263 lines
28 KiB
XML
263 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="1AD69E7961C590D059F6FFF4D3FA94A8" ID-CLB-Dataset="5325" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3869.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1c47f462-90bf-4b94-ba14-6ac0f08050fc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4947313" ID-ZooBank="3C5EC936-DD36-4CE7-9B4C-452FA7BBE519" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623693757355" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Dorchin, Netta, Mifsud, David & Askew, Richard" docDate="2014" docId="03F71F32FFF6E834FF7EF5B5FDD4FD93" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03869p396.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3869 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Asphondylia scopuli Dorchin & Mifsud 2014, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="391" masterDocId="FFCE674AFFF1E83CFFE9F031FFB8FFF5" masterDocTitle="Saltbush-associated Asphondylia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in the Mediterranean Basin and their chalcidoid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="396" masterPageNumber="383" pageNumber="390" updateTime="1699014336711" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="DC188E80CD30BBCE73283F90BC74CD59" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="140F076F3E82C74ABC0A5767EB9422ED">
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<mods:title id="104907F37E1E2DBBF5A5A5336F0F158A">Saltbush-associated Asphondylia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in the Mediterranean Basin and their chalcidoid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="728EEE1B31918C2BCA1BE7502B2148AB" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B32AE753DDFAB3945D71DD3DD11983BA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="17060B6FFB534B3E8303EF41936503E4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8C30E37F7737A79568EBA80F055F29D8">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E688B3777EF59967C5A1859C6255725B">Department of Zoology and Zoological Museum, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel. E-mail: ndorchin @ post. tau. ac. il Institute of Earth Systems, Division of Rural Sciences and Food Systems, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A5B0FBE0CA14E17EF79F6876AC81D4E9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1152C41C41C9B7378367FE6F0A6765A7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="36B3061CA4E4CD24E33D1DBE8F62736D">Mifsud, David</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E9344068178CB8C06D8818D0A2C1D4A5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="22C3C38B406A806104BB7ED03998CAFB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="847832E4280984A4A627773069ED622D">Askew, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="08467F71C2F5301B6934127864FFF873">5 Beeston Hall Mews, Brook Lane, Beeston, Tarporley, Cheshire, CW 6 9 TZ, UK. E-mail: olynx @ btinternet. com</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="908A60DA4E3868952F43D84D705CE174">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F8BDD34447CB2C2E03CE35D2F56C9512">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5C058EBE8E927B020F4001C675AB9FC9">
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<mods:date id="084E99686379FA085D11160CF2C5DE17">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="CD039548B8EFAC70C6551C1D9CA620F1" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="1F0D8875DDC37AC7738A681B2038FCEF">2014-10-02</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D75BF9DA39EBD738D13445CD5AA46E93">3869</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="EA4C0960019BC1FCAC953AE9D2E23C2F" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="BE84695D6B2CDF35F68DD50EF991BF93">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A933442C2D29FFF65C45749944628CE1">383</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="C946E8190489CEEB266D0967192BF2F3">396</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="56A0F2A4AC46AF9F7ADEA981E09E8A1A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="77720DAB1ABD27203D40CEA6A64FF65E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3869.4.3</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03F71F32FFF6E834FF7EF5B5FDD4FD93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119943" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183718801" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5119943" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F71F32FFF6E834FF7EF5B5FDD4FD93" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F71F32FFF6E834FF7EF5B5FDD4FD93" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">
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<subSubSection id="C344FDAFFFF6E83BFF7EF5B5FD73FA6B" box="[151,715,1412,1438]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF6E83BFF7EF5B5FD73FA6B" blockId="7.[151,715,1412,1438]" box="[151,715,1412,1438]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">
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<heading id="D0A91948FFF6E83BFF7EF5B5FD73FA6B" bold="true" box="[151,715,1412,1438]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFF7EF5B5FD73FA6B" bold="true" box="[151,715,1412,1438]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFF7EF5B5FDC3FA6B" authority="Dorchin & Mifsud" authorityName="Dorchin & Mifsud" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,635,1412,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scopuli" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFF7EF5B5FE34FA6B" bold="true" box="[151,396,1412,1438]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Asphondylia scopuli</emphasis>
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Dorchin & Mifsud
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219CF4DFFF6E83BFD61F5B5FD73FA6B" box="[648,715,1412,1438]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C344FDAFFFF6E83BFF7EF5FBFD5FF842" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF6E83BFF7EF5FBFB44F92A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1482,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFF7EF5FBFEDEFA16" bold="true" box="[151,358,1482,1507]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" reason="1">Gall and biology.</emphasis>
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This species induces fleshy, spherical bud galls,
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<quantity id="4CA603C1FFF6E83BFC72F5FBFC42FA17" box="[923,1018,1482,1507]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, in leaf axils of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFAABF5FBFEB4F9F2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanfrancoi">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFAABF5FBFEB4F9F2" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Atriplex lanfrancoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1365B2A1FFF6E83BFEF5F5DFFE32F9F2" box="[284,394,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–7" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-136@4.[151,1436,373,1924]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–7. 5. The habitat of Atriplex lanfrancoi—an endemic plant of sheer seaside cliffs in the Maltese islands. 6. Fleshy bud galls of Asphondylia scopuli on Atriplex lanfrancoi. 7. Asphondylia scopuli gall on Atriplex lanfrancoi with pupal exuviae stuck in the gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947317/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Figs. 6–7</figureCitation>
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). The galls are green to pinkish and covered by whitish fuzz similar to ungalled plant parts. Each gall contains a single larval chamber, the inside walls of which are lined by white mycelia. The species is apparently univoltine, with adults emerging in May. Larvae are heavily parasitized by numerous species of parasitic
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<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFEEBF66AFE22F986" box="[258,410,1627,1651]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
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so that repeated collecting over several years has yielded only a handful of adult gall midges. The galls superficially resemble those of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFD3AF64EFC1CF962" authority="Gagne" authorityName="Gagne" box="[723,932,1662,1687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caudicis">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFD3AF64EFCE9F962" box="[723,849,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. caudicis</emphasis>
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Gagné
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</taxonomicName>
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in leaf axils of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFBB4F64FFA8BF963" box="[1117,1331,1662,1687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canescens">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFBB4F64FFA8BF963" box="[1117,1331,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Atriplex canescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in North America (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCFD3D5FFF6E83BFEEFF693FE57F94E" author="Hawkins, B. A. & Goeden, R. D. & Gagne, R. J." box="[262,495,1698,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" pagination="55 - 107" refId="ref8428" refString="Hawkins, B. A., Goeden, R. D. & Gagne, R. J. (1986) Ecology and taxonomy of the Asphondylia spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) forming galls on Atriplex spp. (Chenopodiaceae) in southern California. Entomography, 4, 55 - 107." type="journal article" year="1986">
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Hawkins
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFE9AF692FE1CF94E" box="[371,420,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">et al</emphasis>
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. 1986
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</bibRefCitation>
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). It is possible that, like
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<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFCEBF692FCC7F94E" box="[770,895,1698,1723]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caudicis">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFCEBF692FCC7F94E" box="[770,895,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. caudicis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFC64F692FC45F94E" authorityName="Dorchin & Mifsud" authorityYear="2014" box="[909,1021,1698,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scopuli">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFC64F692FC45F94E" box="[909,1021,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. scopuli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has more than one generation a year and induces galls in different plant parts in different seasons, but such galls have not yet been found.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF6E83BFF2EF6DBFA91F8D2" blockId="7.[151,1437,1482,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFF2EF6DBFEB3F8F6" bold="true" box="[199,267,1770,1795]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Adult</emphasis>
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: As in
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<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFEB6F6DAFE72F8F7" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[351,458,1771,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFEB6F6DAFE72F8F7" box="[351,458,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. punica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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except for the following: third palpal segment 1.26–1.66 times as long as second; first antennal flagellomere 1.19–1.25 times as long as second in male, 1.47–1.52 as long as second in female.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF6E83BFF2EF703FBC5F8BE" blockId="7.[151,1437,1482,2011]" box="[199,1149,1842,1867]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFF2EF703FEA0F8BE" box="[199,280,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Thorax</emphasis>
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: Wing length
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<quantity id="4CA603C1FFF6E83BFE51F703FDE2F8BF" box="[440,602,1842,1867]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" metricValueMax="2.42" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="2.36" valueMax="2.42" valueMin="2.3">2.30–2.42 mm</quantity>
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in females (n=4),
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<quantity id="4CA603C1FFF6E83BFCC1F703FC74F8BF" box="[808,972,1842,1867]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.085" metricValueMax="2.19" metricValueMin="1.98" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="2.085" valueMax="2.19" valueMin="1.98">1.98–2.19 mm</quantity>
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in males (n=3).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF6E83BFF2EF767FB3EF89A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1482,2011]" box="[199,1158,1878,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">
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||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFF2EF767FE31F89A" box="[199,393,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Female abdomen</emphasis>
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: Sclerotized part of ovipositor 1.48–1.68 as long as sternite 7 (n=4).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF6E83BFF2EF74BFE36F866" blockId="7.[151,1437,1482,2011]" box="[199,398,1914,1939]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">
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||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFF2EF74BFEA8F866" bold="true" box="[199,272,1914,1939]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Larva</emphasis>
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||
: unknown.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF6E83BFF2EF7AFFD5FF842" blockId="7.[151,1437,1482,2011]" box="[199,743,1950,1975]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">
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||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFF2EF7AFFEBDF842" bold="true" box="[199,261,1950,1975]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<figureCitation id="1365B2A1FFF6E83BFEFDF7AFFE26F842" box="[276,414,1950,1975]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–18" captionStartId="6.[150,263,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[157,1416,232,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-80@6.[151,1436,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–18. 13. Asphondylia punica, male terminalia, dorsal. 14. Asphondylia punica, male terminalia, ventral. 15. Asphondylia punica, larval spatula and associated papillae. 16. Asphondylia punica, exuviae, head. 17. Asphondylia scopuli, pupal head, frontal. 18. Asphondylia scopuli, pupal head, lateral. Scale bars = 0.1 mm, except Figs. 17–18 = 200µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947321/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Figs. 17–18</figureCitation>
|
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):
|
||
<quantity id="4CA603C1FFF6E83BFE5BF7AFFDEDF843" box="[434,597,1950,1975]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.135" metricValueMax="3.46" metricValueMin="2.81" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="3.135" valueMax="3.46" valueMin="2.81">2.81–3.46 mm</quantity>
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long (n = 4).
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C344FDAFFFF6E834FF2EF7F3FB6EFF26" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF6E834FF2EF7F3FB6EFF26" blockId="7.[151,1437,1482,2011]" lastBlockId="8.[150,1437,151,614]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFF2EF7F3FE02F82F" box="[199,442,1986,2011]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFF2EF7F3FE0AF82E" bold="true" box="[199,434,1986,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36A479FFF6E83BFE23F7F3FA20F82E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326190303" box="[458,1432,1986,2011]" collectingDate="2012-05-05" collectingDateMax="2012-05-25" collectingDateMin="2012-05-05" collectionCode="TAUI" collectorName="D. Mifsud" country="Malta" location="Migra Ferha" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E51086FFF6E83BFE23F7F3FD8FF82E" box="[458,567,1986,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF6E83BFDA2F7F2FDDAF82F" box="[587,610,1987,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFD9EF7F3FD03F82E" box="[631,699,1986,2011]" name="Malta" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Malta</collectingCountry>
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||
,
|
||
<location id="8E81F8FFFFF6E83BFD39F7F3FCD0F82E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F71F32FFF6E834FF7EF5B5FDD4FD93:8E81F8FFFFF6E83BFD39F7F3FCD0F82E" box="[720,872,1986,2011]" country="Malta" name="Migra Ferha" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Migra Ferħa</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE088E4FFF6E83BFC95F7F3FBB1F82E" box="[892,1033,1986,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" value="2012-05-05" valueMax="2012-05-25" valueMin="2012-05-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA4710CFFF6E83BFC95F7F3FBB1F82E" box="[892,1033,1986,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" value="2012-05-05" valueMax="2012-05-25" valueMin="2012-05-05">5–25.v.2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ABCBF2FFF6E83BFBF7F7F2FB26F82E" box="[1054,1182,1986,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">D. Mifsud</collectorName>
|
||
, deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4F36E1FFF6E83BFABDF7F3FA20F82E" box="[1364,1432,1986,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">TAUI</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36A479FFF9E834FF7FF0A9FE88FF20" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326190310" collectingDate="2012-05-05" collectingDateMax="2012-05-25" collectingDateMin="2012-05-05" collectionCode="NMNH, TAUI" collectorName="D. Mifsud" country="Malta" location="Migra Ferha" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E51086FFF9E834FF7FF0A9FEB0FF45" box="[150,264,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF9E834FEFAF0A6FE80FF45" box="[275,312,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF9E834FEAFF0A6FED3FF45" box="[326,363,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 5 exuviae (2 on microscope slide, 3 glued to cardboard), same data as holotype (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF9E834FAFDF0A6FA8EFF45" box="[1300,1334,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4F36E1FFF9E834FAD6F0A9FA2FFF5A" box="[1343,1431,152,175]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
, others
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4F36E1FFF9E834FF0BF08DFE90FF20" box="[226,296,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">TAUI</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36A479FFF9E834FED2F08DFB6AFF26" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326190309" box="[315,1234,188,213]" collectingDate="2012-05-05" collectingDateMax="2012-05-25" collectingDateMin="2012-05-05" collectionCode="DM" collectorName="D. Mifsud" country="Malta" location="Migra Ferha" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-pupa="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF9E834FED2F08DFE3EFF26" box="[315,390,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
(coated, on SEM stub), same data as holotype, in private collection of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4F36E1FFF9E834FB48F08DFB6AFF26" box="[1185,1234,188,211]" country="New Zealand" name="Dominion Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">DM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C344FDAFFFF9E834FF2EF0EEFD8FFF0D" box="[199,567,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF9E834FF2EF0EEFD8FFF0D" blockId="8.[150,1437,151,614]" box="[199,567,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF9E834FF2EF0EEFED8FF02" box="[199,352,223,248]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF9E834FF2EF0EEFEE1FF0D" bold="true" box="[199,345,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF9E834FE07F0EEFD8BFF0D" box="[494,563,223,248]" name="Malta" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">Malta</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C344FDAFFFF9E834FF2EF135FD66FEB5" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF9E834FF2EF135FD66FEB5" blockId="8.[150,1437,151,614]" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF9E834FF2EF135FEF5FEEE" box="[199,333,260,285]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF9E834FF2EF135FEFEFEE8" bold="true" box="[199,326,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet is Latin for ‘of the cliff’, with reference to the unique habitat (seaside cliffs) of the host plant, an endemic to the Maltese Islands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C344FDAFFFF9E834FF2EF17DFDD4FD93" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF9E834FF2EF17DFDD4FD93" blockId="8.[150,1437,151,614]" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF9E834FF2EF17DFEA9FE96" box="[199,273,332,357]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF9E834FF2EF17DFEB2FE90" bold="true" box="[199,266,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">Notes</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF9E834FEF2F17DFDBBFE90" authorityName="Dorchin & Mifsud" authorityYear="2014" box="[283,515,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scopuli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF9E834FEF2F17DFDBBFE90" box="[283,515,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">Asphondylia scopuli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF9E834FD2BF17DFC89FE91" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[706,817,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF9E834FD2BF17DFC89FE91" box="[706,817,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">A. punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but we could not find any substantial morphological differences between adults and pupae of the two species, except for those outlined above. Nevertheless, the galls induced by these species are markedly different, as are their host plants;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF9E834FC32F1A5FB2FFE58" box="[987,1175,404,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF9E834FC32F1A5FB2FFE58" box="[987,1175,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">Atriplex halimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a widespread desert and salt-marsh shrub with C
|
||
<subScript id="17DAAC61FFF9E834FE00F1F7FE49FE21" attach="left" box="[489,497,454,468]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">4</subScript>
|
||
photosynthesis, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF9E834FCF6F186FC43FE25" box="[799,1019,439,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanfrancoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF9E834FCF6F186FC43FE25" box="[799,1019,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">Atriplex lanfrancoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to seaside cliffs in the Maltese islands, and represents an ancient clade within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF9E834FCE5F1EFFCDEFE02" box="[780,870,478,503]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF9E834FCE5F1EFFCDEFE02" box="[780,870,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">Atriplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of species with C
|
||
<subScript id="17DAAC61FFF9E834FBDAF1DCFB83FE0E" attach="left" box="[1075,1083,493,507]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">3</subScript>
|
||
photosynthesis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFD3D5FFF9E834FB10F1EFFF6CFDEB" author="Kadereit, G. & Mavrodiev, E. V. & Zacharias, E. H. & Sukhorukov, A. P." pageId="8" pageNumber="391" pagination="1664 - 1687" refId="ref8690" refString="Kadereit, G., Mavrodiev, E. V., Zacharias, E. H. & Sukhorukov, A. P. (2010) Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodiodeae, Chenopodiaceae): implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C 4 photosynthesis. American Journal of Botany, 97, 1664 - 1687. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3732 / ajb. 1000169" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Kadereit
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF9E834FA8AF1D1FA2DFE02" box="[1379,1429,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is noteworthy that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF9E834FE25F237FDFCFDEB" box="[460,580,517,542]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF9E834FE25F237FDFCFDEB" box="[460,580,517,542]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">A. halimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common in the Maltese islands but no galls were observed on it, including in localities where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF9E834FE83F21BFE45FDB7" box="[362,509,553,578]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanfrancoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF9E834FE83F21BFE45FDB7" box="[362,509,553,578]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">A. lanfrancoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
galls were found (DM, personal observation). Our data leave us in no doubt that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF9E834FA6DF21BFF50FD93" authorityName="Dorchin & Mifsud" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scopuli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF9E834FA6DF21BFF50FD93" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">A. scopuli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF9E834FEF7F27FFE32FD90" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[286,394,590,613]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF9E834FEF7F27FFE32FD90" box="[286,394,590,613]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="391">A. punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinct species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |