240 lines
30 KiB
XML
240 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="458D566B20C0E07EB0BD0E92FC6073FD" ID-CLB-Dataset="22824" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4764.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="55f6b110-0a37-45fe-be1c-34e9a035fe0e" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764923" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:53C5289A-156C-4AF1-B84A-73099A332C05" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1587733789776" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Van Ofwegen, Leen P." docDate="2020" docId="03BCB7172364FF96FF35837BFDA3FE46" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4764.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4764 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Litophyton Forskal 1775" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="FF85CF6F2321FFD0FFA2856EFFC1FFB1" masterDocTitle="The genus Litophyton Forskål, 1775 (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Nephtheidae) from Australia" masterLastPageNumber="131" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="70" updateTime="1698837010817" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="A182706CD7FFFB22F99A559EF2478F63" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BAF9DE3EE33EE60D593F9297C6046EC4">
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<mods:title id="E7B2BFDCDF4EF5B485C790B07240EB41">The genus Litophyton Forskål, 1775 (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Nephtheidae) from Australia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="5F75DF1EC51A259F56713B4063C9D0CA" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="05782BDA76668AB2EBFBF75551FE0D7E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F96F7C604D4E93548021BDE6D8DFFBA9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="822EBEAE1584FC97D47459A1CCAD88FC">Van Ofwegen, Leen P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="54B7AD341EA8687A5708F64C4311875A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="CD4DB56364B553A42D60841E7CE23D59">
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<mods:title id="6C52A64365E17733B655546337B38802">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="4F3638F0FD59DFFB1F0C2C33C74E4DAE">
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<mods:date id="235E0F82C2578AE5F040E22F2106CC03">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="30A3BD8076DC89F0B55F3FC79B3223A2" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="1027499CBA9C0315B84047114F611FDE">2020-04-16</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="23689283E768A24C437492C4F7790B14" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="399DD3EC43AD3F2A60F18C8752F8B415">4764</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="BACF5925E2FD60B04819CA05C0F01773" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="813802B7DFCF3C305340BD79027EF5A8">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="0DAB6DA31F99704705143D6148F2175F">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="E51A6E87414732C1A55F53474F04CFE1">131</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="FA61246CA5DD9FFB2E0B86053193CF42">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5AB4505FB50DC98D597F0879151BD263" type="CLB-Dataset">22824</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="28D4C2E5539CEE74E750F4A527119932" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4764.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A44AC83A670E0D4976127CFC56EBD026" type="GBIF-Dataset">55f6b110-0a37-45fe-be1c-34e9a035fe0e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="50B3BD3680DCA998A37C8FB89AF30FA0" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8907F4AF51924D8062727F27BDF8AA80" type="Zenodo-Dep">3764923</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ABE27D61678093042B93EE288A252B72" type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:53C5289A-156C-4AF1-B84A-73099A332C05</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03BCB7172364FF96FF35837BFDA3FE46" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3803596" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163737682" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3803596" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BCB7172364FF96FF35837BFDA3FE46" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BCB7172364FF96FF35837BFDA3FE46" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<subSubSection id="C30F558A2364FF95FF35837BFCE0F99E" box="[151,801,1557,1584]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAA06012364FF95FF35837BFCE0F99E" blockId="69.[151,801,1557,1620]" box="[151,801,1557,1584]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<heading id="D0E2B16D2364FF95FF35837BFCE0F99E" bold="true" box="[151,801,1557,1584]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B961DA132364FF95FF35837BFCE0F99E" bold="true" box="[151,801,1557,1584]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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Key to the species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C157D822364FF95FE3F837BFDE0F981" ID-CoL="84R64" authorityName="Forskal" authorityYear="1775" box="[413,545,1557,1584]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961DA132364FF95FE3F837BFDE0F981" bold="true" box="[413,545,1557,1584]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Litophyton</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group IV (3 species)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30F558A2364FF95FF358357FE3CF9E5" box="[151,509,1593,1620]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAA06012364FF95FF358357FE3CF9E5" blockId="69.[151,801,1557,1620]" box="[151,509,1593,1620]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">(polyp stalk without small rods)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30F558A2364FF95FF358310FA5DF8D1" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="key">
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<keyStep id="30E11EA42364FF95FF358310FA5DF901" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<paragraph id="8BAA06012364FF95FF358310FA5DF922" blockId="69.[151,1436,1661,1713]" box="[151,1436,1661,1683]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<keyLead id="30E4A5342364FF95FF358310FA5DF922" box="[151,1436,1661,1683]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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1. Polyps with strongly developed sclerites................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C157D822364FF95FA988310FA5DF922" ID-CoL="866MW" authorityName="Van" authorityYear="2020" box="[1338,1436,1662,1683]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
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<emphasis id="B961DA132364FF95FA988310FA86F922" box="[1338,1351,1662,1683]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">L</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B961DA132364FF95FAF18310FA5DF922" box="[1363,1436,1662,1683]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">grandis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAA06012364FF95FF3583F5FA5DF901" blockId="69.[151,1436,1661,1713]" box="[151,1436,1691,1713]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<keyLead id="30E4A5342364FF95FF3583F5FA5DF901" box="[151,1436,1691,1713]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">-. Polyps with less strongly developed sclerites.................................................................... 2</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30E11EA42364FF95FF3583B8FA5DF8B9" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<paragraph id="8BAA06012364FF95FF3583B8FA5DF95A" blockId="69.[151,1436,1749,1801]" box="[151,1436,1749,1771]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<keyLead id="30E4A5342364FF95FF3583B8FA5DF95A" box="[151,1436,1749,1771]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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2. Big wide interior spindles (>
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<quantity id="4CEDABE42364FF95FE6B83B8FDC1F95A" box="[457,512,1750,1771]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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long) with very regular tubercles........................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C157D822364FF95FA8583B8FA5DF95A" ID-CoL="866MK" authorityName="Van" authorityYear="2020" box="[1319,1436,1750,1771]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carnatum">
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<emphasis id="B961DA132364FF95FA8583B8FAF5F95A" box="[1319,1332,1750,1771]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">L</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B961DA132364FF95FAE283B8FA5DF95A" box="[1344,1436,1750,1771]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">carnatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAA06012364FF95FF35839DFA5DF8B9" blockId="69.[151,1436,1749,1801]" box="[151,1436,1779,1801]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<keyLead id="30E4A5342364FF95FF35839DFA5DF8B9" box="[151,1436,1779,1801]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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-. Small slender interior spindles (<
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<quantity id="4CEDABE42364FF95FE53839DFDE9F8B9" box="[497,552,1779,1800]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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long); opaque polyp sclerites................................................ 3
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30E11EA42364FF95FF358240FA5DF8D1" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<paragraph id="8BAA06012364FF95FF358240FA5DF8F2" blockId="69.[151,1436,1837,1889]" box="[151,1436,1837,1859]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<keyLead id="30E4A5342364FF95FF358240FA5DF8F2" box="[151,1436,1837,1859]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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3. Spindles with blunt ends present in interior of the base of the stalk..........................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C157D822364FF95FA868240FA5DF8F2" ID-CoL="866N3" authorityName="Van" authorityYear="2020" box="[1316,1436,1838,1859]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="oxleyensis">
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<emphasis id="B961DA132364FF95FA868240FA5DF8F2" box="[1316,1436,1838,1859]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">L. oxleyensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAA06012364FF95FF358225FA5DF8D1" blockId="69.[151,1436,1837,1889]" box="[151,1436,1867,1889]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<keyLead id="30E4A5342364FF95FF358225FA5DF8D1" box="[151,1436,1867,1889]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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-. No spindles with blunt ends......................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C157D822364FF95FAA78222FA5DF8D1" ID-CoL="866N4" authorityName="Van" authorityYear="2020" box="[1285,1436,1867,1889]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pandoraensis">
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<emphasis id="B961DA132364FF95FAA78222FAD3F8D0" box="[1285,1298,1868,1889]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">L</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B961DA132364FF95FABC8225FA5DF8D1" box="[1310,1436,1867,1888]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">pandoraensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30F558A2364FF96FF3582FEFDA3FE46" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BAA06012364FF95FF3582FEFADDF818" blockId="69.[151,1437,1935,2034]" box="[151,1308,1935,1962]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B961DA132364FF95FF3582FEFEC5F81B" bold="true" box="[151,260,1936,1962]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Remarks</emphasis>
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. As the polyps of
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<taxonomicName id="4C157D822364FF95FE7282FEFD9DF81B" authorityName="Van" authorityYear="2020" box="[464,604,1936,1962]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="oxleyensis">
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<emphasis id="B961DA132364FF95FE7282FEFD9DF81B" box="[464,604,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">L. oxleyensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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mostly have scales it also fits group III, where it was described.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAA06012364FF96FF6582DAFD91FF66" blockId="69.[151,1437,1935,2034]" lastBlockId="70.[151,1437,153,503]" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<taxonomicName id="4C157D822364FF95FF6582DAFDF0F87F" authority="(Verseveldt, 1966)" baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[199,561,1971,1998]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="compactum">
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<emphasis id="B961DA132364FF95FF6582DAFEA0F87C" box="[199,353,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">L. compactum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF847BF02364FF95FECC82DDFDE8F87F" author="Verseveldt" box="[366,553,1971,1998]" firstAuthor="Verseveldt" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref42688" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1966) Octocorallia from the Malay Archipelago (Part II). Biological Results of the Snellius Expedition XXII. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 80,1 - 107." type="book" year="1966">Verseveldt, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, described from
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<collectingCountry id="F30246912364FF95FD4182DDFC91F87C" box="[739,848,1971,1997]" name="Indonesia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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, falls in this group (
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<figureCitation id="132E1A842364FF95FB8082DDFBBDF87C" box="[1058,1148,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1910,1935]" captionTargetBox="[187,1390,185,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[178,1409,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 42. Lateral views polyp armature of Litophyton species: a, L. brewerensis n. sp., holotype NTM C4050; b, L. legiopolypum (Verseveldt & Alderslade, 1982) holotype AMG 14806; c, L. oxleyensis n. sp., holotype NTM C4669; d, L. simplex n. sp., holotype NTM C3949; e, L. snakeensis n. sp., holotype NTM C10439; f, L. squamatum n. sp., holotype NTM C 4136; g-h, L. compactum (Verseveldt, 1966) holotype RMNH 2236 (after Verseveldt; magnification was not indicated by him)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3765013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3765013/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Figs. 42</figureCitation>
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g-h, 56b, 57). It has similar tuberculated interior stalk sclerites as
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<taxonomicName id="4C157D822364FF95FD9082B6FD79F840" authorityName="Van" authorityYear="2020" box="[562,696,2008,2034]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carnatum">
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<emphasis id="B961DA132364FF95FD9082B6FD80F840" box="[562,577,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">L</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B961DA132364FF95FDED82B6FD79F840" box="[591,696,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">carnatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but they are only about
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<quantity id="4CEDABE42364FF95FC6382B6FBC1F843" box="[961,1024,2008,2034]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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long in
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<taxonomicName id="4C157D822364FF95FBF882B6FB34F840" baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[1114,1269,2008,2034]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="compactum">
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<emphasis id="B961DA132364FF95FBF882B6FBA8F840" box="[1114,1129,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">L</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B961DA132364FF95FBD582B6FB34F840" box="[1143,1269,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">compactum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C157D822367FF96FF3585F4FE89FF02" authorityName="Van" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,328,153,179]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pandoraensis">
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<emphasis id="B961DA132367FF96FF3585F4FF67FF02" box="[151,166,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">L</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B961DA132367FF96FF1785F7FE89FF02" box="[181,328,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">pandoraensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by having the tuberculation of the interior stalk sclerites much finer, and from
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<taxonomicName id="4C157D822367FF96FB0C85F4FAE3FF02" authorityName="Van" authorityYear="2020" box="[1198,1314,153,179]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
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<emphasis id="B961DA132367FF96FB0C85F4FB7CFF02" box="[1198,1213,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">L</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B961DA132367FF96FB6E85F7FAE3FF02" box="[1228,1314,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">grandis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B961DA132367FF96FA8385F7FAE4FF02" box="[1313,1317,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">,</emphasis>
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which has much stronger developed point sclerites.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAA06012367FF96FF65858CFD80FED6" blockId="70.[151,1437,153,503]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName id="4C157D822367FF96FF65858CFDECFF4A" authority="(Kukenthal, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Kukenthal" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[199,557,224,251]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongatum">
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<emphasis id="B961DA132367FF96FF65858CFE9BFF4A" box="[199,346,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">L. elongatum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF847BF02367FF96FECA858FFDE4FF4A" author="Kukenthal" box="[360,549,224,251]" firstAuthor="Kukenthal" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="426 - 436" refId="ref42159" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1895) Alcyonaceen von Ternate. Fam. Nephthyidae Verrill. Zoologische Anzeiger, 488, 426 - 436." type="journal article" year="1895">Kükenthal, 1895</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F30246912367FF96FD99858FFD52FF4A" box="[571,659,225,251]" name="Indonesia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Ternate</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F30246912367FF96FD3F858FFCCDFF4D" box="[669,780,225,252]" name="Indonesia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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) resembles
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<taxonomicName id="4C157D822367FF96FC32858CFBEFFF4A" baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[912,1070,225,251]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="compactum">
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<emphasis id="B961DA132367FF96FC32858CFC61FF4A" box="[912,928,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">L</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B961DA132367FF96FC0F858CFBEFFF4A" box="[941,1070,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">compactum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but because of a large amount of detritus attached to the colony the polyp sclerite arrangement could not be drawn. However, the colony and sclerites are presented (
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<figureCitation id="132E1A842367FF96FE9B8447FE59FEF2" box="[313,408,296,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 56. Litophyton type specimens: a, L. nigrescens (Roxas, 1933), holotype SMF 61; b, L. compactum (Verseveldt, 1966), holotype RMNH 2236; c, L. elongatum (Kükenthal, 1895), holotype SMF 62; d, L. pyramidalis (Kükenthal, 1895), holotype SMF 63; e, L. carnatum n. sp., holotype NTM C4100. Scales 1 cm, a, e natural size." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3765041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3765041/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 56c</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132E1A842367FF96FE008446FE03FEF2" box="[418,450,296,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[207,1377,192,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[201,1386,181,1855]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 58. Litophyton elongatum (Kükenthal, 1895), holotype SMF 62; a, abaxial point spindles; b, lateral point spindle; c, tentacle sclerites; d, polyp rods; e, supporting bundle spindle, partly; f, sclerites of surface layer top of stalk; g, spindles interior top of stalk; h, sclerites of surface layer base of stalk; i-j, spindles of interior base of stalk. Scale at c also applies to b, d; scale at h also applies to a, e, f, g, j." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3765045" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3765045/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">58</figureCitation>
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). The most obvious difference is the presence of long rods (
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<figureCitation id="132E1A842367FF96FBF78447FB77FEF2" box="[1109,1206,296,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[207,1377,192,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[201,1386,181,1855]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 58. Litophyton elongatum (Kükenthal, 1895), holotype SMF 62; a, abaxial point spindles; b, lateral point spindle; c, tentacle sclerites; d, polyp rods; e, supporting bundle spindle, partly; f, sclerites of surface layer top of stalk; g, spindles interior top of stalk; h, sclerites of surface layer base of stalk; i-j, spindles of interior base of stalk. Scale at c also applies to b, d; scale at h also applies to a, e, f, g, j." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3765045" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3765045/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 58d</figureCitation>
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), which are not from the polyp stalk but are polyp spindles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAA06012367FF96FF65841CFDA3FE46" blockId="70.[151,1437,153,503]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName id="4C157D822367FF96FF65841CFDF3FE3A" authority="(Kukenthal, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Kukenthal" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[199,562,368,395]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pyramidalis">
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<emphasis id="B961DA132367FF96FF65841CFEA4FE3A" box="[199,357,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">L. pyramidalis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF847BF02367FF96FED0841FFDEBFE3A" author="Kukenthal" box="[370,554,368,395]" firstAuthor="Kukenthal" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="426 - 436" refId="ref42159" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1895) Alcyonaceen von Ternate. Fam. Nephthyidae Verrill. Zoologische Anzeiger, 488, 426 - 436." type="journal article" year="1895">Kükenthal, 1895</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F30246912367FF96FD9D841FFD54FE3A" box="[575,661,369,395]" name="Indonesia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Ternate</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F30246912367FF96FD3D841FFCCAFE3D" box="[671,779,369,396]" name="Indonesia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="132E1A842367FF96FCBD841FFC46FE3A" box="[799,903,368,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 56. Litophyton type specimens: a, L. nigrescens (Roxas, 1933), holotype SMF 61; b, L. compactum (Verseveldt, 1966), holotype RMNH 2236; c, L. elongatum (Kükenthal, 1895), holotype SMF 62; d, L. pyramidalis (Kükenthal, 1895), holotype SMF 63; e, L. carnatum n. sp., holotype NTM C4100. Scales 1 cm, a, e natural size." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3765041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3765041/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Figs. 56d</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132E1A842367FF96FC33841EFC6CFE3A" box="[913,941,368,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="77.[151,248,1910,1935]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,185,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 59. Litophyton pyramidalis (Kükenthal, 1895), holotype SMF 63; a, lateral view polyp armature; b, abaxial point spindles; c, lateral point spindles; d, tentacle sclerites; e, the transversely arranged adaxial sclerites in 59a; f, supporting bundle spindle, partly; g, sclerites of surface layer top of stalk; h, spindles interior top of stalk; i, sclerites of surface layer base of stalk; j-k, spindles of interior base of stalk. Scale at c also applies to d, e; scale at i also applies to b, f, g, h, k." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3765047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3765047/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">59</figureCitation>
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) shows sclerites similar to those of
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<taxonomicName id="4C157D822367FF96FA8F841CFF01FE1E" baseAuthorityName="Kukenthal" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongatum">
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<emphasis id="B961DA132367FF96FA8F841CFAFDFE3A" box="[1325,1340,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">L</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B961DA132367FF96FAEB841FFF01FE1E" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">elongatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and therefore I here synonymize it with
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<taxonomicName id="4C157D822367FF96FDDB84F8FC1EFE1E" authority="(Kukenthal, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Kukenthal" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[633,991,404,431]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongatum">
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<emphasis id="B961DA132367FF96FDDB84F8FD49FE1E" box="[633,648,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">L</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B961DA132367FF96FD3784FBFCC9FE1E" box="[661,776,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">elongatum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF847BF02367FF96FCB484FBFC16FE1E" author="Kukenthal" box="[790,983,404,431]" firstAuthor="Kukenthal" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="426 - 436" refId="ref42159" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1895) Alcyonaceen von Ternate. Fam. Nephthyidae Verrill. Zoologische Anzeiger, 488, 426 - 436." type="journal article" year="1895">Kükenthal, 1895</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Especially the smooth spindles from the interior of the top of the stalk are strikingly similar in both species (
|
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<figureCitation id="132E1A842367FF96FCDA84D7FC21FE62" box="[888,992,440,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[207,1377,192,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[201,1386,181,1855]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 58. Litophyton elongatum (Kükenthal, 1895), holotype SMF 62; a, abaxial point spindles; b, lateral point spindle; c, tentacle sclerites; d, polyp rods; e, supporting bundle spindle, partly; f, sclerites of surface layer top of stalk; g, spindles interior top of stalk; h, sclerites of surface layer base of stalk; i-j, spindles of interior base of stalk. Scale at c also applies to b, d; scale at h also applies to a, e, f, g, j." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3765045" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3765045/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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Figs.
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<quantity id="4CEDABE42367FF96FC1784D6FC21FE62" box="[949,992,440,467]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.8" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="g" value="58.0">58g</quantity>
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132E1A842367FF96FC4E84D6FBD9FE62" box="[1004,1048,440,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="77.[151,248,1910,1935]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,185,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 59. Litophyton pyramidalis (Kükenthal, 1895), holotype SMF 63; a, lateral view polyp armature; b, abaxial point spindles; c, lateral point spindles; d, tentacle sclerites; e, the transversely arranged adaxial sclerites in 59a; f, supporting bundle spindle, partly; g, sclerites of surface layer top of stalk; h, spindles interior top of stalk; i, sclerites of surface layer base of stalk; j-k, spindles of interior base of stalk. Scale at c also applies to d, e; scale at i also applies to b, f, g, h, k." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3765047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3765047/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">59h</figureCitation>
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). The polyp sclerite arrangement of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C157D822367FF96FF3584B0FEFBFE46" baseAuthorityName="Kukenthal" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[151,314,477,503]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pyramidalis">
|
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<emphasis id="B961DA132367FF96FF3584B0FF66FE46" box="[151,167,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">L</emphasis>
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.
|
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<emphasis id="B961DA132367FF96FF1684B3FEFBFE46" box="[180,314,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">pyramidalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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could be drawn (
|
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<figureCitation id="132E1A842367FF96FE5584B3FD94FE46" box="[503,597,476,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="77.[151,248,1910,1935]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,185,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 59. Litophyton pyramidalis (Kükenthal, 1895), holotype SMF 63; a, lateral view polyp armature; b, abaxial point spindles; c, lateral point spindles; d, tentacle sclerites; e, the transversely arranged adaxial sclerites in 59a; f, supporting bundle spindle, partly; g, sclerites of surface layer top of stalk; h, spindles interior top of stalk; i, sclerites of surface layer base of stalk; j-k, spindles of interior base of stalk. Scale at c also applies to d, e; scale at i also applies to b, f, g, h, k." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3765047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3765047/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 59a</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |