278 lines
34 KiB
XML
278 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="30BD79AE7C8CF7F8AF3E1907EF3A8D1C" ID-CLB-Dataset="4808" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3368.1.13" ID-GBIF-Dataset="05cfa689-7e1a-4a32-88e1-4c9240c69f1f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5252507" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629789390832" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Blakemore, Robert J., Park, Tae Seo & Seo, Hong-Yul" docDate="2012" docId="DB7987AFC029FF83308126BDFA99F867" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03368p262.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3368 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3368.1.13" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Amynthas gageodo Blakemore & Park & Seo 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="258" masterDocId="2740FFD7C029FF813016204AFF8CFFBB" masterDocTitle="A new Korean earthworm (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae) *" masterLastPageNumber="262" masterPageNumber="256" pageNumber="256" updateTime="1699142494781" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="E22E05748BB4E3CB46A61221ECF46E11" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="728C3C3FC73CB4E9073EB4A259BF0E80">
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<mods:title id="AABA972A0DEABDE992C557D75FD3D050">A new Korean earthworm (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae) *</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="D10F9CD8C0F7E68A36D01EE2463115D8" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="71098364E5EF768766A025BF824C58B3">
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<mods:roleTerm id="06003B6044CA873363F11D531469DA80">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="18931E1563D381F9249CA71CC9BC7D00">Blakemore, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C7C14465EA8367BDB4A647F424EDECB7">National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Incheon, 404 - 708, Korea.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0E0E31AF3D9A4D83DFB693774B17BD94" type="email">rob.blakemore@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1232AC935824F2DEA01003F85860D542" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0651C98D676639958203D9E99687F215">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B316E56968BF446270AA0F79FDE83486">Park, Tae Seo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3B980C60F61533D88793E3B7595C0779">National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Incheon, 404 - 708, Korea.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="23402B2C8D4C33BFB5B94CB8C0AC8D7D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="17F28B968BB0BD6F44949E3EB3887F89">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="03D0634ED3209FC02A20551837210B59">Seo, Hong-Yul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2F1EC74D41E4E0B08E3CE675A79125B7">National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Incheon, 404 - 708, Korea.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8DFEDBF2A0205A2109D8C85C81F56FC3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9BF4792DB148F33ED98CC7A039628E90">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="52AD52107611DC1B72DC3848A53D751F">
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<mods:date id="24A4B27A603D40EE1568DB97D1B967CD">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3439EC3DCE6FF9C8C045914B74B99F13">2012-07-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="04E967A3214FED63ACB6226AE2F0F82F">3368</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E274E1B5BC78A13A7613CF416A87196B" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C4A42662781398B63CD0B8C8D4921EC6">1</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="9C09FE81F467E8C54CB2D1311EEB43A9">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3368.1.13</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="20B1D6843BF1F56D09DE523456388B65">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6B474040EE29E4E290F4CCF620F5EC6C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3368.1.13</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F6C2E630FD017CBACA13499724C36312" type="GBIF-Dataset">05cfa689-7e1a-4a32-88e1-4c9240c69f1f</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="881F37AC57E4025C1E9B99E6614DB62D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="713466FB4F3387F8C15879F7E126FAD2" type="Zenodo-Dep">5252507</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DB7987AFC029FF83308126BDFA99F867" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5254022" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184943385" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5254022" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB7987AFC029FF83308126BDFA99F867" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB7987AFC029FF83308126BDFA99F867" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="0" pageNumber="256">
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<subSubSection id="1BCA6532C029FF81308126BDFDF5F8AA" box="[151,633,1783,1809]" pageId="0" pageNumber="256" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="536F36B9C029FF81308126BDFDF5F8AA" blockId="0.[151,633,1783,1809]" box="[151,633,1783,1809]" pageId="0" pageNumber="256">
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<heading id="082781D5C029FF81308126BDFDF5F8AA" bold="true" box="[151,633,1783,1809]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="256" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="61A4EAABC029FF81308126BDFDF5F8AA" bold="true" box="[151,633,1783,1809]" pageId="0" pageNumber="256">
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<taxonomicName id="94D04D3AC029FF81308126BDFD82F8AA" authority="Blakemore" authorityName="Blakemore & Park & Seo" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,526,1783,1809]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="0" pageNumber="256" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gageodo" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="61A4EAABC029FF81308126BDFEF1F8AA" bold="true" box="[151,381,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="256">Amynthas gageodo</emphasis>
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Blakemore
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7A9757D0C029FF81320D26BDFDF5F8AA" box="[539,633,1783,1809]" pageId="0" pageNumber="256" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="1BCA6532C029FF8130812777FC94F879" pageId="0" pageNumber="256" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="536F36B9C029FF8130812777FC94F879" blockId="0.[151,1436,1853,1986]" pageId="0" pageNumber="256">
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<emphasis id="61A4EAABC029FF8130812777FE9FF8ED" bold="true" box="[151,275,1853,1878]" pageId="0" pageNumber="256">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Size
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||
<quantity id="94289B5CC029FF81314B2774FE77F8ED" box="[349,507,1854,1878]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="160.0" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="150.0">150–170 mm</quantity>
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. Spermathecal pores lateral in 5/6/7/8/9. Dorsal pores from 12/13. Genital markings as closely paired, mid-ventral, presetal discs in 8–10, 11 and in 17, 18–20 plus more widely paired postsetal discs in 8–9 and 18–19, 20 (total numbering up to twenty six with some markings unpaired unilateral, or all more widely paired). Intestinal caeca simple from 27.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="07AF6631C028FF80308127DAFE95F850" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5252509" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5252509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5252509/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="257" startId="1.[151,248,1936,1959]" targetBox="[415,1237,183,1895]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="536F36B9C028FF80308127DAFE95F850" blockId="1.[151,1436,1936,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis id="61A4EAABC028FF80308127DAFE9CF81C" bold="true" box="[151,272,1936,1959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="257">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="94D04D3AC028FF80310027DBFE5BF81C" authority="Blakemore & Park & Seo, 2012" authorityName="Blakemore & Park & Seo" authorityYear="2012" box="[278,471,1937,1959]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="1" pageNumber="257" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gageodo" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="61A4EAABC028FF80310027DBFE5BF81C" box="[278,471,1937,1959]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="257">Amynthas gageodo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="61A4EAABC028FF8031CB27DBFDA0F81D" bold="true" box="[477,556,1937,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="257">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7A9757D0C028FF8031CB27DBFDA0F81D" box="[477,556,1937,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="257" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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, holotype showing prostomium, ventral view of body with spermathecae and prostates
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<emphasis id="61A4EAABC028FF80359F27D8FF37F873" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="257">in situ</emphasis>
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(genital markings nearby), posterior pygidium, and intestinal caecum in 27; plus an enlargement of 6lhs (left-hand-side) spermatheca.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="1BCA6532C02BFF8330D120DDFF6BFF6F" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="536F36B9C02BFF8330D120DDFF6BFF6F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">
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<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF8330D120DDFEEEFF0B" bold="true" box="[199,354,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Distribution:</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="2BC77629C02BFF83317F20DDFE74FF14" box="[361,504,151,175]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">South Korea</collectingCountry>
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, Gageo-do Island, on slopes of Mt Doksil (
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||
<geoCoordinate id="36E4507EC02BFF8333CD20DDFB0DFF14" box="[987,1153,151,175]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="4" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" precision="1" seconds="32.73" value="34.075756">34° 4' 32.73 N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="36E4507EC02BFF83349A20DDFAB0FF14" box="[1164,1340,151,175]" degrees="125" direction="east" minutes="6" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" precision="1" seconds="31.88" value="125.10886">125° 6' 31.88 E</geoCoordinate>
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; summit
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<quantity id="94289B5CC02BFF83308120F6FF57FF6F" box="[151,219,188,212]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.39" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" unit="m" value="639.0">639m</quantity>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="1BCA6532C02BFF8330D12095FE91FE4F" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="536F36B9C02BFF8330D12095FE91FE4F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">
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||
<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF8330D12095FE3EFF43" bold="true" box="[199,434,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Material inspected:</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="E3B83CE4C02BFF8331AA2095FA14FEA7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3338233301" collectingDate="2011-07-27" collectionCode="NIBR, T" collectorName="Dr H. - Y. & S. Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" specimenCode="IV0000245037" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="8C6B881BC02BFF8331AA2095FDA8FF4C" box="[444,548,223,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(H),
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<collectionCode id="35C1AE7CC02BFF83327320AAFD24FF4C" box="[613,680,224,247]" country="South Korea" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r4iq-k5jx" name="National Institute of Biological Resources" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">NIBR</collectionCode>
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||
<specimenCode id="03769EC2C02BFF8332A42095FCD2FF4C" box="[690,862,223,247]" collectionCode="NIBR" country="South Korea" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r4iq-k5jx" name="National Institute of Biological Resources" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">IV0000245037</specimenCode>
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, mature specimen fixed in formalin and stored in 70% ethanol (EtOH), here dissected and figured (
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<figureCitation id="CBEB2A3CC02BFF8332C5214EFC9BFEA7" box="[723,791,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,248,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[415,1237,183,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-54@1.[346,1243,145,1927]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amynthas gageodo sp. nov., holotype showing prostomium, ventral view of body with spermathecae and prostates in situ (genital markings nearby), posterior pygidium, and intestinal caecum in 27; plus an enlargement of 6lhs (left-hand-side) spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5252509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5252509/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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), collected
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||
<date id="276E1079C02BFF8333B7214EFBA4FEA7" box="[929,1064,260,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" value="2011-07-27">
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||
<collectingDate id="372AE991C02BFF8333B7214EFBA4FEA7" box="[929,1064,260,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" value="2011-07-27">27.VII.2011</collectingDate>
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</date>
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by
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<collectorName id="FE25536FC02BFF83344E214EFB30FEA0" box="[1112,1212,260,283]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Dr H.-Y.</collectorName>
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Seo and
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<collectionCode id="35C1AE7CC02BFF83353D214EFAB3FEA7" box="[1323,1343,260,284]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">T</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectorName id="FE25536FC02BFF833555214EFA14FEA7" box="[1347,1432,260,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">S. Park</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation id="E3B83CE4C02BFF8330812162FE95FE4F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3338233302" collectingDate="2011-09-26" collectionCode="NIBR, T" collectorName="Dr H. - Y. & S. Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="8C6B881BC02BFF8330812162FF75FEFB" box="[151,249,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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(P1), IV0000245038, undissected mature, highly contracted after fixation in 100% EtOH, with a small tissue sample taken for DNA amplification and COI barcoding analysis, collection details as for H; P2, IV0000245039, ditto P1; P3, IV0000245040, ditto P1; P4, IV0000245041, undissected mature specimen with irregular annuli in segments 19 and 20, in same batch as
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<typeStatus id="8C6B881BC02BFF83332D21DEFC11FE17" box="[827,925,404,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(H); P5–P11, IV0000245042, seven mature specimens fixed in formalin in a separate jar with same collection information except that collection date was
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<date id="276E1079C02BFF8330812196FE95FE4F" box="[151,281,476,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" value="2011-09-26">
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<collectingDate id="372AE991C02BFF8330812196FE95FE4F" box="[151,281,476,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" value="2011-09-26">26.IX.2011</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="1BCA6532C02BFF8330D1224AFDFFFDE4" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="536F36B9C02BFF8330D1224AFDFFFDE4" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">
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<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF8330D1224AFEDDFDA3" bold="true" box="[199,337,512,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Etymology:</emphasis>
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Noun in apposition after the Island’s current name (previously Gaga-do meaning “Beautiful Island” also called Soheuksan-do or Little Heuksan Island from the Japanese colonial period; since 1896 it is known as Gageo-do or “Liveable Island”).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1BCA6532C02BFF8330D12221FD1AFB53" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" type="description">
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<paragraph id="536F36B9C02BFF8330D12221FBD7FC1F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">
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||
<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF8330D12221FED6FD3F" bold="true" box="[199,346,619,644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Body length
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<quantity id="94289B5CC02BFF8331E52226FDDCFD38" box="[499,592,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="155.0">155 mm</quantity>
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||
(
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<typeStatus id="8C6B881BC02BFF8332492226FD4FFD3F" box="[607,707,620,644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
H), ca.
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||
<quantity id="94289B5CC02BFF8333082226FC3EFD38" box="[798,946,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="160.0" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="150.0">150–170 mm</quantity>
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C6B881BC02BFF8333AC2226FBA4FD3F" box="[954,1064,620,644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
, segments 91 (H). In life, a dark greyish-brown; preserved, dorsum dark grey to ca. 23 then brown with lighter grey clitellum and paler ventrum. First dorsal pore 12/13. Setae 66–74 per segment behind segment 12 (H, P1). Spermathecal pores ca. 0.3 circumference apart in 5/6/7/8/9. Genital markings closely paired mid-ventral and presetal disks in 8–9,10,11 and in 17,18–19,20 plus more widely paired and postsetal in 8–9 and 18–19,20; thus usually eight or more in both spermathecal and male fields, with some markings unpaired, unilateral; occasionally all presetal markings in 8–10 paired as widely as the postsetal ones in 8–9 e.g. in P2 and one of
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||
<typeStatus id="8C6B881BC02BFF83336F230EFC68FCE7" box="[889,996,836,860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
P5–11. Maximum markings per worm were twenty-four in one of the latter
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C6B881BC02BFF83322E2322FD2FFC3B" box="[568,675,872,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="94289B5CC02BFF8332A5232DFC9EFCC4" box="[691,786,871,895]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 mm</quantity>
|
||
long posterior-amputee) that had two unilateral markings (in 8 and 20), thus indicating potentially thirteen pairs or twenty-six markings in total.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="536F36B9C02BFF8330D123E5FD1AFB53" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Internally, small sessile glands correspond to the external genital markings. Other accessory glands found neither in spermathecal nor male fields. The pharyngeal mass extends to 4 and tufted meroic nephridia are in forests on anterior of 5/6 and 6/7. Septa none especially thickened, 8/9/10 are aborted; 10/11/12/13 are slightly stronger, thereafter membranous. Spermathecae in 6–9 with slender, clavate diverticula (terminal bulbs inseminated) each about half the length of the duct plus saccular ampulla combined. Dorsal vessel single; hearts in 10–13. Testis in small sacs, paired anteriorly in 10 and 11; seminal vesicles moderately large in 11 and 12; pseudovesicles on posterior of 12/13 and 13/14 (the latter possibly vestigial ovisacs). Ovaries and funnels in 13. Intestine origin in 16 with simple caeca from 27 extending forward to 24; typhlosole not found. Gut contains organic debris suggesting a detritivorous diet.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1BCA6532C02BFF8330D124BEFA99F867" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="536F36B9C02BFF8330D124BEFC32F907" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF8330D124BEFEB1FAB7" bold="true" box="[199,317,1268,1292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The current species appears particularly close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94D04D3AC02BFF83336924BEFA87FAB7" authority="(Goto & Hatai, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Goto & Hatai" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[895,1291,1268,1292]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carnosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF83336924BEFB8AFAB7" box="[895,1030,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">A. carnosus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37414B48C02BFF83340E24BEFA8EFAB7" author="Goto, S. & Hatai, S." box="[1048,1282,1268,1292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" pagination="13 - 24" refId="ref3050" refString="Goto, S. & Hatai, S. (1899) New or imperfectly known species of earthworms. No. 2. Annotations Zoologicae Japonensis, 3 (1), 13 - 24." type="journal article" year="1899">Goto & Hatai, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BC77629C02BFF83354324BEFA1BFAB0" box="[1365,1431,1268,1291]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BC77629C02BFF8330812552FF57FA94" box="[151,219,1304,1327]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and probably
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2BC77629C02BFF8331682552FE4DFA8B" box="[382,449,1304,1328]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
which is itself comparable to Chinese
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94D04D3AC02BFF83336F2552FB38FA8B" authority="(Stephenson, 1925)" baseAuthorityName="Stephenson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[889,1204,1304,1328]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF83336F2552FC5EFA94" box="[889,978,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">A. pingi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37414B48C02BFF8333F42552FB20FA8B" author="Stephenson, J." box="[994,1196,1304,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" pagination="879 - 907" refId="ref3673" refString="Stephenson, J. (1925) Oligochaeta from various regions, including those collected by the Mount Everest Expedition 1924. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 95 (3), 879 - 907." type="journal article" year="1925">Stephenson, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that is provisionally maintained separately as per
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37414B48C02BFF8331CB2576FD2FFAEF" author="Blakemore, R. J." box="[477,675,1340,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" refId="ref2489" refString="Blakemore, R. J. (2002) Cosmopolitan Earthworms - an Eco-Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. VermEcology, Canberra, 586 pp." type="book" year="2002">Blakemore (2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37414B48C02BFF8332B82576FD79FAEF" author="Blakemore, R. J." box="[686,757,1340,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" pagination="241 - 244" refId="ref2519" refString="Blakemore, R. J. (2003 a) Japanese earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta): a review and checklist of species. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, 3 (3), 241 - 244." type="journal article" year="2003">2003a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37414B48C02BFF8333172576FCC6FAEF" author="Blakemore, R. J." box="[769,842,1340,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref2559" refString="Blakemore, R. J. (2003 b) Japanese earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta): a review and checklist of species. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, Electronic Supplement 2003 - 11, 1 - 43. Available from http: // www. senckenberg. de / odes / 03 - 11. htm." type="journal article" year="2003">2003b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37414B48C02BFF8333402576FC1DFAEF" author="Blakemore, R. J." box="[854,913,1340,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" refId="ref2619" refString="Blakemore, R. J. (2008) Korean earthworm species - updated checklist. In: N. Kaneko & M. T. Ito (Eds.) A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - Supplemental. COE Soil Ecology Research Group, Yokohama National University, Japan. Available from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm /." type="url" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37414B48C02BFF83338A2576FC68FAEF" author="Blakemore, R. J." box="[924,996,1340,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" refId="ref2736" refString="Blakemore, R. J. (2010 b) Cosmopolitan Earthworms - an Eco-Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. (4 th Edn.). VermEcology, Yokohama, 1,200 pp." type="book" year="2010">2010b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37414B48C02BFF8333E62576FBA1FAEF" author="Blakemore, R. J." box="[1008,1069,1340,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" pagination="35 - 43" refId="ref2774" refString="Blakemore, R. J. (2012) Amynthas carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) redescribed on its neotype (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae). Journal of Species Research 1 (1), 35 - 43." type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37414B48C02BFF8334512576FA9BFAEF" author="Kobayashi, S." box="[1095,1303,1340,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" pagination="115 - 138" refId="ref3346" refString="Kobayashi, S. (1936 a) Distribution and some external characteristics of Pheretima (Ph.) carnosa (Goto et Hatai) from Korea. The Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Fourth Series (Biology), 11 (1), 115 - 138." type="journal article" year="1936">Kobayashi (1936a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied two Japanese specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94D04D3AC02BFF8331B4252AFDA4FAC3" baseAuthorityName="Goto & Hatai" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[418,552,1376,1400]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carnosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF8331B4252AFDA4FAC3" box="[418,552,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">A. carnosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sent with tacit agreement of S. Hatai, the original author) plus 204 Korean specimens having variations of up to eight markings in some of 7,8–9 and six or fewer in 18–19.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37414B48C02BFF8334DD25CEFA10FA27" author="Kobayashi, S." box="[1227,1436,1412,1436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" pagination="115 - 138" refId="ref3346" refString="Kobayashi, S. (1936 a) Distribution and some external characteristics of Pheretima (Ph.) carnosa (Goto et Hatai) from Korea. The Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Fourth Series (Biology), 11 (1), 115 - 138." type="journal article" year="1936">Kobayashi (1936a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also placed his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94D04D3AC02BFF83315025E2FD6BFA7B" authority="Kobayashi, 1934" authorityName="Kobayashi" authorityYear="1934" box="[326,743,1448,1472]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kyamikia">
|
||
<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF83315025E2FDAFFA7B" box="[326,547,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Pheretima kyamikia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37414B48C02BFF83323D25E2FD6BFA7B" author="Kobayashi, S." box="[555,743,1448,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref3301" refString="Kobayashi, S. (1934) Three new Korean earthworms belonging to the genus Pheretima, together with the wider range of the distribution of Pheretima hilgendorfi (Michaelsen). Journal of Chosen Natural History Society, 19, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1934">
|
||
Kobayashi,
|
||
<quantity id="94289B5CC02BFF8332A625E2FD6BFA7B" box="[688,743,1448,1472]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.91236" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" unit="in" value="1934.0">1934</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in synonymy as soon as this became apparent – as any good scientist would – and he considered the genital marking variations he encountered encompassed those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94D04D3AC02BFF83352A2586FA19FA5F" baseAuthorityName="Stephenson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[1340,1429,1484,1508]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF83352A2586FA19FA5F" box="[1340,1429,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">A. pingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Indeed,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37414B48C02BFF8330FB25BAFE3DF9B3" author="Chen, Y." box="[237,433,1520,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" pagination="177 - 296" refId="ref2929" refString="Chen, Y. (1933) A preliminary survey of the earthworms of the Lower Yangtze Valley. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 9 (6), 177 - 296." type="journal article" year="1933">Chen (1933: 231)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had allowed papillae as rarely absent or one to three pairs (occasionally up to five pairs in total) near male and spermathecal pores in his concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94D04D3AC02BFF833330265EFCF2F997" baseAuthorityName="Stephenson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[806,894,1556,1580]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF833330265EFCF2F997" box="[806,894,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">A. pingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while having fourteen or fewer markings seems permissible for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94D04D3AC02BFF8331572672FE4FF9EB" baseAuthorityName="Goto & Hatai" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[321,451,1592,1616]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carnosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF8331572672FE4FF9EB" box="[321,451,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">A. carnosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
proper (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37414B48C02BFF8332082672FD55F9EB" author="Blakemore, R. J." box="[542,729,1592,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" pagination="35 - 43" refId="ref2774" refString="Blakemore, R. J. (2012) Amynthas carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) redescribed on its neotype (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae). Journal of Species Research 1 (1), 35 - 43." type="journal article" year="2012">Blakemore 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94D04D3AC02BFF8333612672FC7BF9EB" authorityName="Blakemore & Park & Seo" authorityYear="2012" box="[887,1015,1592,1616]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gageodo">
|
||
<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF8333612672FC7BF9EB" box="[887,1015,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">A. gageodo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
markings may total up to twenty-six, with eight to twelve preclitellar markings and a similar number and arrangement in the corresponding postclitellar male pore region. On this feature alone, it is considered a species new to science with unambiguous objective confirmation provided via DNA COI barcoding of its
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C6B881BC02BFF8332E226EEFCA3F907" box="[756,815,1700,1724]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">types</typeStatus>
|
||
(Appendix).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="536F36B9C02BFF8330D1268DFE86F82F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF8330D1268DFDEEF95B" bold="true" box="[199,610,1735,1760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Habitat and Species Associations:</emphasis>
|
||
Humid litter layer of dense silver magnolia (
|
||
<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF8334652682FB6CF95B" box="[1139,1248,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Magnolia</emphasis>
|
||
sp.) and sloumi (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94D04D3AC02BFF8330B626A6FE7CF8BF" box="[160,496,1772,1796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Daphniphyllaceae" genus="Daphniphyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macropodum">
|
||
<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF8330B626A6FE7CF8BF" box="[160,496,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Daphniphyllum macropodum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) evergreen forest. Terrestrial leeches were identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94D04D3AC02BFF8334B826A6FAC3F8B8" box="[1198,1359,1772,1796]" class="Clitellata" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF8334B826A6FAACF8BF" box="[1198,1312,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Orobdella</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while unidentified earthworm-feeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94D04D3AC02BFF83321B275AFD2CF89C" box="[525,672,1808,1832]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Bipalium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF83321B275AFDF8F893" box="[525,628,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Bipalium</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
planaria were also present (specimens in NIBR). Lizards were common on site and the island has an abundant avifauna (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37414B48C02BFF833321277EFB8BF8F7" author="Anonymous" box="[823,1031,1844,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" refId="ref2365" refString="Anonymous. (2010) Conservation of the Avian Biodiversity of Gageo Island, Shinan County, South Jeolla Province: a Summary Overview. Birds Korea, Busan, the Republic of Korea. Available from: http: // www. birdskorea. org / Habitats / Other / Gageodo / BK-HA-Gageodo-Conservation-Avian-Biodiversity. shtml." type="url" year="2010">Anonymous 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), both groups likely predators. An
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94D04D3AC02BFF8330812712FE9DF8D4" box="[151,273,1880,1903]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Lessoniaceae" genus="Eisenia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Laminariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF8330812712FF67F8D4" box="[151,235,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Eisenia</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lumbricid, possibly an introduced species that is to be described elsewhere, was found sympatrically on the island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="536F36B9C02BFF8330D127D5FA99F867" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="61A4EAABC02BFF8330D127D5FEC0F803" bold="true" box="[199,332,1951,1976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Behaviour:</emphasis>
|
||
Rapid ‘snaking’ escape movement when its litter habitat is disturbed. Evidence from a later NIBR survey in 2012 indicates that this worm enters some form of diapause during the coldest winter period.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |