339 lines
47 KiB
XML
339 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="16896507B3E90519B33AD3131D6C6EFB" ID-DOI="10.5252/g2009n4a879" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5381265" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630292129496" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Kostopoulos, Dimitris S." docDate="2009" docId="03D687CB6737FFA1E9E8FE177EBFFDC0" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.2009.31.4.879-891.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 31 (4)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2009n4a879" docStyle="DocumentStyle:06460E2025300062676A2DBCBE4CBDE8.3:Geodiversitas.2009-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="06460E2025300062676A2DBCBE4CBDE8" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2009-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Prostrepsiceros vallesiensis Bouvrain 1982" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="884" masterDocId="FFEFFFB36736FFA4EB24FF817F3DFFD0" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the systematics and phylogeny of Bouvrain, 1982 (Mammalia, Bovidae)" masterLastPageNumber="891" masterPageNumber="879" pageNumber="880" updateTime="1699217224279" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6644A27761289CDFF8E124114F557C1F">
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<mods:title id="8C5C2388370B9473573088C21F584E4D">Contribution to the systematics and phylogeny of Bouvrain, 1982 (Mammalia, Bovidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6FD227CF1918B7C48C59BCDA8C1C6B7D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A841EA1A3301844AB4B6E3B58A851C5F">Kostopoulos, Dimitris S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AC615F16B6CBD96C8FA8D56852EFC33E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="98335AD493F063377C7FE88AC0337603">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="872B6463A1D6B17C963E962F970E2C27">
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<mods:date id="1512294E8877D8525DE58730C62D2CE2">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C5DCBCED433FD38927BBF370FB014664" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="D3002EE7AFA42F4661C267036923E841">2009-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0717FEF69BB49B45D1295B742E65CD25">31</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B7918BA2EF8AB7FDD01CFACC907BCE96">879</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="4142B1457E3546D2A146A648F5421872">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1A37B894609F1FFE686FD2D1A3288DFB" type="DOI">10.5252/g2009n4a879</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1FBC6603BE51CFB1DE5563107EFFB216" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D687CB6737FFA1E9E8FE177EBFFDC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D687CB6737FFA1E9E8FE177EBFFDC0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687CB6737FFA1E9E8FE177EBFFDC0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="884" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">
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<subSubSection id="C36565566737FFA5E9E8FE177BAFFE61" box="[716,1170,405,433]" pageId="1" pageNumber="880" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC036DD6737FFA5E9E8FE177BAFFE61" blockId="1.[716,1170,405,433]" box="[716,1170,405,433]" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">
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<heading id="D08881B16737FFA5E9E8FE177BAFFE61" box="[716,1170,405,433]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="880" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6737FFA5E9E8FE177BAFFE61" authority="Bouvrain, 1982" authorityName="Bouvrain" authorityYear="1982" box="[716,1170,405,433]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="1" pageNumber="880" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallesiensis">
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<emphasis id="B90BEACF6737FFA5E9E8FE177CDFFE60" bold="true" box="[716,994,405,432]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">Prostrepsiceros vallesiensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B2C6737FFA5E8CDFE177BAFFE61" author="BOUVRAIN G." box="[1001,1170,406,433]" pageId="1" pageNumber="880" pagination="113 - 124" refId="ref6153" refString="BOUVRAIN G. 1982. - Revision du genre Prostrepsiceros Major 1891 (Mammalia, Bovidae). Palaontologische Zeitschrift 56 (1 / 2): 113 - 124." type="journal article" year="1982">Bouvrain, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36565566737FFA5E981FE4E7CB8FD46" pageId="1" pageNumber="880" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC036DD6737FFA5E981FE4E7CB1FDD1" blockId="1.[675,1210,463,513]" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">
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<typeStatus id="54C4887F6737FFA5E981FE4E7C31FE35" box="[677,780,463,486]" pageId="1" pageNumber="880" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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. — Cranium RPl-234 illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B2C6737FFA5EF46FE4E7DDDFDD1" author="BOUVRAIN G." pageId="1" pageNumber="880" pagination="113 - 124" refId="ref6153" refString="BOUVRAIN G. 1982. - Revision du genre Prostrepsiceros Major 1891 (Mammalia, Bovidae). Palaontologische Zeitschrift 56 (1 / 2): 113 - 124." type="journal article" year="1982">Bouvrain (1982</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 2, 3);
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<figureCitation id="13442A586737FFA5E86AFE687CB1FDD1" box="[846,908,489,513]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1087,1104]" captionTargetBox="[113,1206,215,1034]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[113,1210,189,1081]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Prostrepsiceros vallesiensis Bouvrain, 1982, holotype skull RPl234: A, dorsal; B, lateral; C, occipital; D, ventral views. Scale bar: 4 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381267/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">Fig. 1.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036DD6737FFA5E981FD987DCCFD9C" blockId="1.[677,1209,537,588]" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">
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TYPE LOCALITY. — Ravin de la Pluie, Axios valley,
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<collectingCountry id="F368764D6737FFA5E983FDB57DD0FD9C" box="[679,749,564,588]" name="Greece" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">Greece</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036DD6737FFA5E981FDE57CB8FD46" blockId="1.[677,1210,611,662]" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">
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<collectionCode id="ED6EAE186737FFA5E981FDE57DE8FDA9" box="[677,725,612,635]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93c9-w2q7" name="University of Newcastle" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">NEW</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED6EAE186737FFA5E9FEFDE87CA5FDAA" box="[730,920,617,634]" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">REFERRED MATERIAL</collectionCode>
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. — Frontlet, RPl-115n; horncore, RPl-114n;
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<figureCitation id="13442A586737FFA5E862FDFF7CB8FD46" box="[838,901,638,662]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[113,124,1493,1510]" captionTargetBox="[121,1200,219,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[113,1210,214,1466]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. — Prostepsiceros vallesiensis Bouvrain, 1982 from RPl: A, B, C, lateral; D, posterior views. Scale bar: 4 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381269/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">Fig. 2.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36565566737FFA7E981FD2F7E6DFDBF" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="882" pageId="1" pageNumber="880" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC036DD6737FFA5E981FD2F7C97FD30" blockId="1.[677,1210,685,736]" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">DEPOSIT. — Laboratory of Geology & Paleontology, University of Thessaloniki.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036DD6737FFA5E981FD797B7EFB52" blockId="1.[675,1212,759,1154]" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">
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EMENDED DIAGNOSIS.
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<emphasis id="B90BEACF6737FFA5E859FD797B23FCDF" box="[893,1054,760,783]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">
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—
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6737FFA5E8BFFD797B23FCDF" authorityName="Major" authorityYear="1891" box="[923,1054,760,783]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="1" pageNumber="880" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Prostrepsiceros</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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of small size; females horned; basioccipital long and narrow with strong medial groove; nasal bones short, ending anteriorly at a single point; face slightly inclined to the opisthocranium; frontals very weakly inflated between the horn-cores in male individuals; supraorbital foramina small, round to pear-shaped and not sunken into pits; postcornual groove very shallow to almost absent; pedicels very short antero-laterally; horn-cores moderate in size compared to the skull; medio-lateral compression strong, increasing rapidly from the base to the top in females; moderate to strong postero-lateral and antero-medial keels; horn-cores weakly twisted (tighter in females) and very closely spiralled (more openly in females); primitive lower premolars; advanced hypsodonty; long, slender limbs.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036DD6737FFA5E981FB1A7DCDFB1C" blockId="1.[677,1209,1177,1228]" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">
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OTHER OCCURENCES. — Middle Sinap, locality 40,
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<collectingCountry id="F368764D6737FFA5E982FB357DD6FB1C" box="[678,747,1204,1228]" name="Turkey" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036DD6737FFA5E981FB647CDFFB2B" blockId="1.[677,994,1251,1277]" box="[677,994,1251,1277]" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">AGE. — Late Vallesian (MN10).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036DD6737FFA5E981FAAC7C08FA95" blockId="1.[677,1211,1325,1700]" box="[677,821,1325,1351]" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036DD6737FFA5E981FACD7C4EFAB6" blockId="1.[677,1211,1325,1700]" box="[677,883,1356,1383]" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">
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<emphasis id="B90BEACF6737FFA5E981FACD7C4EFAB6" box="[677,883,1356,1383]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">
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RPl-114n (
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<figureCitation id="13442A586737FFA5E83FFACC7C56FAB6" box="[795,875,1356,1383]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[113,124,1493,1510]" captionTargetBox="[121,1200,219,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[113,1210,214,1466]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. — Prostepsiceros vallesiensis Bouvrain, 1982 from RPl: A, B, C, lateral; D, posterior views. Scale bar: 4 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381269/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036DD6737FFA6E981FAED7D01F974" blockId="1.[677,1211,1325,1700]" lastBlockId="2.[111,648,1198,1700]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="881" pageId="1" pageNumber="880">
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Proximal part of a right horn-core with part of the frontal bone. The APD at the base is =
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<quantity id="4C879B386737FFA5EF56FA0D7B84FA77" box="[1138,1209,1420,1447]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="880" unit="mm" value="31.0">31mm</quantity>
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and the TD at the base is
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<quantity id="4C879B386737FFA5E89EFA2A7B27FA16" box="[954,1050,1451,1478]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.33" pageId="1" pageNumber="880" unit="mm" value="23.3">23.3mm</quantity>
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. The preserved length is about
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<quantity id="4C879B386737FFA5E876FA4A7C8CFA36" box="[850,945,1483,1510]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="880" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
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but the cross-section at the top level indicates a longer horn-core, which probably attains
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<quantity id="4C879B386737FFA5E872F98B7C88F9F5" box="[854,949,1546,1573]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="880" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 mm</quantity>
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. The pedicel is very short posteriorly and not distinct from the horn-core at the medial and antero-lateral sides. Thin discontinuous grooves run along the horn-core surface. The basal cross-section is oval to elliptical and becomes almost semicircular towards the distal tip. The zone of maximum transverse thickness at the base is short and lies anteriorly. Medio-lateral compression is strong (75%) and increases further from the base to the top. The lateral face is slightly convex at the base, becoming flat or even concave upwards. The medial face is strongly convex.Two keels are present; a rather sharp anterior keel descends antero-medially, whereas a blunt posterior keel, probably affected by rolling, descends postero-laterally, giving rise to an almost flat postero-medial basal surface. Spiralling is close with coils weakly deviating from the torsion axis of the horn-core.Torsion is rather loose; at
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<quantity id="4C879B386734FFA6EB4BF9CB7F8FF9B5" box="[111,178,1610,1637]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="881" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
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from the base the antero-medial keel takes a lateral position, whereas the posterior one is shifted postero-medially (~1/2 of a complete coil).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF0066556734FFA6EB55FBBE7FFAFBB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381267" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5381267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381267/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="881" startId="2.[113,124,1087,1104]" targetBox="[113,1206,215,1034]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BC036DD6734FFA6EB55FBBE7FFAFBB6" blockId="2.[113,1209,1086,1126]" pageId="2" pageNumber="881">
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FIG. 1. —
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6734FFA6EBE4FBBF7D15FB80" authority="Bouvrain, 1982" authorityName="Bouvrain" authorityYear="1982" box="[192,552,1086,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="881" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallesiensis">
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<emphasis id="B90BEACF6734FFA6EBE4FBBF7E9EFB9F" box="[192,419,1086,1103]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="881">Prostrepsiceros vallesiensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B2C6734FFA6EA8CFBBE7D15FB80" author="BOUVRAIN G." box="[424,552,1087,1104]" pageId="2" pageNumber="881" pagination="113 - 124" refId="ref6153" refString="BOUVRAIN G. 1982. - Revision du genre Prostrepsiceros Major 1891 (Mammalia, Bovidae). Palaontologische Zeitschrift 56 (1 / 2): 113 - 124." type="journal article" year="1982">Bouvrain, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, holotype skull RPl234:
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<emphasis id="B90BEACF6734FFA6E9C9FBBF7DC7FB9F" bold="true" box="[749,762,1086,1103]" pageId="2" pageNumber="881">A</emphasis>
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, dorsal;
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<emphasis id="B90BEACF6734FFA6E866FBBF7C72FB9F" bold="true" box="[834,847,1086,1103]" pageId="2" pageNumber="881">B</emphasis>
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, lateral;
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<emphasis id="B90BEACF6734FFA6E8B1FBBF7C9EFB9F" bold="true" box="[917,931,1086,1103]" pageId="2" pageNumber="881">C</emphasis>
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, occipital;
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<emphasis id="B90BEACF6734FFA6E8D9FBBF7B36FB9F" bold="true" box="[1021,1035,1086,1103]" pageId="2" pageNumber="881">D</emphasis>
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, ventral views. Scale bar: 4 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BC036DD6734FFA6E981FB2F7C8EFB18" blockId="2.[674,1210,1198,1700]" box="[677,947,1198,1224]" pageId="2" pageNumber="881">
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<emphasis id="B90BEACF6734FFA6E981FB2F7C8EFB18" box="[677,947,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="881">
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RPl-115n (
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<figureCitation id="13442A586734FFA6E83FFB2F7C96FB18" box="[795,939,1198,1224]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[113,124,1493,1510]" captionTargetBox="[121,1200,219,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[113,1210,214,1466]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. — Prostepsiceros vallesiensis Bouvrain, 1982 from RPl: A, B, C, lateral; D, posterior views. Scale bar: 4 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381269/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="881">Fig. 2A, B, D</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036DD6734FFA7E981FB4F7E6DFDBF" blockId="2.[674,1210,1198,1700]" lastBlockId="3.[112,648,216,623]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="882" pageId="2" pageNumber="881">
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Frontlet with proximal part of horn-cores. The back of the face slopes gently on the cranial roof. The mid-frontal suture is slightly raised in front of the pedicels. The frontals appear slightly thickened between the horn-cores. The supraorbital foramina are small, rounded and not sunken into pits; they are placed rather laterally compared to the descending point of the anterior keel. There are no sinuses in the frontals. The pedicel is observable only in the antero-lateral side of the horn-core base, while a smooth ridge occurs in its antero-medial face. The horn-cores are rather closely set on the cranial roof; the internal distance between the horn-core bases is
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<quantity id="4C879B386734FFA6E987F9E87C39F954" box="[675,772,1641,1668]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.77" pageId="2" pageNumber="881" unit="mm" value="17.7">17.7 mm</quantity>
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and the external one about
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<quantity id="4C879B386734FFA6EF06F9E87BBAF954" box="[1058,1159,1641,1668]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" pageId="2" pageNumber="881" unit="mm" value="70.5">70.5 mm</quantity>
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. The external distance between the supraorbital foramina is
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<quantity id="4C879B386735FFA7EBA3FF597FD6FF23" box="[135,235,216,243]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.53" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" unit="mm" value="35.3">35.3 mm</quantity>
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. The APD at the base of the right horncore is about
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<quantity id="4C879B386735FFA7EBDBFF797E70FEC3" box="[255,333,248,275]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
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and the TD is
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<quantity id="4C879B386735FFA7EAC9FF797D69FEC3" box="[493,596,248,275]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" unit="mm" value="20.4">20.4 mm</quantity>
|
|
. The horn-cores are moderately divergent (~40°). The major axis of the horn-core base (APD) forms an angle of about 45° with the sagittal plane of the skull. The horn-cores are strongly tilted backwards; their angle with the preserved part of cranial roof is about 35°. They show a strong posterior keel descending postero-laterally and a blunt anterior keel descending antero-medially; the latter seems however, to be post-mortem weathered. Their torsion and spiralling are similar to those of the specimen RPl-
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D79FD546735FFA7EA31FDD57E6DFDBF" box="[277,336,596,623]" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" type="generic">114n.</specimenCount>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C36565566735FFA1EB55FD157EBFFDC0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="884" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC036DD6735FFA7EB55FD157FE8FD7C" blockId="3.[111,648,660,1700]" box="[113,213,660,686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC036DD6735FFA7EB55FD327E04FBBA" blockId="3.[111,648,660,1700]" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">
|
|
According to the original diagnosis of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6735FFA7EADDFD357FE3FD3D" authorityName="Bouvrain" authorityYear="1982" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallesiensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6735FFA7EADDFD357FE3FD3D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">Prostrepsiceros vallesiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
given by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B2C6735FFA7EA65FD527D14FD3E" author="BOUVRAIN G." box="[321,553,723,750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" pagination="113 - 124" refId="ref6153" refString="BOUVRAIN G. 1982. - Revision du genre Prostrepsiceros Major 1891 (Mammalia, Bovidae). Palaontologische Zeitschrift 56 (1 / 2): 113 - 124." type="journal article" year="1982">Bouvrain (1982: 118)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
this species is characterized as: “
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6735FFA7EA4AFD727EC0FCDC" authorityName="Major" authorityYear="1891" box="[366,509,755,780]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6735FFA7EA4AFD727EC0FCDC" box="[366,509,755,780]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">Prostrepsiceros</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
of small size; horn-cores strongly compressed medio-laterally and small relatively to the skull; nasal bones short, ending anteriorly at a single point; face slightly inclined to the braincase; supraorbital foramina small and not sunken into pits” (translated from French). As
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B2C6735FFA7EBD6FC317EB3FC1B" author="GENTRY A. W." box="[242,398,944,971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" pagination="332 - 379" refId="ref6391" refString="GENTRY A. W. 2003. - Ruminantia (Artiodactyla), in FORTELIUS M., KAPPELMANN J., SEN S. & BERNOR R. (eds), Geology and Paleontology of the Miocene Sinap Formation, Turkey. Columbia University Press, New York: 332 - 379." type="book chapter" year="2003">Gentry (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
points out, the name of the species was spelled
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6735FFA7EA7BFC517EF9FC3A" box="[351,452,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">vallesienis</emphasis>
|
|
on the page where it was formally founded (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B2C6735FFA7EAAAFC717D4AFBDB" author="BOUVRAIN G." box="[398,631,1008,1035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" pagination="113 - 124" refId="ref6153" refString="BOUVRAIN G. 1982. - Revision du genre Prostrepsiceros Major 1891 (Mammalia, Bovidae). Palaontologische Zeitschrift 56 (1 / 2): 113 - 124." type="journal article" year="1982">Bouvrain 1982: 118</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), but it appears almost everywhere else as
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6735FFA7E903FB8E7FB2FB99" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6735FFA7E903FB8E7FB6FB99" authorityName="Bouvrain" authorityYear="1982" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallesiensis">vallesiensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
which should be considered as the valid name (ICZN Art. 32.5).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC036DD6735FFA7EBACFBEE7FD7FA77" blockId="3.[111,648,660,1700]" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">
|
|
As noted by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B2C6735FFA7EA32FBEE7EEDFB5A" author="BOUVRAIN G." box="[278,464,1135,1162]" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" pagination="113 - 124" refId="ref6153" refString="BOUVRAIN G. 1982. - Revision du genre Prostrepsiceros Major 1891 (Mammalia, Bovidae). Palaontologische Zeitschrift 56 (1 / 2): 113 - 124." type="journal article" year="1982">Bouvrain (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54C4887F6735FFA7E92CFBEE7D5AFB5A" box="[520,615,1135,1162]" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6735FFA7EB57FB0E7FC4FB78" authorityName="Bouvrain" authorityYear="1982" box="[115,249,1166,1192]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallesiensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6735FFA7EB57FB0E7FC4FB78" box="[115,249,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">P. vallesiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="13442A586735FFA7EA22FB0F7E7EFB79" box="[262,323,1166,1193]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1087,1104]" captionTargetBox="[113,1206,215,1034]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[113,1210,189,1081]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Prostrepsiceros vallesiensis Bouvrain, 1982, holotype skull RPl234: A, dorsal; B, lateral; C, occipital; D, ventral views. Scale bar: 4 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381267/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|
) belongs to a young adult individual; the M3 is fully erupted but in the first stage of wear. Although the cranium represents a pre-mature stage of ontogenetic development, its horn-core morphology and size should correspond to a final stage. In similar sized extant antilopines (e.g.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6735FFA7EB94FACD7E7BFAB6" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[176,326,1356,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorcas">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6735FFA7EB94FACD7E7BFAB6" box="[176,326,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">Gazella dorcas</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) a fully erupted and unworn M3 is usually associated with completely developed horn-cores.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC036DD6735FFA7EBACFA2A7B1FFCDD" blockId="3.[111,648,660,1700]" lastBlockId="3.[674,1212,216,1700]" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">
|
|
The two new specimens RPl-114n and RPl-115n share in common with the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54C4887F6735FFA7EAAAFA4A7ED0FA36" box="[398,493,1483,1510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
cranium RPl- 234 of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6735FFA7EBE0FA6A7E73F9D5" authorityName="Bouvrain" authorityYear="1982" box="[196,334,1515,1541]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallesiensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6735FFA7EBE0FA6A7E73F9D5" box="[196,334,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">P. vallesiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
the weak inclination of the face on the cranial roof, the small and rounded supraorbital foramina without surrounding pits, and the general pattern of the horn-core morphology with close spiralling and loose torsion, strong medio-lateral compression and two more or less equally developed keels (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13442A586735FFA7E893FF597CC1FF23" box="[951,1020,216,243]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[113,124,1493,1510]" captionTargetBox="[121,1200,219,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[113,1210,214,1466]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. — Prostepsiceros vallesiensis Bouvrain, 1982 from RPl: A, B, C, lateral; D, posterior views. Scale bar: 4 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381269/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|
). There is, therefore, no doubt that both new specimens belong to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6735FFA7E9E1FE997C6CFEE1" authorityName="Bouvrain" authorityYear="1982" box="[709,849,279,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallesiensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6735FFA7E9E1FE997C6CFEE1" box="[709,849,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">P. vallesiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Their absolute dimensions are, however, significantly larger (at about 10-15% in skull measures and 30-40% in horn-core dimensions;
|
|
<figureCitation id="13442A586735FFA7E9CDFEF77C1AFE41" box="[745,807,374,401]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,856,873]" captionTargetBox="[244,1082,218,793]" captionTargetId="graphics-17@6.[301,1076,218,738]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Scatter diagram comparing the horn-core basal dimensions of several late Miocene spiral-horned antelopes.Prostepsiceros libycus Lehman & Thomas, 1987 is placed outside the present metrical frame; ●, P. vallesiensis Bouvrain, 1982 holotype; ○, P. vallesiensis RP1 114n,115n; ◆, Dytikodorcas longicornis Bouvrain & Bonis,2007;■, P.vinayaki (Pilgrim,1939) holotype;□, P. aff.vinayaki Baynunah; ▲, P. vallesiensis M. Sinap Loc. 40; ▲, Prostrepsiceros sp. M. Sinap Loc. 91; △, P. aff. vallesiensis Middle Sinap. Abbreviations: APD, anteroposterior diameter; DT, transverse diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381271/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
) than those of the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54C4887F6735FFA7E8DDFEF77B66FE41" box="[1017,1115,374,401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
, indicating important intraspecific variability. Equivalent size differences are quite commonly displayed in sexually-dimorphic living and extinct bovids of open landscapes. Other morphological features come across as sexual dimorphism as well: even partly destroyed, the frontals of the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54C4887F6735FFA7E8F3FDB57B08FD9F" box="[983,1077,564,591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
do not show the slight thickening between the horn bases seen in RPl-115n, whereas the horn-cores of RPl-234 are comparatively more widely spaced at their bases than those of RPl-115n (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13442A586735FFA7E895FD327CC9FD1E" box="[945,1012,691,718]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1087,1104]" captionTargetBox="[113,1206,215,1034]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[113,1210,189,1081]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Prostrepsiceros vallesiensis Bouvrain, 1982, holotype skull RPl234: A, dorsal; B, lateral; C, occipital; D, ventral views. Scale bar: 4 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381267/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="13442A586735FFA7EF26FD327B2FFD1E" box="[1026,1042,691,718]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[113,124,1493,1510]" captionTargetBox="[121,1200,219,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[113,1210,214,1466]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. — Prostepsiceros vallesiensis Bouvrain, 1982 from RPl: A, B, C, lateral; D, posterior views. Scale bar: 4 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381269/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">2</figureCitation>
|
|
). Both features are usually indicative of horned female bovids in contrast to their male counterparts.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC036DD6735FFA7E99FFC937B78FA77" blockId="3.[674,1212,216,1700]" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">
|
|
Judging from the comparison it is, consequently, suggested that the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54C4887F6735FFA7E844FCB37C81FC9D" box="[864,956,818,845]" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
cranium of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6735FFA7EF1EFCB27B87FC9C" authorityName="Bouvrain" authorityYear="1982" box="[1082,1210,818,844]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallesiensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6735FFA7EF1EFCB27B87FC9C" box="[1082,1210,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">P. vallesiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
should be ascribed to a female individual. According to this concept, the males of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6735FFA7E8E9FCF37B6DFC5B" authorityName="Bouvrain" authorityYear="1982" box="[973,1104,881,907]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallesiensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6735FFA7E8E9FCF37B6DFC5B" box="[973,1104,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">P. vallesiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are larger, with thickened interfrontal region and more closely set horn-cores on the cranial roof, more loosely twisted and less coiled with a more convex medial face, elliptical to semicircular cross-section (instead of elliptical to spindle-shaped in females) and weaker medio-lateral compression towards the distal tips. The TD*100/APD index at the base is
|
|
<quantity id="4C879B386735FFA7EF70FBCE7BB2FBBA" box="[1108,1167,1103,1130]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" unit="in" value="72.0">72 in</quantity>
|
|
the type specimen (RPl-234) vs.
|
|
<quantity id="4C879B386735FFA7E8FBFBEE7B25FB5A" box="[991,1048,1135,1162]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7271999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" unit="in" value="68.0">68 in</quantity>
|
|
RPl-115n and
|
|
<quantity id="4C879B386735FFA7E981FB0F7DE0FB79" box="[677,733,1166,1193]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.905" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" unit="in" value="75.0">75 in</quantity>
|
|
RPl-
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D79FD546735FFA7E83CFB0F7C69FB79" box="[792,852,1166,1193]" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" type="generic">114n.</specimenCount>
|
|
At
|
|
<quantity id="4C879B386735FFA7E85DFB0F7C93FB79" box="[889,942,1166,1193]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
|
above the base, however, the same index becomes
|
|
<quantity id="4C879B386735FFA7E88DFB2F7CC8FB19" box="[937,1013,1198,1225]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2573" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" unit="in" value="49.5">49.5 in</quantity>
|
|
the type specimen vs. 69.6 and 69.2 for the other two, indicating that the females have more compressed and faster tapering horn-cores than the males. The diagnosis of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6735FFA7E9E5FAAC7C7BFA97" authorityName="Bouvrain" authorityYear="1982" box="[705,838,1325,1351]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallesiensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6735FFA7E9E5FAAC7C7BFA97" box="[705,838,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">P. vallesiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is, consequently, modified according to the new data, while the remaining cranial, postcranial and dental features follow
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B2C6735FFA7EF71FAED7DCDFA77" author="BOUVRAIN G." pageId="3" pageNumber="882" pagination="113 - 124" refId="ref6153" refString="BOUVRAIN G. 1982. - Revision du genre Prostrepsiceros Major 1891 (Mammalia, Bovidae). Palaontologische Zeitschrift 56 (1 / 2): 113 - 124." type="journal article" year="1982">Bouvrain (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B2C6735FFA7E803FA0D7B7DFA77" author="BOUVRAIN G. & BONIS L. DE" box="[807,1088,1420,1447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" pagination="257 - 299" refId="ref6184" refString="BOUVRAIN G. & BONIS L. DE 1985. - Le genre Samotragus (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) une antilope du Miocene superieur de Grece. Annales de Paleontologie 71 (4): 257 - 299." type="journal article" year="1985">Bouvrain & Bonis (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC036DD6735FFA0E99FFA2A7DBBF974" blockId="3.[674,1212,216,1700]" lastBlockId="4.[112,647,1578,1700]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="883" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">
|
|
Outside the Axios valley, forms referred to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6735FFA7EF5FFA2D7DCEFA35" authorityName="Bouvrain" authorityYear="1982" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallesiensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6735FFA7EF5FFA2D7DCEFA35" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">P. vallesiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have been recently described from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F368764D6735FFA7EF4EFA4A7B8AFA36" box="[1130,1207,1483,1510]" name="Turkey" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
|
. The specimen Loc. 40 89.457 from the MN 10 of Middle Sinap is described and figured by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B2C6735FFA7EF48F98B7C1DF995" author="GENTRY A. W." pageId="3" pageNumber="882" pagination="332 - 379" refId="ref6391" refString="GENTRY A. W. 2003. - Ruminantia (Artiodactyla), in FORTELIUS M., KAPPELMANN J., SEN S. & BERNOR R. (eds), Geology and Paleontology of the Miocene Sinap Formation, Turkey. Columbia University Press, New York: 332 - 379." type="book chapter" year="2003">Gentry (2003: 350</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, fig.15.12) as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6735FFA7E891F9AA7B5CF994" authorityName="Bouvrain" authorityYear="1982" box="[949,1121,1578,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="882" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallesiensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6735FFA7E891F9AA7CFAF994" box="[949,967,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">P.</emphasis>
|
|
aff.
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6735FFA7E8D0F9AB7B5CF994" box="[1012,1121,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">vallesiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
because it is similar to the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54C4887F6735FFA7E856F9CB7C9DF9B5" box="[882,928,1610,1637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="882">type</typeStatus>
|
|
of this species but larger, less twisted, with less prominent postero-lateral keel and more convex medial surface. As already mentioned, these differences fall into the observed intraspecific variation seen in the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54C4887F6732FFA0EAF2F9CB7D39F9B5" box="[470,516,1610,1637]" pageId="4" pageNumber="883">type</typeStatus>
|
|
locality and they are interpreted as sexual dimorphism. The Turkish specimen shows great morphological and
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF0066556732FFA0EB55FA547D34FA2D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381269" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5381269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381269/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="883" startId="4.[113,124,1493,1510]" targetBox="[121,1200,219,1460]" targetPageId="4">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC036DD6732FFA0EB55FA547D34FA2D" blockId="4.[113,667,1493,1533]" pageId="4" pageNumber="883">
|
|
FIG. 2. —
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<emphasis id="B90BEACF6732FFA0EBE2FA547E7FFA36" box="[198,322,1493,1510]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="883">Prostepsiceros</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6732FFA0EA6DFA547D10FA36" authority="Bouvrain, 1982" authorityName="Bouvrain" authorityYear="1982" box="[329,557,1493,1510]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="883" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallesiensis">
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<emphasis id="B90BEACF6732FFA0EA6DFA547E9BFA36" box="[329,422,1493,1510]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="883">vallesiensis</emphasis>
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B2C6732FFA0EA89FA547D10FA36" author="BOUVRAIN G." box="[429,557,1493,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="883" pagination="113 - 124" refId="ref6153" refString="BOUVRAIN G. 1982. - Revision du genre Prostrepsiceros Major 1891 (Mammalia, Bovidae). Palaontologische Zeitschrift 56 (1 / 2): 113 - 124." type="journal article" year="1982">Bouvrain, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
from RPl:
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<emphasis id="B90BEACF6732FFA0E9AEFA547DAAFA36" bold="true" box="[650,663,1493,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="883">A</emphasis>
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|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6732FFA0EB57FA6D7F42FA2D" bold="true" box="[115,127,1516,1533]" pageId="4" pageNumber="883">B</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6732FFA0EBADFA6D7FAAFA2D" bold="true" box="[137,151,1516,1533]" pageId="4" pageNumber="883">C</emphasis>
|
|
, lateral;
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|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6732FFA0EBFAFA6D7FD1FA2D" bold="true" box="[222,236,1516,1533]" pageId="4" pageNumber="883">D</emphasis>
|
|
, posterior views. Scale bar: 4 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BC036DD6732FFA0E986FA547B86FA36" blockId="4.[674,1211,1493,1510]" box="[674,1211,1493,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="883">
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<emphasis id="B90BEACF6732FFA0E986FA547D92FA36" bold="true" box="[674,687,1493,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="883">B</emphasis>
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|
,
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<emphasis id="B90BEACF6732FFA0E99FFA547DF4FA36" bold="true" box="[699,713,1493,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="883">D</emphasis>
|
|
, frontlet RPl115n;
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6732FFA0E84DFA547C4AFA36" bold="true" box="[873,887,1493,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="883">C</emphasis>
|
|
, right horn-core RPl114n;
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6732FFA0EF7FFA547B55FA36" bold="true" box="[1115,1128,1493,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="883">A</emphasis>
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, anterior;
|
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</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="8BC036DD6732FFA0E981F9AB7BA2F974" blockId="4.[675,1210,1578,1700]" pageId="4" pageNumber="883">
|
|
dimensional similarity to the male specimen RPl- 114n (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13442A586732FFA0E9CEF9CB7C15F9B5" box="[746,808,1610,1637]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,856,873]" captionTargetBox="[244,1082,218,793]" captionTargetId="graphics-17@6.[301,1076,218,738]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Scatter diagram comparing the horn-core basal dimensions of several late Miocene spiral-horned antelopes.Prostepsiceros libycus Lehman & Thomas, 1987 is placed outside the present metrical frame; ●, P. vallesiensis Bouvrain, 1982 holotype; ○, P. vallesiensis RP1 114n,115n; ◆, Dytikodorcas longicornis Bouvrain & Bonis,2007;■, P.vinayaki (Pilgrim,1939) holotype;□, P. aff.vinayaki Baynunah; ▲, P. vallesiensis M. Sinap Loc. 40; ▲, Prostrepsiceros sp. M. Sinap Loc. 91; △, P. aff. vallesiensis Middle Sinap. Abbreviations: APD, anteroposterior diameter; DT, transverse diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381271/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="883">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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|
) and it could therefore be fully attributed to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6732FFA0E9D1F9EB7C4AF953" authorityName="Bouvrain" authorityYear="1982" box="[757,887,1641,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="883" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallesiensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6732FFA0E9D1F9EB7C4AF953" box="[757,887,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="883">P.vallesiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; the compatible geological age of both forms further supports such a decision.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC036DD6733FFA1EBACFF597EBFFDC0" blockId="5.[113,648,216,528]" pageId="5" pageNumber="884">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B2C6733FFA1EBACFF597E1BFF23" author="GENTRY A. W." box="[136,294,216,243]" pageId="5" pageNumber="884" pagination="332 - 379" refId="ref6391" refString="GENTRY A. W. 2003. - Ruminantia (Artiodactyla), in FORTELIUS M., KAPPELMANN J., SEN S. & BERNOR R. (eds), Geology and Paleontology of the Miocene Sinap Formation, Turkey. Columbia University Press, New York: 332 - 379." type="book chapter" year="2003">Gentry (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
also referred to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6733FFA1EAF6FF587DBAFF23" box="[466,647,216,243]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="884" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6733FFA1EAF6FF587D5FFF22" box="[466,610,217,242]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="884">Prostrepsiceros</emphasis>
|
|
sp.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
a few additional specimens from the MN 9 of Middle Sinap (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13442A586733FFA1EA3BFE967E5EFEE2" box="[287,355,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,856,873]" captionTargetBox="[244,1082,218,793]" captionTargetId="graphics-17@6.[301,1076,218,738]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Scatter diagram comparing the horn-core basal dimensions of several late Miocene spiral-horned antelopes.Prostepsiceros libycus Lehman & Thomas, 1987 is placed outside the present metrical frame; ●, P. vallesiensis Bouvrain, 1982 holotype; ○, P. vallesiensis RP1 114n,115n; ◆, Dytikodorcas longicornis Bouvrain & Bonis,2007;■, P.vinayaki (Pilgrim,1939) holotype;□, P. aff.vinayaki Baynunah; ▲, P. vallesiensis M. Sinap Loc. 40; ▲, Prostrepsiceros sp. M. Sinap Loc. 91; △, P. aff. vallesiensis Middle Sinap. Abbreviations: APD, anteroposterior diameter; DT, transverse diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381271/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="884">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
), mentioning affinities to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6733FFA1EB56FEB97FC6FE81" authorityName="Bouvrain" authorityYear="1982" box="[114,251,311,337]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="884" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallesiensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6733FFA1EB56FEB97FC6FE81" box="[114,251,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="884">P. vallesiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Although the described specimens are collected from different sites, they show most of the characters credited to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6733FFA1EA9DFEF67D7AFE40" authorityName="Bouvrain" authorityYear="1982" box="[441,583,374,400]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="884" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallesiensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6733FFA1EA9DFEF67D7AFE40" box="[441,583,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="884">P. vallesiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from RPl. As
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B2C6733FFA1EBEBFE177E52FE61" author="GENTRY A. W." box="[207,367,406,433]" pageId="5" pageNumber="884" pagination="332 - 379" refId="ref6391" refString="GENTRY A. W. 2003. - Ruminantia (Artiodactyla), in FORTELIUS M., KAPPELMANN J., SEN S. & BERNOR R. (eds), Geology and Paleontology of the Miocene Sinap Formation, Turkey. Columbia University Press, New York: 332 - 379." type="book chapter" year="2003">Gentry (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
points out, the most important differences of the Loc.
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D79FD546733FFA1EA9FFE377D76FE01" box="[443,587,438,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="884" type="generic">91 specimens</specimenCount>
|
|
from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D5E6733FFA1EB55FE577FCBFE3F" authorityName="Bouvrain" authorityYear="1982" box="[113,246,469,495]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Prostrepsiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="884" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vallesiensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90BEACF6733FFA1EB55FE577FCBFE3F" box="[113,246,469,495]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="884">P. vallesiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are the weaker spiralling and the narrower dorsal orbital rims.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |