanax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limnophilus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1292,1311,1181,1204]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1333,1459,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">limnophilus</emphasis>
|
||
(UNGER) CZAJA
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sevcik, J. & Kvacek, Z. & Mai, D. H." box="[1126,1352,1212,1239]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" pagination="429 - 436" refId="ref13945" refString="Sevcik, J., Kvacek, Z., Mai, D. H. (2007): A new mastixioid florula from tektite-bearing deposits in South Bohemia, Czeck Republic (middle Miocene, Vrabce Member). - Bulletin of Geosciences, 82 (4): 429 - 436. https: // doi. org / 10.3140 / bull. geosci. 2007.04.429" type="journal article" year="2007">Ševčík et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Similar
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[820,946,1245,1269]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Diplopanax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[820,946,1245,1269]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Diplopanax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fruits were also present in the Eocene of western North America (e.g., late Eocene
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1220,1392,1277,1301]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Diplopanax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1220,1346,1277,1301]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Diplopanax</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from late Eocene Quimper Sandstone, Oak Bay, Jefferson Co., Washington; fig.
|
||
<quantity box="[1004,1059,1343,1367]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.382" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" unit="in" value="33.0">33 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Manchester, S. & Chen, Z. - D. & Lu, A. - M. & Uemura, K." box="[1066,1315,1343,1367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref13206" refString="Manchester, S. R, Chen, Z. - D., Lu, A. - M., Uemura, K. (2009): Eastern Asian endemic seed plant genera and their paleogeographic history throughout the Northern Hemisphere. - Journal of Systematic Evolution, 47 (1): 1 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1759 - 6831.2009.00001. x" type="journal article" year="2009">Manchester et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="STOCKEY, LEPAGE et PIGG" authorityName="STOCKEY, LEPAGE et PIGG" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Diplopanax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eydei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Diplopanax eydei</emphasis>
|
||
STOCKEY, LEPAGE et PIGG
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from the middle Eocene of Princeton,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1065,1257,1408,1432]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1272,1352,1408,1432]" name="Canada" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stockey, R. A. & LePage, B. A. & Pigg, K. B." pageId="2" pageNumber="312" pagination="223 - 234" refId="ref14014" refString="Stockey, R. A., LePage, B. A., Pigg, K. B. (1998): Permineralized fruits of Diplopanax (Cornaceae, Mastixioideae) from the middle Eocene Princeton chert of British Columbia. - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 103: 223 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0034 - 6667 (98) 00038 - 4" type="journal article" year="1998">Stockey et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), conforms in general morphology, but has smaller fruits and preserves a thick epicarp of isodiametric cells not observed in other modern and fossil species of the genus. In our current understanding, the London Clay occurrence is significant as the oldest representative of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[889,1015,1603,1627]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Diplopanax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[889,1015,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="312">Diplopanax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |