509 lines
54 KiB
XML
509 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="85CBE98AF76621C22E520085768A0D8A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3641.5.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8c4f5615-7ec8-41a5-8a62-4b8e0b3bf4f3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="216777" ID-ZooBank="26AEC7D3-F26F-4313-845C-7A199A9612FA" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460596691561" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kula, Robert R." docDate="2013" docId="BF734D71F047EC6CE9E7FEADFE12F92A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03641p523.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3641 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Braconidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="505" masterDocId="434A3509F044EC68E970FFC3FFE2FFF5" masterDocTitle="A new species and new distribution records for Braconidae from Mountain Lake Biological Station in southwestern Virginia and a redescription of Pentapleura foveolata Viereck" masterLastPageNumber="523" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="504" updateTime="1698326925463" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="D8F8B2848DBBA5D94573928B9C62BF65" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="42BC5933855EF8AD02F3C9BB6BC146D0">
|
||
<mods:title id="0E1E9080954A630B53A7559A3DBC1428">A new species and new distribution records for Braconidae from Mountain Lake Biological Station in southwestern Virginia and a redescription of Pentapleura foveolata Viereck</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="45C5EF9C56FCE4AB313564BDD4AE28D6" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8FC68C8DE210B125A2E6BE135D1BF4B2">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="85691DBFFE4855733EB930957748B4C3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6EC4366E88545B0E7628184C028A1881">Kula, Robert R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="AB431A00091800232F69E3ECBA979937">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="597552910A4E6667C911FA66B6681D2B" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="01BEAF5966B36C83AB661C2C7F6736AE">
|
||
<mods:title id="20BC8FB2AF274025F7CA6016C70D8D32">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="6F9167C5C16B992EBC093820B81EC50A">
|
||
<mods:date id="B14B3C50D86978874C707E678021887E">2013</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="9E216AEFB12B37980CFD6724F4D42B3E" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="3E4C74DDDAECAF71FF0F588A28A9BF7A">3641</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A7A6AA28EBF84105DE6115CD58975A1B" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="9A5483B4202D923275385EA4DCC8B1DA">5</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="EA3032A0D966E554150E211FACE83B4A" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="FBAF6BD5951D0BA6CE2A9FA0983061FD">501</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="DC7BBEE12E0214BB15E379418862855F">523</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="A8FFD761AB6807C0088B570A064EEDF7">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0197E09373B02560592F1CB5BDA60619" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3641.5.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4B2DE2E172286B754EBADFE8ED27BF45" type="GBIF-Dataset">8c4f5615-7ec8-41a5-8a62-4b8e0b3bf4f3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="58665B7CA3F955DAE3269519876B33BF" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E1B57E488B14221136B3559847E34216" type="Zenodo-Dep">216777</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E3EE8ACA39532D910E735E6326CA16A4" type="ZooBank">26AEC7D3-F26F-4313-845C-7A199A9612FA</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="BF734D71F047EC6CE9E7FEADFE12F92A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6157472" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119566940" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6157472" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF734D71F047EC6CE9E7FEADFE12F92A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF734D71F047EC6CE9E7FEADFE12F92A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="505" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<subSubSection id="7FC0AFECF047EC6CE9E7FEADFE12F92A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="505" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="3765FC67F047EC6BE9E7FEADFD10FE7D" blockId="3.[151,754,366,392]" box="[151,754,366,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<heading id="6C2D4B0BF047EC6BE9E7FEADFD10FE7D" bold="true" box="[151,754,366,392]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BE9E7FEADFD10FE7D" bold="true" box="[151,754,366,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BE9E7FEADFEC4FE7D" ID-CoL="7D4" ID-ENA="7402" box="[151,294,366,392]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Mountain Lake Biological Station
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3765FC67F047EC6BE9E7FE76FB08FBC4" blockId="3.[151,1437,437,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
|
||
Seventy-four species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BE8DEFE76FDCFFE38" box="[430,557,437,461]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known from MLBS (Table 1). This includes 13 species from Milne and Milne (1944); only one of those species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEB1FFE1AFC15FE04" authority="Provancher" authorityName="Provancher" box="[623,1015,473,497]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Austrozele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEB1FFE1AFCBAFE04" box="[623,856,473,497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Austrozele uniformis</emphasis>
|
||
(Provancher)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was collected through this research. The 14 species listed in Milne and Milne (1944) currently constitute 13 due to subsequent nomenclatural changes. The eight species in Milne and Milne (1944) identified to genus and listed as morphospecies only were not included in Table 1 because they were not available for comparison with specimens from this research. Seven hundred and forty-five specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEB4BFDAAFD58FD74" box="[571,698,617,641]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected through sampling carried out in this research and represented 62 of the 74 braconid species known from MLBS. Not included in Table 1 were
|
||
<specimenCount id="21DC37EEF047EC6BED8FFD4EFA7EFD50" box="[1279,1436,653,677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" type="generic">49 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
determined as Alysiini (n=3),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEB7AFD72FD3CFD3C" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday" box="[522,734,689,713]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Chorebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEB7AFD72FD94FD3C" box="[522,630,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Chorebus</emphasis>
|
||
Haliday
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n=1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEA33FD72FBF5FD3C" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday" box="[835,1047,689,713]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ephedrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEA33FD72FC4CFD3C" box="[835,942,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Ephedrus</emphasis>
|
||
Haliday
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n=1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BED0BFD72FAECFD3C" authority="Nees" authorityName="Nees" box="[1147,1294,689,713]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Blacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BED0BFD72FB25FD3C" box="[1147,1223,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Blacus</emphasis>
|
||
Nees
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n=1), and Microgastrinae (n=43) but not sorted into morphospecies because they are either males or damaged. Of the 62 species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BE987FD3AFE80FCE4" box="[247,354,761,785]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Alysiinae">Alysiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BE8EDFD3AFE14FCE4" box="[413,502,761,785]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Opiinae">Opiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
were the two richest subfamilies, with 22 and nine species, respectively. Thus, at least 31 of the 62 species are parasitoids of cyclorrhaphous flies (Wharton 1997a, b).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BED2DFCDEFB3FFCC0" box="[1117,1245,797,821]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Doryctinae">Doryctinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BED98FCDEFA8AFCC0" box="[1256,1384,797,821]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aphidiinae">Aphidiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Microgastrinae were the next highest subfamilies in terms of richness, with six, five, and four species, respectively. Aphidiines are exclusively parasitoids of aphids (van Achterberg 1997a), doryctines are primarily parasitoids of wood-boring beetle larvae (Marsh 1997), and microgastrines are exclusively parasitoids of lepidopteran larvae (Whitfield 1997). The remaining 16 species represent nine subfamilies with no more than three species per subfamily. Six of those species are from the subfamilies Cheloninae (3), Macrocentrinae (2), and Orgilinae (1) and thus are parasitoids of lepidopterans (van Achterberg 1997b; Shaw 1997; Wharton 1997c). Considering those species along with the microgastrines, at least 10 of the 62 species are parasitoids of lepidopterans.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3765FC67F047EC6BE9B7FBFDFC24FA6C" blockId="3.[151,1437,437,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
|
||
An undetermined species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEB69FBFDFD09FBA0" authority="Forster" authorityName="Forster" box="[537,747,1086,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Dinotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEB69FBFDFD73FBA0" box="[537,657,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Dinotrema</emphasis>
|
||
Förster
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the most abundant (n=301) (Table 1) followed by an undetermined species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BE8CDFBA2FD2BFB8C" authority="Ratzeburg" authorityName="Ratzeburg" box="[445,713,1121,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Orthostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BE8CDFBA2FDA9FB8C" box="[445,587,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Orthostigma</emphasis>
|
||
Ratzeburg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n=113). Those two species alone accounted for 56% of the specimens collected through this research.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEBF4FB46FC33FB68" authority="Wharton" authorityName="Wharton" box="[644,977,1157,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cratospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neocirce">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEBF4FB46FC87FB68" box="[644,869,1157,1181]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Cratospila neocirce</emphasis>
|
||
Wharton
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n=45) and an undetermined species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BE9E7FB6AFEA9FB34" authority="Forster" authorityName="Forster" box="[151,331,1193,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aspilota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BE9E7FB6AFF16FB34" box="[151,244,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Aspilota</emphasis>
|
||
Förster
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n=44) were also abundant relative to the other species collected. Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEDC1FB6AFAECFB34" box="[1201,1294,1193,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aspilota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEDC1FB6AFAECFB34" box="[1201,1294,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Aspilota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEC6CFB69FA76FB34" box="[1308,1428,1194,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Dinotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEC6CFB69FA76FB34" box="[1308,1428,1194,1217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Dinotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BE9B7FB0EFEB6FB10" box="[199,340,1229,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Orthostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BE9B7FB0EFEB6FB10" box="[199,340,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Orthostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are primarily parasitoids of flies in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEA16FB0EFC2EFB10" box="[870,972,1229,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and their hosts are often associated with fungi (Wharton 1997a; Yu
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BE8B8FB31FDE3FAFC" box="[456,513,1265,1289]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005). Given the high diversity of fungi at MLBS and its environs (Linder 1937; Meyer 1943; Graff 1947; Miller 1965), and at the sites sampled (especially Hunter’s Branch, R. Kula pers. obs.), it is likely that species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BE8CAFAFAFDF5FAA4" box="[442,535,1337,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aspilota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BE8CAFAFAFDF5FAA4" box="[442,535,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Aspilota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEB5AFAF9FD40FAA4" box="[554,674,1338,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Dinotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEB5AFAF9FD40FAA4" box="[554,674,1338,1361]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Dinotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEB9BFAFAFC9BFAA4" box="[747,889,1337,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Orthostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEB9BFAFAFC9BFAA4" box="[747,889,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Orthostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected through this research attack phorids associated with fungi. Host use is unknown for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEA57FA9EFC17FA80" authority="Forster" authorityName="Forster" box="[807,1013,1373,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cratospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEA57FA9EFC7DFA80" box="[807,927,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Cratospila</emphasis>
|
||
Förster
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wharton 1997a; Yu
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BED9AFA9DFAC1FA80" box="[1258,1315,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005). No more than
|
||
<specimenCount id="21DC37EEF047EC6BE87EFA42FE44FA6C" box="[270,422,1409,1433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" type="generic">17 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
were collected for any of the remaining species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3765FC67F047EC6CE9B7FA66FD79FD71" blockId="3.[151,1437,437,2009]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,1760]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="505" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BE803FA66FDFBFA48" authority="Nees" authorityName="Nees" box="[371,537,1445,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BE803FA66FE31FA48" box="[371,467,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Spathius</emphasis>
|
||
Nees
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from MLBS could not be identified reliably to species despite a recently published review that included a key to species in North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4FCDBCF7F047EC6BEA60FA0AFC92FA14" box="[784,880,1481,1505]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Marsh & Strazanac 2009). Species are separated in couplet 3 of the key based on malar space length “at least 3/4 eye height” compared to “at most 1/2 eye height.” The malar space:eye height ratios for the two MLBS specimens considered a species near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEDC9F9D2FEE4F9B8" authority="Matthews" authorityName="Matthews" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calligaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEDC9F9D2FA7EF9DC" box="[1209,1436,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Spathius calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
Matthews
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are 0.55 and 0.48. They were taken through both options of couplet 3 and best fit the couplets following malar space length “at most 1/2 eye height.” Both specimens passed easily to couplet 8, where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEC4CF99AFE56F960" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipetiolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEC4CF99AFEDDF960" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Spathius longipetiolatus</emphasis>
|
||
Ashmead
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was differentiated from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEAEDF9BEFC1CF960" box="[925,1022,1661,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEAEDF9BEFC1CF960" box="[925,1022,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Spathius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on a “smooth and polished” scutellar disc. However, the scutellar disc transitions, anteriorly to posteriorly, from smooth to coriaceous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BECF7F961FEDDF928" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipetiolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BECF7F961FA77F94C" box="[1415,1429,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BE9E7F906FEDDF928" box="[151,319,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">longipetiolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E86142C5F047EC6BEBFBF906FD10F928" box="[651,754,1733,1757]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="E86142C5F047EC6BEA59F906FC26F928" box="[809,964,1733,1757]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Therefore, other features must be used to differentiate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BE85DF929FE1AF8F4" box="[301,504,1769,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipetiolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BE85DF929FED9F8F4" box="[301,315,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BE820F92AFE1AF8F4" box="[336,504,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">longipetiolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from congeners. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="E86142C5F047EC6BEA79F92AFC92F8F4" box="[777,880,1769,1793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEAD3F929FB8FF8F4" box="[931,1133,1769,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipetiolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEAD3F929FC53F8F4" box="[931,945,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEAB5F92AFB8FF8F4" box="[965,1133,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">longipetiolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is missing the head and metasoma, and the wings and legs are damaged. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="E86142C5F047EC6BEB97F8CEFC9CF8D0" box="[743,894,1805,1829]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is missing the wings and metasoma, and the rest of the specimen is damaged and covered with debris. This makes equivocal identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEDA4F8F1FA7EF8BC" box="[1236,1436,1841,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipetiolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEDA4F8F1FB00F8BC" box="[1236,1250,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BED84F8F2FA7EF8BC" box="[1268,1436,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">longipetiolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extremely difficult. The vertex of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E86142C5F047EC6BEB3EF896FD07F898" box="[590,741,1877,1901]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is almost entirely obscured but clearly strigate compared to entirely smooth in the MLBS
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BE894F8B9FE10F864" box="[484,498,1914,1937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">S</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. nr.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEB3AF8BAFD20F864" box="[586,706,1913,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calligaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEB3AF8BAFD20F864" box="[586,706,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens. Therefore, I do not consider them conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BECF7F8B9FEDDF840" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipetiolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BECF7F8B9FA77F864" box="[1415,1429,1914,1937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BE9E7F85EFEDDF840" box="[151,319,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">longipetiolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. If both specimens are keyed to couplet 9, they fit
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEA0BF85DFBEDF840" box="[891,1039,1949,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calligaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEA0BF85DFC6BF840" box="[891,905,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEAE7F85EFBEDF840" box="[919,1039,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that forewing 1CU and 2CU are interstitial; they differ in that t4 is smooth (“acinose” in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F047EC6BEA7AF801FC7CF82C" box="[778,926,1985,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calligaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEA7AF801FCFAF82C" box="[778,792,1986,2009]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F047EC6BEA56F802FC7CF82C" box="[806,926,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
per Marsh & Strazanac 2009), and the lateral margin of t2+t3 is sharp at the base only (“sharp and distinct” along entire length in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CED19FF5BFB1DFF45" box="[1129,1279,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calligaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CED19FF5BFB95FF5A" box="[1129,1143,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEDF7FF5BFB1DFF45" box="[1159,1279,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
per Marsh & Strazanac 2009). If both specimens are keyed to couplet 10, they differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEA8DFF7FFAC0FF21" authority="Matthews" authorityName="Matthews" box="[1021,1314,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evansi">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEA8DFF7FFB4FFF21" box="[1021,1197,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Spathius evansi</emphasis>
|
||
Matthews
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the vertex is smooth (strigate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CE8ACFF23FDA2FF0D" box="[476,576,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evansi">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE8ACFF23FE08FF02" box="[476,490,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE889FF22FDA2FF0D" box="[505,576,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">evansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and metatarsomere 3 is subequal to metatarsomere 5 (3 longer than
|
||
<quantity id="F0225182F040EC6CEC23FF1CFA9DFF02" box="[1363,1407,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CECF7FF23FF3DFEE9" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evansi">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CECF7FF23FA77FF02" box="[1415,1429,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE9E7FEC6FF3DFEE9" box="[151,223,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">evansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). They fit
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CE828FEC7FD69FEE9" authority="Matthews" authorityName="Matthews" box="[344,651,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE828FEC7FDF4FEE9" box="[344,534,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Spathius elegans</emphasis>
|
||
Matthews
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the vertex and t4 are smooth and metatarsomere 3 is subequal to metatarsomere 5; they differ in that 1CU and 2CU are interstitial (i.e., 2CU is intercepted by 2cu-a in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEC6BFEEBFA69FEB5" box="[1307,1419,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEC6BFEEBFACBFECA" box="[1307,1321,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEC46FEEBFA69FEB5" box="[1334,1419,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Thus, the two MLBS specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEB37FE8FFD4AFE91" box="[583,680,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEB37FE8FFD4AFE91" box="[583,680,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Spathius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
considered a species near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEA9FFE8EFB6BFE91" box="[1007,1161,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calligaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEA9FFE8EFC1FFE91" box="[1007,1021,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CED61FE8FFB6BFE91" box="[1041,1161,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not precisely fit
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CECF7FE8EFEECFE7D" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calligaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CECF7FE8EFA77FE91" box="[1415,1429,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE9E7FEB3FEECFE7D" box="[151,270,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CE86BFEB3FE6EFE7D" box="[283,396,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE86BFEB3FECBFE72" box="[283,297,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE847FEB3FE6EFE7D" box="[311,396,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CE8C8FEB3FC46FE72" authority="Marsh and Strazanac (2009)" authorityName="Marsh and Strazanac" authorityYear="2009" box="[440,932,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evansi">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE8C8FEB3FE24FE72" box="[440,454,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE8A4FEB2FDFEFE7D" box="[468,540,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">evansi</emphasis>
|
||
sensu Marsh and Strazanac (2009)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but they fit closest to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEDEFFEB3FAD1FE7D" box="[1183,1331,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calligaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEDEFFEB3FB4FFE72" box="[1183,1197,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEDCBFEB3FAD1FE7D" box="[1211,1331,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on examination of primary and/or secondary
|
||
<typeStatus id="E86142C5F040EC6CEBF5FE56FD22FE58" box="[645,704,405,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">types</typeStatus>
|
||
for the three species. Examination of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEDFCFE56FAC7FE59" box="[1164,1317,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calligaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEDFCFE56FB78FE59" box="[1164,1178,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEDDDFE57FAC7FE59" box="[1197,1317,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="E86142C5F040EC6CEC41FE56FA7EFE58" box="[1329,1436,405,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
revealed that 1CU and 2CU are not interstitial (i.e., 2CU is intercepted by 2cu-a) and t4 is smooth in some specimens. Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CE818FE1EFC7DFE01" authority="Marsh and Strazanac (2009)" authorityName="Marsh and Strazanac" authorityYear="2009" box="[360,927,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calligaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE818FE1EFE94FE01" box="[360,374,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE8F9FE1FFDE3FE01" box="[393,513,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
sensu Marsh and Strazanac (2009)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CED30FE1EFF01FDE2" authority="Matthews (1970)" authorityName="Matthews" authorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calligaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CED30FE1EFBACFE01" box="[1088,1102,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CED11FE1FFB3BFE01" box="[1121,1241,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
sensu Matthews (1970)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although the former authors did not state this explicitly. The specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CED44FDC3FB76FDED" box="[1076,1172,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CED44FDC3FB76FDED" box="[1076,1172,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Spathius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nr.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CED96FDC3FABCFDED" box="[1254,1374,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calligaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CED96FDC3FABCFDED" box="[1254,1374,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from MLBS key easily to the couplet containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEBF0FDE6FCF7FDC9" box="[640,789,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calligaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEBF0FDE6FD6CFDC9" box="[640,654,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEBEDFDE7FCF7FDC9" box="[669,789,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Matthews (1970). However, they do not have the head and mesosoma dorsoventrally compressed, and they lack a dorsal transverse swelling on the pronotum, features Matthews (1970) used to define
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEB72FDAEFD76FD71" box="[514,660,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calligaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEB72FDAEFDF2FD71" box="[514,528,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEB6EFDAFFD76FD71" box="[542,660,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3765FC67F040EC6CE9B7FD53FE68FC19" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
|
||
Two other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CE8C8FD53FDFBFD5D" box="[440,537,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE8C8FD53FDFBFD5D" box="[440,537,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Spathius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected at MLBS. Both key easily to couplet
|
||
<quantity id="F0225182F040EC6CED00FD4CFB4BFD52" box="[1136,1193,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" unit="in" value="16.0">16 in</quantity>
|
||
Marsh and Strazanac (2009).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CE99FFD77FDEFFD39" authority="Matthews" authorityName="Matthews" box="[239,525,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE99FFD77FE7AFD39" box="[239,408,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Spathius impus</emphasis>
|
||
Matthews
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was differentiated at couplet 16 from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CED1BFD77FB2EFD39" box="[1131,1228,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CED1BFD77FB2EFD39" box="[1131,1228,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Spathius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on “ocellaroccipital distance equal to or less than ocellar-ocular distance” and “outer apical margin of hind tibia with 2–3 small spines.” The distance is longer in both species, but both have two spines on the outer apical margin of the hind tibia. Both species differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEB59FCE3FCBFFCC2" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" box="[553,861,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEB59FCE3FD09FCCD" box="[553,747,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Spathius pallidus</emphasis>
|
||
Ashmead
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(couplet 17) in terms of mesopleural sculpture and body color, and both species differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEBF4FC87FB90FCA9" authority="Marsh and Strazanac" authorityName="Marsh and Strazanac" box="[644,1138,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leiopleuron">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEBF4FC87FC92FCA9" box="[644,880,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Spathius leiopleuron</emphasis>
|
||
Marsh and Strazanac
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(couplet 18) in terms of mesopleural sculpture.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CE8EDFCABFE1CFC75" box="[413,510,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE8EDFCABFE1CFC75" box="[413,510,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Spathius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1 fits
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEB00FCABFC2DFC8A" authority="Provancher" authorityName="Provancher" box="[624,975,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laflammei">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEB00FCABFCAAFC75" box="[624,840,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Spathius laflammei</emphasis>
|
||
Provancher
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(couplet 18) except it has two spines on the outer apical margin of the hind tibia (
|
||
<quantity id="F0225182F040EC6CEB1AFC4FFD51FC51" box="[618,691,908,932]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.397" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" unit="in" value="5.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="3.0">3–8 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEBCAFC4EFCA5FC51" box="[698,839,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laflammei">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEBCAFC4EFD2AFC51" box="[698,712,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEBA7FC4FFCA5FC51" box="[727,839,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">laflammei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEA10FC4FFC22FC51" box="[864,960,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEA10FC4FFC22FC51" box="[864,960,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Spathius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2 differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEDE5FC4EFAC0FC51" box="[1173,1314,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laflammei">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEDE5FC4EFAC0FC51" box="[1173,1314,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">S. laflammei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the former has the vertex smooth (strigate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEB1AFC73FD15FC3D" box="[618,759,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laflammei">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEB1AFC73FD9AFC32" box="[618,632,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEBF7FC73FD15FC3D" box="[647,759,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">laflammei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and two spines on the outer apical margin of the hind tibia (
|
||
<quantity id="F0225182F040EC6CE9EFFC17FF05FC19" box="[159,231,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.397" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" unit="in" value="5.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="3.0">3–8 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CE99EFC16FE98FC19" box="[238,378,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laflammei">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE99EFC16FF1EFC19" box="[238,252,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE87AFC17FE98FC19" box="[266,378,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">laflammei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3765FC67F040EC6CE9B7FC3BFE89FB6A" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
|
||
Two specimens from MLBS were determined as a species near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEAE2FC3BFB37FBFA" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday" box="[914,1237,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ontsira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperator">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEAE2FC3BFBBCFBE5" box="[914,1118,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Ontsira imperator</emphasis>
|
||
(Haliday)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They differ from specimens in the USNM determined as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEB2EFBDEFD10FBC1" box="[606,754,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ontsira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperator">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEB2EFBDEFD90FBC1" box="[606,626,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEBF2FBDEFD10FBC1" box="[642,754,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">imperator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the MLBS specimens have the metafemur brownish yellow and the metatibia and metatarsus brown, while those features are entirely yellow in the USNM specimens. Also, the scutellar disc is rugose posteriorly in the MLBS specimens, while it is smooth with punctures in the USNM specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3765FC67F040EC6CE9B7FB6FFA6DFA69" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
|
||
One specimen from MLBS was determined as a species near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEA1FFB6FFB7DFB31" authority="Mason. It" authorityName="Mason. It" box="[879,1183,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diospilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fomitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEA1FFB6FFBCFFB31" box="[879,1069,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Diospilus fomitis</emphasis>
|
||
Mason. It
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEC5EFB6EFA7EFB31" box="[1326,1436,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diospilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fomitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEC5EFB6EFAA0FB31" box="[1326,1346,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEC20FB6FFA7EFB31" box="[1360,1436,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">fomitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the ovipositor is downcurved apically. Conversely, the MLBS specimen has a sharply defined, pentagonal areola that bears a few rugosities, while the areola in four
|
||
<typeStatus id="E86142C5F040EC6CEA19FB36FC36FAF8" box="[873,980,1269,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CED77FB36FB9EFAF9" box="[1031,1148,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diospilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fomitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CED77FB36FBF9FAF9" box="[1031,1051,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CED40FB37FB9EFAF9" box="[1072,1148,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">fomitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the USNM is either imperceptible (i.e., propodeum entirely areolate-rugose) or a weakly defined pentagon bearing areolate-rugose sculpture. Also, the head, mesosoma, and metasoma are darker brown in the MLBS specimen than in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E86142C5F040EC6CEC41FAFEFA7EFAA0" box="[1329,1436,1341,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CE9C5FAA2FEC1FA8D" box="[181,291,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diospilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fomitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE9C5FAA2FF2BFA8D" box="[181,201,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE9A7FAA3FEC1FA8D" box="[215,291,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">fomitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined, and the metatibia and metatarsus are yellowish brown in the former compared to yellow in the latter. However, the lighter coloration observed in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E86142C5F040EC6CEA6DFA46FC6AFA68" box="[797,904,1413,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
could be an artifact of specimen preservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3765FC67F040EC6CE9B7FA64FE12F92A" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
|
||
Fifteen species were reported from Virginia for the first time, but nine of those species are known from at least one state that borders Virginia. Noteworthy new distribution records are as follows (known distribution beyond Virginia in parentheses):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CE8C8FA33FCE3F9F2" authority="Fischer" authorityName="Fischer" box="[440,769,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aphaereta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ithacensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE8C8FA33FD47F9FD" box="[440,677,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Aphaereta ithacensis</emphasis>
|
||
Fischer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4FCDBCF7F040EC6CEA62FA2CFC72F9F2" box="[786,912,1519,1543]" name="Canada" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">CANADA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Ontario;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4FCDBCF7F040EC6CED74FA2CFBB6F9FD" box="[1028,1108,1519,1544]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Michigan, New York, Ohio [Fischer 1966]),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CE82BF9D7FD59F9D9" authority="Viereck" authorityName="Viereck" box="[347,699,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pentapleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foveolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE82BF9D7FDBAF9D9" box="[347,600,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Pentapleura foveolata</emphasis>
|
||
Viereck
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4FCDBCF7F040EC6CEBBFF9D7FCFDF9D9" box="[719,799,1556,1580]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Connecticut [Viereck 1917]),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEDF9F9D6FF03F9BA" authority="Nees" authorityName="Nees" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Tanycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEDF9F9D6FA7EF9D9" box="[1161,1436,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Tanycarpa gracilicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(Nees)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Oriental and Palearctic regions [Yu
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEBE1F9FAFD2EF9A5" box="[657,716,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005];
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4FCDBCF7F040EC6CEA57F9F4FC46F9BA" box="[807,932,1591,1615]" name="Canada" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">CANADA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Alberta, Ontario;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4FCDBCF7F040EC6CED0BF9F4FB2EF9BA" box="[1147,1228,1591,1615]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Alaska [Wharton 1980]),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CE99FF99FFD63F981" authority="Dalla Torre" authorityName="Dalla Torre" box="[239,641,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="provancheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE99FF99FFE18F981" box="[239,506,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Ascogaster provancheri</emphasis>
|
||
Dalla Torre
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4FCDBCF7F040EC6CEBE1F99FFD00F981" box="[657,738,1628,1652]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Alaska, New Hampshire, New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4FCDBCF7F040EC6CED38F99EFB6DF980" box="[1096,1167,1629,1653]" name="Jersey" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Jersey</collectingCountry>
|
||
, New York, Ohio [Yu
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CECF8F99EFF56F96D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005]),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CE86CF943FD96F96D" authority="Loan" authorityName="Loan" box="[284,628,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Euphoriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidifacia">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CE86CF943FDCCF96D" box="[284,558,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Euphoriella pallidifacia</emphasis>
|
||
Loan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and New (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4FCDBCF7F040EC6CEB8AF9BCFC9AF962" box="[762,888,1663,1687]" name="Canada" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">CANADA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Quebec [Loan & New 1972]), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA87E4F040EC6CEC59F942FA7EF96D" box="[1321,1436,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diospilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fomitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEC59F942FADFF96D" box="[1321,1341,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="05AE2075F040EC6CEC20F943FA7EF96D" box="[1360,1436,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">fomitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4FCDBCF7F040EC6CE9EEF967FEFEF949" box="[158,284,1700,1724]" name="Canada" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">CANADA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Manitoba, Quebec, Saskatchewan [Mason 1968]). The specimens collected at MLBS are the southernmost records for those species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |