treatments-xml/data/03/D6/87/03D6878AFFC30216FF73F9E8FCFAFCD8.xml

<document id="76EBDE2BBFAFCF758FC4BB9E22FD00E5" ID-CLB-Dataset="27943" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4523.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="23903efe-ba7a-438c-a04f-d4b08680b640" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610202" ID-ZooBank="96B7B9E3-9F49-4983-A46C-D29CD6B2EE49" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624654688" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mahony, Stephen, Kamei, Rachunliu G. &amp; Teeling, Emma C." docDate="2018" docId="03D6878AFFC30216FF73F9E8FCFAFCD8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4523.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4523 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Megophrys (Xenophrys) robusta Boulenger 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FFEFFFF2FFDE0232FFE4FFD2FFDEFFCC" masterDocTitle="Cryptic diversity within the Megophrys major species group (Amphibia: Megophryidae) of the Asian Horned Frogs: Phylogenetic perspectives and a taxonomic revision of South Asian taxa, with descriptions of four new species" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1698713983112" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="BDA938E29E5EB51B949A43C6EC518DC1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="15356D92D6E1E66033FB5013496D5B8D">
<mods:title id="26598F21F89195F0ED263F37FBCD1ECD">Cryptic diversity within the Megophrys major species group (Amphibia: Megophryidae) of the Asian Horned Frogs: Phylogenetic perspectives and a taxonomic revision of South Asian taxa, with descriptions of four new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="765D06358EB85C47FD0AD091A3F4F4BA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CAB014DD98A3CF43DF2CE026D46843A0">
<mods:roleTerm id="379DF167760D2182D04D0F6EE7F55F45">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="252A354AC0151637E689C4091D171747">Mahony, Stephen</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="109F57509440BA684202438F199E7D69" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7444EA524C37C0C870599A0482EE2237">
<mods:roleTerm id="0A5B64317A4C11A35C8A66B0C869BE81">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="936D42EE47E61C810BEBA15E96EFC08A">Kamei, Rachunliu G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="63618003006FBD84F85EE846AD757BFE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3BF76459A85C14A90EF8ED1BF428CBF7">
<mods:roleTerm id="66A4F986FD66815739B6260CC8A7CEAC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="92EC872E22171103E1FBFDB26B270299">Teeling, Emma C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B9A9C5AC843A13C208E75B2E59B07534">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="28E5B16542D4360C69D281F52FBCE377" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="E739346875AA73219A72F71D51D7A4E7">
<mods:title id="D0CF2E373D996FB8437E5010461AF9CB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="2B7DBBE6721D50F05BC88D061B9FDDC8">
<mods:date id="F29F04E515DDEFBAC72BE7B1AC42D012">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C6933B22792E5D29D9C5CCE9D5451ADF" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="3F08EF6216B8085007590E57FCC603DF">2018-11-19</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="5A9154E8C3D17AB875D6375B5B05F7CC" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E91391E4C32F8C8B414C56BE87E33370">4523</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1A08C430A60125E8FEE37CE3BE3EA4A0" type="issue">
<mods:number id="CABCF456AC931F25739CA47A1FE8BE0C">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="CBECCAE9850C95D582D9BA05066CC0F8" unit="page">
<mods:start id="19767EAEDBF118D7100CFCA415F4901E">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="E9FC1C1D2F6D61E3EDFC00EA58E67762">96</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="8FACF92BBB98EF2EFD8834C324107418">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5E95E280233AB43D4CDAE1ADE48771FB" type="CLB-Dataset">27943</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="302F5171ADB544EE5F5C50C1418DA11C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4523.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A703C464902B5252C602E2502E14815F" type="GBIF-Dataset">23903efe-ba7a-438c-a04f-d4b08680b640</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="089F258CBCFC0CEED69FA1179EC38063" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5F3C06092230045BA067174E9A880ECF" type="Zenodo-Dep">2610202</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="97C155DC1471688232D0F20E4522E270" type="ZooBank">96B7B9E3-9F49-4983-A46C-D29CD6B2EE49</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03D6878AFFC30216FF73F9E8FCFAFCD8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5958821" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154499355" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5958821" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D6878AFFC30216FF73F9E8FCFAFCD8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D6878AFFC30216FF73F9E8FCFAFCD8" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<subSubSection id="C3656517FFC3022FFF73F9E8FD32F999" box="[151,748,1594,1621]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFC3022FFF73F9E8FD32F999" blockId="29.[151,748,1594,1654]" box="[151,748,1594,1621]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="D08881F0FFC3022FFF73F9E8FD32F999" bold="true" box="[151,748,1594,1621]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFC3022FFF73F9E8FD32F999" ID-CoL="3Z2CG" authority="Boulenger, 1908" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,748,1594,1621]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta" subGenus="Xenophrys">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC3022FFF73F9E8FD32F999" bold="true" box="[151,748,1594,1621]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC3022FFF73F9E8FEC0F998" bold="true" box="[151,286,1594,1620]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megophrys</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC3022FFECBF9E8FE6FF998" bold="true" box="[303,433,1594,1620]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Xenophrys</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC3022FFE26F9E8FDC3F998" bold="true" box="[450,541,1594,1620]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">robusta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFC3022FFDC0F9E9FD32F999" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[548,748,1595,1621]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="407 - 430" refId="ref51343" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1908) A revision of the oriental pelobatid batrachians (genus Megalophrys). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1908, 407 - 430, pls. XXII-XXV, fig. 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1908. tb 01852. x" type="journal article" year="1908">Boulenger, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3656517FFC3022FFF73F98FFE2EF916" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFC3022FFF73F98FFE1FF9BA" blockId="29.[151,748,1594,1654]" box="[151,449,1629,1654]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
(
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFC3022FFF7AF98FFEC8F9BA" box="[158,278,1629,1654]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Megophrys robusta lectotype: adult female (BMNH 1947.2.25.19: SVL 102.0 mm) in preservation: A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. profile view of head; D. ventral view of foot; E. ventral view of hand." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610224/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figures 11</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFC3022FFEDEF98CFE87F9BA" box="[314,345,1630,1654]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Megophrys robusta: A–F. referred specimens from West Bengal state and Arunachal Pradesh state: A. adult male topotype (SDBDU 2011.1062: SVL 79.8 mm) in life; B. adult male (SDBDU 2009.1284: SVL 73.5 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; C. adult female topotype (SDBDU 2009.1063: SVL 81.3 mm) in life; D. juvenile (SDBDU 2009.1245: SVL 29.2 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; E. ventral view of topotype males, adult left (SDBDU 2011.416: SVL 83.1 mm), subadult right (SDBDU 2011.415: SVL 69.1 mm) in preservation; F. ventral view of a an adult pair of topotype specimens taken immediately after euthanisation, left male (SDBDU 2011.1064: SVL 79.3 mm) and right female (SDBDU 2011.1063: SVL 81.3 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610226/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">12</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6FD0327FFC3022FFE81F98FFE6BF9BA" box="[357,437,1629,1654]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="22.[147,225,525,545]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric details for specimens new and known included in the Taxonomic review section. Refer to Methods and materials section for explanation of measurement abbreviations and museum acronyms. HT = holotype; PT = paratype; LT = lectotype; PLT = paralectotype; NT = neotype; RS = referred specimen; M = adult male; F = adult female; SA = subadult; J = juvenile [post metamorphic]; † = BMNH voucher numbers; # = SDBDU voucher numbers; ind = character limits insufficiently distinct to reliably measure." pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFC3022FFF73F977FE2EF916" blockId="29.[151,1436,1701,1815]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
[?] 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFC3022FFF57F977FDDAF977" authority="Jerdon 1870: 85" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityPageNumber="85" authorityYear="1870" box="[179,516,1701,1723]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Xenophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC3022FFF57F977FE80F977" box="[179,350,1701,1723]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Xenophrys gigas</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFC3022FFE81F977FE38F977" author="Jerdon, T. C." box="[357,486,1701,1723]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="66 - 85" refId="ref54604" refString="Jerdon, T. C. (1870) Notes on Indian herpetology. part 2. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, March 1870, 66 - 85." type="journal article" year="1870">Jerdon 1870</bibRefCitation>
:85
</taxonomicName>
(partim: “ 
<collectingRegion id="49BBF87EFFC3022FFD8AF977FD6FF977" box="[622,689,1701,1723]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sikim</collectingRegion>
”). 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC3022FFD29F974FD3CF977" box="[717,738,1702,1723]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">In</emphasis>
: Notes on Indian herpetology. 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC3022FFBC6F977FED0F916" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal</emphasis>
, March, 1870: 66–85.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3656517FFC3022FFF73F930FE6CF869" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFC3022FFF73F930FAE9F8DB" blockId="29.[151,1436,1701,1815]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F11B2FFC3022FFF73F930FAE9F8DB" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFC3022FFF73F930FD5AF934" ID-CoL="3YV3C" authority="Boulenger 1908: 418" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityPageNumber="418" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,644,1762,1784]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megalophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC3022FFF73F930FE5DF934" box="[151,387,1762,1784]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megalophrys robusta</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE108DFFC3022FFE7AF930FD5AF934" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[414,644,1762,1784]" page="418" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFC3022FFE7AF930FD89F934" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[414,599,1762,1784]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="407 - 430" refId="ref51343" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1908) A revision of the oriental pelobatid batrachians (genus Megalophrys). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1908, 407 - 430, pls. XXII-XXV, fig. 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1908. tb 01852. x" type="journal article" year="1908">Boulenger 1908</bibRefCitation>
:418
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. xxiv. 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC3022FFCEBF931FCFAF934" box="[783,804,1763,1784]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">In</emphasis>
: A revision of the oriental pelobatid batrachians (genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFC3022FFEF5F8D3FE48F8DB" ID-CoL="62YZF" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[273,406,1793,1815]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megalophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC3022FFEF5F8D3FE48F8DB" box="[273,406,1793,1815]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megalophrys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC3022FFE4FF8D3FC47F8DB" box="[427,921,1793,1815]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London</emphasis>
, 1908: 407–430 + pl. xxii–xxv + fig. 71.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFC3022FFF73F896FE6CF869" blockId="29.[151,1436,1860,1957]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<materialsCitation id="3B173CC1FFC3022FFF73F896FE6CF869" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028521208" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="J. Gammie" country="India" latitude="27.05" location="West Bengal" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="88.26667" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="BMNH 1947.2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Bengal" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC3022FFF73F896FD92F891" bold="true" box="[151,588,1860,1885]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<typeStatus id="54C4883EFFC3022FFF73F896FED3F891" box="[151,269,1860,1885]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(by present designation).
</emphasis>
Adult female (
<specimenCode id="DBD99EE7FFC3022FFCE1F896FC68F891" box="[773,950,1860,1885]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">BMNH 1947.2</specimenCode>
.25.19 [RR 1908.4.8.8]: 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFC3022FFB3CF896FA95F890" box="[1240,1355,1860,1885]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Megophrys robusta lectotype: adult female (BMNH 1947.2.25.19: SVL 102.0 mm) in preservation: A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. profile view of head; D. ventral view of foot; E. ventral view of hand." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610224/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figure 11</figureCitation>
), from “Darjeeling” (~ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B505BFFC3022FFEA1F8BAFE60F84C" box="[325,446,1896,1920]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="15" value="27.05">27°03'0&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B505BFFC3022FFE2DF8B5FDE1F84C" box="[457,575,1895,1920]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="15" value="88.26667">88°16'0&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<collectingRegion id="49BBF87EFFC3022FFDB7F8BAFD3DF84C" box="[595,739,1895,1920]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F368760CFFC3022FFD0BF8B5FCF5F84C" box="[751,811,1895,1920]" name="India" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">India</collectingCountry>
, collector 
<collectorName id="268A534AFFC3022FFC7BF8BAFBC5F84C" box="[927,1051,1895,1920]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">J. Gammie</collectorName>
, presented by the Indian Museum, collection date unknown.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF006614FFC0022CFF73F84BFBBFF802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610222/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" startId="30.[151,250,1945,1967]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1924]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFC0022CFF73F84BFBBFF802" blockId="30.[151,1436,1945,1998]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC0022CFF73F84BFEC1F862" bold="true" box="[151,287,1945,1967]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFC0022CFEC1F84BFE3CF863" authorityName="Ye and Fei" authorityYear="1992" box="[293,482,1945,1967]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC0022CFEC1F84BFE3CF863" box="[293,482,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Megophrys zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype: adult male (CIB 750296: SVL 32.5 mm [Ye &amp; Fei 1992]) in preservation: 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC0022CFADBF84BFA8FF862" bold="true" box="[1343,1361,1945,1966]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">A</emphasis>
. dorsal view; 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC0022CFF31F86AFF38F801" bold="true" box="[213,230,1976,1997]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B</emphasis>
. ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC0022CFE9AF86AFE4EF802" bold="true" box="[382,400,1976,1998]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C</emphasis>
. profile view of head; 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC0022CFD93F86AFD57F801" bold="true" box="[631,649,1976,1997]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">D</emphasis>
. ventral view of hand; 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC0022CFC90F86AFC5BF801" bold="true" box="[884,901,1976,1997]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">E</emphasis>
. ventral view of foot.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF006614FFC1022DFF73F866FBBFF825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610224/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" startId="31.[151,250,1972,1994]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1951]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFC1022DFF73F866FBBFF825" blockId="31.[151,1436,1972,2025]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC1022DFF73F866FEFEF805" bold="true" box="[151,288,1972,1994]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFC1022DFECDF866FE2FF806" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[297,497,1972,1994]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC1022DFECDF866FE2FF806" box="[297,497,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Megophrys robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lectotype: adult female (BMNH 1947.2.25.19: SVL 102.0 mm) in preservation: 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC1022DFAD8F866FA90F805" bold="true" box="[1340,1358,1972,1993]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">A</emphasis>
. dorsal view; 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC1022DFF31F801FF38F824" bold="true" box="[213,230,2003,2024]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B</emphasis>
. ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC1022DFE9AF801FE4EF825" bold="true" box="[382,400,2003,2025]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C</emphasis>
. profile view of head; 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC1022DFD93F801FD57F824" bold="true" box="[631,649,2003,2024]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">D</emphasis>
. ventral view of foot; 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFC1022DFC88F801FCA3F824" bold="true" box="[876,893,2003,2024]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">E</emphasis>
. ventral view of hand.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF006614FFFE0212FF73FA0AFE71F96A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610226/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" startId="32.[151,250,1496,1518]" targetBox="[185,1401,193,1475]" targetPageId="32">
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFE0212FF73FA0AFE71F96A" blockId="32.[151,1437,1496,1702]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFE0212FF73FA0AFEC1FA21" bold="true" box="[151,287,1496,1518]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFE0212FEC1FA0AFE37FA22" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[293,489,1496,1518]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFE0212FEC1FA0AFE37FA22" box="[293,489,1496,1518]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Megophrys robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFE0212FE13FA0AFDFCFA22" bold="true" box="[503,546,1496,1518]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A–F</emphasis>
. referred specimens from West Bengal state and Arunachal Pradesh state: 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFE0212FAF7FA0AFAFBFA21" bold="true" box="[1299,1317,1496,1517]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A</emphasis>
. adult male topotype (SDBDU 2011.1062: SVL 79.8 mm) in life; 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFE0212FD30FA25FD3BF9C0" bold="true" box="[724,741,1527,1548]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">B</emphasis>
. adult male (SDBDU 2009.1284: SVL 73.5 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFE0212FE92F9C7FE56F9E7" bold="true" box="[374,392,1557,1579]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis>
. adult female topotype (SDBDU 2009.1063: SVL 81.3 mm) in life; 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFE0212FBAEF9C4FB82F9E7" bold="true" box="[1098,1116,1558,1579]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">D</emphasis>
. juvenile (SDBDU 2009.1245: SVL 29.2 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFE0212FD23F9E7FD06F986" bold="true" box="[711,728,1589,1610]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">E</emphasis>
. ventral view of topotype males, adult left (SDBDU 2011.416: SVL 83.1 mm), subadult right (SDBDU 2011.415: SVL 69.1 mm) in preservation; 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFE0212FC20F981FC0FF9A4" bold="true" box="[964,977,1619,1640]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">F</emphasis>
. ventral view of a an adult pair of topotype specimens taken immediately after euthanisation, left male (SDBDU 2011.1064: SVL 79.3 mm) and right female (SDBDU 2011.1063: SVL 81.3 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3656517FFFE0212FF23F901FED8F8DC" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFE0212FF23F901FED8F8DC" blockId="32.[151,1437,1747,2024]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<materialsCitation id="3B173CC1FFFE0212FF23F901FEDCF8DC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028521162" collectionCode="ZSIC" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="ZSIC 9681, ZSIC 10777" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFE0212FF23F901FD9DF920" bold="true" box="[199,579,1747,1772]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<typeStatus id="54C4883EFFFE0212FF23F901FEA9F920" box="[199,375,1747,1772]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
(by implication).
</emphasis>
Two adult females (
<specimenCode id="DBD99EE7FFFE0212FCC2F906FC78F920" box="[806,934,1747,1772]" collectionCode="ZSIC" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5icv-29es" name="Zoological Survey of India" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ZSIC 9681</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBD99EE7FFFE0212FC55F906FBE1F920" box="[945,1087,1748,1772]" collectionCode="ZSIC" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5icv-29es" name="Zoological Survey of India" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ZSIC 10777</specimenCode>
), details are the same as for the 
<typeStatus id="54C4883EFFFE0212FF73F925FEDCF8DC" box="[151,258,1783,1808]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3656517FFFE0213FF23F8C9FCAAF8C9" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFE0213FF23F8C9FD15FE8C" blockId="32.[151,1437,1747,2024]" lastBlockId="33.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFE0212FF23F8C9FE16F8F8" bold="true" box="[199,456,1819,1844]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Examined specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B173CC1FFFE0212FE2AF8CEFC64F8F8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028521227" box="[462,954,1819,1844]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="BMNH 1947.2" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<specimenCode id="DBD99EE7FFFE0212FE2AF8CEFDA6F8F8" box="[462,632,1819,1844]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">BMNH 1947.2</specimenCode>
.25.19 (
<typeStatus id="54C4883EFFFE0212FD2FF8C9FCE6F8F8" box="[715,824,1819,1844]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
: 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFE0212FCA6F8C9FC6EF8F8" box="[834,944,1819,1844]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Megophrys robusta lectotype: adult female (BMNH 1947.2.25.19: SVL 102.0 mm) in preservation: A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. profile view of head; D. ventral view of foot; E. ventral view of hand." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610224/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 11</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B173CC1FFFE0212FC22F8CEFB96F8F8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028521206" box="[966,1096,1819,1844]" collectionCode="ZSIC" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="ZSIC 9681" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<specimenCode id="DBD99EE7FFFE0212FC22F8CEFB9AF8F8" box="[966,1092,1819,1844]" collectionCode="ZSIC" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5icv-29es" name="Zoological Survey of India" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ZSIC 9681</specimenCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B173CC1FFFE0213FBABF8CEFD16FE8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028521207" collectingDate="2009-08-07" collectingDateMax="2011-06-06" collectingDateMin="2009-08-07" collectionCode="ZSIC, SDBDU" country="India" county="Systematics Lab" elevation="1135" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" latitude="27.101116" location="Latpanchar town" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.52737" municipality="Northeast" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="ZSIC 10777, SDBDU 2011.1057, SDBDU 2011.1062, SDBDU 2011.1064, SDBDU 2011.1063, SDBDU 2011.415, SDBDU 2011.416, SDBDU 2009.1270, SDBDU 2009.1284, SDBDU 2009.1245" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Bengal" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<specimenCode id="DBD99EE7FFFE0212FBABF8CEFB07F8F8" box="[1103,1241,1820,1844]" collectionCode="ZSIC" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5icv-29es" name="Zoological Survey of India" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ZSIC 10777</specimenCode>
(
<typeStatus id="54C4883EFFFE0212FB0CF8C9FA4FF8F8" box="[1256,1425,1819,1844]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
); three adult males (
<specimenCode id="DBD99EE7FFFE0212FE80F8EDFD9AF894" box="[356,580,1855,1880]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">SDBDU 2011.1057</specimenCode>
; 
<specimenCode id="DBD99EE7FFFE0212FDB4F8EDFCEEF894" box="[592,816,1855,1880]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">SDBDU 2011.1062</specimenCode>
: 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFE0212FCDEF8EDFC63F89B" box="[826,957,1855,1880]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Megophrys robusta: A–F. referred specimens from West Bengal state and Arunachal Pradesh state: A. adult male topotype (SDBDU 2011.1062: SVL 79.8 mm) in life; B. adult male (SDBDU 2009.1284: SVL 73.5 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; C. adult female topotype (SDBDU 2009.1063: SVL 81.3 mm) in life; D. juvenile (SDBDU 2009.1245: SVL 29.2 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; E. ventral view of topotype males, adult left (SDBDU 2011.416: SVL 83.1 mm), subadult right (SDBDU 2011.415: SVL 69.1 mm) in preservation; F. ventral view of a an adult pair of topotype specimens taken immediately after euthanisation, left male (SDBDU 2011.1064: SVL 79.3 mm) and right female (SDBDU 2011.1063: SVL 81.3 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610226/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 12A</figureCitation>
; 
<specimenCode id="DBD99EE7FFFE0212FC2CF8EDFB77F894" box="[968,1193,1855,1880]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">SDBDU 2011.1064</specimenCode>
: 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFE0212FB57F8EDFAEFF89B" box="[1203,1329,1855,1880]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Megophrys robusta: A–F. referred specimens from West Bengal state and Arunachal Pradesh state: A. adult male topotype (SDBDU 2011.1062: SVL 79.8 mm) in life; B. adult male (SDBDU 2009.1284: SVL 73.5 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; C. adult female topotype (SDBDU 2009.1063: SVL 81.3 mm) in life; D. juvenile (SDBDU 2009.1245: SVL 29.2 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; E. ventral view of topotype males, adult left (SDBDU 2011.416: SVL 83.1 mm), subadult right (SDBDU 2011.415: SVL 69.1 mm) in preservation; F. ventral view of a an adult pair of topotype specimens taken immediately after euthanisation, left male (SDBDU 2011.1064: SVL 79.3 mm) and right female (SDBDU 2011.1063: SVL 81.3 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610226/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 12F</figureCitation>
), and one adult female (
<specimenCode id="DBD99EE7FFFE0212FED2F8B6FDC5F8B0" box="[310,539,1891,1916]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">SDBDU 2011.1063</specimenCode>
: 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFE0212FDCCF8B1FD3AF8B0" box="[552,740,1891,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Megophrys robusta: A–F. referred specimens from West Bengal state and Arunachal Pradesh state: A. adult male topotype (SDBDU 2011.1062: SVL 79.8 mm) in life; B. adult male (SDBDU 2009.1284: SVL 73.5 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; C. adult female topotype (SDBDU 2009.1063: SVL 81.3 mm) in life; D. juvenile (SDBDU 2009.1245: SVL 29.2 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; E. ventral view of topotype males, adult left (SDBDU 2011.416: SVL 83.1 mm), subadult right (SDBDU 2011.415: SVL 69.1 mm) in preservation; F. ventral view of a an adult pair of topotype specimens taken immediately after euthanisation, left male (SDBDU 2011.1064: SVL 79.3 mm) and right female (SDBDU 2011.1063: SVL 81.3 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610226/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 12C &amp; F</figureCitation>
), from near 
<location id="8EA06047FFFE0212FC91F8B1FBEBF8B7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D6878AFFC30216FF73F9E8FCFAFCD8:8EA06047FFFE0212FC91F8B1FBEBF8B7" box="[885,1077,1891,1916]" country="India" county="Systematics Lab" latitude="27.101116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.52737" municipality="Northeast" name="Latpanchar town" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="West Bengal">Latpanchar town</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B505BFFFE0212FBA3F8B1FB3DF8B0" box="[1095,1251,1891,1916]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="1" value="26.9095">26°54'34.2&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B505BFFFE0212FB16F8B1FA46F8B0" box="[1266,1432,1891,1916]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="1" value="88.39848">88°23'54.54&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="0052D1AFFFFE0212FF73F855FEF7F86C" box="[151,297,1927,1952]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.135" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="1135.0">
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFE0212FF73F855FF2AF853" box="[151,244,1927,1952]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.135" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="1135.0">1135 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
.), 
<location id="8EA06047FFFE0212FEA9F85AFE64F86C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D6878AFFC30216FF73F9E8FCFAFCD8:8EA06047FFFE0212FEA9F85AFE64F86C" box="[333,442,1928,1952]" country="India" county="Systematics Lab" latitude="27.101116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.52737" municipality="Northeast" name="Kurseong" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="West Bengal">Kurseong</location>
sub-division, 
<location id="8EA06047FFFE0212FD88F855FC9AF86C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D6878AFFC30216FF73F9E8FCFAFCD8:8EA06047FFFE0212FD88F855FC9AF86C" box="[620,836,1927,1952]" country="India" county="Systematics Lab" latitude="27.101116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.52737" municipality="Northeast" name="Darjeeling district" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="West Bengal">Darjeeling district</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49BBF87EFFFE0212FCBDF85AFC2DF86C" box="[857,1011,1927,1952]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EA06047FFFE0212FBECF855FBABF86C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D6878AFFC30216FF73F9E8FCFAFCD8:8EA06047FFFE0212FBECF855FBABF86C" box="[1032,1141,1927,1952]" country="India" county="Systematics Lab" latitude="27.101116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.52737" municipality="Northeast" name="Northeast" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="West Bengal">Northeast</location>
<collectingCountry id="F368760CFFFE0212FB62F855FB1CF86C" box="[1158,1218,1927,1952]" name="India" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">India</collectingCountry>
, collected by the 
<location id="8EA06047FFFE0212FF73F879FE8EF808" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D6878AFFC30216FF73F9E8FCFAFCD8:8EA06047FFFE0212FF73F879FE8EF808" box="[151,336,1963,1988]" country="India" county="Systematics Lab" latitude="27.101116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.52737" municipality="Northeast" name="Systematics Lab" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="West Bengal">Systematics Lab</location>
members on 0 5 and 0 
<collectingDate id="EF85E9B4FFFE0212FDADF879FD0DF808" box="[585,723,1963,1988]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2011-06-06">
<date id="FFC1105CFFFE0212FDADF879FD0DF808" box="[585,723,1963,1988]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2011-06-06">6 June 2011</date>
</collectingDate>
; a subadult male (
<specimenCode id="DBD99EE7FFFE0212FC7BF87EFBAAF808" box="[927,1140,1963,1988]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">SDBDU 2011.415</specimenCode>
: 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFE0212FB9AF879FB20F808" box="[1150,1278,1963,1988]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Megophrys robusta: A–F. referred specimens from West Bengal state and Arunachal Pradesh state: A. adult male topotype (SDBDU 2011.1062: SVL 79.8 mm) in life; B. adult male (SDBDU 2009.1284: SVL 73.5 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; C. adult female topotype (SDBDU 2009.1063: SVL 81.3 mm) in life; D. juvenile (SDBDU 2009.1245: SVL 29.2 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; E. ventral view of topotype males, adult left (SDBDU 2011.416: SVL 83.1 mm), subadult right (SDBDU 2011.415: SVL 69.1 mm) in preservation; F. ventral view of a an adult pair of topotype specimens taken immediately after euthanisation, left male (SDBDU 2011.1064: SVL 79.3 mm) and right female (SDBDU 2011.1063: SVL 81.3 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610226/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 12E</figureCitation>
), and an adult male (
<specimenCode id="DBD99EE7FFFE0212FF04F81DFE66F824" box="[224,440,1999,2024]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">SDBDU 2011.416</specimenCode>
: 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFE0212FE23F81DFD95F82B" box="[455,587,1999,2024]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Megophrys robusta: A–F. referred specimens from West Bengal state and Arunachal Pradesh state: A. adult male topotype (SDBDU 2011.1062: SVL 79.8 mm) in life; B. adult male (SDBDU 2009.1284: SVL 73.5 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; C. adult female topotype (SDBDU 2009.1063: SVL 81.3 mm) in life; D. juvenile (SDBDU 2009.1245: SVL 29.2 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; E. ventral view of topotype males, adult left (SDBDU 2011.416: SVL 83.1 mm), subadult right (SDBDU 2011.415: SVL 69.1 mm) in preservation; F. ventral view of a an adult pair of topotype specimens taken immediately after euthanisation, left male (SDBDU 2011.1064: SVL 79.3 mm) and right female (SDBDU 2011.1063: SVL 81.3 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610226/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 12E</figureCitation>
), from 
<location id="8EA06047FFFE0212FD41F81DFD2AF82B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D6878AFFC30216FF73F9E8FCFAFCD8:8EA06047FFFE0212FD41F81DFD2AF82B" box="[677,756,1999,2023]" country="India" county="Systematics Lab" latitude="27.101116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.52737" municipality="Northeast" name="Stream" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="West Bengal">Stream</location>
1 (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B505BFFFE0212FCC4F81DFC63F824" box="[800,957,1999,2024]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="1" value="26.90964">26°54'34.7&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B505BFFFE0212FC28F81DFBBAF824" box="[972,1124,1999,2024]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="1" value="88.39797">88°23'52.7&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="0052D1AFFFFE0212FB90F81DFB22F824" box="[1140,1276,1999,2024]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="1030.0">
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFE0212FB90F81DFB13F82B" box="[1140,1229,1999,2023]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="1030.0">1030 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
.), 
<location id="8EA06047FFFE0213FAFEF81DFEAFFF7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D6878AFFC30216FF73F9E8FCFAFCD8:8EA06047FFFE0213FAFEF81DFEAFFF7C" country="India" county="Systematics Lab" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" latitude="27.101116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.52737" municipality="Northeast" name="Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="West Bengal">Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary</location>
, 
<location id="8EA06047FFFF0213FE67FF45FDA6FF7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D6878AFFC30216FF73F9E8FCFAFCD8:8EA06047FFFF0213FE67FF45FDA6FF7C" box="[387,632,151,176]" country="India" county="Systematics Lab" latitude="27.101116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.52737" municipality="Northeast" name="Latpanchar township" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" stateProvince="West Bengal">Latpanchar township</location>
, 
<location id="8EA06047FFFF0213FD6DFF4AFD28FF7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D6878AFFC30216FF73F9E8FCFAFCD8:8EA06047FFFF0213FD6DFF4AFD28FF7C" box="[649,758,152,176]" country="India" county="Systematics Lab" latitude="27.101116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.52737" municipality="Northeast" name="Kurseong" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" stateProvince="West Bengal">Kurseong</location>
sub-division, 
<location id="8EA06047FFFF0213FC46FF45FBA8FF7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D6878AFFC30216FF73F9E8FCFAFCD8:8EA06047FFFF0213FC46FF45FBA8FF7C" box="[930,1142,151,176]" country="India" county="Systematics Lab" latitude="27.101116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.52737" municipality="Northeast" name="Darjeeling district" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" stateProvince="West Bengal">Darjeeling district</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49BBF87EFFFF0213FB63FF4AFAC0FF7C" box="[1159,1310,151,176]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EA06047FFFF0213FACBFF45FA42FF7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D6878AFFC30216FF73F9E8FCFAFCD8:8EA06047FFFF0213FACBFF45FA42FF7C" box="[1327,1436,151,176]" country="India" county="Systematics Lab" latitude="27.101116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.52737" municipality="Northeast" name="Northeast" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" stateProvince="West Bengal">Northeast</location>
<collectingCountry id="F368760CFFFF0213FF73FF6EFF0DFF19" box="[151,211,188,213]" name="India" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">India</collectingCountry>
, collected by SDB and RGK on 
<collectingDate id="EF85E9B4FFFF0213FD81FF6EFCBAFF18" box="[613,868,188,213]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="2011-05-19" valueMax="2011-05-20" valueMin="2011-05-19">
<date id="FFC1105CFFFF0213FD81FF6EFCBAFF18" box="[613,868,188,213]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="2011-05-19" valueMax="2011-05-20" valueMin="2011-05-19">19 and 20 May 2011</date>
</collectingDate>
; two adult males (
<specimenCode id="DBD99EE7FFFF0213FBA2FF6EFAF0FF18" box="[1094,1326,188,212]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">SDBDU 2009.1270</specimenCode>
; 
<specimenCode id="DBD99EE7FFFF0213FADAFF6EFECDFF34" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">SDBDU 2009.1284</specimenCode>
: 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFF0213FEC4FF0DFE7BFF34" box="[288,421,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Megophrys robusta: A–F. referred specimens from West Bengal state and Arunachal Pradesh state: A. adult male topotype (SDBDU 2011.1062: SVL 79.8 mm) in life; B. adult male (SDBDU 2009.1284: SVL 73.5 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; C. adult female topotype (SDBDU 2009.1063: SVL 81.3 mm) in life; D. juvenile (SDBDU 2009.1245: SVL 29.2 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; E. ventral view of topotype males, adult left (SDBDU 2011.416: SVL 83.1 mm), subadult right (SDBDU 2011.415: SVL 69.1 mm) in preservation; F. ventral view of a an adult pair of topotype specimens taken immediately after euthanisation, left male (SDBDU 2011.1064: SVL 79.3 mm) and right female (SDBDU 2011.1063: SVL 81.3 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610226/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 12B</figureCitation>
), and one juvenile (
<specimenCode id="DBD99EE7FFFF0213FD6BFF32FCABFF34" box="[655,885,223,248]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">SDBDU 2009.1245</specimenCode>
: 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFF0213FC67FF0DFBD7FF34" box="[899,1033,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Megophrys robusta: A–F. referred specimens from West Bengal state and Arunachal Pradesh state: A. adult male topotype (SDBDU 2011.1062: SVL 79.8 mm) in life; B. adult male (SDBDU 2009.1284: SVL 73.5 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; C. adult female topotype (SDBDU 2009.1063: SVL 81.3 mm) in life; D. juvenile (SDBDU 2009.1245: SVL 29.2 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; E. ventral view of topotype males, adult left (SDBDU 2011.416: SVL 83.1 mm), subadult right (SDBDU 2011.415: SVL 69.1 mm) in preservation; F. ventral view of a an adult pair of topotype specimens taken immediately after euthanisation, left male (SDBDU 2011.1064: SVL 79.3 mm) and right female (SDBDU 2011.1063: SVL 81.3 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610226/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 12D</figureCitation>
), from 
<location id="8EA06047FFFF0213FB86FF32FB29FF34" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D6878AFFC30216FF73F9E8FCFAFCD8:8EA06047FFFF0213FB86FF32FB29FF34" box="[1122,1271,223,248]" country="India" county="Systematics Lab" latitude="27.101116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.52737" municipality="Northeast" name="Sessa village" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" stateProvince="West Bengal">Sessa village</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B505BFFFF0213FAEDFF0DFA46FF34" box="[1289,1432,223,248]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="27.101116">27°6'4.02&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B505BFFFF0213FF73FED6FEE0FED1" box="[151,318,260,285]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="92.52737">92°31'38.52&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="0052D1AFFFFF0213FEA8FED6FE0FFED1" box="[332,465,260,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="1110.0">
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFF0213FEA8FED6FE7DFED0" box="[332,419,260,284]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="1110.0">1110 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
.), 
<location id="8EA06047FFFF0213FE0AFED7FD35FED1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D6878AFFC30216FF73F9E8FCFAFCD8:8EA06047FFFF0213FE0AFED7FD35FED1" box="[494,747,260,285]" country="India" county="Systematics Lab" latitude="27.101116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.52737" municipality="Northeast" name="West Kameng district" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" stateProvince="West Bengal">West Kameng district</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49BBF87EFFFF0213FD1DFED6FC0CFED1" box="[761,978,260,285]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
state, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA4ACE6FFFF0213FBC5FED6FB50FED1" box="[1057,1166,260,285]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Northeast</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingCountry id="F368760CFFFF0213FB7CFED6FB0AFED1" box="[1176,1236,260,285]" name="India" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">India</collectingCountry>
, collected by the 
<collectingCounty id="62A14E10FFFF0213FF73FEF5FE8EFE8C" box="[151,336,295,320]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Systematics Lab</collectingCounty>
members on 
<collectingDate id="EF85E9B4FFFF0213FE03FEFAFD16FE8C" box="[487,712,296,320]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="2009-08-07" valueMax="2009-08-09" valueMin="2009-08-07">
<date id="FFC1105CFFFF0213FE03FEFAFD16FE8C" box="[487,712,296,320]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="2009-08-07" valueMax="2009-08-09" valueMin="2009-08-07">07–09 August 2009</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFF0213FF23FE9EFB30FD01" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFF0213FF23FE9EFD2CFEA9" bold="true" box="[199,754,332,357]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<typeStatus id="54C4883EFFFF0213FF23FE9EFEE3FEA9" box="[199,317,332,357]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
description (measurements in mm).
</emphasis>
Mature female (SVL 102.0) (
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFF0213FBADFE9EFB64FEA8" box="[1097,1210,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Megophrys robusta lectotype: adult female (BMNH 1947.2.25.19: SVL 102.0 mm) in preservation: A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. profile view of head; D. ventral view of foot; E. ventral view of hand." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610224/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 11</figureCitation>
). Head large, wider than long (HW 42.0, HL 40.9, IFE 16.9, IBE 30.1); snout broadly pointed in dorsal view, obtusely protruding beyond mandible in lateral view, without rostral appendage (
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFF0213FCADFE46FC13FE60" box="[841,973,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Megophrys robusta lectotype: adult female (BMNH 1947.2.25.19: SVL 102.0 mm) in preservation: A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. profile view of head; D. ventral view of foot; E. ventral view of hand." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610224/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 11C</figureCitation>
); loreal region acute, concave, with well developed canthus rostralis; dorsal surface of snout concave; eye diameter larger than maximum tympanum diameter, and shorter than snout (EL 11.6, TYD 7.7, SL 13.2); eye–tympanum distance (TYE 8.2) slightly longer than tympanum diameter; tympanum distinctly oval, obliquely orientated (
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFF0213FC3BFE2DFBBFFDD4" box="[991,1121,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Megophrys robusta lectotype: adult female (BMNH 1947.2.25.19: SVL 102.0 mm) in preservation: A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. profile view of head; D. ventral view of foot; E. ventral view of hand." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610224/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 11C</figureCitation>
), upper ~40% concealed by supratympanic ridge; pupil indistinct; nostril positioned laterally, circular with raised posterior rim, closer to eye than to snout (EN 5.3, SN 7.4); internarial distance equal to narrowest point between upper eyelids, and greater than upper eyelid width (IN 11.9, IUE 12.0, UEW 10.0); pineal ocellus absent; vomerine ridges well developed, positioned between choanae, closer to choanae than to each other; vomerine teeth absent; maxillary teeth present; tongue large, rounded posteriorly (possibly artefact of preservation), medial lingual process absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFF0213FF23FD05FEF5FBF9" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Forelimbs moderately long, thin (
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFF0213FDB7FD05FCC2FD3C" box="[595,796,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Megophrys robusta lectotype: adult female (BMNH 1947.2.25.19: SVL 102.0 mm) in preservation: A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. profile view of head; D. ventral view of foot; E. ventral view of hand." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610224/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 11A &amp; B</figureCitation>
), forearm slightly enlarged relative to upper forelimb, slightly shorter than hand length (FAL 25.4, HAL 26.3); fingers long, narrow (
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFF0213FBF5FD2EFB4BFCD8" box="[1041,1173,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Megophrys robusta lectotype: adult female (BMNH 1947.2.25.19: SVL 102.0 mm) in preservation: A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. profile view of head; D. ventral view of foot; E. ventral view of hand." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610224/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 11D</figureCitation>
), finger length formula IV&lt;I=II&lt;III (FIL 12.5, FIIL 12.5, FIIIL 18.2, FIVL 12.2); interdigital webbing and lateral fringes on digits absent; subarticular, supernumerary and metacarpal tubercles absent; thenar tubercle weakly developed; digit tips slightly expanded, flattened, without pads or terminal grooves. Hindlimbs relatively long, thin (
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFF0213FB64FCB5FA9EFC4C" box="[1152,1344,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Megophrys robusta lectotype: adult female (BMNH 1947.2.25.19: SVL 102.0 mm) in preservation: A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. profile view of head; D. ventral view of foot; E. ventral view of hand." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610224/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 11A &amp; B</figureCitation>
); thighs slightly shorter than shanks, and feet (TL 50.0, SHL 52.6, FOL 50.8); toes long, thin (
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFF0213FB65FC5EFADBFC68" box="[1153,1285,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Megophrys robusta lectotype: adult female (BMNH 1947.2.25.19: SVL 102.0 mm) in preservation: A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. profile view of head; D. ventral view of foot; E. ventral view of hand." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610224/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 11E</figureCitation>
), relative toe lengths I&lt;II&lt;V&lt;III&lt;IV; digit tips slightly dilated, flattened, without distinct pads; base of digits with thick rudimentary webbing; lateral fringes on toes absent; outer metatarsal, subarticular and supernumerary tubercles all absent; inner metatarsal tubercle present but barely distinguishable; ridge of thickened skin on ventral surface of digits absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFF0213FF23FBEDFDDCFA0C" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Skin on dorsal surfaces of snout, head, and back weakly granular; throat, chest, and limbs smooth; flanks densely granular with ~15 small scattered tubercles (counted on left side); entire abdomen wrinkled (artefact of preservation), posterior thighs and cloacal region finely granular; tympanum smooth, slightly concave; sides of head finely granular; palpebral horn absent but with a broad fleshy bump in its place; supratympanic ridges narrow anteriorly, widening posteriorly, extends from posterior orbital border, curves down along upper and posterior border of tympanum, terminating above forelimb insertion; narrow, raised dorsolateral ridge on each side, extending posteriorly from behind supratympanic ridge to ~75% trunk length; weak, V-shaped parietoscapular ridge present, extending posteriorly from temporal region on each side, meeting medially beyond level of forelimbs, second short weak inverted U-shaped sacral ridge on posterior dorsum; pectoral glands weakly raised, level with axilla on chest; femoral glands not distinctly raised, on posterior surface of thighs, closer to knee than to cloaca; dermal asperities absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFF0213FF23FA1EFCAAF8C9" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFF0213FF23FA1EFE8EFA29" box="[199,336,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Colouration</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFF0213FE84FA1FFDD7FA28" box="[352,521,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">In preservative</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFF0213FDFDFA1EFD54FA28" box="[537,650,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Megophrys robusta lectotype: adult female (BMNH 1947.2.25.19: SVL 102.0 mm) in preservation: A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. profile view of head; D. ventral view of foot; E. ventral view of hand." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610224/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 11</figureCitation>
): Flanks, and dorsal surface of head, body, and limbs primarily plain brown; large flank tubercles lighter brown, each bordered below by small dark brown blotch; faint solid dark brown triangular marking on dorsal surface of head; wide, slightly oblique dark brown bar below each eye; gular region and chest pale brown with some dark speckling; ventral surfaces of thighs and shanks primarily light with faint mottling; outer tarsi with continuous dark brown blotch extending from base of foot to base of shank along outer edge; surfaces adjacent to cloaca dark brown; forelimbs brown above with two or three dark brown transverse stripes and blotches on forearms; dark brown patch extends from base of hand to elbow on ventral surface; ventral surfaces of hands and feet faded greyish-brown; pectoral and femoral glands white. 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFF0213FB7CF91BFB3FF92C" box="[1176,1249,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">In life</emphasis>
: Not originally documented for 
<typeStatus id="54C4883EFFFF0213FEAAF93EFE6AF8C9" box="[334,436,1772,1797]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(refer to 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFF0213FDFAF93EFD54F8C8" box="[542,650,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Megophrys robusta: A–F. referred specimens from West Bengal state and Arunachal Pradesh state: A. adult male topotype (SDBDU 2011.1062: SVL 79.8 mm) in life; B. adult male (SDBDU 2009.1284: SVL 73.5 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; C. adult female topotype (SDBDU 2009.1063: SVL 81.3 mm) in life; D. juvenile (SDBDU 2009.1245: SVL 29.2 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; E. ventral view of topotype males, adult left (SDBDU 2011.416: SVL 83.1 mm), subadult right (SDBDU 2011.415: SVL 69.1 mm) in preservation; F. ventral view of a an adult pair of topotype specimens taken immediately after euthanisation, left male (SDBDU 2011.1064: SVL 79.3 mm) and right female (SDBDU 2011.1063: SVL 81.3 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610226/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 12</figureCitation>
for other examples).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3656517FFFF0210FF23F8DDFF31F8C9" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFF0210FF23F8DDFDBDFBB1" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFF0213FF23F8DDFEE1F8E4" bold="true" box="[199,319,1807,1832]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Variation.</emphasis>
Refer to 
<tableCitation id="C6FD0327FFFF0213FE58F8DDFDC8F8E4" box="[444,534,1807,1832]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="22.[147,225,525,545]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric details for specimens new and known included in the Taxonomic review section. Refer to Methods and materials section for explanation of measurement abbreviations and museum acronyms. HT = holotype; PT = paratype; LT = lectotype; PLT = paralectotype; NT = neotype; RS = referred specimen; M = adult male; F = adult female; SA = subadult; J = juvenile [post metamorphic]; † = BMNH voucher numbers; # = SDBDU voucher numbers; ind = character limits insufficiently distinct to reliably measure." pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Table 1</tableCitation>
for morphometric variation within the type series and referred specimens, consisting of seven adult males, four adult females, a subadult, and a juvenile. The 
<typeStatus id="54C4883EFFFF0213FB82F8E6FAD6F881" box="[1126,1288,1844,1869]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
and referred specimens resemble the 
<typeStatus id="54C4883EFFFF0213FE4AF885FDCBF8BC" box="[430,533,1879,1904]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for most morphological characters with the following exceptions: Head width/ head length ratios differ between Darjeeling and 
<collectingRegion id="49BBF87EFFFF0213FD34F8AEFC76F859" box="[720,936,1916,1941]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
specimens—all Darjeeling specimens have HWŽHL (this study, 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFF0213FE6DF873FE42F874" box="[393,412,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">N</emphasis>
=9; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFF0213FE2EF872FD1FF874" author="Deuti, K &amp; Kumar, A." box="[458,705,1952,1977]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="119 - 120" refId="ref52278" refString="Deuti, K &amp; Kumar, A. (2008) Rediscovery of Robust pelobatid frog, Xenophrys robusta, after fifty years with three colour morphs. Zoological Survey of India, 108 (4), 119 - 120." type="journal article" year="2008">Deuti &amp; Kumar 2008</bibRefCitation>
, 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFF0213FD2AF873FD3FF874" box="[718,737,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">N</emphasis>
=5), 
<collectingRegion id="49BBF87EFFFF0213FCFCF872FC31F875" box="[792,1007,1952,1977]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
specimens have HLŽHW (this study, 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFF0213FF73F817FF74F810" box="[151,170,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">N</emphasis>
=3); two specimens (SDBDU 2009.1270, SDBDU 2009.1245) have relative finger length formula IV=I=II&lt;III; on most specimens, vomerine ridges are positioned equidistant from choanae and each other; vomerine teeth vary in size considerably, from indistinct on approximately half of examined specimens, to moderately well-developed on SDBDU 2011.1057; rounded appearance of tongue on 
<typeStatus id="54C4883EFFFC0210FCF8FF0DFC5DFF34" box="[796,899,223,248]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
appears to be artefact of preservation, as tongue of other specimens are distinctly, though weakly bifurcate posteriorly; dorsolateral ridges typically extend posteriorly almost to above cloaca on most specimens; tympanic concealment by supratympanic ridge varies from ~10 to 40%; parietoscapular-sacral ridge configurations vary considerably, i.e., “&gt; (”, “&gt;--&lt;”, or only V-shaped parietoscapular ridge present; dermal asperities absent on all females and subadults, but all males from Darjeeling possess black spinular asperities in dense thick circummarginal band along lower and upper jaw, covering entire surface below (and including) supratympanic ridges, more sparse on loreal region, absent from front of snout, sparse on posterior surface of upper eyelids, posterior dorsal surface of head and anterior body, increasing in density posteriorly on dorsum, sparse on dorsal and ventral surfaces of thighs, shanks, and tarsi, but more dense on dorsal surfaces near joints, sparse (or occasionally absent) on posterior surface of abdomen, present along all dorsal ridges, absent from flanks, anterior abdomen, chest and throat. Males from 
<collectingRegion id="49BBF87EFFFC0210FBF5FD95FB34FDAC" box="[1041,1258,583,608]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
agree with the Darjeeling specimens regarding asperities cover, except that they have less dense asperities on upper jaw, none on supratympanic ridges except on tympanum and surface posterior to tympanum. Some specimens have weakly developed outer metacarpal tubercles visible; moderately well developed thenar tubercles present on some individuals. Flank tuberculation varies from sparse, small tubercles to large, dense tubercles. Dorsal surfaces of snout usually with small irregularly arranged dark brown blotches (
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFC0210FC45FD2EFB55FCD8" box="[929,1163,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Megophrys robusta: A–F. referred specimens from West Bengal state and Arunachal Pradesh state: A. adult male topotype (SDBDU 2011.1062: SVL 79.8 mm) in life; B. adult male (SDBDU 2009.1284: SVL 73.5 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; C. adult female topotype (SDBDU 2009.1063: SVL 81.3 mm) in life; D. juvenile (SDBDU 2009.1245: SVL 29.2 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; E. ventral view of topotype males, adult left (SDBDU 2011.416: SVL 83.1 mm), subadult right (SDBDU 2011.415: SVL 69.1 mm) in preservation; F. ventral view of a an adult pair of topotype specimens taken immediately after euthanisation, left male (SDBDU 2011.1064: SVL 79.3 mm) and right female (SDBDU 2011.1063: SVL 81.3 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610226/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 12A, B &amp; D</figureCitation>
); triangular marking on dorsal surface of head occasionally incomplete; parietoscapular-sacral ridges typically accompanied by dark brown marking that follows shape of dermal ridges, others densely mottled with brown blotches over entire dorsum; general colouration in preservation ranges from pale brown to dark brown dorsally, dorsal marking barely visible (or absent) on darker individuals; some specimens have 3–6 distinct light brown longitudinal stripes extending from gular region onto chest (
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFC0210FE0DFC7DFD7CFC04" box="[489,674,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Megophrys robusta: A–F. referred specimens from West Bengal state and Arunachal Pradesh state: A. adult male topotype (SDBDU 2011.1062: SVL 79.8 mm) in life; B. adult male (SDBDU 2009.1284: SVL 73.5 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; C. adult female topotype (SDBDU 2009.1063: SVL 81.3 mm) in life; D. juvenile (SDBDU 2009.1245: SVL 29.2 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; E. ventral view of topotype males, adult left (SDBDU 2011.416: SVL 83.1 mm), subadult right (SDBDU 2011.415: SVL 69.1 mm) in preservation; F. ventral view of a an adult pair of topotype specimens taken immediately after euthanisation, left male (SDBDU 2011.1064: SVL 79.3 mm) and right female (SDBDU 2011.1063: SVL 81.3 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610226/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 12E &amp; F</figureCitation>
); most have faint to distinct brown blotch extending from posterior border of orbit through tympanum (
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFC0210FDDFFC06FCDCFC20" box="[571,770,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Megophrys robusta: A–F. referred specimens from West Bengal state and Arunachal Pradesh state: A. adult male topotype (SDBDU 2011.1062: SVL 79.8 mm) in life; B. adult male (SDBDU 2009.1284: SVL 73.5 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; C. adult female topotype (SDBDU 2009.1063: SVL 81.3 mm) in life; D. juvenile (SDBDU 2009.1245: SVL 29.2 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; E. ventral view of topotype males, adult left (SDBDU 2011.416: SVL 83.1 mm), subadult right (SDBDU 2011.415: SVL 69.1 mm) in preservation; F. ventral view of a an adult pair of topotype specimens taken immediately after euthanisation, left male (SDBDU 2011.1064: SVL 79.3 mm) and right female (SDBDU 2011.1063: SVL 81.3 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610226/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 12A &amp; B</figureCitation>
), and from anterior orbit laterally along edge of canthus rostralis to snout tip; all have distinctly dark brown lower edge to supratympanic ridge and brown vertical bars on sides of face, most distinct is broad bar extending from lower border of orbits to edge of upper lip [erroneously reported to be absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFC0210FE46FB93FDC5FB94" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[418,539,1087,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FE46FB93FDC5FB94" box="[418,539,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFC0210FDA1FBEDFCC8FB94" author="Ohler, A. &amp; Swan, S. R. &amp; Daltry, J. C." box="[581,790,1087,1112]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="465 - 481" refId="ref56047" refString="Ohler, A., Swan, S. R. &amp; Daltry, J. C. (2002) A recent survey of the amphibian fauna of the Cardamom Mountains, southwest Cambodia with descriptions of three new species. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 50 (2), 465 - 481." type="journal article" year="2002">
Ohler 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FD6FFB93FD1DFB94" box="[651,707,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
(2002)
</bibRefCitation>
] (
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFC0210FCCFFBEDFC69FB94" box="[811,951,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1951]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Megophrys robusta lectotype: adult female (BMNH 1947.2.25.19: SVL 102.0 mm) in preservation: A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. profile view of head; D. ventral view of foot; E. ventral view of hand." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610224/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figures 11C</figureCitation>
, &amp; 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFC0210FC3BFB92FBB8FB94" box="[991,1126,1088,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Megophrys robusta: A–F. referred specimens from West Bengal state and Arunachal Pradesh state: A. adult male topotype (SDBDU 2011.1062: SVL 79.8 mm) in life; B. adult male (SDBDU 2009.1284: SVL 73.5 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; C. adult female topotype (SDBDU 2009.1063: SVL 81.3 mm) in life; D. juvenile (SDBDU 2009.1245: SVL 29.2 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; E. ventral view of topotype males, adult left (SDBDU 2011.416: SVL 83.1 mm), subadult right (SDBDU 2011.415: SVL 69.1 mm) in preservation; F. ventral view of a an adult pair of topotype specimens taken immediately after euthanisation, left male (SDBDU 2011.1064: SVL 79.3 mm) and right female (SDBDU 2011.1063: SVL 81.3 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610226/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">12A, C &amp; E</figureCitation>
); outer edge of gular region typically brown, with eight light patches.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFC0210FF23FB55FB63FA99" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FF23FB55FDEDFB6C" bold="true" box="[199,563,1159,1184]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Secondary sexual characters.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FDA6FB55FD58FB6C" box="[578,646,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Males</emphasis>
: nuptial pads present, weakly raised, covered with black microasperities, covering almost entire dorsal surface of Finger I; nuptial pad on Finger II small, oval, positioned on base of digit on inner dorsal side (extending on to base of proximal phalange on some individuals); external vocal sac usually indistinct, though skin is loose on some individuals indicating large sub-gular sac that extends onto chest; large internal vocal slit is present on floor of mouth near rear of mandible on each side; forearms enlarged relative to upper forelimbs. 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FE90FAEEFE0DFA99" box="[372,467,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Females</emphasis>
: ova not pigmented; nuptial pads, vocal sac, vocal slits, all absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFC0210FF23FA8DFAA7F9C4" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FF23FA8DFDC9FAB4" bold="true" box="[199,535,1375,1400]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Morphological comparison.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFC0210FDC0FA8DFCDAFAB4" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[548,772,1375,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FDC0FA8DFCDAFAB4" box="[548,772,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Megophrys robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(adult males 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FC4AFAB3FC1FFAB4" box="[942,961,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">N</emphasis>
=6, adult females 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FB79FAB3FB6EFAB4" box="[1181,1200,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">N</emphasis>
=4) differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFC0210FA99FAB3FED9FA51" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FA99FAB3FED9FA51" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. monticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFC0210FEDAFA57FE71FA51" authorityName="Ye and Fei" authorityYear="1992" box="[318,431,1412,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FEDAFA57FE71FA51" box="[318,431,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its larger adult body size, male SVL 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFC0210FC9CFA56FBC0FA50" box="[888,1054,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.83" metricValueMax="8.309999999999999" metricValueMin="7.35" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="78.3" valueMax="83.1" valueMin="73.5">73.5–83.1 mm</quantity>
, female SVL 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFC0210FB5EFA56FAB2FA50" box="[1210,1388,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.48" metricValueMax="10.83" metricValueMin="8.129999999999999" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="94.8" valueMax="108.3" valueMin="81.3">81.3–108.3 mm</quantity>
(vs. male SVL 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFC0210FEF6FA75FE66FA0C" box="[274,440,1447,1472]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.385" metricValueMax="4.95" metricValueMin="3.82" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="43.85" valueMax="49.5" valueMin="38.2">38.2–49.5 mm</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FE21FA7BFE06FA0C" box="[453,472,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">N</emphasis>
=17, female SVL 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFC0210FD47FA75FC97FA0C" box="[675,841,1447,1472]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.83" metricValueMax="5.61" metricValueMin="4.05" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="48.3" valueMax="56.1" valueMin="40.5">40.5–56.1 mm</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FCB2FA7BFCB7FA0C" box="[854,873,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">N</emphasis>
=6; male SVL 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFC0210FBF5FA75FB69FA0C" box="[1041,1207,1447,1472]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.485" metricValueMax="3.72" metricValueMin="3.25" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="34.85" valueMax="37.2" valueMin="32.5">32.5–37.2 mm</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FB20FA7BFB09FA0C" box="[1220,1239,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">N</emphasis>
=3, respectively); differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFC0210FECCFA1FFE25FA29" authorityName="Fei &amp; Ye" authorityYear="1990" box="[296,507,1484,1509]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mangshanensis">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FECCFA1FFE25FA29" box="[296,507,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. mangshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by absence of distinct white upper lip stripe (vs. present). For comparisons with subsequent species covered in this study, refer to relevant morphological comparison sections for those species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFC0210FF23F9C6FF31F8C9" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FF23F9C6FE66F9E1" bold="true" box="[199,440,1556,1581]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Systematic position.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFC0210FE26F9C6FD7EF9E1" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[450,672,1556,1581]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FE26F9C6FD7EF9E1" box="[450,672,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Megophrys robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found to be the sister taxon to the MMC clade, and was the second most ancestrally derived lineage in the MMSG after 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFC0210FCB5F9EBFC37F99C" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[849,1001,1591,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FCB5F9EBFC37F99C" box="[849,1001,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. monticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFC0210FC1EF9E5FB3DF99C" author="Mahony, S. &amp; Foley, N. C. &amp; Biju, S. D. &amp; Teeling, E. C." box="[1018,1251,1591,1616]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="744 - 771" refId="ref55439" refString="Mahony, S., Foley, N. C., Biju, S. D. &amp; Teeling, E. C. (2017) Evolutionary history of the Asian Horned Frogs (Megophryinae): integrative approaches to timetree dating in the absence of a fossil record. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 34 (3), 744 - 771 + S. I. 33 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / molbev / msw 267" type="book chapter" year="2017">
Mahony 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FB87F9EBFB40F99C" box="[1123,1182,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFC0210FB15F9E5FA83F99C" box="[1265,1373,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1148,1170]" captionTargetBox="[241,1332,252,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1127]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. BI concatenated gene tree based on the 47 taxa concatenated mt+nuDNA alignment (Dataset C), with ML node values provided. Posterior probability/bootstrap values&gt;95% in both analyses are represented by a black spot on the node, values &lt;95% in one or both analyses are provided next to relevant nodes, where * is&gt;95%, and – is given for nodes that were not resolved on the ML tree. Taxon names in pink represent the eastern clade, blue represents the western clade (southern subclade), and green represents the western clade (northern subclade). Revised names for taxa based on the taxonomic review are provided in parentheses." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610206/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figures 2</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFC0210FA62F9EAFA48F99C" box="[1414,1430,1592,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1027,1049]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,309,999]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,301,1006]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Concatenated gene trees based on the 29 taxa concatenated nuDNA alignment (Dataset D): A. RAxML tree; B. MrBayes tree. Posterior probability/bootstrap values are provided next to associated nodes. Taxon names in pink represent the eastern clade, blue represents the western clade (southern subclade), and green represents the western clade (northern subclade). Refer to Appendix I, Table 2 for revised names for taxa based on the taxonomic review." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610208/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">3</figureCitation>
; Appendix II, 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFC0210FECAF98EFE44F9B8" box="[302,410,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1148,1170]" captionTargetBox="[241,1332,252,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1127]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. BI concatenated gene tree based on the 47 taxa concatenated mt+nuDNA alignment (Dataset C), with ML node values provided. Posterior probability/bootstrap values&gt;95% in both analyses are represented by a black spot on the node, values &lt;95% in one or both analyses are provided next to relevant nodes, where * is&gt;95%, and – is given for nodes that were not resolved on the ML tree. Taxon names in pink represent the eastern clade, blue represents the western clade (southern subclade), and green represents the western clade (northern subclade). Revised names for taxa based on the taxonomic review are provided in parentheses." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610206/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figures 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFC0210FE43F98EFE17F9B8" box="[423,457,1628,1652]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1027,1049]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,309,999]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,301,1006]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Concatenated gene trees based on the 29 taxa concatenated nuDNA alignment (Dataset D): A. RAxML tree; B. MrBayes tree. Posterior probability/bootstrap values are provided next to associated nodes. Taxon names in pink represent the eastern clade, blue represents the western clade (southern subclade), and green represents the western clade (northern subclade). Refer to Appendix I, Table 2 for revised names for taxa based on the taxonomic review." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610208/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">3A</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFC0210FE0BF98EFDCDF9B8" box="[495,531,1628,1652]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1115,1137]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,193,1084]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,193,1094]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. RAxML tree for the combined mt+nuDNA dataset expanded to include the Chen et al. (2017) sequences (Dataset J). Bootstrap support values are provided adjacent to the associated nodes. Refer to Appendix I, Table 2 for revised names for taxa based on the taxonomic review." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610210/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">4B</figureCitation>
). The inclusion of additional sequences from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFC0210FBFCF98EFB38F9B8" author="Chen, J. - M. &amp; Zhou, W. - W. &amp; Poyarkov Junior, N. A. &amp; Stuart, B. L. &amp; Brown, R. M. &amp; Lathrop, A. &amp; Wang, Y. - Y. &amp; Yuan, Z. - Y. &amp; Jiang, K. &amp; Hou, M. &amp; Chen, H. - M. &amp; Suwannapoom, C. &amp; Ngoc Nguyen, S. &amp; Van Duong, T. &amp; Papenfuss, T. J. &amp; Murphy, R. W. &amp; Zhang, Y. - P. &amp; Che, J." box="[1048,1254,1628,1653]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="28 - 43" refId="ref51754" refString="Chen, J. - M., Zhou, W. - W., Poyarkov Junior, N. A. Stuart, B. L., Brown, R. M., Lathrop, A., Wang, Y. - Y., Yuan, Z. - Y., Jiang, K., Hou, M., Chen, H. - M., Suwannapoom, C., Ngoc Nguyen, S., Van Duong, T., Papenfuss, T. J., Murphy, R. W., Zhang, Y. - P. &amp; Che, J. (2017) A novel multilocus phylogenetic estimation reveals unrecognized diversity in Asian horned toads, genus Megophrys sensu lato (Anura: Megophryidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 106, 28 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.09.004" type="journal article" year="2017">
Chen 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FBBFF98FFB4AF9B9" box="[1115,1172,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
in ML analyses demonstrates that 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFC0210FE89F953FE35F954" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[365,491,1663,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FE89F953FE35F954" box="[365,491,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the sister taxon to the morphologically similar 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFC0210FBA3F953FB2AF954" authorityName="Fei, Ye &amp; Huang" authorityYear="1983" box="[1095,1268,1663,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medogensis">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FBA3F953FB2AF954" box="[1095,1268,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. medogensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, the systematic position of this clade was not strongly supported (
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFC0210FC82F976FC13F970" box="[870,973,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1115,1137]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,193,1084]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,193,1094]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. RAxML tree for the combined mt+nuDNA dataset expanded to include the Chen et al. (2017) sequences (Dataset J). Bootstrap support values are provided adjacent to the associated nodes. Refer to Appendix I, Table 2 for revised names for taxa based on the taxonomic review." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610210/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 4</figureCitation>
; Appendix II, 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFC0210FB9FF976FB36F971" box="[1147,1256,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,1248,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,1248,1822]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. DensiTree cloudogram representations of *BEAST analyses, removing the first 10% of trees as burn-in, produced from the four nuDNA gene alignments of Dataset E: A. original unphased; B. phased. Dark blue branches represent the most frequently occurring topology, light blue branches represent the consensus trees with intensity proportional to the frequency of the topology in the dataset, and green areas represent all topologies in the dataset. Refer to Appendix I, Table 2 for revised names for taxa based on the taxonomic review." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610212/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figures 5</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFC0210FAF0F976FAFAF971" box="[1300,1316,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1977,1999]" captionTargetBox="[165,1425,193,1961]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[165,1425,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Megophrys monticola lectotype: adult female (BMNH 1947.2.25.13) in preservation: A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. profile view of head; D. ventral view of hand; E. ventral view of foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610214/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">6</figureCitation>
). Refer to Appendix I, Table 6 for uncorrected 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FDA6F91BFD8EF92C" box="[578,592,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">p</emphasis>
-distances for the 16S rRNA gene between 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFC0210FBAEF91BFB19F92C" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[1098,1223,1735,1760]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FBAEF91BFB19F92C" box="[1098,1223,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other MMSG species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3656517FFFC0210FF23F8DDFD2DF8BD" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFC0210FF23F8DDFE65F881" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FF23F8DDFE90F8E4" bold="true" box="[199,334,1807,1832]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFC0210FDA7F8DDFD49F8E4" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[579,663,1807,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FDA7F8DDFD49F8E4" box="[579,663,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” is Latin for “hard” or “strong”, presumably a reference to the heavy set habitus of this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFC0210FF23F885FD2DF8BD" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,755,1879,1905]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FF23F885FE20F8BC" bold="true" box="[199,510,1879,1904]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Suggested common name:</emphasis>
Robust Horned Frog.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3656517FFFC0211FF23F8AEFE80FB08" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFC0211FF23F8AEFBE0FE61" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="35.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FF23F8AEFEBEF859" bold="true" box="[199,352,1916,1941]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Distribution.</emphasis>
Specimens examined in this study demonstrate that 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFC0210FC0CF8AFFBB4F859" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[1000,1130,1916,1941]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFC0210FC0CF8AFFBB4F859" box="[1000,1130,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranges at least from the Darjeeling Hills, northern West Bengal state, east through 
<collectingCountry id="F368760CFFFC0210FCCBF872FC5EF875" box="[815,896,1952,1977]" name="Bhutan" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
to at least the West Kameng district of western 
<collectingRegion id="49BBF87EFFFC0210FF73F816FEB2F811" box="[151,364,1988,2013]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
state, in 
<collectingCountry id="F368760CFFFC0210FE34F816FDD4F811" box="[464,522,1988,2013]" name="India" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">India</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFC0210FDFDF816FD4EF810" box="[537,656,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1742,1764]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,1085,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[159,1427,1083,1721]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Distribution map of the western MMSG taxa: A. All taxa (excluding M. monticola) from Northeast India and surrounding countries: diamonds represent type localities, circles represent referred localities based on molecularly sampled specimens: orange = M. zhangi; yellow = M. robusta; black = M. medogensis; dark blue = M. major; pink = Megophrys flavipunctata sp. nov.; dark green = Megophrys oreocrypta sp. nov.; light blue = Megophrys himalayana sp. nov.; light green = Megophrys periosa sp. nov.; pale blue = M. cf. periosa; purple = M. glandulosa. B. Inset rectangle in Figure A enlarged to show the distribution map for M. monticola from Darjeeling and Sikkim region, Northeast India, showing distribution of named mitochondrial haplotypes: stars represent the type localities, circles represent referred localities confirmed from sequence data: red = M. “sanu” comb. nov., light blue = M. “katabhako” comb. nov. Blue lines represent major rivers; grey lines represent international borders." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610218/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 8A</figureCitation>
). Specimens examined in this study were collected at elevations from 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFD0211FF73FF4AFE98FF63" box="[151,326,151,176]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0825" metricValueMax="1.135" metricValueMin="1.03" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="1082.5" valueMax="1135.0" valueMin="1030.0">
<date id="FFC1105CFFFD0211FF73FF4AFEF7FF7C" box="[151,297,151,176]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="1030" valueMax="1135">1030 to 1135</date>
m
</quantity>
asl. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FE9DFF45FDCBFF7C" author="Daniel, J. C." box="[377,533,151,176]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="666 - 668" refId="ref51986" refString="Daniel, J. C. (1962) Notes on some amphibians of the Darjeeling area, West Bengal. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 59 (2), 666 - 668." type="journal article" year="1962">Daniel (1962)</bibRefCitation>
reported two specimens (as 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FCB7FF4BFC65FF7C" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling" authorityYear="2018" box="[851,955,153,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FCB7FF4BFC65FF7C" box="[851,955,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) collected from Darjeeling itself (~ 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFD0211FAA1FF4AFA42FF63" box="[1349,1436,152,176]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
asl.) and from nearby Darjeeling (~ 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFD0211FDCDFF6EFD5CFF18" box="[553,642,188,213]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.675" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="1675.0">1675 m</quantity>
asl.), Darjeeling Sadar division, Darjeeling district, 
<collectingRegion id="49BBF87EFFFD0211FB33FF6FFAB4FF19" box="[1239,1386,188,213]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FA92FF6EFEAFFF34" author="Rai, K. R. &amp; Anders, C." pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="167 - 171" refId="ref56919" refString="Rai, K. R. &amp; Anders, C. (2002) Megophrys robusta (Boulenger, 1908). In: Schleich, H. H. &amp; Kastle, W. (Eds.), Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G., Ruggel, pp. 167 - 171." type="book chapter" year="2002">Rai and Anders (2002)</bibRefCitation>
provided a number of localities in Ilam, Pachthar and Taplejung provinces in eastern-most 
<collectingCountry id="F368760CFFFD0211FF73FED6FF04FED1" box="[151,218,260,285]" name="Nepal" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Nepal</collectingCountry>
(bordering Darjeeling and 
<collectingRegion id="49BBF87EFFFD0211FDFFFED6FDB0FED1" box="[539,622,260,285]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
) from 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFD0211FD26FED6FCA1FED0" box="[706,895,260,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="2000.0" valueMax="2400.0" valueMin="1600.0">
<date id="FFC1105CFFFD0211FD26FED6FC80FED0" box="[706,862,260,285]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="1600" valueMax="2400">1600 to 2400</date>
m
</quantity>
asl., indicating that the Arun River forms the western boundary for the species. They provided a description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FC92FEFBFC2FFE8C" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[886,1009,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FC92FEFBFC2FFE8C" box="[886,1009,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and figures, which corresponded well with the species as defined here. This species is also found in neighbouring 
<collectingRegion id="49BBF87EFFFD0211FC00FE9EFBEBFEA9" box="[996,1077,332,357]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
state, in Northeast 
<collectingCountry id="F368760CFFFD0211FAE9FE9EFA98FEA9" box="[1293,1350,332,357]" name="India" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FAB1FE9EFECEFE44" author="Subba, B. &amp; Aravind, N. A. &amp; Ravikanth, G." pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref58459" refString="Subba, B., Aravind, N. A. &amp; Ravikanth, G. (2016) Amphibians of the Sikkim Himalaya, India: an annotated checklist. Check List, 13 (1), 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2016">
Subba 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FF73FEA3FF11FE44" box="[151,207,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FEFFFEBDFE07FE44" author="Deuti, K. &amp; Grosjean, S. &amp; Nicolas, V. &amp; Vasudevan, K. &amp; Ohler, A." box="[283,473,367,392]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="20 - 48" refId="ref52320" refString="Deuti, K., Grosjean, S., Nicolas, V., Vasudevan, K. &amp; Ohler, A. (2017) Nomenclatural puzzle in early Xenophrys nomina (Megophryidae, Amphibia) solved with description of two new species from India (Darjeeling hills and Sikkim). Alytes, 34, 20 - 48." type="journal article" year="2017">
Deuti 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FEBBFEA3FE49FE44" box="[351,407,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
), and may extend north along river valleys into bordering southern 
<collectingRegion id="49BBF87EFFFD0211FB22FEBDFADDFE44" box="[1222,1283,367,392]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Tibet</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F368760CFFFD0211FAEAFEBDFA8BFE44" box="[1294,1365,367,392]" name="China" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">China</collectingCountry>
. Refer to the Remarks section for discussions on additional localities published elsewhere.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFD0211FF23FE65FE80FB08" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FF23FE65FDC1FE1C" bold="true" box="[199,543,439,464]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Habitat and natural history.</emphasis>
All but one of the specimens collected during this study were collected after dusk from the banks of moderate sized (
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFD0211FDB9FE0EFD6AFE38" box="[605,692,476,500]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 m</quantity>
wide), typically shallow rocky hill streams surrounded by at least patches of mature forest, and dense vegetation (
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFD0211FD5FFE2DFCEBFDD4" box="[699,821,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[329,1255,196,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[329,1255,195,1769]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 9. Habitat images for collection localities of MMSG species in Northeast India. A. Sessa River, near Sessa village (1110 m asl.), West Kameng dist., Arunachal Pradesh, collection locality of Megophrys robusta and Megophrys periosa sp. nov.; B. and D. Mawphlang Sacred Grove (~1810 m asl.), near Mawphlang village, East Khasi Hills dist., Meghalaya, type locality of Megophrys flavipunctata sp. nov.; C. Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary (2220 m asl.), Rambi (East Range), Darjeeling Sadar subdiv., Darjeeling dist., West Bengal, collection locality of M. monticola; E. Sessa River near Elephant village (370 m asl.), West Kameng dist., Arunachal Pradesh, off which smaller side streams were the type locality of Megophrys himalayana sp. nov.; F. stream near Pangin town (450 m asl.), East Siang dist., Arunachal Pradesh, type locality of Megophrys periosa sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610220/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 9A</figureCitation>
). In Darjeeling district during late May to early June, calls provisionally attributed to this species (a loud typical 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FCD3FDF6FB96FDF0" authority="" box="[823,1096,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Xenophrys">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FCD3FDF6FC6BFDF1" box="[823,949,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Megophrys</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FC23FDF6FBE1FDF1" box="[967,1087,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Xenophrys</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
call) were occasionally heard from streams during both day and night surveys. These calls consisted of a short burst of notes followed by a long silence. At Sessa, similar calls were heard during night surveys in early August, and were used on two occasions to locate individuals. However, in both instances the suspected calling males were found within 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFD0211FB2CFD42FACFFD6B" box="[1224,1297,656,680]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 m</quantity>
of a similar sized, and considerably more abundant sympatric MMC species (described below) on the banks of the Sessa River, so calls could not be confirmed to be from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FD7DFD0BFCC9FD3C" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[665,791,727,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FD7DFD0BFCC9FD3C" box="[665,791,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. At both localities, adult male individuals were always widely dispersed along stream banks and were typically found perched on top of large rocks in the open. A female (SDBDU 2011.1063, SVL 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFD0211FE2DFCF2FDECFCF4" box="[457,562,800,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.129999999999999" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="81.3">81.3 mm</quantity>
: 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFD0211FDD9FCCDFD2DFCF4" box="[573,755,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Megophrys robusta: A–F. referred specimens from West Bengal state and Arunachal Pradesh state: A. adult male topotype (SDBDU 2011.1062: SVL 79.8 mm) in life; B. adult male (SDBDU 2009.1284: SVL 73.5 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; C. adult female topotype (SDBDU 2009.1063: SVL 81.3 mm) in life; D. juvenile (SDBDU 2009.1245: SVL 29.2 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; E. ventral view of topotype males, adult left (SDBDU 2011.416: SVL 83.1 mm), subadult right (SDBDU 2011.415: SVL 69.1 mm) in preservation; F. ventral view of a an adult pair of topotype specimens taken immediately after euthanisation, left male (SDBDU 2011.1064: SVL 79.3 mm) and right female (SDBDU 2011.1063: SVL 81.3 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610226/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 12C &amp; F</figureCitation>
) was collected from a roadside embankment amongst dense vegetation ~ 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFD0211FEC4FC96FE84FC90" box="[288,346,836,861]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
from the nearest stream. Its ovaries contained small, pigmentless ova. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FB89FC96FAD6FC91" author="Daniel, J. C." box="[1133,1288,836,861]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="666 - 668" refId="ref51986" refString="Daniel, J. C. (1962) Notes on some amphibians of the Darjeeling area, West Bengal. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 59 (2), 666 - 668." type="journal article" year="1962">Daniel (1962)</bibRefCitation>
reported that a large female (SVL 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFD0211FE69FCBAFE33FC4C" box="[397,493,872,896]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="101.0">101 mm</quantity>
) collected in June contained enlarged ova (diameter 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFD0211FBB7FCBAFB45FC4C" box="[1107,1179,872,896]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
), however, he stated a female specimen (SVL 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFD0211FE40FC5EFE2BFC68" box="[420,501,908,932]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
) “collected in September had the ovaries dormant”. Though the latter female may have been sexually immature, the available evidence suggests that the breeding season for this species extends at least from mid-May until August. A male specimen (SDBDU 2011.415, SVL 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFD0211FBF7FC06FBA2FC20" box="[1043,1148,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.909999999999999" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="69.1">69.1 mm</quantity>
: 
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFD0211FB6DFC06FAD7FC20" box="[1161,1289,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Megophrys robusta: A–F. referred specimens from West Bengal state and Arunachal Pradesh state: A. adult male topotype (SDBDU 2011.1062: SVL 79.8 mm) in life; B. adult male (SDBDU 2009.1284: SVL 73.5 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; C. adult female topotype (SDBDU 2009.1063: SVL 81.3 mm) in life; D. juvenile (SDBDU 2009.1245: SVL 29.2 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; E. ventral view of topotype males, adult left (SDBDU 2011.416: SVL 83.1 mm), subadult right (SDBDU 2011.415: SVL 69.1 mm) in preservation; F. ventral view of a an adult pair of topotype specimens taken immediately after euthanisation, left male (SDBDU 2011.1064: SVL 79.3 mm) and right female (SDBDU 2011.1063: SVL 81.3 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610226/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 12E</figureCitation>
) collected in late May had distinctly enlarged testes, but had not yet developed nuptial pads and the internal vocal slits were small indicating that this was not yet sexually mature. SDBDU 2009.1284 (SVL 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFD0211FBD0FBCEFB47FBF8" box="[1076,1177,1052,1077]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.35" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="73.5">73.5 mm</quantity>
[
<figureCitation id="13442A19FFFD0211FB4CFBCEFAF0FBF8" box="[1192,1326,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[185,1401,193,1475]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Megophrys robusta: A–F. referred specimens from West Bengal state and Arunachal Pradesh state: A. adult male topotype (SDBDU 2011.1062: SVL 79.8 mm) in life; B. adult male (SDBDU 2009.1284: SVL 73.5 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; C. adult female topotype (SDBDU 2009.1063: SVL 81.3 mm) in life; D. juvenile (SDBDU 2009.1245: SVL 29.2 mm) from Arunachal Pradesh state, in life; E. ventral view of topotype males, adult left (SDBDU 2011.416: SVL 83.1 mm), subadult right (SDBDU 2011.415: SVL 69.1 mm) in preservation; F. ventral view of a an adult pair of topotype specimens taken immediately after euthanisation, left male (SDBDU 2011.1064: SVL 79.3 mm) and right female (SDBDU 2011.1063: SVL 81.3 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610226/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 12B</figureCitation>
]) was the smallest sexually mature male. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FDE5FBEDFCD7FB94" author="Rai, K. R. &amp; Anders, C." box="[513,777,1087,1112]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="167 - 171" refId="ref56919" refString="Rai, K. R. &amp; Anders, C. (2002) Megophrys robusta (Boulenger, 1908). In: Schleich, H. H. &amp; Kastle, W. (Eds.), Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G., Ruggel, pp. 167 - 171." type="book chapter" year="2002">Rai and Anders (2002)</bibRefCitation>
provided a number of additional observations that are of interest, however, their description of the call (as “a sharp whistling call, sounding like “ 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FB4BFBB6FAC7FBB1" box="[1199,1305,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">khui-khui</emphasis>
”) does not correspond with the authors’ experience, where calls were distinctly of a lower frequency sound more similar to the “caws” of a crow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3656517FFFD0211FF23FB1DFC2DF8C9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFD0211FF23FB1DFC2DF8C9" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FF23FB1DFEE5FB24" bold="true" box="[199,315,1231,1256]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FEA0FB1DFDD2FB24" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[324,524,1231,1256]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="407 - 430" refId="ref51343" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1908) A revision of the oriental pelobatid batrachians (genus Megalophrys). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1908, 407 - 430, pls. XXII-XXV, fig. 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1908. tb 01852. x" type="journal article" year="1908">Boulenger (1908)</bibRefCitation>
described this species based on a 
<typeStatus id="54C4883EFFFD0211FC73FB02FC30FB24" box="[919,1006,1232,1256]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
series of five specimens collected by Dr. J. Gammie from Darjeeling (four in the Indian Museum [now ZSIC], one in the BMNH [now NHMUK]–the figured specimen). He provided measurements of two ZSIC specimens, a female (SVL 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFD0211FB7DFACAFB23FAFC" box="[1177,1277,1304,1328]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="114.0">114 mm</quantity>
), and a ‘halfgrown’ individual (SVL 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFD0211FE48FAEEFE21FA98" box="[428,511,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="54.0">54 mm</quantity>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FDF5FAEFFD7FFA98" author="Dutta, S. K." box="[529,673,1340,1364]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref52669" refString="Dutta, S. K. (1997) Amphibians of India and Sri Lanka (Checklist and Bibliography). Odyssey Publishing House, Bubaneswar, XIII + 342 + XXII pp." type="book" year="1997">Dutta (1997)</bibRefCitation>
erroneously claimed (and followed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FBBCFAEEFABDFA98" author="Bordoloi, S. &amp; Borah, M. M." box="[1112,1379,1340,1365]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="191 - 193" refId="ref50702" refString="Bordoloi, S. &amp; Borah, M. M. (2001) First record of a frog Megophrys robusta (Boulenger 1908) from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Cotton College Research Journal, 1, 191 - 193." type="journal article" year="2001">Bordoloi &amp; Borah 2001</bibRefCitation>
) that 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FF73FAB3FECCFAB4" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,274,1375,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FF73FAB3FECCFAB4" box="[151,274,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a replacement name for 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FDBAFAB3FC8AFAB4" authority="Jerdon, 1870" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1870" box="[606,852,1375,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Xenophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FDBAFAB3FD65FAB4" box="[606,699,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">X. gigas</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FD27FA8DFC8AFAB4" author="Jerdon, T. C." box="[707,852,1375,1400]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="66 - 85" refId="ref54604" refString="Jerdon, T. C. (1870) Notes on Indian herpetology. part 2. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, March 1870, 66 - 85." type="journal article" year="1870">Jerdon, 1870</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(now 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FC79FAB3FBD9FAB4" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling" authorityYear="2018" box="[925,1031,1377,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FC79FAB3FBD9FAB4" box="[925,1031,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FBFBFAB3FB71FAB4" author="Dutta, S. K." box="[1055,1199,1376,1400]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref52669" refString="Dutta, S. K. (1997) Amphibians of India and Sri Lanka (Checklist and Bibliography). Odyssey Publishing House, Bubaneswar, XIII + 342 + XXII pp." type="book" year="1997">Dutta (1997)</bibRefCitation>
also only mentioned ZSIC as the location of type specimens. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FD90FA56FCB9FA50" author="Chanda, S. K. &amp; Das, I &amp; Dubois, A." box="[628,871,1412,1437]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="100 - 128" refId="ref51613" refString="Chanda, S. K., Das, I &amp; Dubois, A. (2000 &quot; 1999 &quot;) Catalogue of amphibian types in the collection of Zoological Survey of India. Hamadryad, 25 (2), 100 - 128." type="journal article" year="2000">
Chanda 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FD30FA57FCD1FA51" box="[724,783,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
, apparently also following 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FB41FA57FAE5FA50" author="Dutta, S. K." box="[1189,1339,1412,1436]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref52669" refString="Dutta, S. K. (1997) Amphibians of India and Sri Lanka (Checklist and Bibliography). Odyssey Publishing House, Bubaneswar, XIII + 342 + XXII pp." type="book" year="1997">Dutta (1997)</bibRefCitation>
, did not mention 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FF1FFA7BFEA8FA0C" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[251,374,1447,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FF1FFA7BFEA8FA0C" box="[251,374,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the list of type specimens in ZSIC, but instead assigned four specimens (ZSIC 9670, ZSIC 9681, ZSIC 10777, ZSIC 10779) as 
<typeStatus id="54C4883EFFFD0211FDC8FA1FFD50FA29" box="[556,654,1485,1509]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FD56FA1EFCB0FA28" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1870" box="[690,878,1484,1509]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Xenophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FD56FA1EFCB0FA28" box="[690,878,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Xenophrys gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. ZSIC 9681 and ZSIC 10777 clearly represent 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FA99FA1FFF2DF9C4" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FA99FA1FFF31F9C4" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">M. robusta</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
ZSIC 9670 and ZSIC 10779 were not examined in this study. The ZSIC also recognised (according to a jar label) two additional specimens, ZSIC 9650 (an adult female 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FCBEF9C7FC2FF9E1" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[858,1009,1556,1581]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FCBEF9C7FC2FF9E1" box="[858,1009,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M. monticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, SVL 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFD0211FBDBF9C6FB78F9E0" box="[1087,1190,1556,1581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.11" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="51.1">51.1 mm</quantity>
) and ZSIC 9668 (not examined in detail but represents either an adult 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FD25F9EBFC87F99C" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[705,857,1591,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FD25F9EBFC87F99C" box="[705,857,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M. monticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or juvenile 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FC06F9EBFB83F99C" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[994,1117,1591,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FC06F9EBFB83F99C" box="[994,1117,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) as ‘types’ of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FAE0F9EBFABFF99C" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1870" box="[1284,1377,1593,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Xenophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FAE0F9EBFABFF99C" box="[1284,1377,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">X. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Our study demonstrates that none of these ZSIC specimens are the types of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FC2CF98FFBFBF9B8" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1870" box="[968,1061,1629,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Xenophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FC2CF98FFBFBF9B8" box="[968,1061,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">X. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FB80F98FFB19F9B8" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling" authorityYear="2018" box="[1124,1223,1629,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FB80F98FFB19F9B8" box="[1124,1223,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">X. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Remarks section). Thus it remains unclear which four of these six specimens represent the Indian Museum (ZSIC) 
<typeStatus id="54C4883EFFFD0211FADEF953FA42F955" box="[1338,1436,1665,1689]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
mentioned by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FEDDF976FDDEF970" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[313,512,1700,1725]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="407 - 430" refId="ref51343" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1908) A revision of the oriental pelobatid batrachians (genus Megalophrys). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1908, 407 - 430, pls. XXII-XXV, fig. 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1908. tb 01852. x" type="journal article" year="1908">Boulenger (1908)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FDD5F977FD75F971" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[561,683,1700,1725]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FDD5F977FD75F971" box="[561,683,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For this reason, only BMNH 1908.4.8.8 can currently be verified as a 
<typeStatus id="54C4883EFFFD0211FF30F91BFEF5F92D" box="[212,299,1737,1761]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FEB8F91BFE02F92C" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[348,476,1735,1760]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FEB8F91BFE02F92C" box="[348,476,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is therefore designated above as the 
<typeStatus id="54C4883EFFFD0211FC31F915FBE2F92C" box="[981,1084,1735,1760]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of this taxon, thus providing nomenclatural stability by restricting the name to a verified original 
<typeStatus id="54C4883EFFFD0211FC70F93FFC31F8C9" box="[916,1007,1773,1797]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3656517FFFD0216FF23F8DDFA50FDD4" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFD0216FF23F8DDFE60FED0" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFD0211FF23F8DDFE7BF8E4" ID-CoL="3Z2CG" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[199,421,1807,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FF23F8DDFE7BF8E4" box="[199,421,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Megophrys robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported from several localities further east in 
<collectingRegion id="49BBF87EFFFD0211FBA0F8DDFAC3F8E4" box="[1092,1309,1807,1832]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
state, e.g., Lower Subansiri district (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FE2DF8E6FD18F880" author="Bordoloi, S. &amp; Borah, M. M. &amp; Sharma, K. K. &amp; Kalita, S. N." box="[457,710,1844,1869]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="363 - 371" refId="ref50744" refString="Bordoloi, S., Borah, M. M., Sharma, K. K. &amp; Kalita, S. N. (2000) An overview of amphibian fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Journal of the Assam Science Society, 41 (4), 363 - 371." type="journal article" year="2000">
Bordoloi 
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFD0211FDD8F8E7FDA2F881" box="[572,636,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FD3CF8E6FC27F880" author="Bordoloi, S. &amp; Borah, M. M." box="[728,1017,1844,1869]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="191 - 193" refId="ref50702" refString="Bordoloi, S. &amp; Borah, M. M. (2001) First record of a frog Megophrys robusta (Boulenger 1908) from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Cotton College Research Journal, 1, 191 - 193." type="journal article" year="2001">Bordoloi &amp; Borah 2001</bibRefCitation>
) and the Upper Siang district and Changlang districts (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FE64F88AFDA3F8BC" author="Pawar, S. &amp; Birand, A." box="[384,637,1879,1904]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref56360" refString="Pawar, S. &amp; Birand, A. (2001) A Survey of Amphibians, Reptiles, and Birds of Northeast India. CERC Technical Report # 6. Center for Ecological Research and Conservation, Mysore, 75 pp." type="book" year="2001">Pawar &amp; Birand 2001</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FD75F88BFC70F8BC" author="Pawar, S. &amp; Birand, A." box="[657,942,1879,1904]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref56360" refString="Pawar, S. &amp; Birand, A. (2001) A Survey of Amphibians, Reptiles, and Birds of Northeast India. CERC Technical Report # 6. Center for Ecological Research and Conservation, Mysore, 75 pp." type="book" year="2001">Pawar and Birand (2001)</bibRefCitation>
did not provide a description of the species they observed and did not appear to have collected voucher specimens, so these localities should be considered anecdotal pending collection of verifiable specimens from the Upper Siang and Changlang districts. Several of the morphological characters described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFD0211FDB2F816FC55F810" author="Bordoloi, S. &amp; Borah, M. M." box="[598,907,1988,2013]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="191 - 193" refId="ref50702" refString="Bordoloi, S. &amp; Borah, M. M. (2001) First record of a frog Megophrys robusta (Boulenger 1908) from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Cotton College Research Journal, 1, 191 - 193." type="journal article" year="2001">Bordoloi and Borah (2001)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that they may have misidentified an MMC species, e.g., “belly with faint darker spots”. They however did not provide further defining and useful taxonomic characters to help identify which species they collected. Therefore, the identities of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFA0216FAE0FF6EFE9AFF34" author="Bordoloi, S. &amp; Borah, M. M." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="191 - 193" refId="ref50702" refString="Bordoloi, S. &amp; Borah, M. M. (2001) First record of a frog Megophrys robusta (Boulenger 1908) from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Cotton College Research Journal, 1, 191 - 193." type="journal article" year="2001">Bordoloi and Borah’s (2001)</bibRefCitation>
specimens require verification before Lower Subansiri district can be included in the verified distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFA0216FED9FED7FE69FED1" ID-CoL="3Z2CG" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[317,439,260,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFA0216FED9FED7FE69FED1" box="[317,439,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFA0216FF23FEFAFA50FDD4" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFA0216FF23FEFAFE89FE8C" author="Dutta, S. K." box="[199,343,296,320]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref52669" refString="Dutta, S. K. (1997) Amphibians of India and Sri Lanka (Checklist and Bibliography). Odyssey Publishing House, Bubaneswar, XIII + 342 + XXII pp." type="book" year="1997">Dutta (1997)</bibRefCitation>
reported 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFA0216FE26FEFBFDE2FE8C" ID-CoL="3Z2CG" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[450,572,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFA0216FE26FEFBFDE2FE8C" box="[450,572,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Garo Hills in 
<collectingRegion id="49BBF87EFFFA0216FCA7FEF5FC1EFE8C" box="[835,960,295,320]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
state, presumably misidentifying the large unnamed MMC species (formally described below), so this locality also requires verification based on the reexamination of voucher specimens. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFA0216FDCAFEA2FC87FE44" author="Sangma, M. A. &amp; Saikia, P. K." box="[558,857,367,392]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="2404 - 2424" refId="ref57292" refString="Sangma, M. A. &amp; Saikia, P. K. (2015) Checklist of amphibians inventoried from Tura Peak of West Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India. Journal of Global Biosciences, 4 (5), 2404 - 2424." type="journal article" year="2015">Sangma and Saikia (2015)</bibRefCitation>
provided an account and figure of a specimen they referred to as 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFA0216FEDAFE47FE62FE61" ID-CoL="3Z2CG" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[318,444,404,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFA0216FEDAFE47FE62FE61" box="[318,444,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Tura Peak, West Garo Hills district in 
<collectingRegion id="49BBF87EFFFA0216FC35FE46FB90FE61" box="[977,1102,404,429]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
state. This specimen clearly possesses a whitish upper lip stripe (absent on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFA0216FD43FE6BFCFCFE1C" ID-CoL="3Z2CG" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[679,802,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFA0216FD43FE6BFCFCFE1C" box="[679,802,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), demonstrating that it is one of the three MMC species present in 
<collectingRegion id="49BBF87EFFFA0216FEE8FE0EFE52FE39" box="[268,396,476,501]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
. An early report of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFA0216FD8CFE0FFD3DFE39" ID-CoL="3Z2CG" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[616,739,476,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFA0216FD8CFE0FFD3DFE39" box="[616,739,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the East Khasi Hills district, 
<collectingRegion id="49BBF87EFFFA0216FB8FFE0EFB36FE39" box="[1131,1256,476,501]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFA0216FAF6FE0FFA42FE38" author="Hora, S. L." box="[1298,1436,476,500]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="579 - 599" refId="ref54203" refString="Hora, S. L. (1923) Observations on the fauna of certain torrential streams in the Khasi Hills. Records of the Indian Museum, 25, 579 - 599." type="journal article" year="1923">Hora (1923)</bibRefCitation>
was based solely on nondescript tadpoles, and thus this locality should not be included in the species distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3656517FFFA0216FF23FDF6FCFAFCD8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC0369CFFFA0216FF23FDF6FCFAFCD8" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFA0216FF23FDF6FEB6FDF0" author="Khan, M. M. H." box="[199,360,548,573]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref54747" refString="Khan, M. M. H. (2008) Protected Areas of Bangladesh; A Guide to Wildlife. Nishorgo Programme, Dhaka, 305 pp." type="book" year="2008">Khan’s (2008)</bibRefCitation>
inclusion of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFA0216FE18FDF7FDA9FDF1" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[508,631,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFA0216FE18FDF7FDA9FDF1" box="[508,631,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on a checklist for 
<collectingCountry id="F368760CFFFA0216FCACFDF6FC15FDF1" box="[840,971,548,573]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
(from “NE and N of hills”) herpetofauna is likely erroneous based on geographical distance from verified populations. Furthermore, within the political borders of 
<collectingCountry id="F368760CFFFA0216FEF5FDBEFE4AFD49" box="[273,404,620,645]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
the maximum elevation barely exceeds 
<quantity id="4C879B79FFFA0216FCBDFDBEFC70FD48" box="[857,942,620,644]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
asl., less than the lowest recorded elevation verified for this species. For the distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D1FFFFA0216FD50FD43FB8CFD64" authority=", Sen and Mathew (2008)" authorityName=", Sen and Mathew" authorityYear="2008" box="[692,1106,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B90BEA8EFFFA0216FD50FD43FCF1FD64" box="[692,815,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. robusta</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B6DFFFA0216FCDBFD42FB8CFD64" author="Sen, N. &amp; Mathew, R." box="[831,1106,655,680]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref57734" refString="Sen, N. &amp; Mathew, R. (2008) Bibliographical notes on the amphibians of Northeast India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India Occasional Papers, 291, 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="2008">Sen and Mathew (2008)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
listed, aside from Arunachal Pradesh state, the Northeast Indian states of Assam, Meghalaya and Nagaland, and the countries of 
<collectingCountry id="F368760CFFFA0216FAF7FD66FA47FD01" box="[1299,1433,692,717]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F368760CFFFA0216FF73FD05FF04FD3C" box="[151,218,727,752]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">China</collectingCountry>
(and specifically 
<collectingCountry id="F368760CFFFA0216FE54FD0BFDE2FD3C" box="[432,572,728,753]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F368760CFFFA0216FDB1FD0BFD1CFD3D" box="[597,706,729,753]" name="Myanmar" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F368760CFFFA0216FCE6FD05FCBFFD3C" box="[770,865,727,752]" name="Vietnam" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
without accompanying justification, hence these uncorroborated localities are at best considered erroneous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>