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<document id="D2A789DCC511776897DFE632EB6A5AE7" ID-CLB-Dataset="39269" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a5c2246-b30c-462f-aed3-f96d8c472953" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="241598" ID-ZooBank="BA3DD6C8-38B0-4EE0-80B4-C316E814C3D1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461357997954" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cordeiro, Ralf T. S., Castro, Clovis B. &amp; Pérez, Carlos D." docDate="2015" docId="038887EF9C0CFF931F84FE4EB481FE85" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04058p100.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4058 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Radicipes kopelatos Cordeiro, Castro &amp; Pérez, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="96" masterDocId="FFB1FF979C01FF9C1F13FFC4B031FFDB" masterDocTitle="Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="94" updateTime="1698661602531" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="560B486AA17F128C7983856BBFFB13D5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C69A10BB7BFFF32B5C06BAA73D43C07B">
<mods:title id="33219FCFD2FA09DF38783765E36224BF">Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="866238AFB4F1056DA3864350C7481945" type="personal">
<mods:role id="03B0EB08CA878C39F9237D339EAB687C">
<mods:roleTerm id="0B46AE783794A2297BEA6029B6437159">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1246012E3A1C2F7BE8E043C4EEF91946">Cordeiro, Ralf T. S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8D882AC5937CF920C754E43D17D0771C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="89ABBE6A5543FFB52BDF5DD91BB24934">
<mods:roleTerm id="CE0479C9A0652628BCE6ED178373B8E5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B361285142D235968608B365BDA1260A">Castro, Clovis B.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4AC5C4ADE49AD0028F5D36557705B54D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0B8CACAEA32FA7E03C894D9C0FE6245C">
<mods:roleTerm id="03915DE48E615EA92EDCBA60E36EF753">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6F5CDBA8782DC0DCC526B091A7C56AEB">Pérez, Carlos D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B3639168ED82B2315AEF314AA6C0B741">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="EAE13E53FB7D00DB182F338DF040174C" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="A3DE39DB99E2832179C33ECAF095B94C">
<mods:title id="EB562A9B30B056B0BA3448FF068634CD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="7FB11B88B42FD558E9906067CDCF6304">
<mods:date id="DAE3B59D3FCFD737D269E70ED43A7EA6">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C8F4464AEDA6266EC137ECB758A4407F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="6ACC2561E5879CDEE2BB81DB848D4665">4058</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D870FF5643E240A13514B4D24A06724D" type="issue">
<mods:number id="111C82F485EBD82BF6A24855B12817A6">1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="8AE4F3EE9DCBDB43150218E1E953BD32" unit="page">
<mods:start id="7EC12DEAAEC55A525D9B94C5E3EDF20C">81</mods:start>
<mods:end id="013AB5EFB69471A8189BA0CF97633498">100</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="13169246167D22C24660C1EC4A903279">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="18AFC34C03C8F9A0EEA16A2471E8B8D7" type="CLB-Dataset">39269</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="91EC61BE649BB8C4CFD3D5D3B8F98494" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7FF199698376626C44A4FC00CC1FC232" type="GBIF-Dataset">0a5c2246-b30c-462f-aed3-f96d8c472953</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A100F16C50CD5A0F6492B3355787758A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8E2F95579F66053F3BD6523A79D7319E" type="Zenodo-Dep">241598</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D1E29CDEE594476E7650C2939A1D8118" type="ZooBank">BA3DD6C8-38B0-4EE0-80B4-C316E814C3D1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="038887EF9C0CFF931F84FE4EB481FE85" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5626200" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119647613" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5626200" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038887EF9C0CFF931F84FE4EB481FE85" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887EF9C0CFF931F84FE4EB481FE85" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
<subSubSection id="C33B65729C0CFF911F84FE4EB10FFE1D" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0CFF911F84FE4EB1DBFE7F" blockId="13.[151,490,394,454]" box="[151,490,394,420]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
<heading id="D0D681959C0CFF911F84FE4EB1DBFE7F" bold="true" box="[151,490,394,420]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0CFF911F84FE4EB1DBFE7F" bold="true" box="[151,490,394,420]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0CFF911F84FE4EB1B4FE7F" ID-CoL="4R946" box="[151,389,394,420]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kopelatos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0CFF911F84FE4EB1B4FE7F" bold="true" box="[151,389,394,420]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Radicipes kopelatos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657909C0CFF911E9FFE4EB1DBFE7F" box="[396,490,394,420]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0CFF911F84FE68B10FFE1D" blockId="13.[151,490,394,454]" box="[151,318,428,454]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
(
<figureCitation id="131A2A7C9C0CFF911F8CFE68B0D4FE1D" box="[159,229,428,454]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[292,1294,265,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[292,1295,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Deep-water Chrysogorgiidae from Brazil. A: holotype of Chrysogorgia upsilonia sp. nov. (MNRJ 6016); B: holotype of Chrysogorgia tuberculata sp. nov. (MNRJ 8565); C: Chrysogorgia multiflora Deichmann, 1936 (MOUFPE-CNI 147); D: Paratype of Chrysogorgia upsilonia (MNRJ 6016); E: juvenile colony of Chrysogorgia fewkesi Verrill, 1883 (MNRJ 6703); F: adult colony of C. fewkesi (MOUFPE-CNI 148); G: Chrysogorgia elegans (MNRJ 6785); H: holotype of Radicipes kopelatos sp. nov. (MNRJ 8566). Scale bars: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241600/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
H, 8, 9)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B65729C0CFF911F84FE36B282FDF0" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0CFF911F84FE36B282FDF0" blockId="13.[151,691,498,555]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3111D79C0CFF911F84FE36B282FDF0" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0CFF911F84FE36B0CAFDD3" ID-CoL="84T4S" box="[151,251,498,520]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0CFF911F84FE36B0CAFDD3" box="[151,251,498,520]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Radicipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.1:
<treatmentCitation id="0A8010E89C0CFF911E2BFE36B215FDD3" author="Castro" box="[312,548,498,520]" page="170" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B089C0CFF911E2BFE36B1C4FDD3" author="Castro" box="[312,501,498,520]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" refString="Castro, C. B., Pires, D. O., Medeiros, M. S., Loiola, L. L., Arantes, R. C. M., Thiago, C. M. &amp; Berman, E. (2006) Filo Cnidaria. Corais. In: Lavrado, H. P. &amp; Ignacio, B. L. (Eds.), Biodiversidade bentonica da regiao central da Zona Economica Exclusiva brasileira. Serie Livros n. 18. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 147 - 192." type="book chapter" year="2006">Castro et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 170
</treatmentCitation>
(listed only).
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0CFF911F84FDD1B0CAFDF0" ID-CoL="84T4S" box="[151,251,533,555]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0CFF911F84FDD1B0CAFDF0" box="[151,251,533,555]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Radicipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2:
<treatmentCitation id="0A8010E89C0CFF911E2DFDD1B21BFDF0" author="Castro" box="[318,554,533,555]" page="170" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B089C0CFF911E2DFDD1B1CBFDF0" author="Castro" box="[318,506,533,555]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" refString="Castro, C. B., Pires, D. O., Medeiros, M. S., Loiola, L. L., Arantes, R. C. M., Thiago, C. M. &amp; Berman, E. (2006) Filo Cnidaria. Corais. In: Lavrado, H. P. &amp; Ignacio, B. L. (Eds.), Biodiversidade bentonica da regiao central da Zona Economica Exclusiva brasileira. Serie Livros n. 18. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 147 - 192." type="book chapter" year="2006">Castro et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 170
</treatmentCitation>
(listed only).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B65729C0CFF911F84FD9EB1F5FD63" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0CFF911F84FD9EB3B0FDA9" blockId="13.[151,1437,602,2014]" box="[151,897,602,627]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0CFF911F84FD9EB13CFDA8" bold="true" box="[151,269,602,627]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
<typeStatus id="549A885B9C0CFF911F84FD9EB139FDA8" box="[151,264,602,627]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED30AE3C9C0CFF911E07FD9FB16EFDA9" box="[276,351,603,626]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">MNRJ</collectionCode>
8566,
<geoCoordinate id="EE15503E9C0CFF911EBFFD9FB203FDA8" box="[428,562,603,627]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" precision="15" value="-21.81361">21°48’49”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE15503E9C0CFF911D2DFD9EB2FCFDA8" box="[574,717,602,627]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" precision="15" value="-40.031387">40°01’53”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0CFF911DCAFD9EB3B0FDA9" box="[729,897,602,627]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.055999999999999" metricValueMax="6.188" metricValueMin="5.9239999999999995" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" unit="m" value="605.5999999999999" valueMax="618.8" valueMin="592.4">592.4–618.8 m</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0CFF911FD4FDB9B1F5FD63" blockId="13.[151,1437,602,2014]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0CFF911FD4FDB9B179FD4D" bold="true" box="[199,328,637,662]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
<typeStatus id="549A885B9C0CFF911FD4FDB9B172FD4D" box="[199,323,637,662]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED30AE3C9C0CFF911E43FDBAB1AAFD4E" box="[336,411,638,661]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">MNRJ</collectionCode>
5968,
<geoCoordinate id="EE15503E9C0CFF911EFAFDBAB241FD4D" box="[489,624,638,662]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" precision="15" value="-13.371389">13°22’17”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE15503E9C0CFF911D6EFDB9B33DFD4D" box="[637,780,637,662]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" precision="15" value="-38.615555">38°36’56”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0CFF911C0BFDB9B351FD4E" box="[792,864,637,662]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
(3 colonies);
<collectionCode id="ED30AE3C9C0CFF911CEEFDBAB479FD4E" box="[1021,1096,638,661]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">MNRJ</collectionCode>
4361, same collection data of the
<typeStatus id="549A885B9C0CFF911FD3FD5BB113FD63" box="[192,290,671,696]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(55 colonies).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B65729C0CFF911FD4FD06B4E7FC53" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0CFF911FD4FD06B4E7FC53" blockId="13.[151,1437,602,2014]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0CFF911FD4FD06B172FD00" bold="true" box="[199,323,706,731]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0CFF911E5DFD06B18DFD00" box="[334,444,706,731]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0CFF911E5DFD06B18DFD00" box="[334,444,706,731]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Radicipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with malleable colonies clockwise or counterclockwise spiraled in an upward trend. Axis with iridescent aspect and calcareous rhizoidal holdfast. Slender coenenchyme, easily detachable from axis. Uniserial line of polyps with basal portion appressed to axis and an obliquous distal portion oriented upward. Polyps to
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0CFF911E18FCEEB152FC99" box="[267,355,810,835]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
long. Polypar distances 1.0–4.00 mm. Body wall and coenenchyme of polypar line with rods, sometimes flattened, usually with flattened ends, longitudinally arranged. Coenenchymal flattened scales with median waist equally abundant. Sclerites in abpolypar face rare or absent, except on polyp bases.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B65729C0CFF911FD4FC56B171FA0D" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0CFF911FD4FC56B525FAF3" blockId="13.[151,1437,602,2014]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0CFF911FD4FC56B223FC70" bold="true" box="[199,530,914,939]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="549A885B9C0CFF911EB1FC56B23CFC70" box="[418,525,914,939]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Colony whip-like, malleable, unbranched, white, with counterclockwise spiraled upward trend, approximately
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0CFF911EFAFC72B201FC16" box="[489,560,950,974]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" unit="cm" value="28.0">28 cm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="131A2A7C9C0CFF911D6EFC71B2F2FC15" box="[637,707,949,974]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[292,1294,265,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[292,1295,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Deep-water Chrysogorgiidae from Brazil. A: holotype of Chrysogorgia upsilonia sp. nov. (MNRJ 6016); B: holotype of Chrysogorgia tuberculata sp. nov. (MNRJ 8565); C: Chrysogorgia multiflora Deichmann, 1936 (MOUFPE-CNI 147); D: Paratype of Chrysogorgia upsilonia (MNRJ 6016); E: juvenile colony of Chrysogorgia fewkesi Verrill, 1883 (MNRJ 6703); F: adult colony of C. fewkesi (MOUFPE-CNI 148); G: Chrysogorgia elegans (MNRJ 6785); H: holotype of Radicipes kopelatos sp. nov. (MNRJ 8566). Scale bars: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241600/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
H). Axis with iridescent aspect, 0.7–1.0 mm diameter, rhizoidal holdfast with 5 main projections, each to
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0CFF911D79FC13B2F0FC34" box="[618,705,983,1008]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="5.7">5.7 mm</quantity>
long. Slender coenenchyme, easily detachable from axis. Polyps with basal portion appressed to axis and oblique distal portion
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0CFF911C95FC3FB423FBC9" box="[902,1042,1019,1043]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="0.8">0.8–3.3 mm</quantity>
long, upward oriented (
<figureCitation id="131A2A7C9C0CFF911A21FC3EB548FBC8" box="[1330,1401,1018,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[328,1258,403,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[328,1258,403,1922]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Sclerites of Radicipes kopelatos sp. nov. (MNRJ 8566, holotype). A, C: rods from polyp body wall and coenenchyme, respectively; B: tentacular scales; D: scales from polyp adaxial side; E, F: coenenchymal flattened scales with median waist. Scale bars: A – E: 0.19 mm; F: 0.70 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241606/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
B), arranged in single longitudinal row along entire colony (uniserial), delimiting one polypar and another abpolypar face, the former usually facing inner part of colony spiral. Inter-polypar distances
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0CFF911B35FBFBB4FDFB8C" box="[1062,1228,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="1.5">1.50–3.40 mm</quantity>
. Density of polyps 2–4 per centimeter. Body wall (
<figureCitation id="131A2A7C9C0CFF911EE8FBA6B20CFBA0" box="[507,573,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[328,1258,403,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[328,1258,403,1922]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Sclerites of Radicipes kopelatos sp. nov. (MNRJ 8566, holotype). A, C: rods from polyp body wall and coenenchyme, respectively; B: tentacular scales; D: scales from polyp adaxial side; E, F: coenenchymal flattened scales with median waist. Scale bars: A – E: 0.19 mm; F: 0.70 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241606/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A) and coenenchyme of polypar line (
<figureCitation id="131A2A7C9C0CFF911CF9FBA6B41DFBA0" box="[1002,1068,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[328,1258,403,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[328,1258,403,1922]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Sclerites of Radicipes kopelatos sp. nov. (MNRJ 8566, holotype). A, C: rods from polyp body wall and coenenchyme, respectively; B: tentacular scales; D: scales from polyp adaxial side; E, F: coenenchymal flattened scales with median waist. Scale bars: A – E: 0.19 mm; F: 0.70 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241606/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
C) with finely tuberculated rods, sometimes flattened, usually with flattened ends, longitudinally arranged and sometimes sparse,
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0CFF911BE5FB41B5ACFB46" box="[1270,1437,1157,1182]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="0.38" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.16">0.16–0.60 mm</quantity>
long. Coenenchymal flattened scales with median waist equally abundant,
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0CFF911CF1FB63B4B7FB64" box="[994,1158,1191,1216]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="0.2" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.15">0.15–0.25 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="131A2A7C9C0CFF911BDCFB63B523FB1B" box="[1231,1298,1191,1216]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[328,1258,403,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[328,1258,403,1922]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Sclerites of Radicipes kopelatos sp. nov. (MNRJ 8566, holotype). A, C: rods from polyp body wall and coenenchyme, respectively; B: tentacular scales; D: scales from polyp adaxial side; E, F: coenenchymal flattened scales with median waist. Scale bars: A – E: 0.19 mm; F: 0.70 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241606/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
E). Sclerites in abpolypar face rare or absent except on polyp bases. Adaxial and basal portion of polyps frequently filled with waisted scales similar to those of coenenchyme, slightly smaller than the spindles,
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0CFF911B56FB2AB4DBFADE" box="[1093,1258,1262,1286]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="0.14" valueMax="0.18" valueMin="0.1">0.10–0.18 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="131A2A7C9C0CFF911A27FB29B549FADD" box="[1332,1400,1261,1286]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[328,1258,403,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[328,1258,403,1922]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Sclerites of Radicipes kopelatos sp. nov. (MNRJ 8566, holotype). A, C: rods from polyp body wall and coenenchyme, respectively; B: tentacular scales; D: scales from polyp adaxial side; E, F: coenenchymal flattened scales with median waist. Scale bars: A – E: 0.19 mm; F: 0.70 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241606/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
D). Scales of tentacles striated and ornamented with sparse, small tubercles,
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0CFF911CD7FAD4B456FAFC" box="[964,1127,1296,1320]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="0.1" valueMax="0.12" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.12 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="131A2A7C9C0CFF911BBCFACBB4C0FAF3" box="[1199,1265,1295,1320]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[328,1258,403,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[328,1258,403,1922]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Sclerites of Radicipes kopelatos sp. nov. (MNRJ 8566, holotype). A, C: rods from polyp body wall and coenenchyme, respectively; B: tentacular scales; D: scales from polyp adaxial side; E, F: coenenchymal flattened scales with median waist. Scale bars: A – E: 0.19 mm; F: 0.70 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241606/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0CFF911FD4FAF6B171FA0D" blockId="13.[151,1437,602,2014]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0CFF911FD4FAF6B1DCFA90" bold="true" box="[199,493,1330,1355]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
Variability of
<typeStatus id="549A885B9C0CFF911E7DFAF6B1D8FA90" box="[366,489,1330,1355]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Colonies white or yellowish, also clockwise spiraled in an upward trend (
<figureCitation id="131A2A7C9C0CFF911A27FAF6B546FA90" box="[1332,1399,1330,1355]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1488,1510]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1465]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1435,193,1467]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. General features in paratypes of Radicipes kopelatos sp. nov. (MNRJ 4361). A: a clockwise spiraled colony; B: detail of a polyp; C: root like calcareous holdfast. Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241607/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A), to
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0CFF911FA5FA91B0CCFAB6" box="[182,253,1365,1390]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" unit="cm" value="58.0">58 cm</quantity>
long, with smooth, white, root-like and calcareous holdfast, typical for attaching on soft bottoms (
<figureCitation id="131A2A7C9C0CFF911A7CFA91B097FA4B" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1488,1510]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1465]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1435,193,1467]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. General features in paratypes of Radicipes kopelatos sp. nov. (MNRJ 4361). A: a clockwise spiraled colony; B: detail of a polyp; C: root like calcareous holdfast. Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241607/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
C). Polyps
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0CFF911E37FAB3B19DFA54" box="[292,428,1399,1424]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="0.8">0.8–3.5 mm</quantity>
long. Polypar distances 1.0–4.00 mm. Density of polyps usually decreasing in base-apex direction, with up to 5 polyps per centimeter on the proximal 2/3 of the colony and 4–3 polyps per centimeter on the distal third.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B65729C0CFF931FD4FA1BB419FF2D" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0CFF911FD4FA1BB150F958" blockId="13.[151,1437,602,2014]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0CFF911FD4FA1BB10CFA23" bold="true" box="[199,317,1503,1528]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0CFF911E56FA1BB185FA23" box="[325,436,1503,1528]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0CFF911E56FA1BB185FA23" box="[325,436,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Radicipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a monophyletic genus (Pante et al., 2012), but it probably is the one with the poorest descriptions in terms of morphological characteristics within
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0CFF911C63F9C6B41BF9C0" box="[880,1066,1538,1563]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Chrysogorgiidae</taxonomicName>
and a review of its species is imperative.
<collectingCountry id="F33676699C0CFF911E33F9E2B10EF9E5" box="[288,319,1574,1598]" name="American Samoa" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">As</collectingCountry>
in other groups within the
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0CFF911D90F9E1B371F9E5" box="[643,832,1573,1598]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Chrysogorgiidae</taxonomicName>
, the sclerite forms in
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0CFF911B51F9E1B481F9E5" box="[1090,1200,1573,1598]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0CFF911B51F9E1B481F9E5" box="[1090,1200,1573,1598]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Radicipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have little variation (usually rods and scales). The main distinction between species is the distribution of these sclerites throughout the colony and polyp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0CFF921FD4F949B271FDBB" blockId="13.[151,1437,602,2014]" lastBlockId="14.[119,1860,555,608]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
There are no recent reviews on the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0CFF911DA7F949B313F97D" box="[692,802,1677,1702]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0CFF911DA7F949B313F97D" box="[692,802,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Radicipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Atlantic. The two last works that present some discussion of the genus were given by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B089C0CFF911D58F96BB32FF913" author="Deichmann" box="[587,798,1711,1736]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" refString="Deichmann, E. (1936) The Alcyonaria of the Western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 53, 253 - 308." type="journal article" year="1936">Deichmann (1936)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B089C0CFF911C46F96BB432F913" author="Madsen" box="[853,1027,1711,1736]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1944) Octocorallia. Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 5 (13), 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1944">Madsen (1944)</bibRefCitation>
. The former includes the analysis of only one specimen, identified by the author as
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0CFF911DB7F910B328F930" box="[676,793,1746,1771]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0CFF911DB7F910B328F930" box="[676,793,1746,1771]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">R. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B089C0CFF911C3BF916B3CCF930" author="Deichmann" box="[808,1021,1746,1771]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" refString="Deichmann, E. (1936) The Alcyonaria of the Western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 53, 253 - 308." type="journal article" year="1936">Deichmann (1936)</bibRefCitation>
, however, provides only information already given in the species description by Verrill (1922), not mentioning well-established characteristics in previous taxonomic keys and leaving aside even length measurements of polyps; an important taxonomic character of the group—see
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B089C0CFF911E69F8FEB270F888" author="Kukenthal" box="[378,577,1850,1875]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Tiefsee-Expedition Valdivia, 13 (2), 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal (1919</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B089C0CFF911D40F8FFB2BEF888" author="Kukenthal" box="[595,655,1851,1875]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1924) Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich, 47, 1 - 478." type="journal article" year="1924">1924</bibRefCitation>
). The study published by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B089C0CFF911CC3F8FEB4B0F888" author="Madsen" box="[976,1153,1850,1875]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1944) Octocorallia. Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 5 (13), 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1944">Madsen (1944)</bibRefCitation>
has the most complete descriptions and illustrations about the genus, but unfortunately includes only Atlantic species. Several important features raised by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B089C0CFF911E7BF8BBB222F843" author="Madsen" box="[360,531,1919,1944]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1944) Octocorallia. Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 5 (13), 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1944">Madsen (1944)</bibRefCitation>
distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0CFF911D8CF8BBB3B0F843" box="[671,897,1919,1944]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kopelatos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0CFF911D8CF8BBB3B0F843" box="[671,897,1919,1944]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Radicipes kopelatos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657909C0CFF911C99F845B3D3F843" box="[906,994,1921,1944]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from other Atlantic species.
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0CFF911A3EF8BBB126F860" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="challengeri">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0CFF911A3EF8BBB126F860" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Radicipes challengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has practically no sclerites between the zooids, with spaces of up to
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between coenenchymal sclerites. In
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0CFF911E31F801B29CF805" authority="Madsen (1944)" authorityName="Madsen" authorityYear="1944" box="[290,685,1989,2014]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0CFF911E31F801B1C3F805" box="[290,498,1989,2014]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Radicipes gracilis</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B089C0CFF911D13F801B29CF805" author="Madsen" box="[512,685,1989,2014]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1944) Octocorallia. Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 5 (13), 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1944">Madsen (1944)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
describes that the coenenchyme is almost all filled with 8-shaped
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0FFF921F64FD8DB0DFFDBB" box="[119,238,585,608]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="challengeri">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0FFF921F64FD8DB0DFFDBB" box="[119,238,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">challengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0FFF921E32FD8DB1BFFDBB" box="[289,398,585,608]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0FFF921E32FD8DB1BFFDBB" box="[289,398,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">R. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.?Unknown data
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5E66719C0FFF921F64FDEFB775FD99" ID-Table-UUID="DF5E66719C0FFF921F64FDEFB775FD99" box="[119,1860,555,578]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5E66719C0FFF921F64FDEFB775FD99" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" targetBox="[119,1894,616,1642]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0FFF921F64FDEFB775FD99" blockId="14.[119,1860,555,608]" box="[119,1860,555,578]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0FFF921F64FDEFB0D2FD99" bold="true" box="[119,227,555,578]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">TABLE 2</emphasis>
. Comparison of morphological and distributional characters of valid species of
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0FFF921B35FDEFB4BCFD99" box="[1062,1165,555,578]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0FFF921B35FDEFB4BCFD99" box="[1062,1165,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Radicipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, according to their original descriptions and Madsen (1944) for R.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0FFF921F64FDADB725F9D4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<table id="F921C4599C0F00631F64FDACB757F9B1" box="[119,1894,616,1642]" gridcols="9" gridrows="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<tr id="351134BB9C0F00631F64FDACB757FD60" box="[119,1894,616,699]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<th id="76C05DC79C0F00631F64FDACB120FD60" box="[119,273,616,699]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0FFF921F64FDADB0F9FD45" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Characters/ Species</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C05DC79C0F00631E28FDACB1F7FD60" box="[315,454,616,699]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0FFF921E28FDACB1BCFD46" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0FFF921E28FDACB18DFDA4" box="[315,444,616,639]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kopelatos" status="sp. nov.">R. kopelatos</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657909C0FFF921E28FD42B1BCFD46" box="[315,397,646,669]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C05DC79C0F00631EF0FDACB285FD60" box="[483,692,616,699]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0FFF921EF0FDACB240FD46" authority="Stearns, 1883" authorityName="Stearns" authorityYear="1883" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pleurocristatus">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0FFF921EF0FDACB2AFFDA4" box="[483,670,616,639]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">R. pleurocristatus</emphasis>
Stearns, 1883
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76C05DC79C0F00631DC2FDACB340FD60" box="[721,881,616,699]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0FFF921DC2FDACB35EFD46" authority="(Wright, 1885)" authorityName="Wright" authorityYear="1885" baseAuthorityName="Wright" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verrilli">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0FFF921DC2FDACB307FDA4" box="[721,822,616,639]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">R. verrilli</emphasis>
(Wright, 1885)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76C05DC79C0F00631C9EFDACB495FD60" box="[909,1188,616,699]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0FFF921C9EFDACB495FDA4" authority="Kukenthal, 1919" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1919" box="[909,1188,616,639]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aureus">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0FFF921C9EFDACB3C0FDA4" box="[909,1009,616,639]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">R. aureus</emphasis>
Kükenthal, 1919
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76C05DC79C0F00631BACFDACB551FD60" box="[1215,1376,616,699]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0FFF921BACFDACB56CFD46" authority="(Wright, 1885)" authorityName="Wright" authorityYear="1885" baseAuthorityName="Wright" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="challengeri">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0FFF921BACFDACB562FDA4" box="[1215,1363,616,639]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">R. challengeri</emphasis>
(Wright, 1885)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76C05DC79C0F00631A68FDACB628FD60" box="[1403,1561,616,699]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0FFF921A68FDACB625FD46" authority="(Verrill, 1884)" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1884" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0FFF921A68FDACB5D9FDA4" box="[1403,1512,616,639]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">R. gracilis</emphasis>
(Verrill, 1884)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76C05DC79C0F0063192BFDACB692FD60" box="[1592,1699,616,699]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0FFF92192BFDACB645FD60" authority="(Nutting, 1908)" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0FFF92192BFDACB692FDA4" box="[1592,1699,616,639]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">R. spiralis</emphasis>
(Nutting, 1908)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76C05DC79C0F006319D6FDACB757FD60" box="[1733,1894,616,699]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0FFF9219D6FDACB762FD60" authority="Wright &amp; Studer, 1889" authorityName="Wright &amp; Studer" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0FFF9219D6FDACB71CFDA4" box="[1733,1837,616,639]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">R. fragilis</emphasis>
(Wright &amp; Studer, 1889)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351134BB9C0F00631F64FD07B757FD00" box="[119,1894,707,731]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<th id="76C05DC79C0F00631F64FD07B120FD00" box="[119,273,707,731]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Polypar length</th>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631E28FD07B1F7FD00" box="[315,454,707,731]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.8–3.3 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631EF0FD07B285FD00" box="[483,692,707,731]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">7.0 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631DC2FD07B340FD00" box="[721,881,707,731]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">3.5 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631C9EFD07B495FD00" box="[909,1188,707,731]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">5.0 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631BACFD07B551FD00" box="[1215,1376,707,731]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">2.5–8.0 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631A68FD07B628FD00" box="[1403,1561,707,731]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">5.0–10 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F0063192BFD07B692FD00" box="[1592,1699,707,731]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">1.5 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F006319D6FD07B757FD00" box="[1733,1894,707,731]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">4.0–4.5 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351134BB9C0F00631F64FD27B757FCA9" box="[119,1894,739,882]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<th id="76C05DC79C0F00631F64FD27B120FCA9" box="[119,273,739,882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Shape of the coenenchymal sclerites</th>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631E28FD27B1F7FCA9" box="[315,454,739,882]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Rods with flattened ends and scales with median waist</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631EF0FD27B285FCA9" box="[483,692,739,882]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Oblong with irregular margin</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631DC2FD27B340FCA9" box="[721,881,739,882]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Flat, wrinkled with pointed or rounded ends</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631C9EFD27B495FCA9" box="[909,1188,739,882]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Plate (scales?)</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631BACFD27B551FCA9" box="[1215,1376,739,882]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Biscuit (8-shaped), scale-like</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631A68FD27B628FCA9" box="[1403,1561,739,882]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Oblong, scale-like, median waist</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F0063192BFD27B692FCA9" box="[1592,1699,739,882]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">-</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F006319D6FD27B757FCA9" box="[1733,1894,739,882]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Rare or absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351134BB9C0F00631F64FCBEB757FC15" box="[119,1894,890,974]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<th id="76C05DC79C0F00631F64FCBEB120FC15" box="[119,273,890,974]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Length of polypar sclerites</th>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631E28FCBEB1F7FC15" box="[315,454,890,974]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.16–0.60 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631EF0FCBEB285FC15" box="[483,692,890,974]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">4.0 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631DC2FCBEB340FC15" box="[721,881,890,974]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">2.0 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631C9EFCBEB495FC15" box="[909,1188,890,974]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">1.3 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631BACFCBEB551FC15" box="[1215,1376,890,974]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.17–0.4 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631A68FCBEB628FC15" box="[1403,1561,890,974]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.3–0.5 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F0063192BFCBEB692FC15" box="[1592,1699,890,974]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">-</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F006319D6FCBEB757FC15" box="[1733,1894,890,974]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.76 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351134BB9C0F00631F64FC12B757FBF2" box="[119,1894,982,1065]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<th id="76C05DC79C0F00631F64FC12B120FBF2" box="[119,273,982,1065]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Length of tentacular sclerites</th>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631E28FC12B1F7FBF2" box="[315,454,982,1065]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.8–0.12 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631EF0FC12B285FBF2" box="[483,692,982,1065]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.9 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631DC2FC12B340FBF2" box="[721,881,982,1065]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">?</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631C9EFC12B495FBF2" box="[909,1188,982,1065]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.1 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631BACFC12B551FBF2" box="[1215,1376,982,1065]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.12–0.25 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631A68FC12B628FBF2" box="[1403,1561,982,1065]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.1–0.2 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F0063192BFC12B692FBF2" box="[1592,1699,982,1065]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">-</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F006319D6FC12B757FBF2" box="[1733,1894,982,1065]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">?</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351134BB9C0F00631F64FBF5B757FB19" box="[119,1894,1073,1218]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<th id="76C05DC79C0F00631F64FBF5B120FB19" box="[119,273,1073,1218]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Length of coenenchymal sclerites Interpolypar distances</th>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631E28FBF5B1F7FB19" box="[315,454,1073,1218]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.16–0.60 mm 1.5–3.6 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631EF0FBF5B285FB19" box="[483,692,1073,1218]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.8 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631DC2FBF5B340FB19" box="[721,881,1073,1218]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.5 mm 2.0–5.0 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631C9EFBF5B495FB19" box="[909,1188,1073,1218]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.36 mm 5.0 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631BACFBF5B551FB19" box="[1215,1376,1073,1218]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.12–0.25mm 4.0–5.0 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631A68FBF5B628FB19" box="[1403,1561,1073,1218]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.13–0.30 mm 5.0–10.0 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F0063192BFBF5B692FB19" box="[1592,1699,1073,1218]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">- 3.5 mm</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F006319D6FBF5B757FB19" box="[1733,1894,1073,1218]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">? 1.0–5.0 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351134BB9C0F00631F64FB0EB757FB24" box="[119,1894,1226,1279]" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<th id="76C05DC79C0F00631F64FB0EB120FB24" box="[119,273,1226,1279]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Others distinctive</th>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631E28FB0EB1F7FB24" box="[315,454,1226,1279]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Colony with one polypar</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631EF0FB0EB285FB24" box="[483,692,1226,1279]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Naked lateral wall</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631DC2FB0EB340FB24" box="[721,881,1226,1279]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Translucent axis</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631C9EFB0EB495FB24" box="[909,1188,1226,1279]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Spiral axis, squared near the base, polyps not</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631BACFB0EB551FB24" box="[1215,1376,1226,1279]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Few coenenchymal</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631A68FB0EB628FB24" box="[1403,1561,1226,1279]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Rigid stem, scales with</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F0063192BFB0EB692FB24" box="[1592,1699,1226,1279]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Sclerites absent</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F006319D6FB0EB757FB24" box="[1733,1894,1226,1279]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Flattened spindles in the</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351134BB9C0F00631F64FAC3B757F9B1" box="[119,1894,1287,1642]" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
<th id="76C05DC79C0F00631F64FAC3B120F9B1" box="[119,273,1287,1642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">characters Distribution</th>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631E28FAC3B1F7F9B1" box="[315,454,1287,1642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">face with sclerites and naked abpolypar face Brazil, 592– 750 m</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631EF0FAC3B285F9B1" box="[483,692,1287,1642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Japan and the Malay Archipelago, abyssal</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631DC2FAC3B340F9B1" box="[721,881,1287,1642]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Japan and the Malay Archipelago, Andaman, abyssal,1034 m.</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631C9EFAC3B495F9B1" box="[909,1188,1287,1642]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">appressed (45°), basal sclerites transversely arranged Indian Ocean (West Equatorial Africa), 1644 m</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631BACFAC3B551F9B1" box="[1215,1376,1287,1642]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">sclerites, scales as polypar sclerites Spain (Cadiz), 1080 m; Davis Strait, 2626 m; Off Iceland, 1717 m.</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F00631A68FAC3B628F9B1" box="[1403,1561,1287,1642]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">median waist as polypar sclerites North Atlantic (Coast of North America between 38°50’N and 62°57’N), 957–3120 m</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F0063192BFAC3B692F9B1" box="[1592,1699,1287,1642]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Hawai, 242–258 m</td>
<td id="76C05DC79C0F006319D6FAC3B757F9B1" box="[1733,1894,1287,1642]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">body wall West of Açores (38°25’N, 35°50’W), 3015 m</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0EFF931F84FF53B34EFF08" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,350]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">
scales, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0EFF931E5EFF5DB1E8FF6B" box="[333,473,151,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kopelatos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0EFF931E5EFF5DB1E8FF6B" box="[333,473,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">R. kopelatos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657909C0EFF931EF1FF5CB20BFF74" box="[482,570,152,175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has rods equally abundant. Diagnostic features for all other valid species of the genus are compared to
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0EFF931ED7FF7EB294FF08" box="[452,677,186,211]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kopelatos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0EFF931ED7FF7EB294FF08" box="[452,677,186,211]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Radicipes kopelatos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657909C0EFF931DBFFF7FB333FF09" box="[684,770,187,210]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in
<tableCitation id="C6A303429C0EFF931C36FF7EB34AFF08" box="[805,891,186,211]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="14.[119,207,555,578]" captionTargetBox="[119,1894,616,1642]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of morphological and distributional characters of valid species of Radicipes, according to their original descriptions and Madsen (1944) for R." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5E66719C0FFF921F64FDEFB775FD99" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" tableUuid="DF5E66719C0FFF921F64FDEFB775FD99">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0EFF931FD4FF19B419FF2D" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,350]" box="[199,1064,221,246]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">
This is the first description of a species of
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0EFF931DB1FF19B321FF2D" box="[674,784,221,246]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0EFF931DB1FF19B321FF2D" box="[674,784,221,246]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Radicipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the South Atlantic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B65729C0EFF931FD4FF3BB206FEE0" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0EFF931FD4FF3BB206FEE0" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,350]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0EFF931FD4FF3BB179FEC3" bold="true" box="[199,328,255,280]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Etymology</emphasis>
: Greek
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0EFF931EB2FF3BB1E7FEC3" box="[417,470,255,280]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">kope</emphasis>
, f. oar;
<taxonomicName id="4C214D7A9C0EFF931D3FFF3BB2A9FEC3" box="[556,664,255,280]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kopelatos">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0EFF931D3FFF3BB2A9FEC3" box="[556,664,255,280]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">kopelatos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, like an oar (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B089C0EFF931C47FEC4B3D8FEC3" author="Brown" box="[852,1001,255,280]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" refString="Brown, R. W. (1956) Composition of Scientific Words. A manual of methods and a lexicon of material for the practice of logotechnics. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 882 pp." type="book" year="1956">Brown, 1956</bibRefCitation>
: 566); referring to the flattened ends of its coenenchymal rods. Gender male.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B65729C0EFF931FD4FE81B481FE85" box="[199,1200,325,350]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9E36F99C0EFF931FD4FE81B481FE85" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,350]" box="[199,1200,325,350]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B955EAEB9C0EFF931FD4FE81B153FE85" bold="true" box="[199,354,325,350]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Distribution:</emphasis>
Known only from the
<typeStatus id="549A885B9C0EFF931D71FE82B2A3FE85" box="[610,658,326,350]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">type</typeStatus>
locality, Southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F33676699C0EFF931C82FE81B3E9FE85" box="[913,984,325,350]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CD99B1C9C0EFF931CF7FE81B452FE86" box="[996,1123,325,350]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.709999999999999" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.92" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="671.0" valueMax="750.0" valueMin="592.0">592–750 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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