325 lines
37 KiB
XML
325 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="8FF0A53FB0EA525B3B3D13531BE51049" ID-DOI="10.1649/1176.1" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4924356" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623349980529" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2009" docId="03A987B8FFFDEF2E6281FCF7FC06FB2F" docLanguage="en" docName="TheColeopBull.63.4.383-411.pdf.imf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 63 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:07711681861DB98305E87147CAB6DAD5.4:TheColeopBull.2003-2009.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="07711681861DB98305E87147CAB6DAD5" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2003-2009.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Metacolpodes buchanani" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="403" masterDocId="FF90FFC0FFEFEF3A632AFFC5FFEAFFE5" masterDocTitle="Native And Alien Carabidae (Coleoptera) Share Lanai, An Ecologically Devastated Island" masterLastPageNumber="411" masterPageNumber="383" pageNumber="401" updateTime="1698962403354" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="17AD6CBAFAD90AED73D6E3A01D407736">
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<mods:title id="EF0879CEA5D8A4864013608BF7350ADB">Native And Alien Carabidae (Coleoptera) Share Lanai, An Ecologically Devastated Island</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="425BCE0B8469EE064AF97CF94E068200" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="951F9CD8B10958CDF745D974D9CA882B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8B9F6EE600530E17C5B4B2E1D5E0104E">Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BD14C6E9B7AF13C21BEFA4197352AA23">Department of Entomology, John H. and Anna B. Comstock Hall Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853 - 2601, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="771CF5CC2C351D320B1B916C9DC2DB55" type="email">JKL5@cornell.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:titleInfo id="AA68F3EBCB1F2830621569968F3071E8">
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<mods:title id="BF4130104B470AA2037ACB037946EE0A">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="AC9AE739D3CF4B9B3EBAFAA3E86864B8">
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<mods:date id="9DCAC7E65811B1E7A81FC274B60537FD">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8C1A05EFAA669612472A300F40F8F684" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="51FF359E831A001760CCAB8365DD3CF1">2009-12-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6DFAC2D9021743E7D4B7D468226BA15A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D6E22356AB25E87D8248F268C7421FE4">63</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F2A801213DD98DA68C9E8888D0EEABA4" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="17E040F9138734BDE0D164DE1E12FB42">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="44350C68C1E6043A8DD49E78002CA265">383</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="219DAC81B0C8D4F2EA7DD80542389ED9">411</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="11902ABF00453B48C427745B379B0B1F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F3229768D0E02A3E46F6452F0B1248E8" type="DOI">10.1649/1176.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="22E4E3C1C0655B1C87AD0159C7566848" type="ISSN">1938-4394</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A0D4EA61ECE229192B597632E9DE5C0B" type="Zenodo-Dep">4924356</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03A987B8FFFDEF2E6281FCF7FC06FB2F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987B8FFFDEF2E6281FCF7FC06FB2F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987B8FFFDEF2E6281FCF7FC06FB2F" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="403" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
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<subSubSection id="C31A6525FFFDEF286281FCF7FD1BFCAD" box="[427,753,818,840]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFDEF286281FCF7FD1BFCAD" blockId="18.[427,753,818,868]" box="[427,753,818,840]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
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<heading id="D0F781C2FFFDEF286281FCF7FD1BFCAD" box="[427,753,818,840]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFDEF286281FCF7FD1BFCAD" authority="(Hope)" baseAuthorityName="Hope" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[427,753,818,840]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metacolpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buchanani">
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<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFDEF286281FCF7FD1BFCAD" bold="true" box="[427,753,818,840]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
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<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFDEF286281FCF7FD49FCAD" bold="true" box="[427,675,818,840]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">Metacolpodes buchanani</emphasis>
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(Hope)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31A6525FFFDEF286129FC8BFD73FC81" box="[515,665,846,868]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFDEF286129FC8BFD73FC81" blockId="18.[427,753,818,868]" box="[515,665,846,868]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133B2A2BFFFDEF286120FC8BFD8CFC81" box="[522,614,846,868]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[167,198,1308,1327]" captionTargetBox="[172,949,194,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-66@17.[171,949,194,1286]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Known distributions of carabid beetle species on Lanai. A. Blackburnia lanaihalensis. B. B. depressa. C. B. filipes. D. Metacolpodes buchanani. E. Gnathaphanus picipes (small circles), G. picipes plus G. multipunctatus (larger bullseye). F. Perigona nigriceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4924370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4924370/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">Figs. 6D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133B2A2BFFFDEF286159FC8BFD78FC81" box="[627,658,846,868]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[167,198,1396,1415]" captionTargetBox="[172,948,195,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-1@19.[171,950,194,1374]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 7. Non-native carabid beetle species known from Lanai (vignettes represent actual body size). A. Metacolpodes buchanani. B. Gnathaphanus picipes. C. G. multipunctatus. D. Perigona nigriceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4924374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4924374/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">7A</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31A6525FFFDEF2E63EDFCBFFE24FECD" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="403" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFDEF2863EDFCBFFC35FC05" blockId="18.[175,1005,890,1422]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
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<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFDEF2863EDFCBFFEC5FC75" bold="true" box="[199,303,890,912]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The non-native
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFDEF2862CFFCBFFD99FC6A" baseAuthorityName="Hope" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[485,627,890,911]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metacolpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buchanani">
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<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFDEF2862CFFCBFFD99FC6A" box="[485,627,890,911]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">M. buchanani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="133B2A2BFFFDEF2861AEFCBFFD3FFC75" box="[644,725,890,912]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[167,198,1396,1415]" captionTargetBox="[172,948,195,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-1@19.[171,950,194,1374]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 7. Non-native carabid beetle species known from Lanai (vignettes represent actual body size). A. Metacolpodes buchanani. B. Gnathaphanus picipes. C. G. multipunctatus. D. Perigona nigriceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4924374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4924374/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
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) can be simply diagnosed from all native Hawaiian
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFDEF286297FC50FDDCFC4F" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1878" box="[445,566,917,938]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFDEF286297FC50FDDCFC4F" box="[445,566,917,938]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">Blackburnia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of a small denticle at the apex of the elytral suture and by the vivid metallic green dorsal coloration (Liebherr and Zimmerman 2000: 56). Standardized body length 11.0–
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<quantity id="4CF89B4BFFFDEF2860AAFC0FFC33FC05" box="[896,985,970,992]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" unit="mm" value="13.2">13.2 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFDEF2863EDFC23FD04FBD4" blockId="18.[175,1005,890,1422]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
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<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFDEF2863EDFC23FE62FC19" bold="true" box="[199,392,998,1020]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">Lanai Distribution.</emphasis>
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This species was first collected on Lanai in 2004, at which point it was widely distributed across the island (
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<figureCitation id="133B2A2BFFFDEF2861B5FBC5FD1AFBF3" box="[671,752,1024,1046]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[167,198,1308,1327]" captionTargetBox="[172,949,194,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-66@17.[171,949,194,1286]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Known distributions of carabid beetle species on Lanai. A. Blackburnia lanaihalensis. B. B. depressa. C. B. filipes. D. Metacolpodes buchanani. E. Gnathaphanus picipes (small circles), G. picipes plus G. multipunctatus (larger bullseye). F. Perigona nigriceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4924370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4924370/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
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) in both the cloud forest and dry forest communities (
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<figureCitation id="133B2A2BFFFDEF2862F1FBDEFDFDFBD4" box="[475,535,1051,1073]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[167,198,915,934]" captionTargetBox="[181,941,194,893]" captionTargetId="figure-200@3.[181,941,194,893]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Pre-Polynesian vegetation communities on the island of Lanai (after Hobdy 1993): 1) cloud forest; 2) mesic forest; 3) dry forest; 4) arid grassland and shrubland; 5) coast and strand." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4924358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4924358/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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||
) (
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||
<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFDEF28611BFBDEFD0AFBD4" bold="true" box="[561,736,1051,1073]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">new island record</emphasis>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFDEF2863EDFBF2FD6EFA6B" blockId="18.[175,1005,890,1422]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
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||
<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFDEF2863EDFBF2FEF1FBA8" bold="true" box="[199,283,1079,1101]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">Habitat.</emphasis>
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This species has been collected in three different situations on Lanai; 1) beaten from uluhe fern on Haalelepaakai in association with the native
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFDEF2860FCFB97FEE9FB67" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressa">
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<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFDEF2860FCFB97FEE9FB67" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">B. depressa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFDEF286213FBA8FE70FB67" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[313,410,1133,1154]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filipes">
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<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFDEF286213FBA8FE70FB67" box="[313,410,1133,1154]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">M. filipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<date id="FFBE106EFFFDEF286283FBA9FDF9FB67" box="[425,531,1132,1154]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" value="2004-05-13">13-V-2004</date>
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lot 01, Liebherr; CUIC); 2) under
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFDEF286054FBA8FC06FB67" box="[894,1004,1133,1154]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFDEF286054FBA8FC06FB67" box="[894,1004,1133,1154]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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bark SWS of Lehua at
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<quantity id="4CF89B4BFFFDEF28628FFB42FE0FFB78" box="[421,485,1159,1181]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.83" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" unit="m" value="683.0">683 m</quantity>
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el. syntopic with the non-native
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFDEF286015FB42FC49FB79" box="[831,931,1159,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Gnathaphanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picipes">
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<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFDEF286015FB42FC49FB79" box="[831,931,1159,1180]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">G. picipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<date id="FFBE106EFFFDEF286098FB42FF35FB5D" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" value="2004-05-13">13-V- 2004</date>
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lot 06, Liebherr; CUIC); and 3) beaten from
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFDEF286181FB67FC06FB5D" authority="(A. DC)" baseAuthorityName="A. DC" box="[683,1004,1186,1208]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ebenaceae" genus="Diospyros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis">
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<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFDEF286181FB67FC78FB52" box="[683,914,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">Diospyros sandwicensis</emphasis>
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(A. DC)
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</taxonomicName>
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at Kanepuu Dry Forest Reserve,
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<quantity id="4CF89B4BFFFDEF28612DFB79FDADFB37" box="[519,583,1212,1234]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" unit="m" value="525.0">525 m</quantity>
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el. (
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<date id="FFBE106EFFFDEF286159FB79FD37FB37" box="[627,733,1212,1234]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" value="2004-05-14">14-V-2004</date>
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lot 04, Polhemus; CUIC). The Haalelepaakai specimen was collected along with
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFDEF2861D9FB1DFF13FAED" authority="(Forel)" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bourbonica">
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||
<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFDEF2861D9FB1DFC06FB08" box="[755,1004,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">Paratrechina bourbonica</emphasis>
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(Forel)
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</taxonomicName>
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, a predaceous ant species that also tends Homoptera (Huddleston and Fluker 1968) and is found in montane areas in disturbed habitats such as roadsides, but never in undisturbed forest (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF914B5FFFFDEF28614FFAEDFD01FADB" author="Reimer" box="[613,747,1320,1342]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" pagination="11 - 22" refId="ref16054" refString="Reimer, N. J. 1994. Distribution and impact of alien ants in vulnerable Hawaiian ecosystems [pp. 11 - 22]. In: Exotic Ants: Biology, Impact, and Control of Introduced Species (D. F. Williams, editor). Westview Press, Boulder, CO. 332 pp." type="book chapter" year="1994">Reimer 1994</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The Kanepuu specimen was collected in the company of
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFDEF28616AFA87FCBFFABD" authority="Hagen" authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1853" box="[576,853,1346,1368]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Micromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timidus">
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<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFDEF28616AFA87FCEAFAB2" box="[576,768,1346,1367]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">Micromus timidus</emphasis>
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Hagen
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFDEF286044FA87FC03FABD" box="[878,1001,1346,1368]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFDEF286385FA98FEA9FA96" box="[175,323,1373,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hemerobiidae</taxonomicName>
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), a lacewing of African origin (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF914B5FFFFDEF28618AFA98FCA0FA96" author="Monserrat, V. J. & A systematic checklist of the & Hemerobiidae of the World" box="[672,842,1373,1395]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" pagination="215 - 262" refId="ref15460" refString="Monserrat, V. J. 1990. A systematic checklist of the Hemerobiidae of the World (Insecta: Neuroptera) [pp. 215 - 262]. In: Advances in Neuropterology: Proceedings of the 3 rd International Symposium on Neuropterology (M. W. Mansell and H. Aspock, editors). Department of Agricultural Development, Pretoria, South Africa." type="book chapter" year="1990">Monserrat 1990</bibRefCitation>
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) introduced to
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<collectingRegion id="49C4F84CFFFDEF286385FABDFF13FA6B" box="[175,249,1400,1422]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
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for biological control (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF914B5FFFFDEF2862C6FABDFD93FA6B" author="Nishida" box="[492,633,1400,1422]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" refId="ref15716" refString="Nishida, G. M. 2002. Hawaiian Terrestrial Arthropod Checklist, Fourth Edition. Hawai'i Biological Survey, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI. 313 pp." type="book" year="2002">Nishida 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFDEF2862D5FA6BFD77FA21" blockId="18.[511,669,1454,1476]" box="[511,669,1454,1476]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFDEF2862D5FA6BFD77FA21" bold="true" box="[511,669,1454,1476]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
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Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFDEF286117FA6BFD77FA21" box="[573,669,1454,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Harpalini">Harpalini</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFDEF2E63EDFA12FE24FECD" blockId="18.[175,1005,1495,1570]" lastBlockId="20.[175,1004,194,296]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="403" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
|
||
There are currently six species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFDEF286111FA12FD74FA08" box="[571,670,1495,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Harpalini">Harpalini</taxonomicName>
|
||
that have been recorded from Hawaii. The following key will facilitate both their identification and the recognition of any future colonizing harpaline taxa. The key structure is based in part on characters supporting subtribal classification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFBEF2E603BFF07FF0DFF17" authority="(Reichardt 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Reichardt" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Harpalini">
|
||
Harpalini (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B5FFFFBEF2E60ACFF07FF0AFF17" author="Reichardt" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" pagination="346 - 493" refId="ref16026" refString="Reichardt, H. 1977. A synopsis of the genera of Neotropical Carabidae (Insecta: Carabidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae 13: 346 - 493." type="journal article" year="1977">Reichardt 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and generic classification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFBEF2E616EFF19FC72FF17" authority="(Noonan 1973)" baseAuthorityName="Noonan" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[580,920,220,242]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Anisodactylina">
|
||
Anisodactylina (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B5FFFFBEF2E61DDFF19FC7BFF17" author="Noonan" box="[759,913,220,242]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" pagination="266 - 480" refId="ref15746" refString="Noonan, G. R. 1973. The anisodactylines (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini): classification, evolution, and zoogeography. Quaestiones Entomologicae 9: 266 - 480." type="journal article" year="1973">Noonan 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F317763EFFFBEF2E6087FF19FC06FF17" box="[941,1004,220,242]" name="Iceland" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
distributions and references pertinent to Hawaiian identification and distribution are provided for all species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF7F6626FFFCEF29638DFAB1FED7FA52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4924374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4924374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4924374/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" startId="19.[167,198,1396,1415]" targetBox="[172,948,195,1371]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFCEF29638DFAB1FED7FA52" blockId="19.[146,976,1396,1463]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFCEF29638DFAB1FF0FFA62" bold="true" box="[167,229,1396,1415]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Non-native carabid beetle species known from Lanai (vignettes represent actual body size). A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFCEF296231FA49FE1CFA7A" baseAuthorityName="Hope" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[283,502,1420,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metacolpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buchanani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFCEF296231FA49FE1CFA7A" box="[283,502,1420,1439]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Metacolpodes buchanani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFCEF29610AFA49FD0BFA7A" box="[544,737,1420,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Gnathaphanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFCEF29610AFA49FD0BFA7A" box="[544,737,1420,1439]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Gnathaphanus picipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFCEF296021FA49FC40FA7A" box="[779,938,1420,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Gnathaphanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multipunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFCEF296021FA49FC40FA7A" box="[779,938,1420,1439]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">G. multipunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFCEF2963B8FA61FEDDFA52" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[146,311,1444,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Perigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFCEF2963B8FA61FEDDFA52" box="[146,311,1444,1463]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Perigona nigriceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31A6525FFFBEF2E63C2FE8DFC06FB2F" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFBEF2E63C2FE8DFC59FEBB" blockId="20.[232,947,328,350]" box="[232,947,328,350]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFBEF2E63C2FE8DFC59FEBB" bold="true" box="[232,947,328,350]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
Key to Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFBEF2E628BFE8DFDA4FEBB" ID-CoL="8KTVK" authority="Known" authorityName="Known" box="[417,590,328,350]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Harpalini">Harpalini Known</taxonomicName>
|
||
to have been Introduced to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C4F84CFFFBEF2E6041FE8DFC59FEBB" box="[875,947,328,350]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<key id="FF91619FFFFBEF2E6398FE4AFC06FB2F" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<keyStep id="30F42E0BFFFBEF2E6398FE4AFC06FE25" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFBEF2E6398FE4AFC06FE40" blockId="20.[178,1004,399,1226]" box="[178,1004,399,421]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<keyLead id="30F1959BFFFBEF2E6398FE4AFC06FE40" box="[178,1004,399,421]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">1. Penultimate labial palpomere plurisetose.................................... 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFBEF2E6398FE6FFC06FE25" blockId="20.[178,1004,399,1226]" box="[178,1004,426,448]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<keyLead id="30F1959BFFFBEF2E6398FE6FFC06FE25" box="[178,1004,426,448]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
19. Penultimate labial palpomere bi- or trisetose (subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFBEF2E600EFE6FFC47FE25" authorityName="Kirkby" authorityYear="1837" box="[804,941,426,448]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Stenolophina">Stenolophina</taxonomicName>
|
||
).... 5
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30F42E0BFFFBEF2E6398FE03FC06FD72" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFBEF2E6398FE03FC06FDC9" blockId="20.[178,1004,399,1226]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<keyLead id="30F1959BFFFBEF2E6398FE03FC06FDC9" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
2(1). Standardized body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B4BFFFBEF2E62D4FE03FD6FFE39" box="[510,645,454,476]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" metricValueMax="11.2" metricValueMin="8.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" unit="mm" value="9.7" valueMax="11.2" valueMin="8.2">8.2–11.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; male with anterior and middle tarsomeres dilated, with numerous longitudinal rows of adhesive setae (ventral surfaces of tarsomeres appearing to be covered with spongy pubescence (subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFBEF2E62E0FDD3FD8FFDC9" baseAuthorityName="Noonan" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[458,613,534,556]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Anisodactylina">Anisodactylina</taxonomicName>
|
||
)........................................ 3
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFBEF2E6398FDF4FC06FD72" blockId="20.[178,1004,399,1226]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<keyLead id="30F1959BFFFBEF2E6398FDF4FC06FD72" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
29. Standardized body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B4BFFFBEF2E6128FDF4FD92FDA2" box="[514,632,561,583]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" unit="mm" value="6.3" valueMax="6.8" valueMin="5.8">5.8–6.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; male with anterior and middle tarsomeres unmodified or dilated and with two longitudinal rows of adhesive setae ventrally (subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFBEF2E62C3FDA3FDA4FD99" ID-CoL="8LTBY" box="[489,590,614,636]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Harpalina">Harpalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C4F84CFFFBEF2E614CFDA3FD44FD99" box="[614,686,614,636]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
I., Oahu, Kauai;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B5FFFFBEF2E6047FDA3FEF1FD72" author="Beardsley" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" pagination="15" refId="ref13485" refString="Beardsley, J. W. 1985. New island records for Kauai. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 25: 15." type="journal article" year="1985">Beardsley 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).....................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFBEF2E6155FD44FC06FD72" ID-CoL="6YDN2" authority="Putzeys" authorityName="Putzeys" authorityYear="1878" box="[639,1004,641,663]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Selenophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatopunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFBEF2E6155FD44FC76FD73" box="[639,924,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Selenophorus striatopunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
Putzeys
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30F42E0BFFFBEF2E6398FD59FC06FCF8" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFBEF2E6398FD59FC06FD28" blockId="20.[178,1004,399,1226]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<keyLead id="30F1959BFFFBEF2E6398FD59FC06FD28" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">3(2). Third elytral interval and adjoining striae bearing 3 or more dorsal setal punctures, fifth stria may bear setal punctures in apical half of elytron.. 4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFBEF2E6398FD17FC06FCF8" blockId="20.[178,1004,399,1226]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<keyLead id="30F1959BFFFBEF2E6398FD17FC06FCF8" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
39. Third elytral interval with single setal puncture in apical half of length, fifth stria without setal punctures (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C4F84CFFFBEF2E6158FD28FD57FCE6" box="[626,701,749,771]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
I., Maui, Oahu, Kauai;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B5FFFFBEF2E63C6FCC2FE4EFCF8" author="Zimmerman" box="[236,420,775,797]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" pagination="291 - 294" refId="ref16649" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. 1972. On some foreign Carabidae established in Hawaii (Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 21: 291 - 294." type="journal article" year="1972">Zimmerman 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFBEF2E6196FCCDFC06FCF8" ID-CoL="6SBTX" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[700,1004,775,797]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Notiobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFBEF2E6196FCCDFC76FCF8" box="[700,924,776,797]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Notiobia purpurascens</emphasis>
|
||
(Bates)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30F42E0BFFFBEF2E6398FCE6FC06FC3C" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFBEF2E6398FCE6FC06FC8B" blockId="20.[178,1004,399,1226]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<keyLead id="30F1959BFFFBEF2E6398FCE6FC06FC8B" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
4(3). Five to 8 dorsal elytral setae present in the third interval, but fifth stria impunctate (all high Hawaiian Islands;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B5FFFFBEF2E61ABFCFBFC88FCB1" author="Samuelson" box="[641,866,830,852]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" pagination="22 - 23" refId="ref16114" refString="Samuelson, G. A., J. K. Liebherr, and K. W. Will. 1997. Gnathaphanus picipes, an established adventive in Hawaii (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 49: 22 - 23." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Samuelson
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFBEF2E61DDFCFBFCC0FCB6" box="[759,810,830,851]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B5FFFFBEF2E6044FCFBFEF7FC8B" author="Jamieson" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" pagination="19 - 26" refId="ref14371" refString="Jamieson, D. W. 1999. New arthropod records for Kauai. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers No. 59: 19 - 26." type="book chapter" year="1999">Jamieson 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFBEF2E61B1FC9DFC06FC8B" ID-CoL="3GL8Y" authority="(MacLeay)" baseAuthorityName="MacLeay" box="[667,1004,856,878]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Gnathaphanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFBEF2E61B1FC9DFC9EFC88" box="[667,884,856,877]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Gnathaphanus picipes</emphasis>
|
||
(MacLeay)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFBEF2E6398FCB1FC06FC3C" blockId="20.[178,1004,399,1226]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<keyLead id="30F1959BFFFBEF2E6398FCB1FC06FC3C" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
49. Five to 7 dorsal elytral setae associated with third interval and adjoining striae, and 4–5 dorsal elytral setae in fifth stria, all setae in foveate depressions as broad as nearby elytral intervals (Lanai, Maui, Oahu, Kauai;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B5FFFFBEF2E6210FC06FE3CFC3C" author="Beardsley" box="[314,470,963,985]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" pagination="173 - 174" refId="ref13461" refString="Beardsley, J. W. 1983. Gnathaphanus upolensis Csiki. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 24: 173 - 174." type="journal article" year="1983">Beardsley 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)...........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFBEF2E6161FC01FC06FC3C" ID-CoL="3GL8T" authority="(MacLeay)" baseAuthorityName="MacLeay" box="[587,1004,963,985]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Gnathaphanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multipunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFBEF2E6161FC01FC9EFC3C" box="[587,884,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Gnathaphanus multipunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
(MacLeay)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30F42E0BFFFBEF2E6398FC1AFC06FB2F" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFBEF2E6398FC1AFC06FBBA" blockId="20.[178,1004,399,1226]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<keyLead id="30F1959BFFFBEF2E6398FC1AFC06FBBA" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
5(1). Elytra with transverse-line microsculpture resulting in orange to blue metallic sheen, disc piceous with flavous posthumeral spots and a median sutural spot near apex, flavous anteapical spots on intervals 7 and 8 present in some individuals (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C4F84CFFFBEF2E625FFBEAFE57FBA0" box="[373,445,1071,1093]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
I., Oahu, Kauai;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B5FFFFBEF2E6185FBEAFCBCFBA0" author="Beardsley" box="[687,854,1071,1093]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" pagination="312" refId="ref13434" refString="Beardsley, J. W. 1981. Stenolophus (Egadroma) quinquepustulatus (Wiedemann). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 23: 312." type="journal article" year="1981">Beardsley 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B5FFFFBEF2E605BFBEAFEF1FBBA" author="Jamieson" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" pagination="19 - 26" refId="ref14371" refString="Jamieson, D. W. 1999. New arthropod records for Kauai. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers No. 59: 19 - 26." type="book chapter" year="1999">Jamieson 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)..............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFBEF2E6115FB8CFC06FBBA" ID-CoL="6ZLMM" authority="(Wiedemann)" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[575,1004,1097,1119]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Stenolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquepustulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFBEF2E6115FB8CFC88FBBB" box="[575,866,1097,1118]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Stenolophus quinquepustulatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Wiedemann)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36AEFFFBEF2E6398FBA0FC06FB2F" blockId="20.[178,1004,399,1226]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<keyLead id="30F1959BFFFBEF2E6398FBA0FC06FB2F" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
|
||
59. Elytra with transverse-mesh microsculpture that results in silvery sheen, but brunneous ground color not obscured by glossy surface, elytral marginal depression and apex narrowly flavous, disc brunneous without maculations (Oahu;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B5FFFFBEF2E6295FB71FDDDFB2F" author="Bryan" box="[447,567,1204,1226]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" pagination="220" refId="ref13684" refString="Bryan, E. H., Jr. 1929. New immigrant beetles. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 7: 220." type="journal article" year="1929">Bryan 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D2DFFFBEF2E6194FB70FC06FB2F" ID-CoL="4ZZMD" authority="LeConte" authorityName="LeConte" box="[702,1004,1204,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Stenolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EABCFFFBEF2E6194FB70FC61FB2F" box="[702,907,1205,1226]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Stenolophus limbalis</emphasis>
|
||
LeConte
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |