322 lines
35 KiB
XML
322 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="501C75A511F742E4F65C5841DBBFE29F" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0082(2003)393<0001:OEAOOS>2.0.CO;2" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5373008" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630272983483" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="ROZEN, JEROME G. & ÖZBEK, HIKMET" docDate="2003" docId="03D0878FFFDBFF82FCBCF910E91F0A3E" docLanguage="en" docName="N3393.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3393" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282003%29393%3C0001%3AOEAOOS%3E2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.3:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pasites maculatus Jurine" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFE9FFF7FFC8FF97FF8CFB38EA490806" masterDocTitle="Oocytes, Eggs, and Ovarioles of Some Long-Tongued Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1699208101281" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="45EF8126F1290039E0FD7CA0B268D50D">
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<mods:title id="A630C16147E4FC87E5F826E5BBC799D5">Oocytes, Eggs, and Ovarioles of Some Long-Tongued Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6F8428F99DB39A6EB913753982AB3237">ROZEN, JEROME G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="71C47DD9951A661C051A03EFC396664B">ÖZBEK, HIKMET</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="AEB6C57ED7CED41B99FB3C36BD1637B0">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AE3A23F171EBB3CA9ADE9A12309804F1">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6CFE546592D013E289B3E3B6F6B99BBE">2003-02-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0C5CBC29F2907F1DEBF4BEA47E1E8A11">3393</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B675704525A9AC775B50DFDC5E627BF6" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0082(2003)393<0001:OEAOOS>2.0.CO;2</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C3636512FFDBFF84FCBCF910EEEA0AAD" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC63699FFDBFF84FCBCF910EE1F0A39" blockId="19.[816,1110,552,575]" box="[816,1110,552,575]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D08E81F5FFDBFF84FCBCF910EE1F0A39" box="[816,1110,552,575]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDBFF84FCBCF910EE1F0A39" ID-CoL="4DVSF" authority="Jurine" box="[816,1110,552,575]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Pasites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDBFF84FCBCF910EE4C0A39" box="[816,1029,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pasites maculatus</emphasis>
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Jurine
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC63699FFDBFF84FD54F962EEEA0AAD" blockId="19.[699,1228,602,1741]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B68FFDBFF84FD54F962E9C50A77" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr." box="[728,908,602,625]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref18619" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr. 1986 b. The natural history of the Old World nomadine parasitic bee Pasites maculatus (Anthophoridae: Nomadinae) and its host Pseudapis diversipes (Halictidae: Nomiinae). American Museum Novitates 2861: 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1986">Rozen (1986b)</bibRefCitation>
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described the oviposition habits and egg of this species based on observations and collections from
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<collectingCountry id="F36E7609FFDBFF84FBB5F9ACEED60AAD" box="[1081,1183,660,683]" name="Pakistan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3636512FFDBFF84FD54F98AE9C10E3F" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC63699FFDBFF84FD54F98AE9C10E3F" blockId="19.[699,1228,602,1741]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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MATURE OOCYTE (figs. 44–47): Length
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<quantity id="4C819B7CFFDBFF84FD37F9F7E92C0AE0" box="[699,869,719,742]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="1.275" valueMax="1.35" valueMin="1.2">1.20–1.35 mm</quantity>
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(N = 11); maximum diameter immediately behind operculum
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<quantity id="4C819B7CFFDBFF84FBA7F9D4EEDC0B05" box="[1067,1173,748,771]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
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; egg index 0.47 (dwarf). Operculum oval, longer than broad (fig. 45); flange surrounding entire operculum, turned down over oocyte, not in same plane as operculum (fig. 44); opercular surface usually with 3 or 4 rounded tubercles (fig. 45), but these tubercles varying in size from one oocyte to another and sometimes not visible; oocyte approximately symmetrical around its gently downcurving long axis (outcurved surface dorsal), tapering to narrowly round posterior end, its dorsal surface with numerous transverse folds (fig. 44); micropyle a simple median pore with duct through chorion at anterior end of operculum (figs. 45, 47). Chorion clear, smooth except for opercular tubercles, untinted (operculum tinted, presumably by dye from the label ink, as a result of preservation) seen through stereomicroscope; that of operculum thicker than elsewhere; by SEM examination, chorion of operculum without polygonal pattern (but see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B68FFDBFF84FD37FE4AE92F0D8F" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr." box="[699,870,1394,1417]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref18619" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr. 1986 b. The natural history of the Old World nomadine parasitic bee Pasites maculatus (Anthophoridae: Nomadinae) and its host Pseudapis diversipes (Halictidae: Nomiinae). American Museum Novitates 2861: 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1986">Rozen [1986b</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 5] for the opercular surface of egg of same species from
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<collectingCountry id="F36E7609FFDBFF84FBD6FEB7EE890DA0" box="[1114,1216,1423,1446]" name="Pakistan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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); chorion of rest of oocyte under SEM examination smooth where covering transverse folds, but extensive area anterior to folds and ventrally finely pitted, fibrous, lacelike, as seen in figure 46.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3636512FFDBFF84FD54FD78E9700EB6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC63699FFDBFF84FD54FD78E9700EB6" blockId="19.[699,1228,602,1741]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<materialsCitation id="3B113CC4FFDBFF84FD54FD78E97B0EB6" collectingDate="2001-07-10" collectorName="J. G. Rozen" country="Turkey" location="Ataturk University Campus" municipality="One" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Erzurum">
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MATERIAL STUDIED:
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BA2ACE3FFDBFF84FC43FD78E9B60E51" box="[975,1023,1600,1623]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">One</collectingMunicipality>
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female,
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<collectingCountry id="F36E7609FFDBFF84FBFDFD78EE810E51" box="[1137,1224,1600,1623]" name="Turkey" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49BDF87BFFDBFF84FD37FD66E96D0E73" box="[699,804,1630,1653]" country="Turkey" name="Erzurum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Erzurum</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="8EA66042FFDBFF84FCBAFD66EECE0E73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D0878FFFDBFF82FCBCF910E91F0A3E:8EA66042FFDBFF84FCBAFD66EECE0E73" box="[822,1159,1630,1653]" country="Turkey" municipality="One" name="Ataturk University Campus" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Erzurum">Atatürk University Campus</location>
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,
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<date id="FFC71059FFDBFF84FB15FD66E96B0E94" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2001-07-10">
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<collectingDate id="EF83E9B1FFDBFF84FB15FD66E96B0E94" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2001-07-10">VII 10–2001</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(
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<collectorName id="268C534FFFDBFF84FCB0FD43E98F0E94" box="[828,966,1659,1682]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">J.G. Rozen</collectorName>
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) at nest entrance of
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDBFF84FD37FDA1E97B0EB6" authorityName="W. F. Kirby" authorityYear="1900" box="[699,818,1689,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Pseudapis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDBFF84FD37FDA1E97B0EB6" box="[699,818,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pseudapis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3636512FFDBFF82FD54FD8EEB84098E" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC63699FFDBFF83FD54FD8EE8C10D8E" blockId="19.[699,1228,602,1741]" lastBlockId="20.[124,654,1246,1742]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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REMARKS: Oocytes whose chorion, especial ly the flange (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B68FFDCFF83FEB5FFE6EBAF0CF3" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr." box="[313,486,1246,1269]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref18619" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr. 1986 b. The natural history of the Old World nomadine parasitic bee Pasites maculatus (Anthophoridae: Nomadinae) and its host Pseudapis diversipes (Halictidae: Nomiinae). American Museum Novitates 2861: 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1986">Rozen, 1986b</bibRefCitation>
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), was visible through the follicular tissue were considered mature. The variation in size of the opercular tubercles did not appear to be a function of the maturity of the oocytes since a mature oocyte without tubercles was the lowest in its ovary.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF066611FFDCFF83FF1AFF35E94D0C74" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5373032" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5373032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5373032/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[150,198,1037,1058]" targetBox="[124,1228,187,1016]" targetPageId="20">
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<paragraph id="8BC63699FFDCFF83FF1AFF35E94D0C74" blockId="20.[124,1229,1037,1138]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Figs. 44–47. SEM micrographs of mature oocyte of
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDCFF83FD50FF36E9D30C25" box="[732,922,1038,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Pasites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDCFF83FD50FF36E9D30C25" box="[732,922,1038,1059]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pasites maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, anterior end facing left.
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDCFF83FB20FF35EE850C24" bold="true" box="[1196,1228,1037,1058]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">44.</emphasis>
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Entire oocyte, lateral view.
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDCFF83FE26FF10EB830C3B" bold="true" box="[426,458,1064,1085]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">45.</emphasis>
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Operculum, maximum profile, with micropylar area identified by rectangle.
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDCFF83FF4FFF7AEAAD0C51" bold="true" box="[195,228,1090,1111]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">46.</emphasis>
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Chorionic ornamentation from area of oocyte identified by rectangle in fig. 44.
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDCFF83FBBBFF7AEE110C51" bold="true" box="[1079,1112,1090,1111]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">47.</emphasis>
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Micropyle with single pore from area identified by rectangle in fig. 45.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BC63699FFDCFF83FF15FEB6EE840D15" blockId="20.[124,654,1246,1742]" lastBlockId="20.[700,1229,1246,1506]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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The transversely folded dorsal chorionic surface of the oocyte has also been noted for
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDCFF83FFF0FEF2EBC40DE7" box="[124,397,1482,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Oreopasites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vanduzeei">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDCFF83FFF0FEF2EBC40DE7" box="[124,397,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Oreopasites vanduzeei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B68FFDCFF83FE29FEF2E81A0DE7" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr." box="[421,595,1482,1505]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="707 - 710" refId="ref18576" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr. 1986 a. Survey of the number of ovarioles in various taxa of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 88: 707 - 710." type="journal article" year="1986">Rozen, 1986a</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 1),
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDCFF83FF29FEDFEB570DF8" box="[165,286,1511,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Oreopasites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linsleyi">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDCFF83FF29FEDFEB570DF8" box="[165,286,1511,1534]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">O. linsleyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(above),
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDCFF83FE03FEDFE8C40DF8" box="[399,653,1511,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Ammobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinatus">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDCFF83FE03FEDFE8C40DF8" box="[399,653,1511,1534]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ammobates carinatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B68FFDCFF83FF08FD3DEBA00E1A" author="Alexander, B. & J. G. Rozen, Jr." box="[132,489,1541,1564]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="155 - 164" refId="ref17561" refString="Alexander, B., and J. G. Rozen, Jr. 1987. Ovaries, ovarioles, and oocytes in parasitic bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 63: 155 - 164." type="journal article" year="1987">Alexander and Rozen, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 4), and ‘‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDCFF83FF02FD1BEB120E3C" authorityName="Popov" authorityYear="1931" box="[142,347,1571,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Parammobatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDCFF83FF02FD1BEB120E3C" box="[142,347,1571,1594]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parammobatodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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’’
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDCFF83FEF9FD1BEBAF0E3C" box="[373,486,1571,1594]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">orientana</emphasis>
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, above. Thus, five members of the Ammobatini share this unique feature, which no doubt signifies that each bends its egg into a ‘‘U’’ when ovipositing (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B68FFDCFF83FF63FDA1EBDC0EB6" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr." box="[239,405,1689,1712]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref18619" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr. 1986 b. The natural history of the Old World nomadine parasitic bee Pasites maculatus (Anthophoridae: Nomadinae) and its host Pseudapis diversipes (Halictidae: Nomiinae). American Museum Novitates 2861: 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1986">Rozen, 1986b</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 6). Interestingly, both species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDCFF83FED7FD8FEBB00EC8" authorityName="Bischoff" authorityYear="1923" box="[347,505,1719,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Sphecodopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDCFF83FED7FD8FEBB00EC8" box="[347,505,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sphecodopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDCFF83FD9BFD8FE9490CF0" box="[535,768,1247,1742]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pseudodi chroa</emphasis>
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), in the same tribe, do not bend their eggs (Rozen and Michener, 1968: figs. 8–12).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC63699FFDCFF83FD55FE22EE060DE4" blockId="20.[700,1229,1246,1506]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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The ovarian formula, whether 4:4 or 4:5, for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDCFF83FD66FE0FE9880D48" box="[746,961,1335,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Pasites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDCFF83FD66FE0FE9880D48" box="[746,961,1335,1358]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pasites maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 4:4 for ‘‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDCFF83FBF8FE0FE9730D6A" authorityName="Popov" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Parammobatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDCFF83FBF8FE0FE9730D6A" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parammobatodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’’
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDCFF83FCD8FE6DE98C0D6A" box="[852,965,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">orientana</emphasis>
|
||
, below, is unusual for the Nomadinae, which tend to have more ovarioles than 4 per ovary, the plesiomorphic number for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDCFF83FC01FE96E9A80DC3" box="[909,993,1454,1477]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Apidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B68FFDCFF83FC76FE96EE810DC3" author="Alexander, B. A." box="[1018,1224,1454,1477]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="14 - 35" refId="ref17522" refString="Alexander, B. A. 1996. Comparative morphology of the female reproductive system of nomadine bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Nomadinae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 17: 14 - 35." type="journal article" year="1996">Alexander, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B68FFDCFF83FD30FEF3E9310DE4" author="Michener, C. D." box="[700,888,1483,1506]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref18150" refString="Michener, C. D. 2000. The bees of the world. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University. Press." type="book" year="2000">Michener, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Rozen, in press).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63699FFDCFF83FD54FD36E9BB0E44" blockId="20.[728,1201,1549,1602]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDCFF83FD54FD36E9BB0E44" authority="(Friese)" baseAuthorityName="Friese" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Sphecodopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis" subGenus="Pseudodichroa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDCFF83FD54FD36E93F0E23" box="[728,886,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sphecodopsis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDCFF83FC06FD36EE730E23" box="[906,1082,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pseudodichroa</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDCFF83FBC1FD36EEF80E23" box="[1101,1201,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">capensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Friese)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63699FFDCFF82FD55FD65EB84098E" blockId="20.[700,1229,1629,1741]" lastBlockId="21.[123,652,193,539]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The egg of this species and the following one were described and illustrated by Rozen and Michener (1968). The egg index of 0.72 (table 1) categorizes it as small. The index was calculated by taking the median value (
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B7CFFDDFF82FF0FFBE6EAB908F3" box="[131,240,222,245]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="1.65">1.65 mm</quantity>
|
||
) of the range of egg lengths given by Rozen and Michener (1968: table 2) and dividing it by the mean intertegular distance (
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B7CFFDDFF82FF0FFA0EEABA094B" box="[131,243,310,333]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.30 mm</quantity>
|
||
) of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7FFD10FFDDFF82FED2FA0EE84E094B" box="[350,519,310,333]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">seven females</specimenCount>
|
||
associated with their study and housed in the American Museum of Natural History.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3636512FFDDFF82FF14FAB6E91F0A3E" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63699FFDDFF82FF14FAB6EB530A1D" blockId="21.[123,652,193,539]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B113CC4FFDDFF82FF14FAB6EB5F0A1D" collectingDate="1966-10-29" collectingDateMax="1966-11-09" collectingDateMin="1966-10-29" collectorName="J. G. Rozen & C. D. Michener" country="South Africa" county="Two" location="Kommetjie" municipality="Good Hope Peninsula" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
MATERIAL STUDIED:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62A74E15FFDDFF82FE08FAB6EBFE09A3" box="[388,439,398,421]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Two</collectingCounty>
|
||
eggs,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7609FFDDFF82FD8FFAB6EB5F09C5" name="South Africa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Republic of South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF87BFFDDFF82FEADFA94EB1409C5" box="[289,349,428,451]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA2ACE3FFDDFF82FE08FA94E8CE09C5" box="[388,647,428,451]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Good Hope Peninsula</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EA66042FFDDFF82FFF7FAF1EB4809E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D0878FFFDBFF82FCBCF910E91F0A3E:8EA66042FFDDFF82FFF7FAF1EB4809E6" box="[123,257,457,480]" country="South Africa" county="Two" municipality="Good Hope Peninsula" name="Kommetjie" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Western Cape">Kommetjie</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC71059FFDDFF82FE9DFAF1EBA009E6" box="[273,489,457,480]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1966-10-29" valueMax="1966-11-09" valueMin="1966-10-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF83E9B1FFDDFF82FE9DFAF1EBA009E6" box="[273,489,457,480]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1966-10-29" valueMax="1966-11-09" valueMin="1966-10-29">X29–XI 9–1966</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="268C534FFFDDFF82FE73FAF1E8CE09E6" box="[511,647,457,480]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">J.G. Rozen</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="268C534FFFDDFF82FFF7FADEEB7F09FB" box="[123,310,486,509]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C. D. Michener</collectorName>
|
||
) from nests of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDDFF82FE63FADFEB5F0A1D" authority="(Friese)" baseAuthorityName="Friese" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Scrapter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDDFF82FE63FADFEAE60A1D" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Scrapter longula</emphasis>
|
||
(Friese)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63699FFDDFF82FF05F907EBF60A75" blockId="21.[137,637,575,627]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDDFF82FF05F907EBF60A75" authority="(Bischoff)" baseAuthorityName="Bischoff" baseAuthorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Sphecodopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis" subGenus="Pseudodichroa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDDFF82FF05F907EB6E0A50" box="[137,295,575,598]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sphecodopsis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDDFF82FEB6F907EBA30A50" box="[314,490,575,598]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pseudodichroa</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDDFF82FE71F907E8340A50" box="[509,637,575,598]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">fumipennis</emphasis>
|
||
(Bischoff)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63699FFDDFF82FF14F9BFEB0A0CA8" blockId="21.[123,651,647,1345]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
The egg index of 0.67 (table 1) of this species categorizes the egg as small. The index was calculated by taking the median value (
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B7CFFDDFF82FF0FF9E7EAB90AF0" box="[131,240,735,758]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="1.95">1.95 mm</quantity>
|
||
) of the range of egg lengths given by Rozen and Michener (1968) and dividing it by the mean intertegular distance (
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B7CFFDDFF82FDDAF822EAE30B48" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="2.95">2.95 mm</quantity>
|
||
) of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7FFD10FFDDFF82FE91F80FEB880B48" box="[285,449,823,846]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
|
||
associated with their study housed in the American Museum of Natural History. Because they described the egg in some detail, it is not redescribed here, except to add that the incurved surface is dorsal. However, SEM examination of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7FFD10FFDDFF82FDD3F8F2EAF90BF8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="egg">two eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
(figs. 48–51) shows the strong polygonal pattern of raised borders that seems responsible for the rigidity of the chorion (fig. 48), and the multipored micropyle (fig. 51) was revealed near the anterior edge of the smooth opercular flap of an egg that had apparently eclosed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63699FFDDFF82FF14FF8DEB670D47" blockId="21.[123,651,647,1345]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B113CC4FFDDFF82FF14FF8DEB630D47" collectingDate="1966-10-29" collectingDateMax="1966-11-09" collectingDateMin="1966-10-29" collectorName="J. G. Rozen & C. D. Michener" country="South Africa" county="Two" location="Kommetjie" municipality="Good Hope Peninsula" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
MATERIAL STUDIED:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62A74E15FFDDFF82FE08FF8DEBFE0CCA" box="[388,439,1205,1228]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Two</collectingCounty>
|
||
eggs,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7609FFDDFF82FD8FFF8DEB5F0CEF" name="South Africa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Republic of South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF87BFFDDFF82FEADFFEAEB140CEF" box="[289,349,1234,1257]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA2ACE3FFDDFF82FE08FFEAE8CE0CEF" box="[388,647,1234,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Good Hope Peninsula</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EA66042FFDDFF82FFF7FFD7EB480D00" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D0878FFFDBFF82FCBCF910E91F0A3E:8EA66042FFDDFF82FFF7FFD7EB480D00" box="[123,257,1263,1286]" country="South Africa" county="Two" municipality="Good Hope Peninsula" name="Kommetjie" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Western Cape">Kommetjie</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC71059FFDDFF82FE9DFFD7EBA00D00" box="[273,489,1263,1286]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1966-10-29" valueMax="1966-11-09" valueMin="1966-10-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF83E9B1FFDDFF82FE9DFFD7EBA00D00" box="[273,489,1263,1286]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1966-10-29" valueMax="1966-11-09" valueMin="1966-10-29">X29–XI 9–1966</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="268C534FFFDDFF82FE73FFD7E8CE0D00" box="[511,647,1263,1286]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">J.G. Rozen</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="268C534FFFDDFF82FFF7FE35EB650D22" box="[123,300,1293,1316]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C.D. Michener</collectorName>
|
||
) from nests of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDDFF82FE6FFE35EB630D47" authority="Cockerell." authorityName="Cockerell." class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Scrapter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDDFF82FE6FFE35EAE20D47" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Scrapter crassula</emphasis>
|
||
Cockerell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63699FFDDFF82FF6DFE5EE86C0D7A" blockId="21.[225,549,1382,1405]" box="[225,549,1382,1405]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDDFF82FF6DFE5EEB7C0D7A" box="[225,309,1382,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">APIDAE</taxonomicName>
|
||
: APINAE: MELECTINI
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63699FFDDFF82FF14FEA9E91F0A3E" blockId="21.[123,652,1425,1742]" lastBlockId="21.[699,1228,193,568]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Eggs/oocytes of the following melectine taxa have been described and/or illustrated:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDDFF82FFF7FEF4E8280DE5" authority="Friese" authorityName="Friese" box="[123,609,1484,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Thyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDDFF82FFF7FEF4EB110DE5" box="[123,344,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Thyreus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
Friese (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B68FFDDFF82FE4FFEF4E8110DE5" author="Iwata, K." box="[451,600,1484,1507]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="17 - 34" refId="ref17771" refString="Iwata, K. 1955. The comparative anatomy of the ovary in Hymenoptera. Part 1. Aculeata. Mushi 29: 17 - 34." type="journal article" year="1955">Iwata, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDDFF82FDFFFEF4E84D0E06" authority="Rozen" authorityName="Rozen" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Thyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lieftincki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDDFF82FDFFFEF4EAA80E06" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">T. lieftincki</emphasis>
|
||
Rozen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B68FFDDFF82FEDBFED1EBB20E06" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr." box="[343,507,1513,1536]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="51 - 60" refId="ref18526" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr. 1969. Biology and description of a new species of African Thyreus, with life history notes on two species of Anthophora (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 75: 51 - 60." type="journal article" year="1969">Rozen, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDDFF82FD96FED1EA880E3D" authority="(Cresson) (Torchio and Youssef, 1968)" authorityName="Torchio and Youssef" authorityYear="1968" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Zacosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDDFF82FD96FED1EAAE0E18" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Zacosmia maculata</emphasis>
|
||
(Cresson) (Torchio and Youssef, 1968)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDDFF82FE9CFD1CE8550E5E" authority="(Cresson) (Torchio and Trostle, 1986)" authorityName="Torchio and Trostle" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xeromelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDDFF82FE9CFD1CE87A0E3D" box="[272,563,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Xeromelecta californica</emphasis>
|
||
(Cresson) (Torchio and Trostle, 1986)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We describe here the mature oocytes/eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDDFF82FDD0FD67EAFD0E95" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDDFF82FDD0FD67EAFD0E95" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Melecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDDFF82FF7BFD44E85E0E95" box="[247,535,1660,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Thyreomelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirghisia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDDFF82FF7BFD44E85E0E95" box="[247,535,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Thyreomelecta kirghisia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and provide additional information on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDDFF82FD8CFDA1E8C50EB6" box="[512,652,1689,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Thyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lieftincki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDDFF82FD8CFDA1E8C50EB6" box="[512,652,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">T. lieftincki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D1AFFDDFF82FF22FD8FEB180EC8" authorityName="Torchio and Trostle" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[174,337,1719,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xeromelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA8BFFDDFF82FF22FD8FEB180EC8" box="[174,337,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">X. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. So far as known, eggs of all melectines are elongate, curved, and either parallelsided or tapering gradually from the anterior end toward the posterior end, with the front end somewhat more broadly rounded than the posterior end (e.g., figs. 52, 53). Most appear dull and somewhat opaque whether in alcohol or dry, and none have chorionic ornamentation beyond the dull chorion as seen under stereoscopic examination. The differences between them by SEM examination seem slight, involving microstructure of the chorion (compare fig. 56 with fig. 59).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |