636 lines
79 KiB
XML
636 lines
79 KiB
XML
<document id="C19C80952CFB088489EFD35CB1D246B3" ID-CLB-Dataset="5325" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3869.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1c47f462-90bf-4b94-ba14-6ac0f08050fc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4947313" ID-ZooBank="3C5EC936-DD36-4CE7-9B4C-452FA7BBE519" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623693757355" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Dorchin, Netta, Mifsud, David & Askew, Richard" docDate="2014" docId="03F71F32FFF3E83BFF7EF285FD3DFAC5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03869p396.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3869 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Asphondylia punica Marchal 1897" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="390" masterDocId="FFCE674AFFF1E83CFFE9F031FFB8FFF5" masterDocTitle="Saltbush-associated Asphondylia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in the Mediterranean Basin and their chalcidoid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="396" masterPageNumber="383" pageNumber="385" updateTime="1699014336711" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="19671F553F2AD6A033516C00E8DB23BE">Saltbush-associated Asphondylia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in the Mediterranean Basin and their chalcidoid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="88A38AAE25B3D8606CD1DF5898C14203">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="40491057EF4009FFEE8E03BDD85DE41A">Department of Zoology and Zoological Museum, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel. E-mail: ndorchin @ post. tau. ac. il Institute of Earth Systems, Division of Rural Sciences and Food Systems, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B514FCF3F3AA042D27F82A06C645227E">Mifsud, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="119ECD3E52D660981859BE686CFE8CF3">Askew, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6FB98E7375A891493DD87663C3D108BF">5 Beeston Hall Mews, Brook Lane, Beeston, Tarporley, Cheshire, CW 6 9 TZ, UK. E-mail: olynx @ btinternet. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="BEA32501DB233531DF7693A6E16172E5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="35F64B0D1AC8BF73DA5B00B532228B21">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="54A96F988B2DEC6F7CB5F240FCFB0A0D">2014-10-02</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AD0644B063EAFECBCD69FE50266709CE">3869</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F71F32FFF3E83BFF7EF285FD3DFAC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119941" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183718802" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5119941" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F71F32FFF3E83BFF7EF285FD3DFAC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F71F32FFF3E83BFF7EF285FD3DFAC5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="390" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">
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<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF3E83EFF7EF285FE43FD3B" blockId="2.[151,507,692,718]" box="[151,507,692,718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">
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<heading id="D0A91948FFF3E83EFF7EF285FE43FD3B" bold="true" box="[151,507,692,718]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFF7EF285FE43FD3B" ID-CoL="HDCT" authority="Marchal" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,507,692,718]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFF7EF285FE43FD3B" bold="true" box="[151,507,692,718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFF7EF285FE31FD3B" bold="true" box="[151,393,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Asphondylia punica</emphasis>
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Marchal
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C344FDAFFFF3E83EFF7EF2CBFB5DFA40" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF3E83EFF7EF2CBFD99FCE5" blockId="2.[151,805,762,815]" box="[151,545,762,784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFF8835FFF3E83EFF7EF2CBFD99FCE5" author="Marchal, P." box="[151,545,762,784]" page="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" year="1897">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFF7EF2CBFD99FCE5" ID-CoL="HDCT" authority="Marchal, 1897: 20" authorityName="Marchal" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,545,762,784]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFF7EF2CBFED9FCE5" box="[151,353,762,784]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Asphondylia punica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCFD3D5FFF3E83EFE8EF2CBFD99FCE5" author="Marchal, P." box="[359,545,762,784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" pagination="19 - 25" refId="ref9083" refString="Marchal, P. (1897) Notes d'entomologie biologique sur une excursion en Algerie et en Tunisie. Lampromya Miki, nova species; Cecidies. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 19 - 25 & pls. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1897">Marchal, 1897: 20</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF3E83EFF7EF328FC9DFCDB" blockId="2.[151,805,762,815]" box="[151,805,793,815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4E890AFFF3E83EFF7EF328FC9DFCDB" box="[151,805,793,815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFF8835FFF3E83EFF7EF328FDCFFCDA" author="De Stefani, T." box="[151,631,793,815]" page="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" year="1900">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFF7EF328FDCFFCDA" ID-CoL="HD86" authority="De Stefani 1900: 16" authorityName="De Stefani" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,631,793,815]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conglomerata">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFF7EF328FE11FCDA" box="[151,425,793,815]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Asphondylia conglomerata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCFD3D5FFF3E83EFE47F32BFDCFFCDA" author="De Stefani, T." box="[430,631,793,815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref7983" refString="De Stefani, T. (1900) Zoocecidii e cecidiozoi dell' Atriplex halimus L. in Sicilia. Atti Accademia Gioienia Scienze Naturali (Catania), 77, 1 - 28 & pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1900">De Stefani 1900: 16</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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—
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFD7AF328FC9DFCDB" bold="true" box="[659,805,793,814]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219CF4DFFF3E83EFD7AF328FC9DFCDB" box="[659,805,793,814]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">new synonym</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF3E83EFF7EF36DFB5DFA40" blockId="2.[151,1437,860,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFF7EF36DFEE7FC80" bold="true" box="[151,351,860,885]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Gall and biology</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFE86F36DFDE8FC81" ID-CoL="HDCT" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[367,592,860,885]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFE86F36DFDE8FC81" box="[367,592,860,885]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Asphondylia punica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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induces one of the most common and conspicuous galls in Mediterranean desert and salt-marsh habitats. The galls develop in apical and axillary buds of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFBF9F34EFB72FC6D" ID-CoL="JLFD" box="[1040,1226,895,920]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halimus">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFBF9F34EFB72FC6D" box="[1040,1226,895,920]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Atriplex halimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and are composed of numerous stunted leaves that form dense, spherical rosettes of up to
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<quantity id="4CA603C1FFF3E83EFC2CF395FC4DFC48" box="[965,1013,932,957]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" unit="cm" value="3.0">3cm</quantity>
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in diameter (
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<figureCitation id="1365B2A1FFF3E83EFB66F395FB75FC48" box="[1167,1229,932,957]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1359,1382]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1338]" captionTargetId="figure-392@3.[151,1436,373,1338]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. 1.Typical habitat of Atriplex halimus (along with other Chenopodiaceae) in the Dead Sea area, Israel. 2. A cluster of Asphondylia punica rosette bud galls on Atriplex halimus. 3. A gall of Asphondylia punica on Atriplex halimus cut open to show the white mycelium and the third instar larva. 4. Asphondylia punica—adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947315/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Fig 2</figureCitation>
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) that are clumped together along shoots. Each rosette contains up to 20 larval chambers embedded in spongy tissue and each chamber contains
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<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF3E83EFF15F3DDFEDEFBF0" box="[252,358,1004,1029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" type="larva">one larva</specimenCount>
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. The internal walls of the larval chambers are lined by a thick layer of white mycelium (
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<figureCitation id="1365B2A1FFF3E83EFAA0F3DDFA35FBF0" box="[1353,1421,1004,1029]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1359,1382]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1338]" captionTargetId="figure-392@3.[151,1436,373,1338]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. 1.Typical habitat of Atriplex halimus (along with other Chenopodiaceae) in the Dead Sea area, Israel. 2. A cluster of Asphondylia punica rosette bud galls on Atriplex halimus. 3. A gall of Asphondylia punica on Atriplex halimus cut open to show the white mycelium and the third instar larva. 4. Asphondylia punica—adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947315/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). The fresh galls are green but after emergence of the gall midges they become yellowish and may remain on the plant until the next season. In such dry galls the internal complex of larval chambers becomes very rigid and is sometimes left on the shoot after the rosette leaves are shed. The galls are so common that on some bushes they may cover most of the branches and stunt their growth. Their size depends on the number of chambers in them and apparently on the condition of the individual plant. The galls appear on the plant around November–December and reach their final size in February. Development of the second and third larval instars is rapid, and adults emerge during February–March in
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<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF3E83EFE23F4D6FDB3FAF5" box="[458,523,1255,1280]" name="Israel" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Israel</collectingCountry>
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, and apparently also elsewhere (based on the literature). The galls support a rich community of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFED4F53DFE6DFAD1" box="[317,469,1292,1316]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
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parasitoids of several families (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCFD3D5FFF3E83EFCD4F53DFC4EFAD0" author="De Stefani, T." box="[829,1014,1292,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref7983" refString="De Stefani, T. (1900) Zoocecidii e cecidiozoi dell' Atriplex halimus L. in Sicilia. Atti Accademia Gioienia Scienze Naturali (Catania), 77, 1 - 28 & pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1900">De Stefani 1900</bibRefCitation>
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) but, despite the high mortality rates, it is easy to rear the gall midges in comparison to other
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<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFCFDF51EFC18FABD" box="[788,928,1327,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFCFDF51EFC18FABD" box="[788,928,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Asphondylia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species on
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<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFBCFF51EFB38FABD" ID-CoL="35CY" box="[1062,1152,1327,1352]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFBCFF51EFB38FABD" box="[1062,1152,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Atriplex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, because the galls are so numerous and widespread. Rübsaamen, who examined galls collected in
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<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF3E83EFC08F565FBA7FA98" box="[993,1055,1364,1389]" name="Israel" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Israel</collectingCountry>
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in 1897, found pupae of another cecidomyiid species in the galls, which he suspected of being an inquiline (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCFD3D5FFF3E83EFC33F546FB19FA65" author="Rubsaamen, E. H." box="[986,1185,1399,1424]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" pagination="243 - 336" refId="ref9330" refString="Rubsaamen, E. H. (1902) Mittheilung uber die von Herrn J. Bornmuller im Oriente gesammelten Zoocecidien. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, 16, 243 - 336." type="journal article" year="1902">Rübsaamen 1902</bibRefCitation>
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). However, in years of collecting and rearing these galls in
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<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF3E83EFDC2F5ADFDD4FA40" box="[555,620,1436,1461]" name="Israel" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Israel</collectingCountry>
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, we never reared any species other than the gall inducer.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C344FDAFFFF3E839FF2EF5F1FA84F803" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="388" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF3E83EFF2EF5F1FD2EF920" blockId="2.[151,1437,860,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">
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Very similar galls to those on
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<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFDFEF5F1FD37FA2D" box="[535,655,1471,1496]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halimus">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFDFEF5F1FD37FA2D" box="[535,655,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">A. halimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are found on
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<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFCC5F5F1FC7EFA2D" box="[812,966,1471,1496]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucoclada">
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<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFCC5F5F1FC7EFA2D" box="[812,966,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">A. leucoclada</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF3E83EFC02F58EFB91FA2D" box="[1003,1065,1471,1496]" name="Israel" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
but are much smaller—up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CA603C1FFF3E83EFA90F58EFF01FA08" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" unit="cm" value="0.6">0.6 cm</quantity>
|
||
—and contain only 2–4 larval chambers per gall. We were able to rear only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF3E83EFBE8F5D5FBCFFA08" box="[1025,1143,1508,1533]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" type="adult">three adult</specimenCount>
|
||
gall-midges from galls on this host plant and only in October. At other times of the year galls were dry or contained tiny first instars. The differences in gall morphology and emergence times are not reflected in the gall-midge morphology, and therefore we refrain from describing the population from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFD24F661FCD4F99D" box="[717,876,1615,1640]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucoclada">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFD24F661FCD4F99D" box="[717,876,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">A. leucoclada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a separate species until further data become available.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFEFAF645FE40F978" box="[275,504,1652,1677]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucoclada">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFEFAF645FE40F978" box="[275,504,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Atriplex leucoclada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFDA9F645FD79F978" box="[576,705,1652,1677]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFDA9F645FD79F978" box="[576,705,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">A. halimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have overlapping distributions in salty Saharo-Arabian and Mediterranean habitats and are phylogenetically related (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFD3D5FFF3E83EFCA5F6A6FBF4F945" author="Kadereit, G. & Mavrodiev, E. V. & Zacharias, E. H. & Sukhorukov, A. P." box="[844,1100,1687,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" pagination="1664 - 1687" refId="ref8690" refString="Kadereit, G., Mavrodiev, E. V., Zacharias, E. H. & Sukhorukov, A. P. (2010) Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodiodeae, Chenopodiaceae): implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C 4 photosynthesis. American Journal of Botany, 97, 1664 - 1687. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3732 / ajb. 1000169" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Kadereit
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFC57F6A8FC41F945" box="[958,1017,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), hence it is plausible that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFF7EF68DFECEF921" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,374,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFF7EF68DFECEF921" box="[151,374,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Asphondylia punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
uses both plants as hosts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF3E83EFF2EF6EEFD4CF890" blockId="2.[151,1437,860,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">
|
||
A species belonging to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFDD5F6EEFD0BF90D" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1898" box="[572,691,1759,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stefaniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFDD5F6EEFD0BF90D" box="[572,691,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Stefaniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(possibly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFCCEF6D1FBB8F90D" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1898" box="[807,1024,1759,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stefaniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atriplicis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFCCEF6D1FC1FF90D" box="[807,935,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">S. atriplicis</emphasis>
|
||
Kieffer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) galls stems and leaf mid-veins of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFA6DF6D1FEAAF8E8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucoclada">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFA6DF6D1FEAAF8E8" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">A. leucoclada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including the leaves that compose the rosette galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFC6BF735FC56F8E9" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[898,1006,1796,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFC6BF735FC56F8E9" box="[898,1006,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">A. punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on this host. Thus, it may appear that adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFF3EF716FEF6F8B5" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1898" box="[215,334,1831,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stefaniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFF3EF716FEF6F8B5" box="[215,334,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Stefaniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
emerge from the rosette galls, but on close examination one can find their inconspicuous galls in leaves surrounding the central
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF3E83EFE07F77DFDC2F890" authorityName="Loew (Gagne & Jaschhof" authorityYear="2014" box="[494,634,1868,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFE07F77DFDC2F890" box="[494,634,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Asphondylia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
chambers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF3E83FFF2EF75EFB0DFEB5" blockId="2.[151,1437,860,2037]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="386" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFF2EF75EFEB3F87D" bold="true" box="[199,267,1903,1928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Adult</emphasis>
|
||
: (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1365B2A1FFF3E83EFECCF75EFED2F87D" box="[293,362,1903,1928]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1359,1382]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1338]" captionTargetId="figure-392@3.[151,1436,373,1338]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. 1.Typical habitat of Atriplex halimus (along with other Chenopodiaceae) in the Dead Sea area, Israel. 2. A cluster of Asphondylia punica rosette bud galls on Atriplex halimus. 3. A gall of Asphondylia punica on Atriplex halimus cut open to show the white mycelium and the third instar larva. 4. Asphondylia punica—adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947315/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) General color greyish brown.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF3E83EFD3DF75EFCA9F87D" box="[724,785,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1365B2A1FFF3E83EFCCAF75EFCD1F87D" box="[803,873,1903,1928]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1483,1506]" captionTargetBox="[177,1419,178,1444]" captionTargetId="figure-268@5.[151,1436,165,1470]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–12. Asphondylia punica. 8. Head. frontal 9. Acropod, lateral. 10. Acropod, ventral. 11. Female post-abdomen, lateral. 12. Male post-abdomen, lateral. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947319/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="385">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
): Eye facets round where not closely adjacent to hexagonal where closely juxtaposed. Palpus 3-segmented, with several strong setae and otherwise covered by microtrichia; first segment only slightly longer than wide, third segment 1.17–2.10 times as long as second. Labella rounded apically, setose and setulose. Antenna: Scape cylindrical, pedicel spherical. Male flagellomeres cylindrical, all covered by anastomosing loops of circumfila, numerous strong setae and microtrichia; first flagellomere 1.1–1.3 times as long as second. Female flagellomeres 1–9 cylindrical, with only two whorls of circumfila and two transverse connections, numerous strong setae and otherwise covered by microtrichia; first flagellomere 1.3–1.6 as long as second; flagellomeres 7–12 successively shorter; flagellomere 10 only slightly longer than wide; flagellomere 11 as long as wide; flagellomere 12 spherical, wider than long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF21FEACFFF2E83FFF7EF57EFB96FA56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947315" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4947315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947315/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="386" startId="3.[151,264,1359,1382]" targetBox="[151,1436,373,1338]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF2E83FFF7EF57EFB96FA56" blockId="3.[151,1435,1359,1443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF2E83FFF7EF57EFE84FA91" bold="true" box="[151,316,1359,1382]" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
|
||
1.Typical habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF2E83FFDFEF57EFD7AFA90" box="[535,706,1359,1381]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="386" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF2E83FFDFEF57EFD7AFA90" box="[535,706,1359,1381]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">Atriplex halimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(along with other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF2E83FFC6FF57EFB97FA90" box="[902,1071,1359,1381]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chenopodiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="386" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Chenopodiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in the Dead Sea area, Israel. 2. A cluster of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF2E83FFF17F55FFE72FA71" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[254,458,1390,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF2E83FFF17F55FFE72FA71" box="[254,458,1390,1412]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">Asphondylia punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rosette bud galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF2E83FFD4BF55FFCF4FA71" box="[674,844,1390,1412]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="386" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF2E83FFD4BF55FFCF4FA71" box="[674,844,1390,1412]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">Atriplex halimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 3. A gall of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF2E83FFC31F55FFB1BFA71" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[984,1187,1390,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF2E83FFC31F55FFB1BFA71" box="[984,1187,1390,1412]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">Asphondylia punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF2E83FFB25F55FFACDFA71" box="[1228,1397,1390,1412]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="386" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF2E83FFB25F55FFACDFA71" box="[1228,1397,1390,1412]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">Atriplex halimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cut open to show the white mycelium and the third instar larva. 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF2E83FFCF8F5BCFC63FA56" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[785,987,1421,1443]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF2E83FFCF8F5BCFC63FA56" box="[785,987,1421,1443]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">Asphondylia punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—adult.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF2E83FFF2EF5FBFDA1F983" blockId="3.[151,1437,1482,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF2E83FFF2EF5FBFEA0FA16" box="[199,280,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Legs: brownish-orange, covered by dark scales and hair; ventral part with silvery hair-like scales. Tarsal claws thick, evenly curved, untoothed; empodia as long as or longer than bend in claw, pulvilli minute (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1365B2A1FFF2E83FFA8DF5DFFF6BF9DE" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1483,1506]" captionTargetBox="[177,1419,178,1444]" captionTargetId="figure-268@5.[151,1436,165,1470]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–12. Asphondylia punica. 8. Head. frontal 9. Acropod, lateral. 10. Acropod, ventral. 11. Female post-abdomen, lateral. 12. Male post-abdomen, lateral. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947319/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">Figs. 9–10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wing: hyaline, veins brownish-orange, with sparse microtrichia; length
|
||
<quantity id="4CA603C1FFF2E83FFBF5F623FB79F9DF" box="[1052,1217,1554,1579]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.14" metricValueMin="2.56" pageId="3" pageNumber="386" unit="mm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.14" valueMin="2.56">2.56–3.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females (n=16),
|
||
<quantity id="4CA603C1FFF2E83FFF7EF607FE84F9BB" box="[151,316,1590,1615]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.665" metricValueMax="2.99" metricValueMin="2.34" pageId="3" pageNumber="386" unit="mm" value="2.665" valueMax="2.99" valueMin="2.34">2.34–2.99 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males (n=16); R
|
||
<subScript id="17DAAC61FFF2E83FFDF7F674FD9EF9A6" attach="left" box="[542,550,1605,1619]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">1</subScript>
|
||
joins C at about mid-length of wing, R
|
||
<subScript id="17DAAC61FFF2E83FFC06F674FC4FF9A6" attach="left" box="[1007,1015,1605,1619]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">5</subScript>
|
||
joins C behind wing apex, M weak, CuA forked into CuA1 and CuA2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF2E83FFF2EF6B0FB6BF8F3" blockId="3.[151,1437,1482,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF2E83FFF2EF6B0FE34F96F" box="[199,396,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">Female abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1365B2A1FFF2E83FFE74F6B0FE4BF96F" box="[413,499,1665,1690]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1483,1506]" captionTargetBox="[177,1419,178,1444]" captionTargetId="figure-268@5.[151,1436,165,1470]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–12. Asphondylia punica. 8. Head. frontal 9. Acropod, lateral. 10. Acropod, ventral. 11. Female post-abdomen, lateral. 12. Male post-abdomen, lateral. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947319/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
): Brownish-orange, pleuron and venter with silvery hair-like scales. Tergites 1–7 with posterior 1–2 rows of strong setae; tergite 8 much shorter than preceding, without setae. Sternites 2–6, with posterior row of setae and several setae on mid part; sternite 7 much longer than preceding, strongly setose on posterior half. Ovipositor relatively short: sclerotized part 1.20–1.66 as long as sternite 7 (n=14).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF2E838FF2EF720FC02FEB5" blockId="3.[151,1437,1482,2014]" lastBlockId="4.[150,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="387" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF2E83FFF2EF720FED6F8DF" box="[199,366,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">Male abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1365B2A1FFF2E83FFE94F720FE69F8DF" box="[381,465,1809,1834]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1483,1506]" captionTargetBox="[177,1419,178,1444]" captionTargetId="figure-268@5.[151,1436,165,1470]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–12. Asphondylia punica. 8. Head. frontal 9. Acropod, lateral. 10. Acropod, ventral. 11. Female post-abdomen, lateral. 12. Male post-abdomen, lateral. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947319/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
): Color pattern as in female. Tergite 1 narrower than succeeding tergites without setae; tergites 2–7 rectangular, with posterior 1–2 rows of strong setae and evenly scattered scales; tergite 7 more setose on posterior half than preceding; tergite 8 much smaller than preceding, band-like, without setae. Sternites 2–6 rectangular, with 1–2 posterior rows of strong setae and several strong setae medially, otherwise evenly covered by scales. Sternite 7 more setose than preceding. Sternite 8 with small but strongly setose sclerotized area.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF2E83FFACBF790FA24F84F" box="[1314,1436,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1365B2A1FFF2E83FFF76F7F4FE95F82B" box="[159,301,1989,2014]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–18" captionStartId="6.[150,263,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[157,1416,232,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-80@6.[151,1436,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–18. 13. Asphondylia punica, male terminalia, dorsal. 14. Asphondylia punica, male terminalia, ventral. 15. Asphondylia punica, larval spatula and associated papillae. 16. Asphondylia punica, exuviae, head. 17. Asphondylia scopuli, pupal head, frontal. 18. Asphondylia scopuli, pupal head, lateral. Scale bars = 0.1 mm, except Figs. 17–18 = 200µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947321/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="386">Figs. 13–14</figureCitation>
|
||
): Gonocoxite compact, wide and short, bearing numerous strong setae particularly along medial margin and evenly setulose. Gonocoxal apodeme extending on both sides of aedeagus base forming elongate sclerotized structures. Gonostylus ovoid, with numerous strong setae and otherwise evenly setulose, bearing bidentate apical tooth. Aedeagus cylindrical, tapered towards rounded apex. Hypoproct deeply divided apically into two lobes, setose and setulose, with two longer apical setae on each lobe. Cerci completely or almost completely separated, bulbous, strongly setose and setulose throughout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF21FEACFFF5E838FF7EF7A8FE87F818" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947317" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4947317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947317/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="387" startId="4.[151,264,1945,1968]" targetBox="[151,1436,373,1924]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF5E838FF7EF7A8FE87F818" blockId="4.[151,1436,1945,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="387">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF5E838FF7EF7A8FE82F85A" bold="true" box="[151,314,1945,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="387">FIGURES 5–7.</emphasis>
|
||
5. The habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF5E838FE05F7ABFD15F845" box="[492,685,1946,1968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="387" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanfrancoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF5E838FE05F7ABFD15F845" box="[492,685,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="387">Atriplex lanfrancoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—an endemic plant of sheer seaside cliffs in the Maltese islands. 6. Fleshy bud galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF5E838FEFCF789FE5BF83B" authorityName="Dorchin & Mifsud" authorityYear="2014" box="[277,483,1976,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scopuli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF5E838FEFCF789FE5BF83B" box="[277,483,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="387">Asphondylia scopuli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF5E838FDE3F789FD73F83B" box="[522,715,1976,1998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="387" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanfrancoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF5E838FDE3F789FD73F83B" box="[522,715,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="387">Atriplex lanfrancoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF5E838FD1BF789FC78F83B" authorityName="Dorchin & Mifsud" authorityYear="2014" box="[754,960,1976,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scopuli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF5E838FD1BF789FC78F83B" box="[754,960,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="387">Asphondylia scopuli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gall on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF5E838FBFAF789FB6DF83B" box="[1043,1237,1976,1998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="387" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanfrancoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF5E838FBFAF789FB6DF83B" box="[1043,1237,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="387">Atriplex lanfrancoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with pupal exuviae stuck in the gall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF21FEACFFF4E839FF7EF5FAFCBAF9F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947319" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4947319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947319/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" startId="5.[151,264,1483,1506]" targetBox="[177,1419,178,1444]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF4E839FF7EF5FAFCBAF9F5" blockId="5.[151,1436,1483,1536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF4E839FF7EF5FAFEF1FA15" bold="true" box="[151,329,1483,1506]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">FIGURES 8–12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF4E839FEB8F5FAFDA5FA14" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[337,541,1483,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF4E839FEB8F5FAFDA5FA14" box="[337,541,1483,1505]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Asphondylia punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 8. Head. frontal 9. Acropod, lateral. 10. Acropod, ventral. 11. Female post-abdomen, lateral. 12. Male post-abdomen, lateral. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF4E839FF2EF61DFCB3F90D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1580,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF4E839FF2EF61DFEA8F9B0" bold="true" box="[199,272,1580,1605]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
(third instar) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1365B2A1FFF4E839FE53F61DFDB4F9B0" box="[442,524,1580,1605]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1359,1382]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1338]" captionTargetId="figure-392@3.[151,1436,373,1338]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. 1.Typical habitat of Atriplex halimus (along with other Chenopodiaceae) in the Dead Sea area, Israel. 2. A cluster of Asphondylia punica rosette bud galls on Atriplex halimus. 3. A gall of Asphondylia punica on Atriplex halimus cut open to show the white mycelium and the third instar larva. 4. Asphondylia punica—adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947315/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1365B2A1FFF4E839FDF3F61DFD81F9B0" box="[538,569,1580,1605]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–18" captionStartId="6.[150,263,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[157,1416,232,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-80@6.[151,1436,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–18. 13. Asphondylia punica, male terminalia, dorsal. 14. Asphondylia punica, male terminalia, ventral. 15. Asphondylia punica, larval spatula and associated papillae. 16. Asphondylia punica, exuviae, head. 17. Asphondylia scopuli, pupal head, frontal. 18. Asphondylia scopuli, pupal head, lateral. Scale bars = 0.1 mm, except Figs. 17–18 = 200µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947321/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">15</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<quantity id="4CA603C1FFF4E839FDB8F61DFD62F9B1" box="[593,730,1580,1605]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (n=3). Light to bright orange. Integument with pointed, shallow bumps. Antennae three times as long as wide; cephalic apodeme longer than head capsule. Spatula quadridentate, strongly scleortized; lateral teeth longer than median teeth, gap between median teeth much deeper than gaps between lateral and median teeth. Shaft long and wide at base, with two strongly sclerotized arms at midlength and weaker sclerotization throughout area posterior to teeth and around shaft. Three setose lateral papillae on each side of spatula. Pleural papillae with long setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF4E839FF2EF734FA84F803" blockId="5.[151,1437,1580,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF4E839FF2EF734FEBDF8EB" bold="true" box="[199,261,1797,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1365B2A1FFF4E839FEF1F734FEC8F8EB" box="[280,368,1797,1822]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–18" captionStartId="6.[150,263,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[157,1416,232,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-80@6.[151,1436,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–18. 13. Asphondylia punica, male terminalia, dorsal. 14. Asphondylia punica, male terminalia, ventral. 15. Asphondylia punica, larval spatula and associated papillae. 16. Asphondylia punica, exuviae, head. 17. Asphondylia scopuli, pupal head, frontal. 18. Asphondylia scopuli, pupal head, lateral. Scale bars = 0.1 mm, except Figs. 17–18 = 200µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947321/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
): 2.8–4.0 mm long (n = 13). Antennal horns slightly arched, apices tapered and serrated in frontal view. Cephalic seta minute. Upper facial horn large and tapered. Three lower facial horns arranged in a triangle, middle one much larger than two lateral, slightly curved anteriorly; lateral horns situated anteriorly from middle horn, pointed ventrally; on each side of middle horn two papillae, one bearing long seta. One asetose papilla on each side slightly posterior to three facial horns. Posterior part of frons on each side with three lateral papillae, one setose, two asetose. Prothoracic spiracle long and slender, with trachea ending close to base. Abdominal segments except for first, each with one posterior straight row and one anterior less ordered row of spikes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF21FEACFFF7E83AFF7FF790FA3DF801" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4947321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947321/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" startId="6.[150,263,1953,1976]" targetBox="[157,1416,232,1914]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF7E83AFF7FF790FA3DF801" blockId="6.[150,1436,1953,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF7E83AFF7FF790FEEBF843" bold="true" box="[150,339,1953,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">FIGURES 13–18.</emphasis>
|
||
13.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF7E83AFE96F790FDF2F842" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[383,586,1953,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF7E83AFE96F790FDF2F842" box="[383,586,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Asphondylia punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male terminalia, dorsal. 14.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF7E83AFC98F790FB83F842" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[881,1083,1953,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF7E83AFC98F790FB83F842" box="[881,1083,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Asphondylia punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male terminalia, ventral. 15.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF7E83AFF2BF7F1FE29F823" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[194,401,1984,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF7E83AFF2BF7F1FE29F823" box="[194,401,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Asphondylia punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, larval spatula and associated papillae. 16.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF7E83AFC87F7F1FB85F823" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[878,1085,1984,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF7E83AFC87F7F1FB85F823" box="[878,1085,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Asphondylia punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, exuviae, head. 17.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF7E83AFAF4F7F1FF58F801" authorityName="Dorchin & Mifsud" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scopuli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF7E83AFAF4F7F1FF58F801" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Asphondylia scopuli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pupal head, frontal. 18.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF7E83AFE37F7EFFD14F801" authorityName="Dorchin & Mifsud" authorityYear="2014" box="[478,684,2014,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scopuli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF7E83AFE37F7EFFD14F801" box="[478,684,2014,2036]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Asphondylia scopuli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pupal head, lateral. Scale bars = 0.1 mm, except Figs. 17–18 = 200µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C344FDAFFFF6E83BFF2EF0A6FBB7FE00" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF6E83BFF2EF0A6FE02FECA" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFF2EF0A6FE08FF45" bold="true" box="[199,432,151,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" reason="1">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E51086FFF6E83BFE00F0A9FD9CFF45" box="[489,548,152,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFDA1F0A9FCAFFF45" authority="Marchal" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[584,791,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFDA1F0A9FD0BFF5A" box="[584,691,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. punica</emphasis>
|
||
Marchal
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFCB2F0A6FC16FF45" box="[859,942,151,176]" name="Tunisia" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
could not be found in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, where they were supposedly kept, and those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFC34F08DFAAEFF20" authority="De Stefani" authorityName="De Stefani" authorityYear="1900" box="[989,1302,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conglomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFC34F08DFB20FF20" box="[989,1176,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. conglomerata</emphasis>
|
||
De Stefani
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sicily are considered lost (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFD3D5FFF6E83BFE65F0EEFD0CFF0D" author="Gagne, R. J. & Jaschhof, M." box="[396,692,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" refId="ref8199" refString="Gagne, R. J. & Jaschhof, M. (2014) A catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the world. Third Edition. Digital version 2. Available from: http: // www. ars. usda. gov / SP 2 UserFiles / Place / 12454900 / Gagne _ 2014 _ World _ Cecidomyiidae _ Catalog _ 3 r d _ Edition. pdf (accessed 28 June 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Gagné & Jaschhof 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), hence we could not compare those
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E51086FFF6E83BFB68F0D1FB04FF0D" box="[1153,1212,224,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">types</typeStatus>
|
||
to our specimens. Nevertheless, the original descriptions and illustrations of the galls leave little doubt that the species we reared in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFF7EF116FF6DFEB5" box="[151,213,295,320]" name="Israel" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
is indeed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFEAEF119FE0AFECA" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[327,434,296,319]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFEAEF119FE0AFECA" box="[327,434,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF6E83BFF2EF17DFBB7FE00" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">
|
||
From
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36A479FFF6E83BFEE5F17DFBDDFE90" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326190302" box="[268,1125,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFEE5F17DFE70FE90" box="[268,456,332,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFEE5F17DFE70FE90" box="[268,456,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Atriplex halimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 3 exuviae,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFDBEF17DFD20FE90" box="[599,664,332,357]" name="Israel" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Park Yeroham,
|
||
<date id="FFE088E4FFF6E83BFCB1F17DFC6BFE90" box="[856,979,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" value="1995-03-16">16.iii.1995</date>
|
||
, N. Dorchin
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36A479FFF6E83BFB9BF17DFDEAFE7D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326190315" collectingDate="1995-03-17" collectorName="N. Dorchin" country="Israel" location="Nahal Nizzana" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="3">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF6E83BFB9BF17DFB2FFE90" box="[1138,1175,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF6E83BFB4CF17DFB72FE90" box="[1189,1226,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 2 exuviae,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFABEF17DFA20FE90" box="[1367,1432,332,357]" name="Israel" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E81F8FFFFF6E83BFF7EF15EFE87FE7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F71F32FFF3E83BFF7EF285FD3DFAC5:8E81F8FFFFF6E83BFF7EF15EFE87FE7D" box="[151,319,367,392]" country="Israel" name="Nahal Nizzana" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Nahal Nizzana</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE088E4FFF6E83BFEA3F15EFE7DFE7D" box="[330,453,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" value="1995-03-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA4710CFFF6E83BFEA3F15EFE7DFE7D" box="[330,453,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" value="1995-03-17">17.iii.1995</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ABCBF2FFF6E83BFE38F141FDEAFE7D" box="[465,594,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">N. Dorchin</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36A479FFF6E83BFDB4F15EFBE4FE7D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326190314" box="[605,1116,367,392]" collectingDate="1996-02-19" collectorName="N. Dorchin" country="Israel" location="Qalya" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF6E83BFDB4F15EFD3AFE7D" box="[605,642,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF6E83BFD67F15EFD0BFE7D" box="[654,691,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFD56F15EFCB8FE7D" box="[703,768,367,392]" name="Israel" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E81F8FFFFF6E83BFCE2F15EFCE9FE7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F71F32FFF3E83BFF7EF285FD3DFAC5:8E81F8FFFFF6E83BFCE2F15EFCE9FE7D" box="[779,849,367,392]" country="Israel" name="Qalya" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Qalya</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE088E4FFF6E83BFCB2F15EFC68FE7D" box="[859,976,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" value="1996-02-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA4710CFFF6E83BFCB2F15EFC68FE7D" box="[859,976,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" value="1996-02-19">19.ii.1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ABCBF2FFF6E83BFC32F141FBE4FE7D" box="[987,1116,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">N. Dorchin</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36A479FFF6E83BFB8EF15EFE19FE58" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326190305" collectingDate="2002-03-13" collectorName="N. Dorchin" country="Israel" location="Sede Boqer" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="5">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF6E83BFB8EF15EFB34FE7D" box="[1127,1164,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF6E83BFB71F15EFB05FE7D" box="[1176,1213,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFB20F15EFAB2FE7D" box="[1225,1290,367,392]" name="Israel" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E81F8FFFFF6E83BFAFCF15EFA20FE72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F71F32FFF3E83BFF7EF285FD3DFAC5:8E81F8FFFFF6E83BFAFCF15EFA20FE72" box="[1301,1432,367,392]" country="Israel" name="Sede Boqer" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Sede Boqer</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE088E4FFF6E83BFF7EF1A5FEABFE58" box="[151,275,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" value="2002-03-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA4710CFFF6E83BFF7EF1A5FEABFE58" box="[151,275,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" value="2002-03-13">13.iii.2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ABCBF2FFF6E83BFEF6F1A5FE19FE58" box="[287,417,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">N. Dorchin</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36A479FFF6E83BFE47F1A5FC42FE58" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326190304" box="[430,1018,404,429]" collectingDate="2004-03-30" collectorName="N. Dorchin" country="Israel" location="Sede Boqer" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="4">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF6E83BFE47F1A5FE6AFE58" box="[430,466,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF6E83BFE09F1A5FDBDFE58" box="[480,517,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFDFBF1A5FDEBFE58" box="[530,595,404,429]" name="Israel" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E81F8FFFFF6E83BFDB6F1A5FD5BFE5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F71F32FFF3E83BFF7EF285FD3DFAC5:8E81F8FFFFF6E83BFDB6F1A5FD5BFE5E" box="[607,739,404,429]" country="Israel" name="Sede Boqer" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Sede Boqer</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE088E4FFF6E83BFD19F1A5FCD4FE58" box="[752,876,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" value="2004-03-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA4710CFFF6E83BFD19F1A5FCD4FE58" box="[752,876,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" value="2004-03-30">30.iii.2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ABCBF2FFF6E83BFC91F1A5FC42FE58" box="[888,1018,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">N. Dorchin</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36A479FFF6E83BFBEFF1A5FDFDFE25" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326190316" collectingDate="2013-03-10" collectorName="N. Dorchin" country="Israel" location="Enot Zuqim" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF6E83BFBEFF1A5FB94FE58" box="[1030,1068,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFBD1F1A5FBC1FE58" box="[1080,1145,404,429]" name="Israel" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E81F8FFFFF6E83BFB6CF1A5FAA8FE58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F71F32FFF3E83BFF7EF285FD3DFAC5:8E81F8FFFFF6E83BFB6CF1A5FAA8FE58" box="[1157,1296,404,429]" country="Israel" name="Enot Zuqim" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Enot Zuqim</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE088E4FFF6E83BFAF5F1A5FA2FFE58" box="[1308,1431,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" value="2013-03-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA4710CFFF6E83BFAF5F1A5FA2FFE58" box="[1308,1431,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" value="2013-03-10">10.iii.2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ABCBF2FFF6E83BFF7EF189FEA2FE25" box="[151,282,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">N. Dorchin</collectorName>
|
||
; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFE8EF186FDFDFE25" box="[359,581,439,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucoclada">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFE8EF186FDFDFE25" box="[359,581,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Atriplex leucoclada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36A479FFF6E83BFDBFF186FA20FE25" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326190307" box="[598,1432,439,464]" collectingDate="2001-10-01" collectorName="A. Freidberg" country="Israel" location="Be'er Sheva" municipality="Zomet Eshel" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF6E83BFDBFF186FDC2FE25" box="[598,634,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 2 exuviae,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFCEEF186FCF0FE25" box="[775,840,439,464]" name="Israel" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E81F8FFFFF6E83BFCBFF186FC5CFE25" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F71F32FFF3E83BFF7EF285FD3DFAC5:8E81F8FFFFF6E83BFCBFF186FC5CFE25" box="[854,996,439,464]" country="Israel" municipality="Zomet Eshel" name="Be'er Sheva" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Be’er Sheva</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B85345EFFF6E83BFC18F189FB3CFE25" box="[1009,1156,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Zomet Eshel</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE088E4FFF6E83BFB7BF186FB4EFE25" box="[1170,1270,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" value="2001-10-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA4710CFFF6E83BFB7BF186FB4EFE25" box="[1170,1270,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" value="2001-10-01">1.x.2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ABCBF2FFF6E83BFAEDF186FA20FE25" box="[1284,1432,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. Freidberg</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36A479FFF6E83BFF7EF1EDFBB3FE00" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326190308" box="[151,1035,476,501]" collectingDate="2013-10-17" collectorName="N. Dorchin" country="Israel" location="Beer Sheva" municipality="Zomet Eshel" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-pupa="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF6E83BFF7EF1EDFF03FE00" box="[151,187,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 exuviae,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF6E83BFEABF1EDFE31FE00" box="[322,393,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="pupa">1pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFE7DF1EDFE6DFE00" box="[404,469,476,501]" name="Israel" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E81F8FFFFF6E83BFE09F1EDFDDBFE00" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F71F32FFF3E83BFF7EF285FD3DFAC5:8E81F8FFFFF6E83BFE09F1EDFDDBFE00" box="[480,611,476,501]" country="Israel" municipality="Zomet Eshel" name="Beer Sheva" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Beer Sheva</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B85345EFFF6E83BFD86F1EDFCB8FE00" box="[623,768,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Zomet Eshel</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE088E4FFF6E83BFCE2F1EDFCC6FE00" box="[779,894,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" value="2013-10-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA4710CFFF6E83BFCE2F1EDFCC6FE00" box="[779,894,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" value="2013-10-17">17.x.2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ABCBF2FFF6E83BFC60F1EDFBB3FE00" box="[905,1035,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">N. Dorchin</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C344FDAFFFF6E83BFF2EF1CEFAEBFDED" box="[199,1363,511,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF6E83BFF2EF1CEFAEBFDED" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1328]" box="[199,1363,511,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFF2EF1CEFED8FDED" bold="true" box="[199,352,511,536]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Circum-Mediterranean:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFD9FF1CEFD75FDED" box="[630,717,511,536]" name="Algeria" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFD31F1CEFC96FDED" box="[728,814,511,536]" name="Tunisia" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFCD0F1CEFCC5FDED" box="[825,893,511,536]" name="Libya" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFC60F231FC77FDED" box="[905,975,512,536]" name="Egypt" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFC33F1CEFBA3FDED" box="[986,1051,511,536]" name="Israel" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFBCFF1CEFBDCFDED" box="[1062,1124,511,536]" name="Syria" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFB86F1CEFB79FDED" box="[1135,1217,511,536]" name="Greece" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFB25F1CEFAB8FDED" box="[1228,1280,511,536]" name="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFAE5F1CEFAF7FDED" box="[1292,1359,511,536]" name="Spain" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C344FDAFFFF6E83BFF2EF215FD3DFAC5" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF6E83BFF2EF215FA24FBC6" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFF2EF215FEF7FDC8" bold="true" box="[199,335,548,573]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" reason="1">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFEBFF215FD8DFDC9" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[342,565,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFEBFF215FD8DFDC9" box="[342,565,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Asphondylia punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFD3D5FFF6E83BFCEAF215FC0AFDC8" author="Marchal, P." box="[771,946,548,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" pagination="19 - 25" refId="ref9083" refString="Marchal, P. (1897) Notes d'entomologie biologique sur une excursion en Algerie et en Tunisie. Lampromya Miki, nova species; Cecidies. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 19 - 25 & pls. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1897">Marchal (1897)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from a single female that was reared in late March from galls collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFE1FF276FDF5FD95" box="[502,589,583,608]" name="Tunisia" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The description was accompanied by a good drawing of the galls. Three years later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFD3D5FFF6E83BFEF0F25DFE5AFD70" author="De Stefani, T." box="[281,482,620,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref7983" refString="De Stefani, T. (1900) Zoocecidii e cecidiozoi dell' Atriplex halimus L. in Sicilia. Atti Accademia Gioienia Scienze Naturali (Catania), 77, 1 - 28 & pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1900">De Stefani (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFDB5F25DFC34FD70" authorityName="De Stefani" authorityYear="1900" box="[604,908,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conglomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFDB5F25DFC34FD70" box="[604,908,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Asphondylia conglomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sicily from the same host, and attributed to it
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5865ADFFF6E83BFF25F2BEFEFFFD5D" box="[204,327,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" type="generic" typeStatus="types">three types</specimenCount>
|
||
of galls: large rosettes on non-flowering twigs, small rosettes on flowering twigs, and round, bare galls in leaf axils. The detailed drawings of the rosette galls in that publication closely resemble those provided by Marchal, and the only morphological distinction De Stefani makes between the two species is that adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFA6DF2E9FE8BFCE0" authorityName="De Stefani" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conglomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFA6DF2E9FE8BFCE0" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. conglomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are generally red whereas those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFD28F2CDFC94FCE1" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[705,812,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFD28F2CDFC94FCE1" box="[705,812,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are brown.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFD3D5FFF6E83BFC5AF2CDFBE9FCE0" author="Houard, C." box="[947,1105,764,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" refId="ref8537" refString="Houard, C. (1908) Les Zoocecidies des Plantes d'Europe et du Bassin de la Mediterranee, Vol. 1. Librairie scientifique. A. Hermann et Fils, Paris, 564 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8967" type="book" year="1908">Houard (1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFD3D5FFF6E83BFBB4F2CDFB21FCE0" author="Houard, C." box="[1117,1177,764,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" refId="ref8590" refString="Houard, C. (1922) Les Zoocecidies des Plantes d'Afrique, d'Asie et d'Oceeanie. Vol. 2. Librairie scientifique Jules Hermann, Paris, 1056 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 50815" type="book" year="1922">1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in his illustrated keys to galls of Africa, Europe, and the Mediterranean Region, separated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFC72F311FBEEFCCD" authorityName="De Stefani" authorityYear="1900" box="[923,1110,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conglomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFC72F311FBEEFCCD" box="[923,1110,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. conglomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFB72F311FAB0FCC2" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[1179,1288,800,823]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFB72F311FAB0FCC2" box="[1179,1288,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the number of chambers in the galls and whether they are induced on flowering or non-flowering stems. His keys are accompanied by an excellent drawing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFD86F359FD64FC8A" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[623,732,872,895]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFD86F359FD64FC8A" box="[623,732,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
galls, showing multiple larval chambers in cross section. Yet another good description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFE3AF3BDFD36FC50" authorityName="De Stefani" authorityYear="1900" box="[467,654,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conglomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFE3AF3BDFD36FC50" box="[467,654,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. conglomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
galls was given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFD3D5FFF6E83BFC82F3BDFBFAFC50" author="Rubsaamen, E. H." box="[875,1090,908,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" pagination="243 - 336" refId="ref9330" refString="Rubsaamen, E. H. (1902) Mittheilung uber die von Herrn J. Bornmuller im Oriente gesammelten Zoocecidien. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, 16, 243 - 336." type="journal article" year="1902">Rübsaamen (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who examined galls that were collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFECBF39EFEDBFC3D" box="[290,355,943,968]" name="Israel" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
, near Jericho. Rübsaamen compared these galls with those from De Stefani’s collection, but he does not say why he decided that the Israeli galls and the exuviae found in them belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFB71F3E5FAEBFC18" authorityName="De Stefani" authorityYear="1900" box="[1176,1363,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conglomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFB71F3E5FAEBFC18" box="[1176,1363,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. conglomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFF07F3C9FEE3FBFA" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[238,347,1016,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFF07F3C9FEE3FBFA" box="[238,347,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Color differences between adults and the diversity in gall size are hardly reliable characters to justify separation between gall-midge species. We therefore make
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFC97F42DFB81FBC0" authorityName="De Stefani" authorityYear="1900" box="[894,1081,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conglomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFC97F42DFB81FBC0" box="[894,1081,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. conglomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFAC3F42DFA2DFBC1" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1897" box="[1322,1429,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFAC3F42DFA2DFBC1" box="[1322,1429,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. punica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1AE24FFF6E83BFF2EF471FD3DFAC5" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFF0CF40EFE9EFBAD" box="[229,294,1087,1112]" name="Israel" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
, there is great diversity in the size and number of chambers of rosette galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFB79F40EFAF2FBAD" box="[1168,1354,1087,1112]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFB79F40EFAF2FBAD" box="[1168,1354,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Atriplex halimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which probably reflects the condition of the plants on which they develop. This can account for the size differences mentioned by De Stefani between rosette galls on flowering and non-flowering shoots. The third
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E51086FFF6E83BFAFDF4B9FAFCFB55" box="[1300,1348,1160,1184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of gall attributed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFD3D5FFF6E83BFEDBF49DFDB9FB30" author="De Stefani, T." box="[306,513,1196,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref7983" refString="De Stefani, T. (1900) Zoocecidii e cecidiozoi dell' Atriplex halimus L. in Sicilia. Atti Accademia Gioienia Scienze Naturali (Catania), 77, 1 - 28 & pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1900">De Stefani (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFDC3F49DFD50FB30" authorityName="De Stefani" authorityYear="1900" box="[554,744,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conglomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFDC3F49DFD50FB30" box="[554,744,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">A. conglomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a small, spherical and glabrous gall in leaf axils. This is almost certainly a misidentification of the galls induced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5ED5A7FFF6E83BFCD2F4FEFBA7FB1D" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1898" box="[827,1055,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stefaniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atriplicis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A7236FFF6E83BFCD2F4FEFBA7FB1D" box="[827,1055,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Stefaniella atriplicis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which develops in stem and leaf mid-vein galls of various sizes on the same host plant.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFD3D5FFF6E83BFD12F4C5FC76FAF8" author="Rubsaamen, E. H." box="[763,974,1268,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="390" pagination="243 - 336" refId="ref9330" refString="Rubsaamen, E. H. (1902) Mittheilung uber die von Herrn J. Bornmuller im Oriente gesammelten Zoocecidien. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, 16, 243 - 336." type="journal article" year="1902">Rübsaamen (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined such galls from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F349EEB4FFF6E83BFB15F4C5FA82FAF8" box="[1276,1338,1268,1293]" name="Israel" pageId="7" pageNumber="390">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
but they were already empty when he received them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |