869 lines
98 KiB
XML
869 lines
98 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EAB39D5E3CE1114A87C03D72363FD9A9">Revision of the Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex Khamala & Kettle (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Australasian region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="822B84EE5A6EA96534A7CF581D16DD47">Bellis, Glenn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3714EF1690F61CFB7C4EAB47B94F8398">Dyce, Alan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C0E838AC08AB7F4D5F179FCD8C28FE8E">Garros, Claire</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7B06BD469DFC60DAAA7977A6E28360F9">Labuschagne, Karien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55C58566DCCADC3BFD8BDDFD71E7D1A1">Mitchell, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BD2747560849CA4635FEB82987B3A3F9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C5063162AA93035816E866554DE84B7D">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7EF36CA2B73ED3CF967E7C94ED53711A">3768</mods:number>
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<treatment id="4C3EEE0B1622FFDBFF71F7D2FF15DFFF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4901941" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119416453" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4901941" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3EEE0B1622FFDBFF71F7D2FF15DFFF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3EEE0B1622FFDBFF71F7D2FF15DFFF" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
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<subSubSection id="8C8D0C961622FFD9FF71F7D2FC88DA60" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C4285F1D1622FFD9FF71F7D2FE00DA4F" blockId="4.[151,882,1517,1577]" box="[151,506,1517,1543]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
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<heading id="9F60E8711622FFD9FF71F7D2FE00DA4F" bold="true" box="[151,506,1517,1543]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="0397249E1622FFD9FF71F7D2FE00DA4F" ID-CoL="6BQJB" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[151,506,1517,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FF71F7D2FE00DA4F" bold="true" box="[151,506,1517,1543]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FF71F7D2FE60DA4F" bold="true" box="[151,410,1517,1543]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Culicoides brevitarsis</emphasis>
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Kieffer
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C4285F1D1622FFD9FF71F42FFC88DA60" blockId="4.[151,882,1517,1577]" box="[151,882,1552,1577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
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(
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<figureCitation id="5CAC43981622FFD9FF79F42FFE88DA60" box="[159,370,1552,1577]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,205,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[161,1425,193,1764]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex species. C. asiatica Bellis sp. n., 1, female eye separation; 4, female wing; 5, male wing. C. brevitarsis Kieffer, 2, female eye separation; 6, female wing; 7, male wing. C. nudipalpis Delfinado 3, female eye separation; 8, female wing; 9, male wing. 10, C. superfulvus Das Gupta cotype female wing. 11 C. radicitus Delfinado neotype male wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218567/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Figs 2, 6, 7, 10, 11</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="5CAC43981622FFD9FE98F42FFE0ADA60" box="[382,496,1552,1577]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 20" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[212,1371,211,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[199,1387,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 20. Female Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex species. C. asiatica Bellis sp. n., 12, palpus; 15, mandibular teeth; 18, legs. C. brevitarsis Kieffer, 13, palpus; 16, mandibular teeth; 19, legs. C. nudipalpis Delfinado, 14, palpus; 17, mandibular teeth; 20, legs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218568/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">13, 16, 19</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="5CAC43981622FFD9FE1AF42FFD39DA60" box="[508,707,1552,1577]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 33" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,201,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[161,1425,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 33. Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex species. C. asiatica Bellis sp. n., 21, female antenna; 25, male antenna; 28, female tibial comb; 31, female spermathecae. C. brevitarsis Kieffer, 22, female antenna; 24, female antennal flagellomere 6; 26, male antenna; 29, female tibial comb; 32, female spermathecae. C. nudipalpis Delfinado, 23, female antenna; 27, male antenna; 30, female tibial comb; 33, female spermathecae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218569/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">22, 24, 26, 29, 32</figureCitation>
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, 37, 38, 39, 44)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8D0C961622FFD9FF71F467FBD8DBCA" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C4285F1D1622FFD9FF71F467FD09DAA1" blockId="4.[151,1436,1624,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E48778331622FFD9FF71F467FD09DAA1" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
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<taxonomicName id="0397249E1622FFD9FF71F467FDCBDA26" ID-CoL="6BQJB" authority="Kieffer 1917: 187" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityPageNumber="187" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,561,1624,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FF71F467FE8FDA26" box="[151,373,1624,1646]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Culicoides brevitarsis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="4536790C1622FFD9FE9CF467FDCBDA26" author="Kieffer" box="[378,561,1624,1646]" page="187" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" year="1917">
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<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1622FFD9FE9CF467FE05DA26" author="Kieffer" box="[378,511,1624,1646]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1917) Chironomides d'Australie conserves au Musee National Hongrois de Budapest. Annales Historico- Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 15, 75 - 228." type="journal article" year="1917">Kieffer 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 187
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Lee & Reye 1962:362 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1622FFD9FCCFF466FC6FDA26" ID-CoL="32D9P" box="[809,917,1624,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robertsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FCCFF466FC6FDA26" box="[809,917,1624,1646]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">C. robertsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymy);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4536790C1622FFD9FBFCF467FAE7DA26" author="Kettle" box="[1050,1309,1624,1646]" page="313" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1622FFD9FBFCF467FB17DA26" author="Kettle" box="[1050,1261,1624,1646]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Kettle, D. S. & Elson, M. M. (1976) The immature stages of some Australian Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 15, 303 - 332. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1976. tb 01711. x" type="journal article" year="1976">Kettle & Elson 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 313
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(description of larva and pupa);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4536790C1622FFD9FE6DF447FDE5DAC5" author="Dyce" box="[395,543,1655,1677]" page="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" year="1979">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1622FFD9FE6DF447FE06DAC5" author="Dyce" box="[395,508,1655,1677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Dyce, A. L (1979) Culicoides radicitus Delfinado: A synonym of Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 18, 52. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1979. tb 00811. x" type="journal article" year="1979">Dyce 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 52
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1622FFD9FDCBF447FD5FDAC5" ID-CoL="8BNRQ" box="[557,677,1655,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FDCBF447FD5FDAC5" box="[557,677,1655,1677]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">C. radicitus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymy);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4536790C1622FFD9FCCFF447FBD9DAC5" author="Dyce" box="[809,1059,1655,1677]" page="224" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" year="1983">
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<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1622FFD9FCCFF447FC0EDAC5" author="Dyce" box="[809,1012,1655,1677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Dyce, A. L. & Wirth, W. W. (1983) Reappraisal of some Indian C ulicoides species in the subgenus A varitia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). International Journal of Entomology 25 (2 - 3), 221 - 225." type="journal article" year="1983">Dyce & Wirth 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 224
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1622FFD9FBD4F447FB39DAC5" ID-CoL="32DDP" box="[1074,1219,1655,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superfulvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FBD4F447FB39DAC5" box="[1074,1219,1655,1677]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">C. superfulvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymy);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4536790C1622FFD9FAAEF448FE78DAE3" author="Wirth" page="258" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" year="1989">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1622FFD9FAAEF448FEB4DAE3" author="Wirth" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Wirth, W. W. & Hubert, A. A. (1989) Culicoides of Southeast Asia. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute No. 44, Florida, USA, 508 pp." type="book" year="1989">Wirth & Hubert 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 258
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(description of male and female, SE Asian records; designation of
|
||
<typeStatus id="1B2CE1BF1622FFD9FBBBF4A9FB48DAE3" box="[1117,1202,1686,1707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4536790C1622FFD9FB21F4AAFA66DAE3" author="Lien" box="[1223,1436,1685,1707]" page="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" year="1998">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1622FFD9FB21F4AAFA84DAE3" author="Lien" box="[1223,1406,1685,1707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Lien, J. - C., Lin, C. - C. & Weng, M. - H. (1998) A revision of the genus Culicoides in Taiwan. Part II. Subgenus Avaritia (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Journal of Taiwan Museum, 51, 21 - 48." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Lien
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FAE7F4A9FAC4DAE3" box="[1281,1342,1685,1707]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:27
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(misident.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1622FFD9FED3F48BFE85DA82" box="[309,383,1716,1738]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
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record, description of male and female).
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4536790C1622FFD9FCCBF48AFC16DA82" author="Yu" box="[813,1004,1716,1738]" page="911" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" year="2005">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1622FFD9FCCBF48AFC39DA82" author="Yu" box="[813,963,1716,1738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Yu, Y. - X., Liu, J. - H., Liu, G. - P., Liu, Z. - J., Hao, B. - S., Yan, G. & Zhao, T. - S. (2005) Ceratopogonidae of China, Insecta, Diptera, Vols. 1 - 2. Military Medical Science Press, Beijing, 1699 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="2005">
|
||
Yu
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FCB7F48AFC7CDA82" box="[849,902,1716,1738]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:911
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</treatmentCitation>
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(redescription of male and female,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1622FFD9FAB9F48BFA61DA82" box="[1375,1435,1716,1738]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
record);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4536790C1622FFD9FEFBF4EBFE11DAA1" author="Dyce" box="[285,491,1747,1769]" page="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1622FFD9FEFBF4EBFE35DAA1" author="Dyce" box="[285,463,1747,1769]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Dyce, A. L, Bellis, G. A. & Muller, M. J. (2007) Pictorial atlas of Australasian Culicoides wings (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, 88 pp." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Dyce
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FEBFF4EBFE76DAA1" box="[345,396,1747,1769]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:19
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(female wing illustrated).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1622FFD9FF71F4CEFC34DB6E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1624,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E48778331622FFD9FF71F4CEFC34DB6E" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1622FFD9FF71F4CEFDAFDB4F" ID-CoL="32D9P" authority="Lee & Reye 1953:386" authorityName="Lee & Reye" authorityPageNumber="386" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,597,1777,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robertsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FF71F4CEFEA6DB4F" box="[151,348,1777,1799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Culicoides robertsi</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4536790C1622FFD9FE81F4CDFDAFDB4F" author="Lee" box="[359,597,1777,1799]" page="386" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" year="1953">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1622FFD9FE81F4CDFDD2DB4F" author="Lee" box="[359,552,1777,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Lee, D. J. & Reye, E. J. (1953) Australasian Ceratopogonidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Part VI. Australian species of Culicoides. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 77, 369 - 394." type="journal article" year="1953">Lee & Reye 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:386
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4536790C1622FFD9FD85F4CEFCD0DB4F" author="Tokunaga" box="[611,810,1777,1799]" page="74" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" year="1960">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1622FFD9FD85F4CEFCF6DB4F" author="Tokunaga" box="[611,780,1777,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Tokunaga, M. (1960) Notes on biting midges I. Akitu, 9, 72 - 76." type="journal article" year="1960">Tokunaga, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:74
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1622FFD9FCDBF4CDFC45DB4F" ID-CoL="8BNR8" box="[829,959,1777,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FCDBF4CDFC45DB4F" box="[829,959,1777,1799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">C. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1622FFD9FBC2F4CEFB3FDB4F" author="Tokunaga" box="[1060,1221,1777,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Tokunaga, M. (1959) New Guinea biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Pacific Insects, 1, 177 - 314." type="journal article" year="1959">Tokunaga 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
misdet.);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4536790C1622FFD9FAD4F4CEFEDCDB6E" author="Tokunaga" page="485" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" year="1962">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1622FFD9FAD4F4CEFF01DB6E" author="Tokunaga" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Tokunaga, M. (1962) Biting midges of the genus Culicoides from New Guinea (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Pacific Insects, 4, 457 - 516." type="journal article" year="1962">Tokunaga, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:485
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(male and female redescribed; New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1622FFD9FD7DF52FFD1EDB6E" box="[667,740,1808,1830]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1622FFD9FCF3F52FFC39DB6E" box="[789,963,1808,1830]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1622FFD9FF71F510FD6EDB0D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1624,1922]" box="[151,660,1839,1861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E48778331622FFD9FF71F510FD6EDB0D" box="[151,660,1839,1861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1622FFD9FF71F510FDCEDB0D" ID-CoL="8BNRQ" authority="Delfinado 1961:657" authorityName="Delfinado" authorityPageNumber="657" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,564,1839,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FF71F510FE99DB0D" box="[151,355,1839,1861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Culicoides radicitus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4536790C1622FFD9FE8FF510FDCEDB0D" author="Delfinado" box="[361,564,1839,1861]" page="657" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" year="1961">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1622FFD9FE8FF510FDF3DB0D" author="Delfinado" box="[361,521,1839,1861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Delfinado, M. D. (1961) Philippine Zoological Expedition 1946 - 1947. The Philippine biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Fieldiana Zoology, 33, 627 - 675." type="journal article" year="1961">Delfinado 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:657
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1622FFD9FF71F572FDACDB2B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1624,1922]" box="[151,598,1869,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E48778331622FFD9FF71F572FDACDB2B" box="[151,598,1869,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1622FFD9FF71F572FDACDB2B" ID-CoL="32DDP" authority="Das Gupta 1962:253" authorityName="Das Gupta" authorityPageNumber="253" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,598,1869,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superfulvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FF71F572FE84DB2B" box="[151,382,1869,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Culicoides superfulvus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4536790C1622FFD9FE62F571FDACDB2B" author="Das" box="[388,598,1869,1891]" page="253" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" year="1962">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1622FFD9FE62F571FDD1DB2B" author="Das" box="[388,555,1869,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Das Gupta, S. K. (1962) Culicoides (Dipt., Ceratopogonidae) from suburbs of Calcutta. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 98, 253 - 254." type="journal article" year="1962">Das Gupta 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:253
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1622FFD9FF71F553FBD8DBCA" blockId="4.[151,1436,1624,1922]" box="[151,1058,1900,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E48778331622FFD9FF71F553FBD8DBCA" box="[151,1058,1900,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1622FFD9FF71F553FE42DBCA" ID-CoL="8BNR8" authority="Macfie" authorityName="Macfie" box="[151,440,1900,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FF71F553FE90DBCA" box="[151,362,1900,1922]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Culicoides orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
Macfie
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(misident.);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4536790C1622FFD9FDDCF553FCF0DBCA" author="Tokunaga" box="[570,778,1900,1922]" page="254" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" year="1959">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1622FFD9FDDCF553FD24DBCA" author="Tokunaga" box="[570,734,1900,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Tokunaga, M. (1959) New Guinea biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Pacific Insects, 1, 177 - 314." type="journal article" year="1959">Tokunaga, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:254
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(Indonesian
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1622FFD9FC68F552FC36DBCA" box="[910,972,1901,1922]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Papua</collectingCountry>
|
||
record).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8D0C961622FFD8FF71F591FEB8D84E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="406" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1622FFD9FF71F591FCDDDBA2" blockId="4.[151,1436,1966,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FF71F591FE3FDB8F" bold="true" box="[151,453,1966,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<typeStatus id="1B2CE1BF1622FFD9FF71F591FF28DB8F" box="[151,210,1966,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material examined.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1622FFD9FE29F590FDADDB8F" box="[463,599,1967,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FE29F590FDADDB8F" box="[463,599,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">C. radicitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1622FFD9FD8FF591FD15DB8F" box="[617,751,1966,1991]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FD8FF591FD15DB8F" bold="true" box="[617,751,1966,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Philippines</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
Tala, Rizal,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1622FFD9FC60F591FC0DDB8F" box="[902,1015,1966,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" value="1958-05-21">21.v.1958</date>
|
||
, M Delfinado, (
|
||
<typeStatus id="1B2CE1BF1622FFD9FB54F590FAF6DB8F" box="[1202,1292,1967,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1622FFD9FA64F590FEF4DBA2" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FA64F590FEF4DBA2" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">C. brevitarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, designation by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1622FFD9FE21F5EDFD40DBA2" author="Wirth" box="[455,698,2002,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Wirth, W. W. & Hubert, A. A. (1989) Culicoides of Southeast Asia. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute No. 44, Florida, USA, 508 pp." type="book" year="1989">Wirth & Hubert 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81622FFD9FD23F5EDFCE1DBA2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[709,795,2002,2026]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1623FFD8FF21F2A7FDD5DCBF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1623FFD8FF21F2A7FE8ADCF8" box="[199,368,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superfulvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FF21F2A7FE8ADCF8" box="[199,368,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. superfulvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FE63F2A8FE3FDCF8" box="[389,453,151,176]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FE63F2A8FE3FDCF8" bold="true" box="[389,453,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">India</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
Baguiati (near Calcutta) by sticky trap, August, ’60, Das Gupta (cotype female, designation by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FEABF283FDC7DC9B" author="Dyce" box="[333,573,187,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Dyce, A. L. & Wirth, W. W. (1983) Reappraisal of some Indian C ulicoides species in the subgenus A varitia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). International Journal of Entomology 25 (2 - 3), 221 - 225." type="journal article" year="1983">Dyce & Wirth 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FDA8F284FD5EDC9B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[590,676,187,211]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1623FFD8FD5DF284FCA2DC9B" box="[699,856,187,211]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FD5DF284FCA2DC9B" box="[699,856,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. brevitarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FC8AF284FBD6DC9C" bold="true" box="[876,1068,187,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FC8AF284FC27DC9C" box="[876,989,187,212]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FC09F284FBD6DC9C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15627" box="[1007,1068,187,212]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15627" name="Royal Botanic Gardens, National Herbarium of New South Wales" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">NSW</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. (neoallotype female, Lismore,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FF71F2E0FED0DCBF" box="[151,298,223,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="2007-11-13">13.Nov.2007</date>
|
||
, H. McKenzie,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FE3CF2E0FDDEDCBF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[474,548,223,247]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1623FFD8FF21F33EFEB8D84E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FF21F33EFD5DDD52" bold="true" box="[199,679,257,282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
Non-type material examined.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FDD1F33EFD5DDD52" box="[567,679,257,282]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FD5CF33EFD03DD52" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15627" box="[698,761,257,282]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15627" name="Royal Botanic Gardens, National Herbarium of New South Wales" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FD5CF33EFD03DD52" bold="true" box="[698,761,257,282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">NSW</emphasis>
|
||
</collectionCode>
|
||
: Paterson,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FC99F33EFC05DD52" box="[895,1023,257,282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="2008-02-06">6.Feb.2008</date>
|
||
, Lt Tp. (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FB97F33DFB2DDD52" box="[1137,1239,257,282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FB01F33DFAB8DD52" box="[1255,1346,258,282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">NTQIC</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FABFF33DFA62DD52" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15627" box="[1369,1432,258,282]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15627" name="Royal Botanic Gardens, National Herbarium of New South Wales" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">NSW</collectionCode>
|
||
, Grafton,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FF1BF31AFE74DD75" box="[253,398,293,317]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="2007-12-14">14.Dec.2007</date>
|
||
, H. McKenzie (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FDA1F31AFD50DD75" box="[583,682,292,317]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FD50F31AFCEBDD75" box="[694,785,293,317]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">NTQIC</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FCC3F31BFCA8DD75" bold="true" box="[805,850,292,317]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Qld</emphasis>
|
||
: Oxley Ck, Corinda,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FBAEF31BFB4CDD75" box="[1096,1206,292,317]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">18.March</date>
|
||
.2009, M. Shivas, (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FA69F31AFF1CDD28" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FF1FF377FEAEDD28" box="[249,340,328,352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">NTQIC</collectionCode>
|
||
); Bamaga,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FE06F377FD90DD28" box="[480,618,328,352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="2009-01-27">27.Jan.2009</date>
|
||
, J Sailor, (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FD1CF377FC9FDD28" box="[762,869,327,352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FC9EF377FC29DD28" box="[888,979,328,352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">NTQIC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FC0AF378FB7DDD28" box="[1004,1159,327,352]" name="Timor-Leste" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FC0AF378FB7DDD28" bold="true" box="[1004,1159,327,352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Timor Leste</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Surucraic,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA1623FFD8FAF8F378FA6DDD28" box="[1310,1431,327,352]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="1" value="-9.05583">9.05583°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA1623FFD8FF71F352FEE5DDCE" box="[151,287,365,390]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="5" value="125.5444">125.5444°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FEC8F352FE3BDDCE" box="[302,449,365,390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="2001-11-15">15.Nov.2001</date>
|
||
, Lt Tp, E. Watkins, (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FD27F351FCDDDDCE" box="[705,807,365,390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FCD0F351FC6ADDCE" box="[822,912,366,390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">NTQIC</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<quantity id="036FF2F81623FFD8FC4EF351FC12DDCE" box="[936,1000,365,390]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
. N. Same, Lt. Tp.
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FB2FF351FA88DDCE" box="[1225,1394,362,390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="1969-08-24">24th Aug 1969</date>
|
||
, D. Nicholls (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FEE0F3ABFE8FDDE5" box="[262,373,404,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FE66F3ABFE33DDE4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[384,457,404,428]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
); Cape Tefara, lt. tp.
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FD52F3ABFCBDDDE5" box="[692,839,400,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="1969-08-05">5th Aug 1969</date>
|
||
, DG. Nicholls (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FC10F3ABFBA3DDE5" box="[1014,1113,404,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FB82F3ABFB57DDE4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[1124,1197,404,428]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
); Cape Tefara,
|
||
<quantity id="036FF2F81623FFD8FAB0F3ABFA62DDE5" box="[1366,1432,404,429]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="km" value="11.0">11km</quantity>
|
||
. S.E. Suai, Lt. Tp.
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FE85F385FDE2DD9B" box="[355,536,438,467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="1969-08-06">6th August 1969</date>
|
||
, D. Nicholls (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FD50F385FCDDDD9B" box="[694,807,442,467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FCD4F385FC81DD9A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[818,891,442,466]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
); Cape Tefara, lt. tp.
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FB8FF385FB04DD9B" box="[1129,1278,438,467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="1969-08-05">5th Aug 1969</date>
|
||
, DG. Nicholls (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FF44F3E1FEFCDDBE" box="[162,262,477,502]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FEF5F3E1FEA7DDBE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[275,349,478,502]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
); Los Palos, lt. tp.
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FDDEF3E2FD5EDDBE" box="[568,676,477,502]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="1969-09-06" valueMax="1969-09-07" valueMin="1969-09-06">6–7.ix.69</date>
|
||
, DG. Nicholls (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FCBCF3E1FC45DDBE" box="[858,959,477,502]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FC2AF3E1FBEFDDBE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[972,1045,478,502]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
); Desa Pollo,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FB51F3E1FAA8DDBE" box="[1207,1362,478,502]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="1984-09-13">13 Sept 1984</date>
|
||
, Light trap, NT. Hunt (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FEACF03EFE43DE51" box="[330,441,512,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FE22F03EFDF7DE51" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[452,525,513,537]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
); Desa Pollo,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FD4EF03EFC93DE51" box="[680,873,513,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="1984-09-12" valueMax="1984-09-13" valueMin="1984-09-12">12–13 Sept 1984</date>
|
||
, NT. Hunt & Phillip, light trap by penned cattle (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FA76F03EFF1CDE74" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FF17F01BFEC0DE74" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[241,314,548,572]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
); Oecusse, Samora,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FDFBF01CFD56DE74" box="[541,684,547,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="2005-02-22">22.Feb.2005</date>
|
||
, G. Bellis (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FCCCF01BFC77DE74" box="[810,909,547,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FC7EF01BFC09DE74" box="[920,1011,548,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">NTQIC</collectionCode>
|
||
); Cova Lima, Suai,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA1623FFD8FB34F01BFADADE74" box="[1234,1312,548,572]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="555" value="-9.31">9.31°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA1623FFD8FACAF01CFA6DDE74" box="[1324,1431,547,572]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="555" value="125.26">125.26°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FF71F078FEE0DE17" box="[151,282,583,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="2003-12-03">3.Dec.2003</date>
|
||
, E. Watkins (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FE5FF078FDE4DE17" box="[441,542,582,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FDCDF078FD73DE17" box="[555,649,583,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">NTQIC</collectionCode>
|
||
);.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FD44F079FC93DE17" box="[674,873,582,607]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FD44F079FC93DE17" bold="true" box="[674,873,582,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Solomon Islands</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Malaita, Kwailatutu,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA1623FFD8FB93F079FB08DE17" box="[1141,1266,582,607]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="15" value="-8.940001">8°56’24’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA1623FFD8FAE7F079FA6DDE17" box="[1281,1431,582,607]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="15" value="160.77861">160°46’43”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FF71F055FED7DECA" box="[151,301,618,642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="2010-05-18">18.May.2010</date>
|
||
, L. Halling (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FE21F055FDD6DECB" box="[455,556,618,643]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FDDCF055FD6FDECA" box="[570,661,618,642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">NTQIC</collectionCode>
|
||
); Western Province, Tuiai via Nila,.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA1623FFD8FBDCF055FB4FDECA" box="[1082,1205,618,642]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="1" value="-7.09491">7.09491°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA1623FFD8FB22F055FAA0DECB" box="[1220,1370,618,643]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="1" value="155.86069">155.86068°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, light trap on edge of mangroves with 1 penned pig and 3 cattle, 0m,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FCBBF0B2FC16DEEE" box="[861,1004,653,678]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="2012-02-19">19.Feb.2012</date>
|
||
, G. Bellis (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FB8EF0B1FB2DDEEE" box="[1128,1239,653,678]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FB05F0B1FAC4DEEE" box="[1251,1342,654,678]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">NTQIC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FAB6F0B2FED1DE81" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FAB6F0B2FED1DE81" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Papua New Guinea</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
, West New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FE50F08FFDFDDE81" box="[438,519,688,713]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Numondo,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA1623FFD8FD75F08FFD0EDE81" box="[659,756,688,713]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="92" value="-5.5166664">5°31.0'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA1623FFD8FCE7F08FFC88DE81" box="[769,882,688,713]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="92" value="150.08333">150°5.0'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FC98F08FFBF0DE81" box="[894,1034,688,713]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="2007-02-28">28.Feb.2007</date>
|
||
LT, P.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FBBDF08FFB55DE81" box="[1115,1199,688,713]" name="Poland" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Boland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FB20F08EFAD3DE81" box="[1222,1321,688,713]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FAD3F08EFA6ADE81" box="[1333,1424,689,713]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">NTQIC</collectionCode>
|
||
); Markham Farm,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA1623FFD8FEBFF0ECFE2DDEA4" box="[345,471,723,748]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="1" value="-6.544733">6°32.684'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA1623FFD8FE03F0ECFD7ADEA4" box="[485,640,723,748]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="1" value="146.6454">146°38.724'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FD68F0EBFCF5DEA4" box="[654,783,724,748]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="2011-06-17">11–17.June</date>
|
||
.2008, Lt Tp, J. Schmidt & N. Harris, (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FB3FF0EBFAD2DEA4" box="[1241,1320,723,748]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FAD0F0EBFA6BDEA4" box="[1334,1425,724,748]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">NTQIC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FF71F0C9FEE8DF47" bold="true" box="[151,274,758,783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FF71F0C9FEF4DF47" box="[151,270,758,783]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bali, Denpasar,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FE32F0C9FDAFDF47" box="[468,597,758,783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="1989-02-09">9.Feb.1989</date>
|
||
, L.T. over cattle, HA. Standfast (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FC33F0C8FBBDDF47" box="[981,1095,758,783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FBB3F0C8FB5CDF47" box="[1109,1190,758,783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FB52F0C8FB07DF47" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[1204,1277,759,783]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
); Pedang bay, Denpasar,
|
||
<quantity id="036FF2F81623FFD8FEF6F125FEAADF7B" box="[272,336,794,819]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="km" value="35.0">35km</quantity>
|
||
NE,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FE76F125FDE6DF7B" box="[400,540,794,819]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="1969-10-17">17.Oct.1969</date>
|
||
, DG. Nicholls (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FD32F125FCC3DF7B" box="[724,825,794,819]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FCA1F125FC6BDF7A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[839,913,794,818]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
). Kalimantan, 80-0818-29, VLi-95, V. Lee (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FA76F125FF1CDF1E" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FF12F101FEC4DF1E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[244,318,830,854]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FEB2F102FE67DF1E" box="[340,413,829,854]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Flores</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 80-0812-5, VLi-30, V.Lee (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FD0CF101FCA4DF1E" box="[746,862,829,854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FC8AF101FC4CDF1E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[876,950,830,854]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
). Sumbawa,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FBAAF102FB23DF1E" box="[1100,1241,829,854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="1969-10-22">22.Oct.1969</date>
|
||
, DG Nicholls (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FA68F101FF0BDF31" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FF1AF15EFEBFDF31" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[252,325,865,889]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
). West Timor, Kupang, Quarantine Station, L.T. over cattle,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FC0AF15FFB97DF31" box="[1004,1133,864,889]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="1989-02-07">7.Feb.1989</date>
|
||
, HA. Standfast (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FACEF15EFA62DF31" box="[1320,1432,864,889]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FF71F1BBFF1BDFD4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[151,225,900,924]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FF15F1BBFEC0DFD3" box="[243,314,900,923]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Papua</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Merauke, L.T.
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FE08F1BCFD9BDFD4" box="[494,609,899,924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="1989-02-15">15.Feb.89</date>
|
||
, HA Standfast, ov. cattle (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FC6CF1BBFC00DFD4" box="[906,1018,899,924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">7 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FBE0F1BBFBAADFD4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[1030,1104,900,924]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FB84F1BCFB35DFD4" box="[1122,1231,899,924]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FB84F1BCFB35DFD4" bold="true" box="[1122,1231,899,924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Thailand</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Chiengmai, Apr-
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FF71F197FEF7DFF7" box="[151,269,934,960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="1958-05">May 1958</date>
|
||
, V. Notananda, light trap (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FDA7F198FD5FDFF7" box="[577,677,934,959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FD54F198FCF8DFF7" box="[690,770,934,959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FCF6F198FCA0DFF7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[784,858,935,959]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FC8BF199FC4CDFF7" box="[877,950,934,959]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FC8BF199FC4CDFF7" bold="true" box="[877,950,934,959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">China</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Hainan, Mengnya,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA1623FFD8FB47F198FB07DFF7" box="[1185,1277,935,959]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="555" value="-20.08">20.08°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA1623FFD8FAEDF198FA8CDFF7" box="[1291,1398,935,959]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="555" value="110.37">110.37°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Lt Tp,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FF23F1F5FEA2DFAA" box="[197,344,970,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="2010-11-28">28.Nov.2010</date>
|
||
, G. Bellis (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FE3EF1F5FDCEDFAB" box="[472,564,970,995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FDA7F1F5FD61DFAA" box="[577,667,970,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">NTQIC</collectionCode>
|
||
); Sanlian Can,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA1623FFD8FCAFF1F5FC5FDFAA" box="[841,933,970,994]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="555" value="-20.08">20.08°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA1623FFD8FC54F1F5FBE7DFAA" box="[946,1053,970,994]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="555" value="110.37">110.37°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Lt Tp,
|
||
<date id="B02979DD1623FFD8FB9CF1F5FAF7DFAA" box="[1146,1293,970,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="2010-11-28">28.Nov.2010</date>
|
||
, G. Bellis (
|
||
<specimenCount id="D29194941623FFD8FA76F1F5FF2AD84E" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="A286C7D81623FFD8FF3DF1D1FECCD84E" box="[219,310,1006,1030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">NTQIC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8D0C961623FFD8FF21F62FFBE1D96F" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1623FFD8FF21F62FFBE1D96F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FF21F62FFEBBD861" bold="true" box="[199,321,1040,1065]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
We have been unable to reliably distinguish the morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1623FFD8FBD7F62EFB31D860" box="[1073,1227,1040,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FBD7F62EFB31D860" box="[1073,1227,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. brevitarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1623FFD8FAF0F62EFEE1D804" authority="Meiswinkel" authorityName="Meiswinkel" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolitinos">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FAF0F62EFA66D860" box="[1302,1436,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. bolitinos</emphasis>
|
||
Meiswinkel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
so the following diagnosis applies to both of these species and separates these two species from the remaining species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1623FFD8FE49F669FDFED827" box="[431,516,1110,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imicola">Imicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. Female: The only species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1623FFD8FC0EF669FBC4D827" box="[1000,1086,1110,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imicola">Imicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex with the combination of wing with posterior margin of apical pale marking in cell m1 straight and never attaining vein M2 before margin of the wing, proximal dark marking on costa not longer than stigmatic dark spot and apical fifth of cell r2 included in post-stigmatic pale spot.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FE3EF6FAFDECD896" box="[472,534,1221,1246]" name="Malta" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Male</collectingCountry>
|
||
: The only species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1623FFD8FCDBF6FAFC69D896" box="[829,915,1221,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imicola">Imicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex with the combination of wing with posterior margin of apical pale marking in cell m1 straight and never attaining vein M2 before margin and proximal dark marking on costa no more than 1.5 times as long as the stigmatic dark spot.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8D0C961623FFD8FF21F70AFAF2DA6C" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1623FFD8FF21F70AFAB3DA48" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FF21F70AFE51D906" bold="true" box="[199,427,1333,1358]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Description. Adult.</emphasis>
|
||
In addition to characters listed in the diagnosis, palpus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5CAC43981623FFD8FBC0F70AFB8DD906" box="[1062,1143,1333,1358]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 20" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[212,1371,211,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[199,1387,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 20. Female Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex species. C. asiatica Bellis sp. n., 12, palpus; 15, mandibular teeth; 18, legs. C. brevitarsis Kieffer, 13, palpus; 16, mandibular teeth; 19, legs. C. nudipalpis Delfinado, 14, palpus; 17, mandibular teeth; 20, legs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 3rd segment bearing shallow pit of diameter about ½ width of segment and containing few, elongate, capitate sensilla; wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5CAC43981623FFD8FAD4F767FA6ED939" box="[1330,1428,1368,1393]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,205,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[161,1425,193,1764]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex species. C. asiatica Bellis sp. n., 1, female eye separation; 4, female wing; 5, male wing. C. brevitarsis Kieffer, 2, female eye separation; 6, female wing; 7, male wing. C. nudipalpis Delfinado 3, female eye separation; 8, female wing; 9, male wing. 10, C. superfulvus Das Gupta cotype female wing. 11 C. radicitus Delfinado neotype male wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218567/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 6, 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) relatively strongly patterned with about 1/5 of cell r2 included in the post-stigmatic pale marking; legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5CAC43981623FFD8FAA6F744FA69D9DC" box="[1344,1427,1403,1428]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 20" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[212,1371,211,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[199,1387,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 20. Female Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex species. C. asiatica Bellis sp. n., 12, palpus; 15, mandibular teeth; 18, legs. C. brevitarsis Kieffer, 13, palpus; 16, mandibular teeth; 19, legs. C. nudipalpis Delfinado, 14, palpus; 17, mandibular teeth; 20, legs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
) pale brown, hind femora unbanded, mid and fore femora with subapical pale band, all tibiae with pale subbasal band, mid & hind tibia additionally with weak pale apical bands; haltere pale.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FBC5F7FBFBA6D995" box="[1059,1116,1476,1501]" name="Malta" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Male</collectingCountry>
|
||
hypopygium (Fig. 37) with ninth sternite with ventral membrane bare. Aedeagus (Fig. 39) with peg strongly sclerotised and quite dark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1623FFD8FF21F434FAF2DA6C" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2030]" box="[199,1288,1547,1572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FF21F434FEA8DA6C" bold="true" box="[199,338,1547,1572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Immatures.</emphasis>
|
||
Fourth instar larvae and pupae were adequately described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FBE1F434FAF9DA6C" author="Kettle" box="[1031,1283,1547,1572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Kettle, D. S. & Elson, M. M. (1976) The immature stages of some Australian Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 15, 303 - 332. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1976. tb 01711. x" type="journal article" year="1976">Kettle & Elson (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8D0C961623FFD8FF21F411FAFEDAC4" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1623FFD8FF21F411FAFEDAC4" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FF21F411FE9ADA0F" bold="true" box="[199,352,1582,1607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5CAC43981623FFD8FE97F411FE3EDA0F" box="[369,452,1582,1607]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 45" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1445,1467]" captionTargetBox="[192,1384,481,1434]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[186,1393,470,1437]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 45. Distribution of Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex species. 43. C. asiatica Bellis sp. n. based on specimen data and published records (Lien et al. 1998; Henna et al. 1991, Wada et al. 1996; Yanase et al. 2011). 44. C. brevitarsis Kieffer based on specimen data, NAMP records and published records (Yu et al. 2005). 45. C. nudipalpis Delfinado based on specimen data and published records (Delfinado 1961; Wirth & Hubert 1989; Sukarsih et al. 1993; Lien et al. 1998)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218570/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
) Widespread in the Oriental and Australasian regions.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FBDFF411FB5EDA0F" box="[1081,1188,1582,1607]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
: NSW, Qld, NT, WA;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FF71F46DFF35DA22" box="[151,207,1618,1642]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">PNG</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Solomon Is,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FE8FF46EFE69DA22" box="[361,403,1617,1642]" name="Fiji" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FE78F46DFDB5DA22" box="[414,591,1617,1642]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FDBCF46DFD43DA21" box="[602,697,1618,1641]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FD23F46DFCF7DA22" box="[709,781,1618,1642]" name="Tonga" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FCFEF46EFC5EDA21" box="[792,932,1617,1642]" name="Timor-Leste" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Timor Leste</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FC56F46EFBDADA22" box="[944,1056,1617,1642]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FBCDF46EFB56DA22" box="[1067,1196,1617,1642]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FB5EF46EFAE4DA22" box="[1208,1310,1617,1642]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FACFF46EFA96DA22" box="[1321,1388,1617,1642]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FF71F44BFF2EDAC5" box="[151,212,1652,1677]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Records from within the Oriental Region require confirmation as they may refer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1623FFD8FB62F44AFB04DAC4" box="[1156,1278,1653,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FB62F44AFB04DAC4" box="[1156,1278,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. asiatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8D0C961623FFD8FF21F4A8FEC9DBEF" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1623FFD8FF21F4A8FEC9DBEF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FF21F4A8FEDDDAF8" bold="true" box="[199,295,1687,1712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Closely associated with bovids. Immatures live in discrete bovid dung pats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FB43F4A7FA62DAF8" author="Canon" box="[1189,1432,1687,1712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Cannon, L. R. G. & Reye, E. J. (1966) A larval habitat of the biting midge Culicoides brevitarsis Keiffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland, 5, 7 - 9. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1966. tb 00670. x" type="journal article" year="1966">Canon & Reye 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FF71F484FE57DA9C" author="Campbell" box="[151,429,1723,1748]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Campbell, M. M. & Kettle, D. S. (1976) Number of adult Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) emerging from bovine dung exposed under different conditions in the field. Australian Journal of Zoology, 24, 75 - 85. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / zo 9760075" type="journal article" year="1976">Campbell & Kettle 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) while adults feed on sheep, cattle, marsupial, buffalo, human and horse (Lee
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FAFAF483FAAFDA9B" box="[1308,1365,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1962;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FF71F4E0FEF2DABF" author="Kay" box="[151,264,1759,1783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Kay, B. H. (1973) Seasonal studies on a population of Culicoides marmoratus (Skuse) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at Deception Bay, Queensland. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 12, 42 - 58. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1973. tb 02153. x" type="journal article" year="1973">Kay 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FEF2F4E1FDE6DABF" author="Muller" box="[276,540,1758,1783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Muller, M. J. & Murray, M. D. (1977) Blood-sucking flies feeding on sheep in south-eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 25, 75 - 85. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / zo 9770075" type="journal article" year="1977">Muller & Murray 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FDCEF4E1FD0DDABF" author="Muller" box="[552,759,1758,1783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Muller, M. J., Murray, M. D. & Edwards, J. A. (1981) Blood-sucking midges and mosquitoes feeding on mammals at Beatrice Hill. N. T. Australian Journal of Zoology, 29, 573 - 588. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / zo 9810573" type="journal article" year="1981">
|
||
Muller
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FD9AF4E0FD4FDABE" box="[636,693,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1981
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Kay & Lennon 1982). Adults are crepuscular (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FAF6F4E1FED7DB52" author="Campbell" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Campbell, M. M. & Kettle, D. S. (1979 b) Abundance and temporal and spatial distribution of Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) on cattle in South-East Queensland. Australian Journal of Zoology, 27, 251 - 260. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / zo 9790251" type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="b">Campbell & Kettle 1979b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FEDCF53EFDFBDB52" author="Bellis" box="[314,513,1793,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Bellis, G. A., Melville, L. F., Hunt, N. T. & Hearnden, M. N. (2004) Temporal activity of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) on cattle near Darwin, Northern Territory Australia. Veterinaria Italiana, 40 (3), 324 - 328." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Bellis
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FE62F53DFE47DB51" box="[388,445,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), roost in ground herbage during daylight hours (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FBD7F53EFAFCDB52" author="Bishop" box="[1073,1286,1793,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Bishop, A. L., McKenzie, H. J., Barchia, I. M. & Harris, A. M. (1995) The effects of habitat on the distribution of Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) during its resting phase. Australian Journal of Zoology, 43, 531 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / zo 9950531" type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Bishop
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FB6DF53DFB3EDB51" box="[1163,1220,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and mate in swarms at sunset (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FE83F51BFD75DB75" author="Campbell" box="[357,655,1828,1853]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Campbell, M. M. & Kettle, D. S. (1979 a) Swarming of Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with reference to markers, swarm size, proximity of cattle, and weather. Australian Journal of Zoology, 27, 17 - 30. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / zo 9790017" type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="a">Campbell & Kettle 1979a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species has been implicated in the transmission of 19 different viruses, including several of economic importance (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FD05F578FC3CDB28" author="Doherty" box="[739,966,1863,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Doherty, R. L., Carley, J. G., Standfast, H. A., Dyce, A. L. & Snowdon, W. A. (1972) Virus strains isolated from arthropods during an epizootic of bovine ephemeral fever in Queensland. Australian Veterinary Journal, 48, 81 - 86. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1751 - 0813.1972. tb 02220. x" type="journal article" year="1972">
|
||
Doherty
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FCAFF576FC79DB28" box="[841,899,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1972
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, St
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FC14F577FB45DB28" author="George" box="[1010,1215,1864,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="St. George, T. D., Standfast, H. A., Christie, D. G., Knott, S. G. & Morgan, I. R. (1977) The epizootiology of bovine ephemeral fever in Australia and Papua-New Guinea. Australian Veterinary Journal, 53, 17 - 28. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1751 - 0813.1977. tb 15812. x" type="journal article" year="1977">
|
||
George
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FBAAF576FB7CDB28" box="[1100,1158,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1977
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FB2BF577FAF2DB28" author="George" box="[1229,1288,1864,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="St. George, T. D., Standfast, H. A. & Cybinski, D. H. (1978) Isolations of Akabane virus from sentinel cattle and Culicoides brevitarsis. Australian Veterinary Journal, 54, 558 - 561. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1751 - 0813.1978. tb 02412. x" type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FAF2F577FAB5DB28" author="George" box="[1300,1359,1864,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="St. George, T. D., Cybinski, D. H., Filippich, C., & Carley, J. G. (1979) The isolation of three Simbu group viruses new to Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science, 57, 581 - 582. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1038 / icb. 1979.60" type="journal article" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FABAF577FA6DDB28" author="George" box="[1372,1431,1864,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="St. George, T. D., Cybinski, D. H., Standfast, H. A., Gard, G. P. & Della-Porta, A. J. (1983) The isolation of five different viruses of the epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer serogroup. Australian Veterinary Journal, 60, 216 - 217. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1751 - 0813.1983. tb 09587. x" type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FF71F554FE98DBCB" author="Muller" box="[151,354,1899,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Muller, M. J., Standfast, H. A., St. George, T. D. & Cybinski, D. H. (1982) Culicoides brevitarsis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as a vector of arboviruses in Australia. Arbovirus Research in Australia, 3, 43 - 49." type="journal article" year="1982">
|
||
Muller
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FF0AF553FEDDDBCB" box="[236,295,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1982
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FE97F554FD40DBCB" author="Zakrewski" box="[369,698,1899,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Zakrewski, H. & Cybinski, D. H. (1984) Isolation of Kimberley virus, a rhabdovirus, from Culicoides brevitarsis. Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science, 62, 779 - 780." type="journal article" year="1984">Zakrewski & Cybinski 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FD2FF553FBE9DBCC" author="Parsonson" box="[713,1043,1899,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Parsonson, I. M. & Snowdon, W. A. (1985) Bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer and related viruses: Current situation in Australia. In: Barber, T. L. & Jochim, M. M., (Eds.), Bluetongue and Related Orbiviruses. A. R. Liss, New York, pp. 27 - 36." type="book chapter" year="1985">Parsonson & Snowdon 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FBC4F554FAF3DBCC" author="Standfast" box="[1058,1289,1899,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Standfast, H. A., Dyce, A. L. & Muller, M. J. (1985) Vectors of bluetongue virus in Australia. Progress in Clinical Biological Research, 178, 177 - 186." type="journal article" year="1985">
|
||
Standfast
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FB75F553FB34DBCB" box="[1171,1230,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1985
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FAF1F554FEDCDBEF" author="Cybinski" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Cybinski, D. H. & Muller, M. J. (1990) Isolation of arboviruses from cattle and insects at two sentinel sites in Queensland, Australia, 1979 - 1985. Australian Journal of Zoology, 38, 25 - 32. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / zo 9900025" type="journal article" year="1990">Cybinski & Muller 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8D0C961623FFDBFF21F58EFF15DFFF" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1623FFDBFF21F58EFD1DDDCC" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2030]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,951]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FF21F58EFEC1DB82" bold="true" box="[199,315,1969,1994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Lee & Reye (1962) suggested the
|
||
<typeStatus id="1B2CE1BF1623FFD8FD20F58EFCD2DB82" box="[710,808,1969,1994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1623FFD8FC26F58DFBA2DB81" box="[960,1112,1969,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1623FFD8FC26F58DFBA2DB81" box="[960,1112,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. brevitarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have been destroyed in the fire at the National Museum of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1623FFD8FDDDF5E9FD67DBA6" box="[571,669,2006,2030]" name="Hungary" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
in Budapest in 1956.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1623FFD8FC40F5EAFB8FDBA5" author="Debenham" box="[934,1141,2005,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Debenham, M. L. (1979) An annotated checklist and bibliography of Australasian Region Ceratopogonidae (Diptera, Nematocera). School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney and Commonwealth Department of Health Monograph Series. Entomology Monograph, 1, xiv + 671 pp." type="book" year="1979">Debenham (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was unable to locate the
|
||
<typeStatus id="1B2CE1BF1620FFDBFF71F2A8FF03DCF8" box="[151,249,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of this species confirming that it was lost in 1956 and prompting
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1620FFDBFB97F2A8FA86DCF8" author="Wirth" box="[1137,1404,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refString="Wirth, W. W. & Hubert, A. A. (1989) Culicoides of Southeast Asia. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute No. 44, Florida, USA, 508 pp." type="book" year="1989">Wirth & Hubert (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to designate a
|
||
<typeStatus id="1B2CE1BF1620FFDBFEF9F283FE82DC9C" box="[287,376,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
using the
|
||
<typeStatus id="1B2CE1BF1620FFDBFE17F283FDB0DC9C" box="[497,586,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFD54F284FCC2DC9B" box="[690,824,187,211]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFD54F284FCC2DC9B" box="[690,824,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. radicitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The designation of an allotype female from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="1B2CE1BF1620FFDBFA8DF283FA61DC9C" box="[1387,1435,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1620FFDBFEE8F2E1FE8EDCBF" box="[270,372,222,247]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
is however, desirable due both to the marked sexual dimorphism in wing pattern of this species and the confusion surrounding the identity of this species in Asia.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1620FFDBFC99F33EFBDBDD52" author="Kieffer" box="[895,1057,257,282]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1917) Chironomides d'Australie conserves au Musee National Hongrois de Budapest. Annales Historico- Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 15, 75 - 228." type="journal article" year="1917">Kieffer (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave only “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1620FFDBFB41F33EFAE8DD52" box="[1191,1298,257,282]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Australie</collectingCountry>
|
||
” as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="1B2CE1BF1620FFDBFA8AF33DFA66DD52" box="[1388,1436,258,282]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality but morphological and genetic analyses of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFD05F31AFC86DD75" box="[739,892,293,317]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFD05F31AFC86DD75" box="[739,892,293,317]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. brevitarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from various localities in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1620FFDBFB49F31BFAEFDD75" box="[1199,1301,292,317]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(this study, Gopurenko
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFEFAF376FEAFDD28" box="[284,341,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
in preparation) has revealed there to be only a single species present indicating that any locality within
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1620FFDBFF03F354FEB1DDCC" box="[229,331,363,388]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
is suitable for an allotype specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1620FFDBFF21F3B1FC8FDF4F" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
|
||
Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFEAEF3B1FE67DDEF" box="[328,413,398,423]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imicola">Imicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFE1FF3B0FD69DDEE" box="[505,659,398,422]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFE1FF3B0FD69DDEE" box="[505,659,398,422]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. brevitarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically most similar to the African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFB5CF3B0FAC4DDEE" box="[1210,1342,398,422]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolitinos">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFB5CF3B0FAC4DDEE" box="[1210,1342,398,422]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. bolitinos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFF38F38DFEADDD81" box="[222,343,434,457]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFF38F38DFEADDD81" box="[222,343,434,457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. asiatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and this grouping is strongly supported by the molecular data. The relative lengths of the first and second dark marking along the costa enables reliable separation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFC60F3EAFBE4DDA5" box="[902,1054,469,493]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFC60F3EAFBE4DDA5" box="[902,1054,469,493]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. brevitarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFBB2F3EAFB2DDDA5" box="[1108,1239,469,493]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolitinos">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFBB2F3EAFB2DDDA5" box="[1108,1239,469,493]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. bolitinos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFAFAF3EAFA6FDDA4" box="[1308,1429,469,492]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFAFAF3EAFA6FDDA4" box="[1308,1429,469,492]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. asiatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but does not enable separation between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFD62F3C7FCDEDE58" box="[644,804,504,528]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFD62F3C7FCDEDE58" box="[644,804,504,528]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. brevitarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFC8CF3C7FC0EDE58" box="[874,1012,504,528]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolitinos">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFC8CF3C7FC0EDE58" box="[874,1012,504,528]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. bolitinos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1620FFDBFBECF3C8FAF6DE58" author="Meiswinkel" box="[1034,1292,503,528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refString="Meiswinkel, R. (1995) Afrotropical Culicoides: biosystematics of the Imicola group, subgenus Avaritia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), with special reference to the epidemiology of African horse sickness. MSc (Agric.) dissertation. University of Pretoria, South Africa, iv + 359 pp." type="book" year="1995">Meiswinkel (1995:31)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
offered the length:width ratio of flagellomeres 4–7 and the absolute length of all flagellomeres of the female antenna as a means of distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFE56F000FDB0DE1E" box="[432,586,574,598]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFE56F000FDB0DE1E" box="[432,586,574,598]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. brevitarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFD74F000FCE5DE1E" box="[658,799,574,598]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFD74F000FCE1DE1E" box="[658,795,574,598]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolitinos">C. bolitinos</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Data for these characters for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFB90F000FB08DE1E" box="[1142,1266,575,598]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFB90F000FB08DE1E" box="[1142,1266,575,598]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. asiatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFAE4F000FA66DE1E" box="[1282,1436,574,598]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFAE4F000FA66DE1E" box="[1282,1436,574,598]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. brevitarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFF2DF05DFEA9DE31" box="[203,339,609,633]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolitinos">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFF2DF05DFEA9DE31" box="[203,339,609,633]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. bolitinos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="89156AA61620FFDBFE81F05EFE3BDE32" box="[359,449,609,634]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,239,908,931]" captionTargetBox="[159,1413,1047,1442]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 6. Ratio of length: width of antennal flagellar segments of females of Culicoides bolitinos, C. brevitarsis and C. asiatica." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/90E80F951629FFD2FF71F1B3FF09DF8B" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" tableUuid="90E80F951629FFD2FF71F1B3FF09DF8B">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
) illustrate that although differences are apparent between the mean values of these characters, the overlap evident between species makes identification of individual specimens unreliable. These three taxa are however, reliably separated using either the COI and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1620FFDBFC45F097FC24DE88" box="[931,990,680,704]" name="Chad" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">CAD</collectingCountry>
|
||
genes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5CAC43981620FFDBFBDEF098FB40DE88" box="[1080,1210,679,704]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 46" captionStart-1="FIGURE 47" captionStart-2="FIGURE 48" captionStartId-0="18.[151,250,1864,1886]" captionStartId-1="19.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionStartId-2="20.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox-0="[274,1317,205,1822]" captionTargetBox-1="[401,1238,202,1790]" captionTargetBox-2="[328,1265,206,1821]" captionTargetId-0="figure@18.[262,1324,193,1843]" captionTargetId-1="figure@19.[391,1243,195,1796]" captionTargetId-2="figure@20.[311,1275,193,1830]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionTargetPageId-2="20" captionText-0="FIGURE 46. Maximum likelihood tree inferred from concatenated CAD & COI sequences at Culicoides species in the Imicola complex and other representative Avaritia. Terminal labels indicate specimen ID and species (Table 7). Tree rooted at C. orientalis. Scale bar = 0.05 substitutions per site. Node support values generated from 1200 replicate ML searches (values <60 % not shown). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis pp supports estimated from 15000 sampled trees are indicated in the tree as circles at nodes, where closed circles represent> 98 % pp and open circles represent 70 – 98 % pp." captionText-1="FIGURE 47. Maximum likelihood tree inferred from COI sequences at Culicoides species in the Imicola complex and other representative Avaritia. Terminal labels indicate specimen ID and species (Table 7). Tree rooted at C. orientalis. Scale bar = 0.05 substitutions per site. Node support values generated from 1200 replicate ML searches (values <60 % not shown). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis pp supports estimated from 15000 sampled trees are indicated in the tree as circles at nodes, where closed circles represent> 98 % pp and open circles represent 70 – 98 % pp. Specimen AY 286329 Culicoides pseudopallidipennis accessed from GenBank." captionText-2="FIGURE 48. Maximum likelihood tree inferred from concatenated CAD sequences at Culicoides species in the Imicola complex and other representative Avaritia. Terminal labels indicate specimen ID and species (Table 7). Tree rooted at C. orientalis. Scale bar = 0.05 substitutions per site. Node support values generated from 1200 replicate ML searches (values <60 % not shown). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis pp supports estimated from 15000 sampled trees are indicated in the tree as circles at nodes, where closed circles represent> 98 % pp and open circles represent 70 – 98 % pp." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/218571/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/218572/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/218573/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 46–48</figureCitation>
|
||
). Despite the closer morphological similarity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFE32F0F4FD96DEAB" box="[468,620,715,739]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFE32F0F4FD96DEAB" box="[468,620,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. brevitarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFD76F0F4FCEEDEAB" box="[656,788,715,739]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolitinos">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFD76F0F4FCEEDEAB" box="[656,788,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. bolitinos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFC96F0F4FC11DEAB" box="[880,1003,715,739]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFC96F0F4FC11DEAB" box="[880,1003,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. asiatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1620FFDBFBD4F0F4FB97DEAB" box="[1074,1133,715,739]" name="Chad" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">CAD</collectingCountry>
|
||
and COI analyses indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFF2EF0D0FEBBDF4E" box="[200,321,751,774]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFF2EF0D0FEBBDF4E" box="[200,321,751,774]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. asiatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the sister species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFDA5F0D0FD21DF4E" box="[579,731,750,774]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFDA5F0D0FD21DF4E" box="[579,731,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. brevitarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5CAC43981620FFDBFD0CF0D1FC93DF4F" box="[746,873,750,775]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 46" captionStart-1="FIGURE 47" captionStart-2="FIGURE 48" captionStartId-0="18.[151,250,1864,1886]" captionStartId-1="19.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionStartId-2="20.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox-0="[274,1317,205,1822]" captionTargetBox-1="[401,1238,202,1790]" captionTargetBox-2="[328,1265,206,1821]" captionTargetId-0="figure@18.[262,1324,193,1843]" captionTargetId-1="figure@19.[391,1243,195,1796]" captionTargetId-2="figure@20.[311,1275,193,1830]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionTargetPageId-2="20" captionText-0="FIGURE 46. Maximum likelihood tree inferred from concatenated CAD & COI sequences at Culicoides species in the Imicola complex and other representative Avaritia. Terminal labels indicate specimen ID and species (Table 7). Tree rooted at C. orientalis. Scale bar = 0.05 substitutions per site. Node support values generated from 1200 replicate ML searches (values <60 % not shown). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis pp supports estimated from 15000 sampled trees are indicated in the tree as circles at nodes, where closed circles represent> 98 % pp and open circles represent 70 – 98 % pp." captionText-1="FIGURE 47. Maximum likelihood tree inferred from COI sequences at Culicoides species in the Imicola complex and other representative Avaritia. Terminal labels indicate specimen ID and species (Table 7). Tree rooted at C. orientalis. Scale bar = 0.05 substitutions per site. Node support values generated from 1200 replicate ML searches (values <60 % not shown). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis pp supports estimated from 15000 sampled trees are indicated in the tree as circles at nodes, where closed circles represent> 98 % pp and open circles represent 70 – 98 % pp. Specimen AY 286329 Culicoides pseudopallidipennis accessed from GenBank." captionText-2="FIGURE 48. Maximum likelihood tree inferred from concatenated CAD sequences at Culicoides species in the Imicola complex and other representative Avaritia. Terminal labels indicate specimen ID and species (Table 7). Tree rooted at C. orientalis. Scale bar = 0.05 substitutions per site. Node support values generated from 1200 replicate ML searches (values <60 % not shown). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis pp supports estimated from 15000 sampled trees are indicated in the tree as circles at nodes, where closed circles represent> 98 % pp and open circles represent 70 – 98 % pp." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/218571/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/218572/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/218573/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 46–48</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1620FFDBFF21F12EFF15DFFF" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
|
||
Although COI analysis suggests that the Chinese specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFC7CF12DFBC9DF61" box="[922,1075,785,809]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFC7CF12DFBC9DF61" box="[922,1075,785,809]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. brevitarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may represent a further cryptic species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5CAC43981620FFDBFF1BF10BFEADDF05" box="[253,343,820,845]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[401,1238,202,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[391,1243,195,1796]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 47. Maximum likelihood tree inferred from COI sequences at Culicoides species in the Imicola complex and other representative Avaritia. Terminal labels indicate specimen ID and species (Table 7). Tree rooted at C. orientalis. Scale bar = 0.05 substitutions per site. Node support values generated from 1200 replicate ML searches (values <60 % not shown). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis pp supports estimated from 15000 sampled trees are indicated in the tree as circles at nodes, where closed circles represent> 98 % pp and open circles represent 70 – 98 % pp. Specimen AY 286329 Culicoides pseudopallidipennis accessed from GenBank." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218572/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
||
), this was not supported by the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1620FFDBFD02F10AFCE5DF05" box="[740,799,821,845]" name="Chad" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">CAD</collectingCountry>
|
||
analysis, which nested these specimens among other genotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1620FFDBFECAF167FE39DF38" box="[300,451,856,880]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1620FFDBFECAF167FE39DF38" box="[300,451,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. brevitarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5CAC43981620FFDBFE35F168FDD9DF38" box="[467,547,855,880]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[328,1265,206,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[311,1275,193,1830]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 48. Maximum likelihood tree inferred from concatenated CAD sequences at Culicoides species in the Imicola complex and other representative Avaritia. Terminal labels indicate specimen ID and species (Table 7). Tree rooted at C. orientalis. Scale bar = 0.05 substitutions per site. Node support values generated from 1200 replicate ML searches (values <60 % not shown). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis pp supports estimated from 15000 sampled trees are indicated in the tree as circles at nodes, where closed circles represent> 98 % pp and open circles represent 70 – 98 % pp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218573/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
) suggesting that the COI division between Chinese and Australasian specimens reflects maternal phylogeographic structuring within the species rather than indicating presence of separate cryptic species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |