100 lines
13 KiB
XML
100 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5779569" ID-GBIF-Dataset="723c8018-f87a-440a-bed1-3d2fe2a46e42" ID-ISBN="978-3-906484-76-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5779569" approvalRequired="4" approvalRequired_for_treatments="4" checkinTime="1639140111949" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Alexander, Timothy & Seehausen, Ole" docDate="2021" docId="039187D59BAFBBD6FFE674B4715D8B60" docLanguage="en" docName="ProjectLacSynthesisReport.2021.1-281.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology" docSource="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/eawag/islandora/object/eawag:24051" docTitle="Esox spp" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="132" masterDocId="FFA8FFAD9B2EBB57FF94744D755A8830" masterDocTitle="Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – “ Projet Lac ” synthesis report" pageNumber="132" updateTime="1655230699012" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – “ Projet Lac ” synthesis report</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Alexander, Timothy</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Seehausen, Ole</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Eawag: Das Wasserforschungsinstitut des ETH-Bereichs Überlandstrasse 133, CH- 8600 Dübendorf</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2021</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2021-11-12</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology</mods:publisher>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/eawag/islandora/object/eawag:24051</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>book</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5779569</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">723c8018-f87a-440a-bed1-3d2fe2a46e42</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-3-906484-76-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5779569</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5776968" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191772210" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5776968" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039187D59BAFBBD6FFE674B4715D8B60" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039187D59BAFBBD6FFE674B4715D8B60" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="129" pageNumber="132">
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<subSubSection box="[114,293,248,272]" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="129.[112,1224,248,848]" box="[114,293,248,272]" pageId="129" pageNumber="132">
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<heading box="[114,293,248,272]" fontSize="10" level="7" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName box="[114,217,249,272]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[114,168,249,272]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="132">Esox</emphasis>
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spp
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</taxonomicName>
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(pike)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="129" pageNumber="132" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="129.[112,1224,248,848]" pageId="129" pageNumber="132">
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Two species of pike in the genus
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<taxonomicName box="[457,506,283,304]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Esox</taxonomicName>
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are considered native to Switzerland. The northern pike
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1081,1196,282,304]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucius">Esox lucius</taxonomicName>
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is widespread in cooler fresh and brackish water across the northern hemisphere.The second species
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bianco & Delmastro" authorityYear="2011" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cisalpinus">Esox cisalpinus</taxonomicName>
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was described from lakes south of the Alps in 2011 based on genetic and phenotypic evidence
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<superScript attach="right" box="[1127,1193,344,359]" fontSize="6" pageId="129" pageNumber="132">[152, 153]</superScript>
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. It was described under two different names by two author teams in the same year, with the name
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bianco & Delmastro" authorityYear="2011" box="[1092,1218,378,400]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cisalpinus">E. cisalpinus</taxonomicName>
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considered to have precedence over
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucentini, Puletti, Ricciolini, Gigliarelli, Fontaneto, Lanfaloni, Bilo, Natali & Panara" authorityYear="2011" box="[478,571,410,432]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviae">E. flaviae</taxonomicName>
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. The formal description suggested that adult
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1016,1099,410,432]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucius">E. lucius</taxonomicName>
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exhibit only the round-spotted phenotype, while
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bianco & Delmastro" authorityYear="2011" box="[480,605,442,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cisalpinus">E. cisalpinus</taxonomicName>
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shows mostly diagonal bars or stellate spots, with some fish showing vertical or horizontal bars. The number of scales along the lateral line also seems to distinguish the two species, with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bianco & Delmastro" authorityYear="2011" box="[298,423,506,528]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cisalpinus">E. cisalpinus</taxonomicName>
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ranging from 101 – 115 scales and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[771,855,506,528]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucius">E. lucius</taxonomicName>
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generally from 125 – 148 scales
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<superScript attach="right" box="[1183,1217,504,519]" fontSize="6" pageId="129" pageNumber="132">[153]</superScript>
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.
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<figureCitation box="[114,208,538,560]" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="129.[115,173,1950,1967]" captionTargetBox="[117,1217,1250,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-539@129.[111,1220,1245,1907]" captionTargetPageId="129" captionText="Figure 43: Comparison between the appearance of Esox lucius and Esox cisalpinus in lakes north (black text) and south (white text) of the Alps. Fish in each column are shown approximately to scale relative to each other.The two largest specimens display characteristic patterns for the two species respectively. * indicates that the species identity is based on genetic barcoding." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5779663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5779663/files/figure.png" pageId="129" pageNumber="132">Figure 43</figureCitation>
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shows the phenotypic variability of
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<taxonomicName box="[563,612,539,560]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Esox</taxonomicName>
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caught in Projet Lac. Indeed, all very large
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1035,1118,538,560]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucius">E. lucius</taxonomicName>
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(>
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<quantity box="[1150,1211,538,560]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
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) exhibited the round-spotted pattern. Intermediate-sized adults were more variable, for example the fish from Lake Walen with stripes and spots arranged in diagonal bars. Multiple round-spotted phenotypes, matchingEsox
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[113,174,634,656]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucius">lucius</taxonomicName>
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, were also recorded in Projet Lac in some southern lakes (Maggiore and Lugano), corresponding with previous reports of the northern species in these lakes as a result of stocking
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<superScript attach="right" box="[853,886,664,679]" fontSize="6" pageId="129" pageNumber="132">[153]</superScript>
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. Among the DNA-barcoded
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<taxonomicName box="[1168,1217,667,688]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Esox</taxonomicName>
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from the southern lakes, one fish from Lugano was genetically identified as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[893,979,698,720]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucius">E. lucius</taxonomicName>
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(corresponding with its northern phenotype;
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<figureCitation box="[326,420,730,752]" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="129.[115,173,1950,1967]" captionTargetBox="[117,1217,1250,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-539@129.[111,1220,1245,1907]" captionTargetPageId="129" captionText="Figure 43: Comparison between the appearance of Esox lucius and Esox cisalpinus in lakes north (black text) and south (white text) of the Alps. Fish in each column are shown approximately to scale relative to each other.The two largest specimens display characteristic patterns for the two species respectively. * indicates that the species identity is based on genetic barcoding." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5779663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5779663/files/figure.png" pageId="129" pageNumber="132">Figure 43</figureCitation>
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). All other pike from the southern lakes were
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bianco & Delmastro" authorityYear="2011" box="[877,1002,730,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cisalpinus">E. cisalpinus</taxonomicName>
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in their mitochondrial sequence (5 from Lugano, 3 from Maggiore, 3 from Garda, 1 from Como, 1 from Mezzola), despite some having the northern, round-spot pattern (
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<figureCitation box="[484,578,794,816]" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="129.[115,173,1950,1967]" captionTargetBox="[117,1217,1250,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-539@129.[111,1220,1245,1907]" captionTargetPageId="129" captionText="Figure 43: Comparison between the appearance of Esox lucius and Esox cisalpinus in lakes north (black text) and south (white text) of the Alps. Fish in each column are shown approximately to scale relative to each other.The two largest specimens display characteristic patterns for the two species respectively. * indicates that the species identity is based on genetic barcoding." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5779663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5779663/files/figure.png" pageId="129" pageNumber="132">Figure 43</figureCitation>
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). Interbreeding between
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bianco & Delmastro" authorityYear="2011" box="[831,956,794,816]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cisalpinus">E. cisalpinus</taxonomicName>
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and stocked
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1087,1170,794,816]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="129" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucius">E. lucius</taxonomicName>
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may have caused this disconnection between phenotype and mitochondrial genotype (barcode).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |