207 lines
32 KiB
XML
207 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="B6C9543B07CE53E6BFF73A7E9C7C99D9" ID-CLB-Dataset="6097" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4980.1.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="22b8b0fa-b796-4443-a3f4-f7da37511d0e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4883092" ID-ZooBank="56FFFDED-5690-4F95-8295-18B2F00DFF5E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1622463242848" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ament, Danilo César" docDate="2021" docId="0391BD75FFEF0529FF04F98E45F23528" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4980.1.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4980 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hypocerides Schmitz 1915" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="115" masterDocId="FFA8C50DFFEE052BFF93FF9F412E311D" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and the unusual morphological similarity among Hypocerides Schmitz species (Diptera: Phoridae)" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="114" updateTime="1698995091438" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="7FF2C97C42A73D632E852F0F4EF7C0E9">Taxonomy and the unusual morphological similarity among Hypocerides Schmitz species (Diptera: Phoridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8F31A4484545B317DD70C49618AC4D4D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0CEA57F931CE6F7D30B392F515C4DFD0">Ament, Danilo César</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A9AEE26F882F9BF65DCF235B6D529C9C">Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Nazaré, 481, Ipiranga, 04263 - 000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & Laboratório de Biologia Comparada e Abelhas, Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo. CEP 14040 - 901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. danament @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6561 - 7277</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9BFAE7BD9C9894470E4E413622C61920" type="email">danament@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="0A9983FB02D25A267906C09E1F3B0A33">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B0E76615FBA86E44E0C9E35A8FBEF6B3">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0391BD75FFEF0529FF04F98E45F23528" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4945806" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182741878" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4945806" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0391BD75FFEF0529FF04F98E45F23528" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391BD75FFEF0529FF04F98E45F23528" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
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<subSubSection id="C3225FE8FFEF052AFF04F98E40B73736" box="[151,409,1553,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B870C63FFEF052AFF04F98E40B73736" blockId="1.[151,409,1553,1580]" box="[151,409,1553,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
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<heading id="D0CFBB0FFFEF052AFF04F98E40B73736" bold="true" box="[151,409,1553,1580]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3877E0FFEF052AFF04F98E40B73736" ID-CoL="52MW" authority="Schmitz" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,409,1553,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Hypocerides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94CD071FFEF052AFF04F98E40B73736" bold="true" box="[151,409,1553,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
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<emphasis id="B94CD071FFEF052AFF04F98E40033731" bold="true" box="[151,301,1553,1580]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Hypocerides</emphasis>
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Schmitz
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3225FE8FFEF052AFF04F9C9421F3773" box="[151,817,1622,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B870C63FFEF052AFF04F9C9421F3773" blockId="1.[151,1437,1622,1738]" box="[151,817,1622,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
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Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3877E0FFEF052AFEBBF9C943013770" authority="Brues" authorityName="Brues" box="[296,559,1622,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Hypocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difformis">
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<emphasis id="B94CD071FFEF052AFEBBF9C940C13773" box="[296,495,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Hypocera difformis</emphasis>
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Brues
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</taxonomicName>
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(by original designation)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3225FE8FFEF052AFF04F9EB426E37D7" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B870C63FFEF052AFF04F9EB426E37D7" blockId="1.[151,1437,1622,1738]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A992A72FFEF052AFF04F9EB40DC3791" author="Schmitz, H." box="[151,498,1652,1676]" page="496" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" year="1915">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3877E0FFEF052AFF04F9EB40DC3791" ID-CoL="52MW" authority="Schmitz 1915 a: 496" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityPageNumber="496" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,498,1652,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Hypocerides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94CD071FFEF052AFF04F9EB40393791" box="[151,279,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Hypocerides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA97192FFEF052AFEB3F9EB40DC3791" author="Schmitz, H." box="[288,498,1652,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" refId="ref6070" refString="Schmitz, H. (1915 a) Neue Gattungen und Arten termitophiler Phoriden und Termitoxeniiden (Neue Beitraege etc." type="book" year="1915">Schmitz 1915a: 496</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Refs.:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A992A72FFEF052AFDD1F9EB423A3791" author="Schmitz, H." box="[578,788,1652,1676]" page="329" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" year="1915">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA97192FFEF052AFDD1F9EB423A3791" author="Schmitz, H." box="[578,788,1652,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" pagination="465 - 507" refId="ref6108" refString="Schmitz, H. (1915 b) Neue Beitraege zur Kenntnis der myrmecophilen und termitophilen Phoriden. (No. 2 - 15). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1915, 465 - 507, pls. VII - IX. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 48019150502" type="journal article" year="1915">Schmitz 1915b: 329</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<treatmentCitation id="0A992A72FFEF052AFCB2F9EB42503791" author="Schmitz, H." box="[801,894,1652,1676]" page="65" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" year="1927">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA97192FFEF052AFCB2F9EB42503791" author="Schmitz, H." box="[801,894,1652,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" pagination="59 - 65" refId="ref6162" refString="Schmitz, H. (1927) Revision der Phoridengattungen, mit Beschreibung neuer Gattungen und Arten. Natuurhistorisch Maandblad, 16, 30 - 40 + 45 - 50, 59 - 65 + 72 - 79 + 92 - 100 + 110 - 116 + 128 - 132 + 142 - l 48 + 164 + 176." type="journal article" year="1927">1927: 65</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 1929: 117, 1937: 110;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A992A72FFEF052AFBEBF9EB44783791" author="Borgmeier, T." box="[1144,1366,1652,1676]" page="115" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" year="1926">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA97192FFEF052AFBEBF9EB44783791" author="Borgmeier, T." box="[1144,1366,1652,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" pagination="39 - 52" refId="ref5576" refString="Borgmeier, T. (1926) Phorideos novos ou pouco conhecidos do Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 2 (5), 39 - 52." type="journal article" year="1926">Borgmeier 1926: 115</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<treatmentCitation id="0A992A72FFEF052AFAF0F9EB41DE37B6" author="Borgmeier, T." page="122" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA97192FFEF052AFAF0F9EB41DE37B6" author="Borgmeier, T." pageId="1" pageNumber="114" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref5609" refString="Borgmeier, T. (1966) Revision of the North American Phorid flies. Part III. The species of the genus Megaselia, subgenus Megaselia. Studia Entomologica, 8 (1965), 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1966">1966: 122</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Beyer 1965: 17; Borgmeier & Prado 1975: 38 (hypopygium illustration);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A992A72FFEF052AFC74F90C45B237B6" author="Disney, R. H. L." box="[999,1180,1683,1707]" page="271" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA97192FFEF052AFC74F90C45B237B6" author="Disney, R. H. L." box="[999,1180,1683,1707]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" pagination="263 - 287" refId="ref5919" refString="Disney, R. H. L. (1991) Convergent and parallel evolution and the supra-generic classification of the Phoridae (Diptera). Giornale Italiano di Entomologia, 5, 263 - 287." type="journal article" year="1991">Disney 1991: 271</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(key); Disney & Blasco-Zumeta 2004: 307 (biology);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A992A72FFEF052AFE60F92D43FD37D7" author="Klocke, D. & Schmitz, A. & Schmitz, H." box="[499,723,1714,1738]" page="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" year="2011">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA97192FFEF052AFE60F92D43FD37D7" author="Klocke, D. & Schmitz, A. & Schmitz, H." box="[499,723,1714,1738]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" pagination="10 - 14" refId="ref5999" refString="Klocke, D., Schmitz, A. & Schmitz, H. (2011) Fire-Adaptation in Hypocerides nearcticus Borgmeier and Anabarhynchus hyalipennis hyalipennis Marquart and New Notes about the Australian " Smoke Fly " Microsania australis Collart (Diptera: Phoridae, Therevidae and Platypezidae). The Open Entomology Journal, 5, 10 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.2174 / 1874407901105010010" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Klocke
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<emphasis id="B94CD071FFEF052AFDD1F92D435837D7" box="[578,630,1714,1738]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">et al.</emphasis>
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2011: 10
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(biology).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3225FE8FFEF052AFF04F967419B3647" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B870C63FFEF052AFF04F967419B3647" blockId="1.[151,1437,1784,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
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<emphasis id="B94CD071FFEF052AFF04F9674024360F" bold="true" box="[151,266,1784,1810]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Palps with dorsal sensory pits (
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<figureCitation id="130310E6FFEF052AFDECF96743D3360F" box="[639,765,1784,1810]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[151,1435,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hypocerides males palps and hind femora. A–B, H. sp from Mato Grosso (Brazil). C–D, H. sp. from Santa Catarina (Brazil) (in a different angle than figures 2A–B). E–F, H. anheuseri holotype. G–H, H. sp. from Mato Grosso (Brazil). I, H. aethereus cotype. J, H. nearcticus holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4883098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4883098/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Fig. 2A–D</figureCitation>
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), costa swollen between R
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<subScript id="17BC0E26FFEF052AFBBEF895451B3605" attach="left" box="[1069,1077,1802,1816]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">1</subScript>
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and R
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<subScript id="17BC0E26FFEF052AFB11F89545B23605" attach="left" box="[1154,1180,1802,1816]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">4+5</subScript>
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, veins posterior to the radial system weak (
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<figureCitation id="130310E6FFEF052AFEECF88340EA362B" box="[383,452,1820,1846]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,190,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[160,1426,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hypocerides wings. Abbreviations: CT, cotype; HT, holotype. Subtle angle differences should be considered when interpreting the morphology of the wings which were not slide-mounted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4883102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4883102/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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), hind tibia with one dorsal setal palisade, frons with dorsal fronto-orbitals absent (
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<figureCitation id="130310E6FFEF052AFAFCF88341893647" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[158,1415,181,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[157,1430,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Hypocerides heads in dorsal view. Abbreviations: CT, cotype; HT, holotype. White points indicate the insertion of the ventral inferfrontal, dorsal interfrontal and ventral fronto-orbital setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4883100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4883100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3225FE8FFEF0529FF54F8FB445033EC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B870C63FFEF0529FF54F8FB451733B4" blockId="1.[151,1437,1784,2026]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,1077]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
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<emphasis id="B94CD071FFEF052AFF54F8FB407F3663" bold="true" box="[199,337,1892,1918]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Description</emphasis>
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. (males) Body brown, body length,
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<quantity id="4CC0A186FFEF052AFD66F8FB42A13663" box="[757,911,1892,1919]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.725" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="1.725" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.25">1.25–2.2 mm</quantity>
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. Frons pubescent, generally with median area bare, with sparse thin setulae, without median furrow, setation 4-2-4 (dorsal fronto-orbitals absent), with two dorsally directed supra-antennal setae (
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<figureCitation id="130310E6FFEF052AFDBFF833435F36DB" box="[556,625,1964,1990]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[158,1415,181,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[157,1430,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Hypocerides heads in dorsal view. Abbreviations: CT, cotype; HT, holotype. White points indicate the insertion of the ventral inferfrontal, dorsal interfrontal and ventral fronto-orbital setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4883100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4883100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Palpus bearing strong setae near apex, with dorsal excavation bearing short and long sensilla (
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<figureCitation id="130310E6FFEF052AFE0EF84F433736F7" box="[413,537,2000,2026]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[151,1435,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hypocerides males palps and hind femora. A–B, H. sp from Mato Grosso (Brazil). C–D, H. sp. from Santa Catarina (Brazil) (in a different angle than figures 2A–B). E–F, H. anheuseri holotype. G–H, H. sp. from Mato Grosso (Brazil). I, H. aethereus cotype. J, H. nearcticus holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4883098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4883098/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Fig. 2A–D</figureCitation>
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). Flagellomere 1 pubescent, globose, with subcutaneous pit sensilla (SPS). Arista pre-apical, pubescent; aristomeres 1-2 short; no lower genal and one upper genal tiny setula. Anepisternum bare, without furrow (proepimeron not enlarged dorsally and posteriorly); lateral parapsidal suture of medium extension (not ending far from the anterior spiracle); meron concave. Scutellum with two pairs of setae on posterior margin. Foretibia with anterodorsal row of slightly stronger setulae. Foremetatarsus width/length ratio, 0.18–0.22. Midtibia basal half with one anterodorsal and one posterodorsal setae. Hind femur not expanded dorso-ventrally (height/ length ratio 0.25), with group of elongated microtrichia near base of posterior face and ventral band of differentiated setulae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130310E6FFEC0529FF66FEF0405E3094" box="[245,368,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[151,1435,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hypocerides males palps and hind femora. A–B, H. sp from Mato Grosso (Brazil). C–D, H. sp. from Santa Catarina (Brazil) (in a different angle than figures 2A–B). E–F, H. anheuseri holotype. G–H, H. sp. from Mato Grosso (Brazil). I, H. aethereus cotype. J, H. nearcticus holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4883098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4883098/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Fig. 2E–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hind tibia without large setae except the apical ones, with a dorsal setal palisade. Wing venation relatively uniform within the genus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130310E6FFEC0529FDF6FE0C438430B0" box="[613,682,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,190,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[160,1426,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hypocerides wings. Abbreviations: CT, cotype; HT, holotype. Subtle angle differences should be considered when interpreting the morphology of the wings which were not slide-mounted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4883102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4883102/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), costa swollen between the apices of R
|
||
<subScript id="17BC0E26FFEC0529FBF8FE3A455D30AE" attach="left" box="[1131,1139,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">1</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="17BC0E26FFEC0529FB2EFE3A45F830AE" attach="left" box="[1213,1238,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">4+5</subScript>
|
||
, 0.35–0.42 of the wing length; R
|
||
<subScript id="17BC0E26FFEC0529FEACFE56407630CA" attach="left" box="[319,344,457,471]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">2+3</subScript>
|
||
absent; M
|
||
<subScript id="17BC0E26FFEC0529FE5FFE5640FA30CA" attach="left" box="[460,468,457,471]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17BC0E26FFEC0529FDB6FE56430330CA" attach="left" box="[549,557,457,471]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">2</subScript>
|
||
slightly sinuous; CuA
|
||
<subScript id="17BC0E26FFEC0529FCB9FE56421C30CA" attach="left" box="[810,818,457,471]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">1</subScript>
|
||
sinuous. No seta at Rs base. Tergites dark brown, with lighter posterior band. Epandrium short, with surstyli forming a U-shaped subcercal process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130310E6FFEC0529FB32FE44443030E8" box="[1185,1310,474,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1766,1790]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,189,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1436,181,1743]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hypopygium of Hypocerides specimens.A–D, H. sp. from Paraná (Brazil). E, H. aethereus ‘cotype’. F, H. nearcticus holotype. G, H. sp. from Honduras. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; ep, epandrium; hyp, hypandrium; surst, surstilus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4883104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4883104/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Fig. 5A–G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epandrial right posterior margin with subepandrial group of setulae. Hypandrial lobes large; left lobe wider, with posteroventral margin projected posteriorly. Insertion of phallapodeme and of the hypandrium lobes shifted to left lateral. Hypoproct with two setae. Basiphallus with two posterodorsal horns (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130310E6FFEC0529FC3DFDD84504337F" box="[942,1066,583,610]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,166,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[181,1406,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Phallus of Hypocerides specimens.A, H. anheuseri holotype. B, H. sp. from Mato Grosso (Brazil). C, H. aethereus ‘cotype’. D, H. nearcticus holotype. E, H. sp. from Honduras. Scale bar, 0.05 mm. Abbreviations: bs, basiphallus; epi, epiphallus; rp, right plate. Figure A and B have a subtle angle difference which does not allow the visualization of the curved distal process of the phallus in figure 7A and the right horn of the basiphallus in figure 7B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4883106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4883106/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Fig. 6A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Right plate extending ventrally and reaching the left lateral. Epiphallus connected to the right plate at the left lateral, bearing pointed scales and with a slender curved projection. Curved posterior process bearing multi-pointed scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B870C63FFEC0529FF54FD2C445033EC" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
|
||
(females) Similar to males, but with tergites 3–6 reduced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130310E6FFEC0529FCC5FD2C42FF33D0" box="[854,977,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1779,1803]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-27@10.[151,1435,181,1755]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Abdomen and oviscapes of Hypocerides specimens. A–E, Abdomen (white points, tergite margins; gray points, doubtful tergite margins). A, H. sp. from Paraná (Brazil). B, H. sp. from Santa Catarina (Brazil). C, H. sp. from Costa Rica. D, H. sp. from Madagascar. E, H. sp. from USA. F–K Oviscapes. F–G, H. sp. from Santa Catarina (Brazil) (black points, anterior reentrance on ventral margin of segment 8). H–I, H. sp. from Costa Rica. J–K, H. sp. from Madagascar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4883108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4883108/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Fig. 7A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oviscape short. Tergites and sternites 7 and 8 apparently absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130310E6FFEC0529FE23FD48430733EC" box="[432,553,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1779,1803]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-27@10.[151,1435,181,1755]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Abdomen and oviscapes of Hypocerides specimens. A–E, Abdomen (white points, tergite margins; gray points, doubtful tergite margins). A, H. sp. from Paraná (Brazil). B, H. sp. from Santa Catarina (Brazil). C, H. sp. from Costa Rica. D, H. sp. from Madagascar. E, H. sp. from USA. F–K Oviscapes. F–G, H. sp. from Santa Catarina (Brazil) (black points, anterior reentrance on ventral margin of segment 8). H–I, H. sp. from Costa Rica. J–K, H. sp. from Madagascar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4883108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4883108/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Fig. 7F–K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral margin of segment 8 with an anterior reentrance. Cerci cylindrical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3225FE8FFEC0529FF54FD6540F73224" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B870C63FFEC0529FF54FD6540F73224" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CD071FFEC0529FF54FD6540D03209" bold="true" box="[199,510,762,788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. The genus is known from few scattered records through all biogeographic regions except the Antarctic (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130310E6FFEC0529FE15FC8040E53224" box="[390,459,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1159,1183]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,489,1136]" captionTargetId="figure-160@12.[151,1435,489,1136]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Distributional records of Hypocerides species and new unidentified material." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4883112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4883112/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3225FE8FFEC0529FF54FCDD45F23528" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B870C63FFEC0529FF54FCDD45F23528" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CD071FFEC0529FF54FCDD40663241" bold="true" box="[199,328,834,860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA97192FFEC0529FEC6FCDC43333243" author="Borgmeier, T." box="[341,541,835,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref5609" refString="Borgmeier, T. (1966) Revision of the North American Phorid flies. Part III. The species of the genus Megaselia, subgenus Megaselia. Studia Entomologica, 8 (1965), 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1966">Borgmeier (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the genus as having 2-4 scutellar setae.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA97192FFEC0529FBD4FCDC45C43240" author="Disney, R. H. L." box="[1095,1258,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" pagination="263 - 287" refId="ref5919" refString="Disney, R. H. L. (1991) Convergent and parallel evolution and the supra-generic classification of the Phoridae (Diptera). Giornale Italiano di Entomologia, 5, 263 - 287." type="journal article" year="1991">Disney (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, however, interpreted all species as having four scutellar setae.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA97192FFEC0529FD39FCF8425F329F" author="Borgmeier, T." box="[682,881,871,898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref5609" refString="Borgmeier, T. (1966) Revision of the North American Phorid flies. Part III. The species of the genus Megaselia, subgenus Megaselia. Studia Entomologica, 8 (1965), 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1966">Borgmeier (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also considered the frontal setation 4-2-4 or 4-4-4 for the genus. As illustrated herein,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3877E0FFEC0529FDB6FC14439B32B8" authorityName="Borgmeier" authorityYear="1923" box="[549,693,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Hypocerides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anheuseri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CD071FFEC0529FDB6FC14439B32B8" box="[549,693,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">H. anheuseri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which would have 4-4-4 according to Borgmeier, has the setation 4-2-4 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130310E6FFEC0529FF77FC30400432D4" box="[228,298,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[158,1415,181,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[157,1430,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Hypocerides heads in dorsal view. Abbreviations: CT, cotype; HT, holotype. White points indicate the insertion of the ventral inferfrontal, dorsal interfrontal and ventral fronto-orbital setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4883100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4883100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). I referred to the frontal setation of all examined specimens as 4-2-4 (dorsal frontal-orbitals absent) and not 2-4-4 (ventral interfrontals absent). However, I found no clear evidence that the fronto-orbitals present are the ventral ones. The fronto-orbitals in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3877E0FFEC0529FDC1FC6843CE350C" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1915" box="[594,736,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Hypocerides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CD071FFEC0529FDC1FC6843CE350C" box="[594,736,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Hypocerides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sometimes in a position more similar to the dorsal frontoorbitals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130310E6FFEC0529FF68FB8440103528" box="[251,318,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[158,1415,181,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[157,1430,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Hypocerides heads in dorsal view. Abbreviations: CT, cotype; HT, holotype. White points indicate the insertion of the ventral inferfrontal, dorsal interfrontal and ventral fronto-orbital setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4883100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4883100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3877E0FFEC0529FED8FB8440F53528" authorityName="Borgmeier" authorityYear="1923" box="[331,475,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Hypocerides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anheuseri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CD071FFEC0529FED8FB8440F53528" box="[331,475,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">H. anheuseri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and sometimes to the ventral fronto-orbitals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130310E6FFEC0529FC75FB8445073528" box="[998,1065,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[158,1415,181,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[157,1430,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Hypocerides heads in dorsal view. Abbreviations: CT, cotype; HT, holotype. White points indicate the insertion of the ventral inferfrontal, dorsal interfrontal and ventral fronto-orbital setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4883100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4883100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3877E0FFEC0529FBA5FB8445E23529" authorityName="Borgmeier" authorityYear="1966" box="[1078,1228,1051,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Hypocerides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CD071FFEC0529FBA5FB8445E23529" box="[1078,1228,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">H. nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |