827 lines
162 KiB
XML
827 lines
162 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A8A8B02700E9E5286C5DBD7B5FC65A74">Redescriptions of Neanthes Kinberg, 1865 (Annelida: Errantia: Nereididae) species from worldwide regions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B8C1DA5E150F2AD96CAF795F57E22232">Villalobos-Guerrero, Tulio F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="26E588C0EA986800AE75D6D9BB2926C1">Depto. Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, 77000, Mexico. Research and Exhibitions Department, Iziko Museums of South Africa, 25 Queen Victoria St, Gardens, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa. South China Sea Repository and Reference Centre, Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="95DB2E2F3207B3CE3239846BB96A2F9B" type="email">izwandy.idris@umt.edu.my</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="BE1C4C75DFF3301D5A6AFD3E48F7CBC0">Kara, Jyothi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8310C4EE57F008DCF24AF586A9FB037D">Research and Exhibitions Department, Iziko Museums of South Africa, 25 Queen Victoria St, Gardens, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4779EF3B0840D01EBFBCA0DCCF6C42C6" type="email">jyothi.kara@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7A03001542E59D7EFDF8C8AC4D61A4D0">Idris, Izwandy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4D603ED642BAFD16EE2A62D808615594">South China Sea Repository and Reference Centre, Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="45775C5F565031CFD6B61A6DBD724344">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03D687C6FFBEF520FD8BFEECFB83FB37" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5122984" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183727617" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5122984" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D687C6FFBEF520FD8BFEECFB83FB37" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687C6FFBEF520FD8BFEECFB83FB37" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<subSubSection id="C365655BFFBEF52BFD8BFEECFBF2FEB6" box="[562,1026,264,291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFD8BFEECFBF2FEB6" blockId="3.[562,1026,264,326]" box="[562,1026,264,291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<heading id="D08881BCFFBEF52BFD8BFEECFBF2FEB6" box="[562,1026,264,291]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBEF52BFD8BFEECFBF2FEB6" ID-CoL="45Y3Y" authority="(Southern, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Southern" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[562,1026,264,291]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chilkaensis">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBEF52BFD8BFEECFCC3FEB6" bold="true" box="[562,819,264,291]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Neanthes chilkaensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBEF52BFCFBFEEDFC09FEB6" author="Southern R." box="[834,1017,265,291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="563 - 659" refId="ref22277" refString="Southern R. 1921. Polychaeta of the Chilka Lake and also of fresh and brackish waters in other parts of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 5: 563 - 659." type="journal article" year="1921">Southern, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C365655BFFBEF52BFD4EFEC8FCCCFED3" box="[759,828,300,326]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFD4EFEC8FCCCFED3" blockId="3.[562,1026,264,326]" box="[759,828,300,326]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<figureCitation id="13442A55FFBEF52BFD4EFEC8FCCCFED3" box="[759,828,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C365655BFFBEF52BFF04FE8AFB29FD08" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFF04FE8AFE71FE3E" blockId="3.[189,1398,365,427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F11FEFFBEF52BFF04FE8AFE71FE3E" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBEF52BFF04FE8AFCFBFE1D" ID-CoL="85RMW" authority="Southern, 1921: 52" authorityName="Southern" authorityPageNumber="52" authorityYear="1921" box="[189,779,365,392]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chilkaensis" subGenus="Nereis">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBEF52BFF04FE8AFEF9FE12" box="[189,265,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Nereis</emphasis>
|
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(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBEF52BFEA0FE8AFE94FE12" box="[281,356,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Nereis</emphasis>
|
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)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBEF52BFECCFE8AFE07FE1D" box="[373,503,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">chilkaensis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10C1FFBEF52BFE44FE8AFCFBFE1D" author="Southern R." box="[509,779,365,392]" page="52" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="1921">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBEF52BFE44FE8AFCFBFE1D" author="Southern R." box="[509,779,365,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="563 - 659" refId="ref22277" refString="Southern R. 1921. Polychaeta of the Chilka Lake and also of fresh and brackish waters in other parts of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 5: 563 - 659." type="journal article" year="1921">Southern, 1921: 52–54</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 22, fig. 8a–r, text-fig. 4a–c [
|
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<typeStatus id="54C48872FFBEF52BFBC4FE8AFB42FE1D" box="[1149,1202,366,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Chilika Lake,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687640FFBEF52BFE8DFE74FE87FE3E" box="[308,375,400,427]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">India</collectingCountry>
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].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFF04FE37FB9AFE79" blockId="3.[189,1399,466,669]" box="[189,1130,466,493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F11FEFFBEF52BFF04FE37FB9AFE79" box="[189,1130,466,493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBEF52BFF04FE37FE62FE79" ID-CoL="85RMW" authorityName="Southern" authorityYear="1921" box="[189,402,466,492]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chilkaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBEF52BFF04FE37FE62FE79" box="[189,402,466,492]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Nereis chilkaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10C1FFBEF52BFE16FE36FD6EFE78" author="Fauvel P." box="[431,670,466,493]" page="94" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="1932">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBEF52BFE16FE36FD6EFE78" author="Fauvel P." box="[431,670,466,493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref20199" refString="Fauvel P. 1932. Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 12: 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1932">Fauvel 1932: 94–95</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10C1FFBEF52BFD13FE36FCD3FE78" author="Fauvel P." box="[682,803,466,493]" page="258" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="1940">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBEF52BFD13FE36FCD3FE78" author="Fauvel P." box="[682,803,466,493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="253 - 568" refId="ref20224" refString="Fauvel P. 1940. On a small collection of Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Records of the Indian Museum 422: 253 - 568." type="journal article" year="1940">1940: 258</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10C1FFBEF52BFC96FE36FC13FE78" author="Fauvel P." box="[815,995,466,493]" page="185" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="1953">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBEF52BFC96FE36FC13FE78" author="Fauvel P." box="[815,995,466,493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refId="ref20254" refString="Fauvel P. 1953. The Fauna of India including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya: Annelida, Polychaeta. Indian Press, Allahabad." type="book" year="1953">1953: 185–186</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 94a–c.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFF04FE11FD21FDEC" blockId="3.[189,1399,466,669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F11FEFFBEF52BFF04FE11FD21FDEC" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBEF52BFF04FE11FE43FD9A" ID-CoL="45Y3Y" baseAuthorityName="Southern" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[189,435,501,527]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chilkaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBEF52BFF04FE11FE43FD9A" box="[189,435,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Neanthes chilkaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10C1FFBEF52BFE76FE12FD46FD85" author="Hartman O." box="[463,694,501,528]" page="250" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="1959">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBEF52BFE76FE12FD46FD85" author="Hartman O." box="[463,694,501,528]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 353" refId="ref20606" refString="Hartman O. 1959. Catalogue of the polychaetous annelids of the world, 1. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation 23: 1 - 353." type="journal article" year="1959">Hartman 1959: 250</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10C1FFBEF52BFD78FE12FCCAFD9A" author="Hartman O." box="[705,826,501,528]" page="618" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="1974">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBEF52BFD78FE12FCCAFD9A" author="Hartman O." box="[705,826,501,528]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="609 - 644" refId="ref20635" refString="Hartman O. 1974. Polychaetous annelids of the Indian Ocean including an account of species collected by members of the International Indian Ocean Expeditions, 1963 - 1964 and a catalogue and bibliography of the species from India, Part 2. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 16: 609 - 644." type="journal article" year="1974">1974: 618</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10C1FFBEF52BFCD1FE11FBA0FD85" author="Fauchald K." box="[872,1104,501,528]" page="409" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="1972">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBEF52BFCD1FE11FBA0FD85" author="Fauchald K." box="[872,1104,501,528]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 575" refId="ref20097" refString="Fauchald K. 1972. Benthic polychaetous annelids from deep water off western Mexico and adjacent areas in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Allan Hancock Foundation Monographs in Marine Biology 7: 1 - 575. Available from https: // repository. si. edu / handle / 10088 / 6207 [accessed 1 Jul. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1972">Fauchald 1972: 409</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(group IIB 1). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10C1FFBEF52BFA9AFE11FE90FDA6" author="Wilson R. S." page="225" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="1984">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBEF52BFA9AFE11FE90FDA6" author="Wilson R. S." pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="209 - 226" refId="ref22922" refString="Wilson R. S. 1984. Neanthes (Polychaeta: Nereididae) from Victoria with descriptions of two new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 96: 209 - 226." type="journal article" year="1984">Wilson 1984: 225</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(group IIB 1) (all previous in species list). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10C1FFBEF52BFC38FDFDFAC5FDA6" author="Sunder Raj S. K. & Sanjeeva Raj P. J." box="[897,1333,537,563]" page="92" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="1987">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBEF52BFC38FDFDFAC5FDA6" author="Sunder Raj S. K. & Sanjeeva Raj P. J." box="[897,1333,537,563]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="84 - 104" refId="ref22311" refString="Sunder Raj S. K. & Sanjeeva Raj P. J. 1987. Polychaeta of the Pulicat Lake (Tamil Nadu). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 84 (1): 84 - 104." type="journal article" year="1987">Sunder Raj & Sanjeeva Raj 1987: 92</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 3 fig. 7. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10C1FFBEF52BFEEEFDD8FD3FFDC3" author="Nesemann H. & Sharma S." box="[343,719,572,598]" page="106" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBEF52BFEEEFDD8FD3FFDC3" author="Nesemann H. & Sharma S." box="[343,719,572,598]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="103 - 110" refId="ref21498" refString="Nesemann H. & Sharma S. 2007. Class Polychaeta. In: Nesemann H., Sharma S., Sharma G., Khanal S. N., Pradhan B., Shah D. N. & Tachamo R. D. (eds) Aquatic Invertebrates of the Ganga River System (Mollusca, Annelida, Crustacea [in part]). Volume 1: 103 - 110. Chandi Media Pvt. Ltd, Nepal." type="journal article" year="2007">Nesemann & Sharma 2007: 106</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 110, pl. 29 figs 1–2. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10C1FFBEF52BFC51FDD8FEE6FDEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5122984" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5122984" author="Villalobos-Guerrero T. F. & Idris I." httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687C6FFBEF520FD8BFEECFB83FB37" page="559" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="2021">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBEF52BFC51FDD8FEE6FDEF" author="Villalobos-Guerrero T. F. & Idris I." pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="556 - 594" refId="ref22785" refString="Villalobos-Guerrero T. F. & Idris I. 2021. Reproductive morphology and redescriptions of some Neanthes Kinberg, 1865 (Annelida: Nereididae) species from the southeastern Asian seas, with comparative synoptic tables of accepted species. The European Zoological Journal 88 (1): 556 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 24750263.2021.1899318" type="journal article" year="2021">Villalobos-Guerrero & Idris 2021: 559</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(table 1), 561 (table 2), 564 (table 3).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFF04FD67FB29FD08" blockId="3.[189,1399,466,669]" box="[189,1241,642,669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F11FEFFBEF52BFF04FD67FB29FD08" box="[189,1241,642,669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBEF52BFF04FD67FDEAFD09" ID-CoL="85RMW" authorityName="Southern" authorityYear="1921" box="[189,538,642,669]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chilkaensis" subGenus="Neanthes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBEF52BFF04FD67FEF9FD09" box="[189,265,643,668]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Nereis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBEF52BFEA3FD66FE77FD09" box="[282,391,642,668]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Neanthes</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBEF52BFE21FD66FDEAFD09" box="[408,538,642,668]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">chilkaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10C1FFBEF52BFD81FD66FCC0FD09" author="Misra A. & Chakraborty R. K. & Soota T. D." box="[568,816,642,668]" page="72" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="1987">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBEF52BFD81FD66FCC0FD09" author="Misra A. & Chakraborty R. K. & Soota T. D." box="[568,816,642,668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="69 - 89" refId="ref21341" refString="Misra A., Chakraborty R. K. & Soota T. D. 1987. Polychaeta. In: Director (ed.) Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, Series 1: 69 - 89. State Fauna Series, Fauna of Orissa." type="book chapter" year="1987">
|
||
Misra
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBEF52BFD3AFD67FD4EFD09" box="[643,702,642,668]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1987: 72
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10C1FFBEF52BFCD9FD67FB25FD08" author="Nageswara Rao C. A." box="[864,1237,642,669]" page="324" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="1995">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBEF52BFCD9FD67FB25FD08" author="Nageswara Rao C. A." box="[864,1237,642,669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="319 - 325" refId="ref21459" refString="Nageswara Rao C. A. 1995. Annelida: Polychaeta. In: Director (ed.) Wetland Ecosystem Series, Fauna of Chilka Lake: 319 - 325. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta." type="book chapter" year="1995">Nageswara Rao 1995: 324–325</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C365655BFFBEF52BFF04FD20FC4BFB9C" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFF04FD20FE9CFD48" blockId="3.[189,364,707,734]" box="[189,364,707,734]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<heading id="D08881BCFFBEF52BFF04FD20FE9CFD48" bold="true" box="[189,364,707,734]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBEF52BFF04FD20FE9CFD48" bold="true" box="[189,364,707,734]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Type material</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFF53FD16FDA6FC98" blockId="3.[189,1398,754,851]" box="[234,598,754,781]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBEF52BFF53FD16FE96FC99" bold="true" box="[234,358,754,780]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48872FFBEF52BFF53FD16FE96FC99" box="[234,358,754,780]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(hereby designated)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFF04FCF2FDF1FCC6" blockId="3.[189,1398,754,851]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B173C8DFFBEF52BFF04FCF2FDF1FCC6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326566307" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Chilka Lake Survey" country="India" county="Chilika Lake" location="Chilika Lake" municipality="Chilka Lake" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" specimenCode="NHMUK 1938.5.7.27." specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Orissa" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687640FFBEF52BFF04FCF2FEFEFCA5" box="[189,270,790,816]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
• atokous;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BBF832FFBEF52BFE29FCF1FE2EFCBA" box="[400,478,789,815]" country="India" name="Odisha" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Orissa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EA0600BFFBEF52BFE50FCF1FD74FCBA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D687C6FFBEF520FD8BFEECFB83FB37:8EA0600BFFBEF52BFE50FCF1FD74FCBA" box="[489,644,789,815]" country="India" county="Chilika Lake" municipality="Chilka Lake" name="Chilika Lake" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" stateProvince="Orissa">Chilika Lake</location>
|
||
, “Maludaikuda” [now
|
||
<location id="8EA0600BFFBEF52BFC34FCF1FBDAFCA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D687C6FFBEF520FD8BFEECFB83FB37:8EA0600BFFBEF52BFC34FCF1FBDAFCA5" box="[909,1066,789,816]" country="India" county="Chilika Lake" municipality="Chilka Lake" name="Maladeikuda" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" stateProvince="Orissa">Maladeikuda</location>
|
||
] Island;
|
||
<collectorName id="268A5306FFBEF52BFB34FCF1FA86FCA5" box="[1165,1398,789,816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Chilka Lake Survey</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD99EABFFBEF52BFF41FCDDFDF1FCC6" box="[248,513,824,851]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">NHMUK 1938.5.7.27.</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFF04FC9EFE23FC01" blockId="3.[189,467,890,916]" box="[189,467,890,916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<heading id="D08881BCFFBEF52BFF04FC9EFE23FC01" bold="true" box="[189,467,890,916]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBEF52BFF04FC9EFE23FC01" bold="true" box="[189,467,890,916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Comparative material</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFF53FC4CFCB9FC57" blockId="3.[189,1398,936,1034]" box="[234,841,936,963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBEF52BFF53FC4CFCB9FC57" bold="true" box="[234,841,936,963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48872FFBEF52BFF53FC4CFEAAFC57" box="[234,346,936,962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBEF52BFE3BFC4CFCB9FC57" authority="(Day, 1957)" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[386,841,936,963]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBEF52BFE3BFC4CFD45FC56" bold="true" box="[386,693,936,963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Neanthes indica brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBEF52BFD7DFC4CFCB1FC57" author="Day J. H." box="[708,833,936,962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="59 - 129" refId="ref19816" refString="Day J. H. 1957. The Polychaete Fauna of South Africa, 4. New species and records from Natal and Mocambique. Annals of the Natal Museum 14 (1): 59 - 129." type="journal article" year="1957">Day, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFF04FC28FC4BFB9C" blockId="3.[189,1398,936,1034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B173C8DFFBEF52BFF04FC28FA92FC73" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326566304" box="[189,1378,972,998]" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="J. H. Day" country="Mozambique" location="Morrumbene Estuary" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" specimenCode="NHMUK 1961.16.23" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Inhambane">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687640FFBEF52BFF04FC28FE77FC73" box="[189,391,972,998]" name="Mozambique" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">MOZAMBIQUE</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D79FD59FFBEF52BFE1FFC28FDF1FC73" box="[422,513,972,998]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">2 specs</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BBF832FFBEF52BFDA9FC28FD65FC73" box="[528,661,972,998]" country="Mozambique" name="Inhambane" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Inhambane</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EA0600BFFBEF52BFD1DFC28FC54FC73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D687C6FFBEF520FD8BFEECFB83FB37:8EA0600BFFBEF52BFD1DFC28FC54FC73" box="[676,932,972,998]" country="Mozambique" name="Morrumbene Estuary" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" stateProvince="Inhambane">Morrumbene Estuary</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="268A5306FFBEF52BFC0AFC28FBEEFC73" box="[947,1054,972,998]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">J.H. Day</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD99EABFFBEF52BFBDCFC28FA92FC73" box="[1125,1378,972,998]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">NHMUK 1961.16.23</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B173C8DFFBEF52BFF04FC0BFC47FB9C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326566303" box="[189,951,1007,1034]" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="J. H. Day" country="Mozambique" location="Inhambane" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" specimenCode="SAM-A-20983" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Inhambane">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D79FD59FFBEF52BFF04FC0BFEC2FB9C" box="[189,306,1007,1033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">1 atokous</specimenCount>
|
||
; same collection data as for preceding;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD99EABFFBEF52BFCB8FC0BFC47FB9C" box="[769,951,1007,1033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">SAM-A-20983</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C365655BFFBEF52DFF04FBD4FCEDF9E4" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFF04FBD4FEBEFBDF" blockId="3.[189,334,1072,1098]" box="[189,334,1072,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<heading id="D08881BCFFBEF52BFF04FBD4FEBEFBDF" bold="true" box="[189,334,1072,1098]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBEF52BFF04FBD4FEBEFBDF" bold="true" box="[189,334,1072,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFF04FBBBFAE1FB2A" blockId="3.[189,1399,1119,1216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
COLOUR AND MEASUREMENTS.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48872FFBEF52BFDA0FBBBFD7EFBEC" box="[537,654,1119,1145]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
atokous, complete, in good condition,
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B35FFBEF52BFBC8FBBBFB38FBEC" box="[1137,1224,1119,1145]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL,
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B35FFBEF52BFAB3FBBBFA87FBEC" box="[1290,1399,1119,1145]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="12.2">12.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
L15, 2 mm W15, with 74 chaetigers. Body colour brownish, with brown pigmentation in dorsum of prostomium and palps, and present throughout in dorsum and venter of segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFBEF52BFB3AFB41FAF4FB2A" box="[1155,1284,1189,1215]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 1A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFF04FB03FE2EFAFE" blockId="3.[189,1400,1255,1387]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
PROSTOMIUM. Campanulate, 1.4 times longer than wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFBEF52BFCF4FB03FC57FA94" box="[845,935,1255,1281]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
); anterior end broad, distally complete; anterolateral gap beside palpophore broad, twice as wide as antennal diameter; dorsal groove distinct, shallow, running mid-subdistally. Nuchal organs barely exposed, broad, 1.5 times as wide as diameter of posterior pair of eyes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFF04FA76FEB9FA67" blockId="3.[189,1398,1426,1522]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
PALPOPHORES. Sub-conical, as wide as long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFBEF52BFD7AFA76FCEEFA39" box="[707,798,1426,1452]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
), as long as three-fifths of entire prostomium; with distinct sub-distal transverse groove. Palpostyles ovoid, thick, with diameter as wide as one-third of palpophore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFF04F9FEFA87F9C2" blockId="3.[189,1399,1562,1623]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">ANTENNAE. Tapered, slender, long, extending forwards beyond tip of palpophore and posteriorly to halflength of prostomium; antennae well separated, with gap 1.2 times as wide as basal diameter of antennae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFF04F99BFB1DF8B0" blockId="3.[189,1400,1662,1830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
EYES. Paired eyes blackish, arranged in a trapezoid form; gap between both pairs two-fifths as wide as diameter of posterior pair of eyes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFBEF52BFDE7F945FD4AF929" box="[606,698,1697,1724]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
); anterior pair of eyes rounded, 1.5 times as wide as basal diameter of antennae, gap between both eyes 3 times as wide as diameter of eyes, with lens slightly distinct, dark, covering 20% of eye; posterior pair of eyes rounded, 1.2 times as wide as basal diameter of antennae, with lens barely distinct, dark, placed in middle of eye and covering 15% of it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBEF52BFF04F8A9FC07F81F" blockId="3.[189,1398,1868,1930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">APODOUS ANTERIOR SEGMENT. Segment 2.5 times wider than long, 1.6 times as long as chaetiger 1, with flattening anterior margin, dorsum without marked transverse wrinkle.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB9F52CFF04FEEDFCA7FE46" blockId="4.[188,1399,265,467]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
|
||
TENTACULAR CIRRI. Slender, multi-articulated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFD5EFEEDFCB7FEB6" box="[743,839,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
); postero-dorsal cirri extending posteriorly to chaetiger 5, twice as long as antero-dorsal cirri; antero-dorsal cirri extending posteriorly to chaetiger 2; postero-ventral cirri extended over opposite side of prostomium; antero-ventral cirri as long as posteroventral cirri and extending beyond 1.3 times length of palpophore; dorsal cirrophores cylindrical, ventral cirrophores ring-shaped, postero-dorsal cirrophores as long as antero-dorsal cirrophores, antero-ventral cirrophores twice as wide as postero-ventral cirrophores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB9F52CFF04FE1FFB8AFB94" blockId="4.[188,1401,506,1026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
|
||
PHARYNX. Non-everted, previously dissected. Jaws not dissected, with 10 well-developed and blunt denticles; pulp cavity with two canals. Brownish paragnaths on maxillary and oral rings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFAB1FDFAFA96FDAD" box="[1288,1382,542,568]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
), except reddish on areas VII–VIII, consisting of conical and p-bars; merged paragnaths and plate-like basements absent. Area I: 8, irregular patch of uneven cones, distal ones smaller; areas IIa: 18 and IIb: 22, three slightly regular rows of uneven cones in eyebrow-shaped patch, cones in outer-most row larger (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFF7CFD4EFED3FD50" box="[197,291,682,709]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
); area III: 29, four irregular rows of uneven cones in sub-rectangular patch, without distinct laterally-isolated cones, distal cones smaller (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFD58FD2AFCCFFD7D" box="[737,831,718,744]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
); areas IVa: 35 and IVb: 37, pear-shaped patch with proximal half consisting of four irregular rows and distal half with three slightly regular rows of uneven cones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFEC9FCF0FE3DFCBB" box="[368,461,788,814]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
); area V: 4, two oblique rows of two small, worn, conical paragnaths, near but placed behind level of paragnaths on area VI (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFD58FCD3FCCDFCC4" box="[737,829,823,849]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
); areas VIa: 5 and VIb: 7, one transverse row of distal, uneven p-bars becoming shorter outwards (two in VIa, four in VIb;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFB9AFCBEFB50FCE0" box="[1059,1184,858,885]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and one irregular patch of proximal, even cones (two in VIa and VIb;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFCA1FC9AFC66FC0D" box="[792,918,894,920]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
); areas VII–VIII: 51, two bands of p-bars ventrally well separated, with anterior and posterior bands consisting each of two transversely aligned rows, furrow row and ridge row with one p-bar on each region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFC10FC20FBF4FC4B" box="[937,1028,964,990]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Areas VI–V–VI ridge pattern, λ-shaped. Gap between area VI and areas VII–VIII narrow, as wide as palpostyle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB9F52CFF04FBCDFD96FBD6" blockId="4.[189,614,1065,1091]" box="[189,614,1065,1091]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">PAIRED OESOPHAGEAL CAECA. Present.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB9F52CFF04FB8FFDCAFB7B" blockId="4.[188,1399,1130,1262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">PARAPODIA. Without glandular, dorsal patches. Notopodia consisting of dorsal cirrus, dorsal ligule (distal and proximal), notopodial prechaetal lobe, and median ligule in biramous parapodia. Neuropodia consisting of neuroacicular ligule with inferior and postchaetal lobes, ventral ligule, and ventral cirrus; superior lobe absent throughout.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB9F52CFF04FAF2FBA2FA4A" blockId="4.[187,1401,1301,1503]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
|
||
DORSAL CIRRI. Cirriform, long, extending markedly beyond distal region of dorsal ligule throughout (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFF7FFADCFECDFAC7" box="[198,317,1336,1362]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1E–I</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsal cirri 3.5–4 times as long as proximal region of dorsal ligule in anteriormost and anterior parapodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFE13FABFFDD7FAE3" box="[426,551,1371,1398]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
), 4–5 times as long as that in middle parapodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFB39FABFFAF5FAE3" box="[1152,1285,1371,1398]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1G–H</figureCitation>
|
||
), 3 times as long as that in posterior (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFDA9FA9BFD90FA0C" box="[528,608,1407,1433]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1I</figureCitation>
|
||
) and posteriormost parapodia; attached basally to dorsal ligule in anteriormost parapodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFE65FA46FDC3FA29" box="[476,563,1442,1468]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
), one-third in anterior parapodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFC03FA46FBFFFA29" box="[954,1039,1442,1468]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
), medially in middle parapodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFF7DFA21FEB6FA4A" box="[196,326,1477,1503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1G–H</figureCitation>
|
||
), three-quarters in posterior (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFD25FA21FD1AFA4A" box="[668,746,1477,1503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1I</figureCitation>
|
||
) and posteriormost parapodia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB9F52CFF04F9E3FA89F945" blockId="4.[188,1401,1542,1745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
|
||
DORSAL LIGULE. Proximal region even towards posterior end; shorter than distal region of dorsal ligule in anteriormost and anterior parapodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFD2AF9CEFCFEF9D1" box="[659,782,1578,1604]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
), as long as that in following parapodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFB4BF9CEFA99F9D1" box="[1266,1385,1578,1604]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1G–I</figureCitation>
|
||
); glandular patch small, sub-oval, present on the base of dorsal cirri, more distinct in middle and posterior parapodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFEF9F994FE47F91F" box="[320,439,1648,1674]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1H–I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal region well developed with similar length throughout (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFB23F994FAFDF91F" box="[1178,1293,1648,1674]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1E–I</figureCitation>
|
||
); bluntly conical in anterior parapodia, conical in following parapodia, smaller than median ligule throughout; projecting distinctly beyond notoacicula throughout; one whitish, cylindrical, glandular patch throughout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB9F52CFF04F91DFD29F8CC" blockId="4.[189,1399,1784,1881]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
|
||
NOTOPODIAL PRECHAETAL LOBE. Present from parapodia 5 to parapodia 18 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFBA2F91CFB83F887" box="[1051,1139,1784,1810]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
); bluntly conical, half as long as median ligule in anterior parapodia, then reducing and tapering gradually to notoacicular process that disappears in about parapodia 25.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB9F52CFF04F864FB39F828" blockId="4.[189,1398,1920,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
|
||
MEDIAN LIGULE. Bluntly conical in anterior parapodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFC89F864FC76F80F" box="[816,902,1920,1946]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
), conical in following parapodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB9F52CFAB7F864FF39F82B" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1G– I</figureCitation>
|
||
), becoming slightly longer and narrower from middle parapodia towards posterior end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB8F52DFF04FEEDFB92FED3" blockId="5.[189,1399,265,327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
NEUROACICULAR LIGULE. Smaller than ventral ligule in anteriormost parapodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB8F52DFBD0FEEDFB34FEB6" box="[1129,1220,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
), as long as in following parapodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB8F52DFE04FEC8FDDEFED3" box="[445,558,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1F–I</figureCitation>
|
||
), 1.5 times as wide as ventral ligule throughout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB8F52DFF04FE8AFD58FE3E" blockId="5.[189,1398,366,427]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">NEUROPODIAL INFERIOR LOBE. Slightly developed and longer than neuroacicular ligule in first five parapodia, absent in following chaetigers.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB8F52DFF04FE37FB1CFDA6" blockId="5.[189,1399,466,563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
NEUROPODIAL POSTCHAETAL LOBE. Present throughout; digitiform in anteriormost parapodia, bluntly conical in anterior parapodia, conical in following parapodia; slightly longer than neuroacicular ligule in anteriormost and posterior parapodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB8F52DFD24FDFDFCFFFDA6" box="[669,783,537,563]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1E, I</figureCitation>
|
||
), as long as that in remaining parapodia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB8F52DFF04FDBFFE86FD4B" blockId="5.[186,1400,602,734]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
VENTRAL LIGULE. Well developed throughout; bluntly conical, thick in anteriormost and anterior parapodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB8F52DFF7AFD99FECEFD02" box="[195,318,637,663]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
), conical and slender in following chaetigers; smaller than median ligule throughout, more distinct in posterior parapodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB8F52DFD88FD44FD73FD2E" box="[561,643,672,699]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1I</figureCitation>
|
||
); extending beyond distal region of dorsal ligule in parapodia 1 and 2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB8F52DFEB7FD20FE99FD4B" box="[270,361,708,734]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB8F52DFF04FCE2FB63FCD6" blockId="5.[189,1398,773,835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
VENTRAL CIRRI. Cirriform, slender; two-thirds as long as ventral ligule in anteriormost and anterior parapodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB8F52DFEF8FCCCFE4BFCD7" box="[321,443,808,834]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
), one-third as long as that in following chaetigers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB8F52DFBB6FCCCFB75FCD6" box="[1039,1157,808,835]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1G, I</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB8F52DFF04FC8EFB19FC5F" blockId="5.[189,1398,874,971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
ACICULAE. Black, with basal end uncoloured. Notoaciculae absent in first two chaetigers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB8F52DFAB0FC8EFA98FC11" box="[1289,1384,874,900]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Neuroaciculae extending beyond distal end of notoaciculae throughout, more distinct in anteriormost and anterior parapodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB8F52DFE6EFC54FDDEFC5F" box="[471,558,944,970]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
), with proximal half 1.2–1.4 times as wide as notoaciculae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB8F52DFF04FC16FEC9FBC7" blockId="5.[189,1399,1009,1106]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
NOTOCHAETAE. All homogomph spinigers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB8F52DFD14FC15FD0FFB99" box="[685,767,1009,1036]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1J</figureCitation>
|
||
); 14–15 spinigers present in anterior parapodia, 9–10 spinigers in middle parapodia, 4 spinigers in posterior parapodia and 2 spinigers in posteriormost parapodia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB8F52DFF04FB9EFC67FB22" blockId="5.[187,1399,1145,1207]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
SUPRACICULAR NEUROCHAETAE. Mostly broken or with blades missing; consisting of homogomph spinigers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB8F52DFF7DFB79FEEFFB22" box="[196,287,1181,1207]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1K</figureCitation>
|
||
) and heterogomph falcigers, both present throughout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB8F52DFF04FB3AFBFEFA8E" blockId="5.[187,1399,1246,1308]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
SUBACICULAR NEUROCHAETAE. Mostly broken or with blades missing; consisting of heterogomph spinigers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB8F52DFF7DFAE5FEECFA8E" box="[196,284,1281,1307]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1L</figureCitation>
|
||
) and heterogomph falcigers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB8F52DFDCFFAE5FD27FA8E" box="[630,727,1281,1307]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1M</figureCitation>
|
||
), both present throughout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB8F52DFF04FAA7FE0FF998" blockId="5.[187,1399,1347,1549]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
BLADES. Both homogomph (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB8F52DFDBEFAA7FD8DFAC8" box="[519,637,1347,1373]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1J–K</figureCitation>
|
||
) and heterogomph (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB8F52DFCD0FAA7FC30FAC8" box="[873,960,1347,1373]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1L</figureCitation>
|
||
) spinigers with blades finely serrated towards toothed edge, evenly spaced, long (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB8F52DFD0DFA82FD2FFA15" box="[692,735,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">B/A</emphasis>
|
||
ratio 8–17.5). Heterogomph falcigers with blades slender and of medium size (1.2–1.6), convex, terminal tooth blunt with inconspicuous tendon; serrations present in about two-fifths (0.4–0.45) of total blade length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB8F52DFC29FA48FC05FA53" box="[912,1013,1452,1478]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Shaft of supracicular falcigers thicker than subacicular ones in posterior parapodia; camerated, with cavity divided sub-distally into two longitudinal partitions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB8F52DFF04F9D1FCEDF9E4" blockId="5.[187,1398,1588,1649]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
PYGIDIUM. Distinctly projected, bluntly conical, as long as wide, with anal cirri as long as last 9 chaetigers; cirrophores of anal cirri barely developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A55FFB8F52DFD08F9B3FCFEF9E4" box="[689,782,1623,1649]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[280,1308,265,1595]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921). Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous. A. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium). B. Anterior end in dorsal view. C. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view. D. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view. E. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view. F. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view. G. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view. H. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule. I. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view. J. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13). K. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). L. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2). M. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C365655BFFB8F520FF04F97DFDC4FD81" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB8F52DFF04F97DFEDFF926" blockId="5.[189,303,1689,1715]" box="[189,303,1689,1715]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<heading id="D08881BCFFB8F52DFF04F97DFEDFF926" bold="true" box="[189,303,1689,1715]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB8F52DFF04F97DFEDFF926" bold="true" box="[189,303,1689,1715]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB8F52DFF04F923FDC3F84D" blockId="5.[187,1400,1735,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFB8F52DFF04F923FE46F974" baseAuthorityName="Southern" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[189,438,1735,1761]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chilkaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB8F52DFF04F923FE46F974" box="[189,438,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Neanthes chilkaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not compared with other species in the original description. Among all the currently known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFB8F52DFDBEF90EFD83F891" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[519,627,1770,1796]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB8F52DFDBEF90EFD83F891" box="[519,627,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Neanthes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFB8F52DFD3AF90FFCD9F891" baseAuthorityName="Southern" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[643,809,1770,1796]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chilkaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB8F52DFD3AF90FFCD9F891" box="[643,809,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">N. chilkaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFB8F52DFC08F90FFB78F891" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[945,1160,1770,1796]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB8F52DFC08F90FFB78F891" box="[945,1160,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">N. indica brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFB8F52DFB7BF90FFEBDF8BD" authority="(Day, 1957)" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1957" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mossambica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB8F52DFB7BF90FFA86F891" box="[1218,1398,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">N. mossambica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB8F52DFF7CF8EAFEB4F8BD" author="Day J. H." box="[197,324,1805,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" pagination="59 - 129" refId="ref19816" refString="Day J. H. 1957. The Polychaete Fauna of South Africa, 4. New species and records from Natal and Mocambique. Annals of the Natal Museum 14 (1): 59 - 129." type="journal article" year="1957">Day, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687640FFB8F52DFE61F8EAFD86F8BD" box="[472,630,1806,1832]" name="Mozambique" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFB8F52DFD0EF8EAFBDEF8BD" authority="(Fauvel, 1932)" baseAuthorityName="Fauvel" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[695,1070,1806,1832]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="talehsapensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB8F52DFD0EF8EAFC88F8BD" box="[695,888,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">N. talehsapensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB8F52DFC31F8EAFBD6F8BD" author="Fauvel P." box="[904,1062,1806,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref20199" refString="Fauvel P. 1932. Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 12: 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1932">Fauvel, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BBF832FFB8F52DFB1CF8EAFAE4F8BD" box="[1189,1300,1806,1832]" country="Thailand" name="Songkhla" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Songkhla</collectingRegion>
|
||
Lake in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687640FFB8F52DFF07F8D5FEDAF8DE" box="[190,298,1841,1867]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. These species share a proximal region of dorsal ligule of similar size throughout the body (or slightly enlarged in posterior parapodia), presence of neuropodial postchaetal and notopodial prechaetal lobes at least in some anterior chaetigers, absence of neuropodial superior lobes, areas VII–VIII with two well-defined bands of more than 20 paragnaths, and area I with two or more paragnaths (see Villalobos- Guerrero & Idris 2021: table 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF006658FFBBF52EFF04F981FC61F84A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121736" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5121736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5121736/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" startId="6.[189,232,1637,1663]" targetBox="[280,1308,265,1595]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBBF52EFF04F981FC61F84A" blockId="6.[187,1400,1637,2016]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBBF52EFF04F981FEFDF9EA" bold="true" box="[189,269,1637,1663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBBF52EFEAEF981FD16F9EA" authority="(Southern, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Southern" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[279,742,1637,1663]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chilkaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBBF52EFEAEF981FDE0F9EA" box="[279,528,1637,1663]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Neanthes chilkaensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBBF52EFD98F981FD2DF9EA" author="Southern R." box="[545,733,1637,1663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" pagination="563 - 659" refId="ref22277" refString="Southern R. 1921. Polychaeta of the Chilka Lake and also of fresh and brackish waters in other parts of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 5: 563 - 659." type="journal article" year="1921">Southern, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Lectotype (NHMUK 1938.5.7.27) from Chilika Lake, Orissa, India, atokous.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBBF52EFE77F96CFE13F937" bold="true" box="[462,483,1672,1698]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Entire body in dorsal view (inset: approach of pygidium).
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBBF52EFB1BF96CFB45F937" bold="true" box="[1186,1205,1672,1698]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Anterior end in dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBBF52EFEE8F94FFE96F950" bold="true" box="[337,358,1707,1733]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Non-everted pharynx in ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBBF52EFC8BF94FFCB7F950" bold="true" box="[818,839,1707,1733]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsum of oral ring of non-everted pharynx in ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBBF52EFEE3F92BFE9EF97C" bold="true" box="[346,366,1743,1769]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Left parapodium from chaetiger 2 in posterior view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBBF52EFC59F92BFC02F97C" bold="true" box="[992,1010,1743,1769]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Left parapodium from chaetiger 13 in posterior view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBBF52EFE14F915FE34F89E" bold="true" box="[429,452,1777,1803]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Right parapodium from chaetiger 26 in anterior view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBBF52EFB86F916FBA6F899" bold="true" box="[1087,1110,1778,1804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Right parapodium from chaetiger 38 in anterior view with ventral cirri contracted and hidden behind the neuroacicular ligule.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBBF52EFF06F8DCFF39F8C7" bold="true" box="[191,201,1848,1874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Parapodium from chaetiger 52 in anterior view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBBF52EFCB0F8DCFCE8F8C7" bold="true" box="[777,792,1848,1874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Homogomph spiniger from notochaetae (chaetiger 13).
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBBF52EFF4AF8BFFEFAF8E0" bold="true" box="[243,266,1883,1909]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">K</emphasis>
|
||
. Homogomph spiniger from supracicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13).
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBBF52EFBF4F8BFFB90F8E0" bold="true" box="[1101,1120,1883,1909]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">L</emphasis>
|
||
. Heterogomph spiniger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 2).
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBBF52EFD6FF89BFD01F80C" bold="true" box="[726,753,1919,1945]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">M</emphasis>
|
||
. Heterogomph falciger from subacicular neurochaetae (chaetiger 13). Roman numerals refer to the areas and Arabic numbers to chaetigers. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D–I = 0.2 mm; J–M = 20 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBAF52FFF04FEEDFA80FCEF" blockId="7.[188,1400,265,890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Nonetheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFED8FEEEFDFBFEB6" baseAuthorityName="Southern" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[353,523,265,291]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chilkaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFED8FEEEFDFBFEB6" box="[353,523,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">N. chilkaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguishable from the species mentioned above according to the following diagnostic features: (I) the presence of p-bars on area VI, in contrast to its absence in those species; (II) the presence of solely p-bars on areas VII–VIII, in comparison to either conical only or both p-bars and conical ones in those species; (III) the multi-articulated tentacular cirri, in contrast to smooth ones in those species; (IV) four paragnaths on the area V of the pharynx, in comparison to none in those species; (V) a higher number of paragnaths on area III (29), in contrast to a lower number in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFF07FE39FE66FE63" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[190,406,476,502]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFF07FE39FE66FE63" box="[190,406,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">N. indica brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(5–9) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFDA0FE39FD2BFE63" baseAuthorityName="Fauvel" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[537,731,476,502]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="talehsapensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFDA0FE39FD2BFE63" box="[537,731,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">N. talehsapensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(14); (VI) 5–7 paragnaths on area VI of the pharynx, in comparison to one in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFE0EFDE4FD9AFD8C" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[439,618,511,537]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mossambica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFE0EFDE4FD9AFD8C" box="[439,618,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">N. mossambica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (VII) the presence of oesophageal caeca, in contrast to its absence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFF65FDC7FE61FDA9" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[220,401,546,572]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mossambica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFF65FDC7FE61FDA9" box="[220,401,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">N. mossambica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (VIII) aciculae mostly black, in contrast to pale coloured ones in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFB17FDC7FA9FFDA9" baseAuthorityName="Fauvel" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1198,1391,546,572]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="talehsapensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFB17FDC7FA9FFDA9" box="[1198,1391,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">N. talehsapensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (IX) the notopodial prechaetal lobe distinctly smaller than median ligule throughout, in comparison to a subequal in anterior chaetigers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFDD7FD8EFCDFFD16" baseAuthorityName="Fauvel" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[622,815,617,643]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="talehsapensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFDD7FD8EFCDFFD16" box="[622,815,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">N. talehsapensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (X) the dorsal cirri extending markedly beyond distal region of dorsal ligule, in contrast to those not extending beyond it in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFB8CFD69FAFAFD33" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[1077,1290,652,678]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFB8CFD69FAFAFD33" box="[1077,1290,652,678]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">N. indica brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (XI) the presence of a neuropodial postchaetal lobe throughout, in comparison to it being present in anterior chaetigers only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFE2BFD37FD95FD79" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[402,613,722,748]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFE2BFD37FD95FD79" box="[402,613,722,748]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">N. indica brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (XII) the blade of heterogomph falcigers with blunt terminal tooth and inconspicuous tendon in middle and posterior parapodia, in contrast to hammer-headed terminal tooth and distinct tendon in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFDB7FCFEFD14FCA6" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[526,740,793,819]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFDB7FCFEFD14FCA6" box="[526,740,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">N. indica brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (XIII) the antennae well separated from each other, in comparison to those closely together in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFD22FCD9FC81FCC3" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[667,881,828,854]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFD22FCD9FC81FCC3" box="[667,881,828,854]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">N. indica brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and finally (XIV) the dorsum of segments with pigmentation bands, in contrast to it being present only in apodous segment in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFB2DFC84FA99FCEC" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[1172,1385,863,889]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFB2DFC84FA99FCEC" box="[1172,1385,863,889]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">N. indica brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBAF52FFF04FC45FD47FA10" blockId="7.[188,1401,929,1413]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
The species was described and illustrated in detail by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBAF52FFC9AFC45FC11FC2E" author="Southern R." box="[803,993,929,955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="563 - 659" refId="ref22277" refString="Southern R. 1921. Polychaeta of the Chilka Lake and also of fresh and brackish waters in other parts of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 5: 563 - 659." type="journal article" year="1921">Southern (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and placed within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFA90FC46FA85FC2E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1321,1397,930,955]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFA90FC46FA85FC2E" box="[1321,1397,930,955]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Nereis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using specimens in immature and reproductive stages collected from the southern half of the Chilika Lake,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687640FFBAF52FFEB3FC03FEBAFB94" box="[266,330,999,1025]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The original description is a combination of the available specimens’ morphology, which consisted of four epitokous (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D79FD59FFBAF52FFDB7FBEFFD6EFBB1" box="[526,670,1034,1061]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
and males) specimens and seemingly four atokous specimens with different lengths and numbers of chaetigers:
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B35FFBAF52FFD45FBCAFCA1FBDD" box="[764,849,1070,1096]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="92.0">92 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 81 chaet.;
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B35FFBAF52FFC6BFBC9FBD6FBDD" box="[978,1062,1069,1096]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 84 chaet.;
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B35FFBAF52FFB1EFBC9FB0CFBDD" box="[1191,1276,1069,1096]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="56.0">56 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 66 chaet.;
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B35FFBAF52FFF05FBB5FEE3FBFE" box="[188,275,1105,1131]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 81 chaet. However, the atokous specimen examined here does not match the size and number of chaetigers stated originally for those specimens.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBAF52FFC96FB90FC02FB1B" author="Southern R." box="[815,1010,1140,1166]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="563 - 659" refId="ref22277" refString="Southern R. 1921. Polychaeta of the Chilka Lake and also of fresh and brackish waters in other parts of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 5: 563 - 659." type="journal article" year="1921">Southern (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used the specimen with
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B35FFBAF52FFA9BFB90FA87FB1A" box="[1314,1399,1140,1167]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="56.0">56 mm</quantity>
|
||
and 66 chaetigers to describe and illustrate the structures associated with the parapodia 1, 10, 50 and 60, which seems to correspond with one of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D79FD59FFBAF52FFD07FB5FFCA8FB40" box="[702,856,1211,1237]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="generic" typeStatus="syntypes">two syntypes</specimenCount>
|
||
showing traces of desiccation deposited at the Zoological Survey of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687640FFBAF52FFE7BFB3AFE0EFB6D" box="[450,510,1246,1272]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(ZEV6281/7; http://www.zsicollections.in/search/ZSI0000004205) but not available for the present study. In general terms, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48872FFBAF52FFC9CFAE5FC70FA8E" box="[805,896,1281,1307]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
examined matches the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFF67FAC1FE74FAAB" baseAuthorityName="Southern" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[222,388,1316,1342]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chilkaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFF67FAC1FE74FAAB" box="[222,388,1316,1342]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">N. chilkaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Hence, in order to fix the species definition (ICZN 1999, Art. 74.7.3), the specimen NHMUK 1938.5.7.27 is here selected as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48872FFBAF52FFD21FAA3FCF4FAF4" box="[664,772,1351,1377]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(ICZN 1999, Art. 74.1, 74.7.1) and described in detail with illustrations (ICZN 1999, Art. 74.7.2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBAF52FFF04FA48FBC6F929" blockId="7.[188,1399,1452,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Moreover, some variations among the species deserve discussion.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBAF52FFB9EFA48FB03FA53" author="Southern R." box="[1063,1267,1452,1478]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="563 - 659" refId="ref22277" refString="Southern R. 1921. Polychaeta of the Chilka Lake and also of fresh and brackish waters in other parts of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 5: 563 - 659." type="journal article" year="1921">Southern (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFF04FA34FE92FA7C" baseAuthorityName="Southern" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[189,354,1487,1513]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chilkaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFF04FA34FE92FA7C" box="[189,354,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">N. chilkaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without paragnaths on area V, which are present in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48872FFBAF52FFC4EFA2BFB93FA7C" box="[1015,1123,1487,1513]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in two oblique rows of four conical paragnaths near but placed behind the level of paragnaths of area VI. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBAF52FFAB4FA16FEFCF9A5" author="Southern R." pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="563 - 659" refId="ref22277" refString="Southern R. 1921. Polychaeta of the Chilka Lake and also of fresh and brackish waters in other parts of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 5: 563 - 659." type="journal article" year="1921">Southern (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the blades of subacicular heterogomph falcigers can wear distally giving two appearances: (I) long, slender, with many teeth; and (II) small, thick, with few teeth. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48872FFBAF52FFB8EF9DDFB65F9C6" box="[1079,1173,1593,1619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
, only the first blade type was found possibly because most of the neurochaetae are broken or missing; however, judging Southern’s falciger illustrations, the presence of the second type of falciger, as occurs in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFF05F946FED9F929" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[188,297,1698,1724]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFF05F946FED9F929" box="[188,297,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Neanthes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBAF52FFE80F946FD38F929" author="Villalobos-Guerrero T. F. & Idris I." box="[313,712,1698,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="556 - 594" refId="ref22785" refString="Villalobos-Guerrero T. F. & Idris I. 2021. Reproductive morphology and redescriptions of some Neanthes Kinberg, 1865 (Annelida: Nereididae) species from the southeastern Asian seas, with comparative synoptic tables of accepted species. The European Zoological Journal 88 (1): 556 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 24750263.2021.1899318" type="journal article" year="2021">Villalobos-Guerrero & Idris 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this study), is not disregarded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFBAF520FF04F900FB40FED3" blockId="7.[187,1399,1763,1966]" lastBlockId="8.[189,1399,265,327]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
The species was transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFD8CF900FD52F96B" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[565,674,1764,1790]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFD8CF900FD52F96B" box="[565,674,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Neanthes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBAF52FFD68F900FC62F96B" author="Hartman O." box="[721,914,1763,1790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 353" refId="ref20606" refString="Hartman O. 1959. Catalogue of the polychaetous annelids of the world, 1. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation 23: 1 - 353." type="journal article" year="1959">Hartman (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, most likely founded on her proposal of distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFED0F8E3FE26F8B4" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[361,470,1799,1825]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFED0F8E3FE26F8B4" box="[361,470,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Neanthes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFDA0F8ECFD95F8B4" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[537,613,1800,1825]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFDA0F8ECFD95F8B4" box="[537,613,1800,1825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Nereis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of homogomph falcigers (present in the latter genus;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBAF52FFF02F8CFFE99F8D1" author="Hartman O." box="[187,361,1834,1861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="173 - 287" refId="ref20538" refString="Hartman O. 1940. Polychaetous annelids. Part 2. Chrysopetalidae to Goniadidae. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 7: 173 - 287." type="journal article" year="1940">Hartman 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBAF52FFECEF8CEFE46F8D0" author="Hartman O." box="[375,438,1834,1861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref20563" refString="Hartman O. 1954. Australian Nereidae, including descriptions of three new species and one genus, together with summaries of previous records and keys to species. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 77: 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1954">1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species has been recognised in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFC3BF8CEFC1FF8D1" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[898,1007,1834,1860]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFC3BF8CEFC1FF8D1" box="[898,1007,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Neanthes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until nowadays (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBAF52FFB05F8CEFA82F8D1" author="Fauchald K." box="[1212,1394,1834,1860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 575" refId="ref20097" refString="Fauchald K. 1972. Benthic polychaetous annelids from deep water off western Mexico and adjacent areas in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Allan Hancock Foundation Monographs in Marine Biology 7: 1 - 575. Available from https: // repository. si. edu / handle / 10088 / 6207 [accessed 1 Jul. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1972">Fauchald 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBAF52FFF06F8A9FEABF8F2" author="Wilson R. S." box="[191,347,1869,1895]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="209 - 226" refId="ref22922" refString="Wilson R. S. 1984. Neanthes (Polychaeta: Nereididae) from Victoria with descriptions of two new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 96: 209 - 226." type="journal article" year="1984">Wilson 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBAF52FFED0F8AAFD5EF8F2" author="Nesemann H. & Sharma S." box="[361,686,1869,1896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="103 - 110" refId="ref21498" refString="Nesemann H. & Sharma S. 2007. Class Polychaeta. In: Nesemann H., Sharma S., Sharma G., Khanal S. N., Pradhan B., Shah D. N. & Tachamo R. D. (eds) Aquatic Invertebrates of the Ganga River System (Mollusca, Annelida, Crustacea [in part]). Volume 1: 103 - 110. Chandi Media Pvt. Ltd, Nepal." type="journal article" year="2007">Nesemann & Sharma 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), sometimes incorrectly treated in the unaccepted subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFBAF52FFF06F895FE62F81E" authority="" box="[191,402,1904,1931]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Neanthes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFF06F895FEFBF81F" box="[191,267,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Nereis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFEA2F894FE78F81F" box="[283,392,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Neanthes</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBAF52FFE1BF894FD83F81E" author="Misra A. & Chakraborty R. K. & Soota T. D." box="[418,627,1904,1931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="69 - 89" refId="ref21341" refString="Misra A., Chakraborty R. K. & Soota T. D. 1987. Polychaeta. In: Director (ed.) Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, Series 1: 69 - 89. State Fauna Series, Fauna of Orissa." type="book chapter" year="1987">
|
||
Misra
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFBAF52FFE4BF895FDDEF81F" box="[498,558,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBAF52FFD38F895FC72F81E" author="Nageswara Rao C. A." box="[641,898,1904,1931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="319 - 325" refId="ref21459" refString="Nageswara Rao C. A. 1995. Annelida: Polychaeta. In: Director (ed.) Wetland Ecosystem Series, Fauna of Chilka Lake: 319 - 325. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta." type="book chapter" year="1995">Nageswara Rao 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species was briefly characterised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBAF52FFF04F870FEAEF83B" author="Fauvel P." box="[189,350,1940,1966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref20199" refString="Fauvel P. 1932. Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 12: 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1932">Fauvel (1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFBAF52FFED2F877FE57F83B" author="Fauvel P." box="[363,423,1939,1966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" refId="ref20254" refString="Fauvel P. 1953. The Fauna of India including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya: Annelida, Polychaeta. Indian Press, Allahabad." type="book" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from some specimens collected in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C48872FFBAF52FFC3FF870FC49F83B" box="[902,953,1940,1966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and other sites in the east of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687640FFB5F520FF04FEEDFF0DFEB6" box="[189,253,265,291]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FEECFEEDFDC5FEB6" author="Misra A. & Chakraborty R. K. & Soota T. D." box="[341,565,265,291]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="69 - 89" refId="ref21341" refString="Misra A., Chakraborty R. K. & Soota T. D. 1987. Polychaeta. In: Director (ed.) Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, Series 1: 69 - 89. State Fauna Series, Fauna of Orissa." type="book chapter" year="1987">
|
||
Misra
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB5F520FE1AFEEEFE2EFEB6" box="[419,478,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1987)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FDD6FEEEFC70FEB1" author="Nageswara Rao C. A." box="[623,896,265,292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="319 - 325" refId="ref21459" refString="Nageswara Rao C. A. 1995. Annelida: Polychaeta. In: Director (ed.) Wetland Ecosystem Series, Fauna of Chilka Lake: 319 - 325. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta." type="book chapter" year="1995">Nageswara Rao (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did the same using specimens exclusively from the Chilika Lake, although the characterisations were very short and incomplete.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB5F520FF04FE8AFDC4FD81" blockId="8.[189,1400,366,533]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFB5F520FF04FE8AFE47FE1D" baseAuthorityName="Southern" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[189,439,366,392]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chilkaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB5F520FF04FE8AFE47FE1D" box="[189,439,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Neanthes chilkaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded from several localities along the shores of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687640FFB5F520FB0CFE8AFB01FE1D" box="[1205,1265,366,392]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FABDFE8AFF0BFE3E" author="Parulekar A. H." pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="726 - 749" refId="ref21628" refString="Parulekar A. H. 1971. Polychaetes from Maharashtra and Goa. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 68: 726 - 749." type="journal article" year="1971">Parulekar 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FEB3FE75FD51FE3E" author="Sunder Raj S. K. & Sanjeeva Raj P. J." box="[266,673,401,427]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="84 - 104" refId="ref22311" refString="Sunder Raj S. K. & Sanjeeva Raj P. J. 1987. Polychaeta of the Pulicat Lake (Tamil Nadu). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 84 (1): 84 - 104." type="journal article" year="1987">Sunder Raj & Sanjeeva Raj 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FD09FE75FC09FE3E" author="Nesemann H. & Sharma S." box="[688,1017,401,427]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="103 - 110" refId="ref21498" refString="Nesemann H. & Sharma S. 2007. Class Polychaeta. In: Nesemann H., Sharma S., Sharma G., Khanal S. N., Pradhan B., Shah D. N. & Tachamo R. D. (eds) Aquatic Invertebrates of the Ganga River System (Mollusca, Annelida, Crustacea [in part]). Volume 1: 103 - 110. Chandi Media Pvt. Ltd, Nepal." type="journal article" year="2007">Nesemann & Sharma 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FBB1FE75FAFDFE3E" author="Markande A. R. & Mikaelyan A. & Bhusan B. & Patel K. D. & Vachharajani N. B. & Vennila A. & Valappil R. A. & Purushothaman C. S." box="[1032,1293,401,427]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="906 - 918" refId="ref21255" refString="Markande A. R., Mikaelyan A., Bhusan B., Patel K. D., Vachharajani N. B., Vennila A., Valappil R. A. & Purushothaman C. S. 2014. Analysis of midgut bacterial community structure of Neanthes chilkaensis from polluted mudflats of Gorai, Mumbai, India. Advances in Microbiology 4 (13): 906 - 918. https: // doi. org / 10.4236 / aim. 2014.413101" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Markande
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB5F520FB30FE76FB37FE3E" box="[1161,1223,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687640FFB5F520FAEDFE75FEF6FE5B" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FEA1FE50FE32FE5A" author="de Silva P. H. D. H." box="[280,450,436,463]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="537 - 563" refId="ref20041" refString="de Silva P. H. D. H. 1965. New species and records of Polychaeta from Ceylon. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 144 (4): 537 - 563. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1965. tb 05196. x" type="journal article" year="1965">de Silva 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which were mostly based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FC83FE50FC1EFE5B" author="Fauvel P." box="[826,1006,436,462]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref20199" refString="Fauvel P. 1932. Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 12: 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1932">Fauvel’s (1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FC45FE50FBC9FE5B" author="Fauvel P." box="[1020,1081,436,462]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="253 - 568" refId="ref20224" refString="Fauvel P. 1940. On a small collection of Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Records of the Indian Museum 422: 253 - 568." type="journal article" year="1940">1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FBFEFE50FB73FE5A" author="Fauvel P." box="[1095,1155,436,463]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" refId="ref20254" refString="Fauvel P. 1953. The Fauna of India including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya: Annelida, Polychaeta. Indian Press, Allahabad." type="book" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) studies from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687640FFB5F520FA8AFE50FA83FE5B" box="[1331,1395,436,462]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. These records are considered valid, although re-assessment is needed, especially those from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687640FFB5F520FABCFE33FA88FE64" box="[1285,1400,471,497]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the south and west of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687640FFB5F520FE49FE1EFDC0FD81" box="[496,560,506,532]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C365655BFFB5F520FF04FDD8FDB7FD7A" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB5F520FF04FDD8FEA6FDC3" blockId="8.[189,342,572,598]" box="[189,342,572,598]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<heading id="D08881BCFFB5F520FF04FDD8FEA6FDC3" bold="true" box="[189,342,572,598]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB5F520FF04FDD8FEA6FDC3" bold="true" box="[189,342,572,598]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB5F520FF04FD8FFDB7FD7A" blockId="8.[189,1399,618,751]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687640FFB5F520FF4EFD8EFEC8FD11" box="[247,312,618,644]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Chilika Lake (Ossira), Mandras, Pamban (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BBF832FFB5F520FC88FD8EFC4FFD10" box="[817,959,618,645]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FC6EFD8EFB9CFD10" author="Fauvel P." box="[983,1132,618,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref20199" refString="Fauvel P. 1932. Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 12: 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1932">Fauvel 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FBC0FD8EFB47FD10" author="Fauvel P." box="[1145,1207,618,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" refId="ref20254" refString="Fauvel P. 1953. The Fauna of India including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya: Annelida, Polychaeta. Indian Press, Allahabad." type="book" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FB7AFD8EFA82FD11" author="Ganapati P. N." box="[1219,1394,618,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="211 - 227" refId="ref20314" refString="Ganapati P. N. 1946. On Lecudina pellucida (Kolliker) Mingazzini (1891) from the gut of Nereis chilkaensis Southern. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B 23: 211 - 227." type="journal article" year="1946">Ganapati 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FF04FD6AFE65FD3D" author="Misra A. & Chakraborty R. K. & Soota T. D." box="[189,405,654,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="69 - 89" refId="ref21341" refString="Misra A., Chakraborty R. K. & Soota T. D. 1987. Polychaeta. In: Director (ed.) Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, Series 1: 69 - 89. State Fauna Series, Fauna of Orissa." type="book chapter" year="1987">
|
||
Misra
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB5F520FEB4FD6AFEBCFD3D" box="[269,332,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FE1FFD6AFD5DFD3D" author="Nageswara Rao C. A." box="[422,685,653,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="319 - 325" refId="ref21459" refString="Nageswara Rao C. A. 1995. Annelida: Polychaeta. In: Director (ed.) Wetland Ecosystem Series, Fauna of Chilka Lake: 319 - 325. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta." type="book chapter" year="1995">Nageswara Rao 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); west
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687640FFB5F520FCB1FD6AFCB9FD3D" box="[776,841,654,680]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Neendakara (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BBF832FFB5F520FC4EFD6AFBB9FD3C" box="[1015,1097,654,681]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FBDDFD6AFAF0FD3D" author="Fauvel P." box="[1124,1280,654,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="253 - 568" refId="ref20224" refString="Fauvel P. 1940. On a small collection of Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Records of the Indian Museum 422: 253 - 568." type="journal article" year="1940">Fauvel 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Dabhol, Devgad, Malvan,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687640FFB5F520FE2EFD55FE0DFD5E" box="[407,509,689,715]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Mumbai</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Vengurla and Vijaydurg (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BBF832FFB5F520FC86FD55FC37FD59" box="[831,967,689,716]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Maharastra</collectingRegion>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FC5BFD55FB1EFD5E" author="Markande A. R. & Mikaelyan A. & Bhusan B. & Patel K. D. & Vachharajani N. B. & Vennila A. & Valappil R. A. & Purushothaman C. S." box="[994,1262,689,715]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="906 - 918" refId="ref21255" refString="Markande A. R., Mikaelyan A., Bhusan B., Patel K. D., Vachharajani N. B., Vennila A., Valappil R. A. & Purushothaman C. S. 2014. Analysis of midgut bacterial community structure of Neanthes chilkaensis from polluted mudflats of Gorai, Mumbai, India. Advances in Microbiology 4 (13): 906 - 918. https: // doi. org / 10.4236 / aim. 2014.413101" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Markande
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB5F520FBDFFD56FB55FD5E" box="[1126,1189,689,715]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FB46FD55FF0CFD7A" author="Pati S. K. & Swain D. & Sahu K. C. & Sharma R. M." pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="53 - 65" refId="ref21654" refString="Pati S. K., Swain D., Sahu K. C. & Sharma R. M. 2015. Diversity and distribution of polychaetes (Annelida: Polychaeta) along Maharashtra coast, India. In: Rawat M., Dookia S. & Sivaperuman C. (eds) Aquatic Ecosystem: Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation: 53 - 65. Springer, New Delhi, India. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 81 - 322 - 2178 - 4 _ 5" type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||
Pati
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB5F520FA81FD56FA87FD5E" box="[1336,1399,689,715]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3687640FFB5F520FEA8FD30FE73FD7B" box="[273,387,724,750]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FE2AFD30FDCBFD7A" author="de Silva P. H. D. H." box="[403,571,724,751]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="537 - 563" refId="ref20041" refString="de Silva P. H. D. H. 1965. New species and records of Polychaeta from Ceylon. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 144 (4): 537 - 563. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1965. tb 05196. x" type="journal article" year="1965">de Silva 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C365655BFFB5F520FF04FCF2FB5CFC79" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB5F520FF04FCF2FED0FCA5" blockId="8.[189,288,790,816]" box="[189,288,790,816]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<heading id="D08881BCFFB5F520FF04FCF2FED0FCA5" bold="true" box="[189,288,790,816]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB5F520FF04FCF2FED0FCA5" bold="true" box="[189,288,790,816]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Ecology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB5F520FF04FCA0FB5CFC79" blockId="8.[188,1399,836,1004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Common in muddy estuarine habitats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FDC4FCA0FCB7FCCB" author="Misra A. & Chakraborty R. K. & Soota T. D." box="[637,839,836,862]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="69 - 89" refId="ref21341" refString="Misra A., Chakraborty R. K. & Soota T. D. 1987. Polychaeta. In: Director (ed.) Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, Series 1: 69 - 89. State Fauna Series, Fauna of Orissa." type="book chapter" year="1987">
|
||
Misra
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB5F520FD71FCA1FCF2FCCB" box="[712,770,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Chilika Lake, living in brackish water under stones, sand above and below high-water mark, amongst algae on the rocks, and in sponges
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFB5F520FABEFC83FE80FC31" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Spongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB5F520FABEFC83FA87FC14" box="[1287,1399,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Spongilla</emphasis>
|
||
Lamarck, 1816
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFB5F520FE14FC6EFCF0FC31" authority="Topsent, 1896" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1896" box="[429,768,906,933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymerhabdiidae" genus="Laxosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB5F520FE14FC6EFDA2FC31" box="[429,594,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Laxosuberites</emphasis>
|
||
Topsent, 1896
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFB5F520FC94FC6EFF0AFC5D" authority="Bowerbank, 1858 sensu van Soest 2020" authorityName="van Soest" authorityYear="2020" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB5F520FC94FC6EFC28FC31" box="[813,984,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Hymeniacidon</emphasis>
|
||
Bowerbank, 1858 sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FABDFC6FFF0AFC5D" author="van Soest R. W. M. & Boury-Esnault N. & Hooper J. N. A. & Rutzler K. & de Voogd N. J. & Alvarez B. & Hajdu E. & Pisera A. B. & Manconi R. & Schonberg C. & Klautau M. & Kelly M. & Vacelet J. & Dohrmann M. & Diaz M. - C. & Cardenas P. & Carballo J. L. & Rios P. & Downey R. & Morrow C. C." pageId="8" pageNumber="109" refId="ref22352" refString="van Soest R. W. M., Boury-Esnault N., Hooper J. N. A., Rutzler K., de Voogd N. J., Alvarez B., Hajdu E., Pisera A. B., Manconi R., Schonberg C., Klautau M., Kelly M., Vacelet J., Dohrmann M., Diaz M. - C., Cardenas P., Carballo J. L., Rios P., Downey R. & Morrow C. C. 2020. Laxosuberites Topsent, 1896. World Porifera Database. Available from http: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = taxdetails & id = 132066 [accessed 13 Jan. 2021]." type="url" year="2020">van Soest 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FEABFC49FE34FC5D" author="Southern R." box="[274,452,941,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="563 - 659" refId="ref22277" refString="Southern R. 1921. Polychaeta of the Chilka Lake and also of fresh and brackish waters in other parts of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 5: 563 - 659." type="journal article" year="1921">Southern 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Host of the intestinal gregarine parasite
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFB5F520FC10FC49FEB8FC7E" authority="Vivier, Ormieres & Tuzet, 1964" authorityName="Vivier, Ormieres & Tuzet" authorityYear="1964" class="Conoidasida" family="Lecudinidae" genus="Lecudina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eugregarinorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="ganapatii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB5F520FC10FC49FB7EFC52" box="[937,1166,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Lecudina ganapatii</emphasis>
|
||
Vivier, Ormieres & Tuzet, 1964
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D53FFB5F520FEC0FC36FC26FC7E" authority="(von Kolliker, 1848) Mingazzini, 1891" authorityName="Mingazzini" authorityYear="1891" baseAuthorityName="von Kolliker" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[377,982,976,1003]" class="Conoidasida" family="Lecudinidae" genus="Lecudina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eugregarinorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="pellucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB5F520FEC0FC36FDF5FC7E" box="[377,517,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">L. pellucida</emphasis>
|
||
(von Kölliker, 1848) Mingazzini, 1891
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FC55FC35FB6FFC79" author="Ganapati P. N." box="[1004,1183,977,1004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="211 - 227" refId="ref20314" refString="Ganapati P. N. 1946. On Lecudina pellucida (Kolliker) Mingazzini (1891) from the gut of Nereis chilkaensis Southern. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B 23: 211 - 227." type="journal article" year="1946">Ganapati 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C365655BFFB5F520FF04FBF6FB83FB37" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB5F520FF04FBF6FE99FBB9" blockId="8.[189,361,1042,1068]" box="[189,361,1042,1068]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<heading id="D08881BCFFB5F520FF04FBF6FE99FBB9" bold="true" box="[189,361,1042,1068]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEAC2FFB5F520FF04FBF6FE99FBB9" bold="true" box="[189,361,1042,1068]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Reproduction</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036D0FFB5F520FF04FBA5FB83FB37" blockId="8.[189,1398,1089,1186]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B21FFB5F520FED3FBA5FDC2FBCE" author="Southern R." box="[362,562,1089,1115]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="563 - 659" refId="ref22277" refString="Southern R. 1921. Polychaeta of the Chilka Lake and also of fresh and brackish waters in other parts of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 5: 563 - 659." type="journal article" year="1921">Southern (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, males and females undergo an epitokal metamorphosis but not as developed as in the heteronereis stage. Epitokous specimens were found in January, February and November. Males gyrate in a spiral course on water column to release the sperm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |