432 lines
64 KiB
XML
432 lines
64 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BC0222B336B4B64792CB133E52C8F213">Glaciambulata neumayeri gen. et sp. nov., a new Antarctic trachymedusa (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with a revision of the family Ptychogastriidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BF17DCC457AFE01DF8E2201C978AC2B6">Horia R. Galea</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="38DE8306F2B50B87F78114D8913CECCC">Cornelia Roder</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8BE775C2AA2BEE7A06D5893F1BC4963F">Christoph Walcher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CF42B35EAFA4C376887216C65325994A">Marco Warmuth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EFA07FD6AECEBE839894BDA5FB8E0021">Eberhard Kohlberg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0978513C1968CF45A862DEEB5A6E9D9B">Philipp F. Fischer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7C27812954312FFF61314B9F008642DC">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6669FDBA56B75639BAF48076F143FEBB">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3613434144DD41A250C4E8D704F911FE">252</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03EB879BFF83FFB3FDBC00DBFE3BE059" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628741" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127636792" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628741" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EB879BFF83FFB3FDBC00DBFE3BE059" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB879BFF83FFB3FDBC00DBFE3BE059" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="C3586506FF83FFB1FDBC00DBFC33E5E9" box="[628,959,1750,1776]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF83FFB1FDBC00DBFC33E5E9" blockId="16.[628,959,1750,1776]" box="[628,959,1750,1776]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="D0B581E1FF83FFB1FDBC00DBFC33E5E9" box="[628,959,1750,1776]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="4">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF83FFB1FD0F00DBFC33E5E9" ID-CoL="6JX7" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[711,959,1750,1776]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF83FFB1FD0F00DBFC83E5E9" bold="true" box="[711,783,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pectis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF83FFB1FCDE00DBFC33E5E9" author="Haeckel E." box="[790,959,1750,1776]" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fisher, Jena" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46856" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln. Gustav Fisher, Jena. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46856" title="Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3586506FF83FFB1FF750115FE3BE4A0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF83FFB1FF750115FC8EE42B" blockId="16.[189,770,1815,1877]" box="[189,770,1815,1842]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF83FFB1FF750115FE79E428" ID-CoL="6JX7" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 266" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="266" authorityYear="1879" box="[189,501,1815,1842]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF83FFB1FF750115FE89E428" box="[189,261,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pectis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF83FFB1FEC4011AFE36E42B" author="Haeckel E." box="[268,442,1815,1842]" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fisher, Jena" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46856" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln. Gustav Fisher, Jena. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46856" title="Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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: 266
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</taxonomicName>
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; 1881a: 12; 1881b: 14.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF83FFB1FF750136FD31E44C" blockId="16.[189,770,1815,1877]" box="[189,701,1851,1877]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF83FFB1FF750136FDBEE44C" ID-CoL="fa4da77d-aba5-418a-a4fb-0737c1e799b7" authority="Naumov, 1971: 13" authorityName="Naumov" authorityPageNumber="13" authorityYear="1971" box="[189,562,1851,1877]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF83FFB1FF750136FEDDE44D" box="[189,337,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Voragonema</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF83FFB1FE910136FD85E44C" author="Naumov D. V." box="[345,521,1851,1877]" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Okeanologii" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="9 - 17" refString="Naumov D. V. 1971. Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii 92: 9 - 17." title="Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench)" type="book chapter" year="1971">Naumov, 1971</bibRefCitation>
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: 13
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</taxonomicName>
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(syn. nov.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF83FFB1FF750170FE3BE4A0" blockId="16.[189,1399,1916,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF83FFB1FF750170FEDDE48F" ID-CoL="fa4da77d-aba5-418a-a4fb-0737c1e799b7" box="[189,337,1917,1942]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF83FFB1FF750170FEDDE48F" box="[189,337,1917,1942]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Voragonema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF83FFB1FEA60171FD04E48F" author="Bouillon J. & Boero F." box="[366,648,1916,1943]" journalOrPublisher="Thalassia Salentina" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="47 - 296" part="24" refString="Bouillon J. & Boero F. 2000. Phylogeny and classiFcation of Hydroidomedusae. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hydroidomedusae of the world, with a list of the worldwide species. Thalassia Salentina 24: 47 - 296." title="Phylogeny and classiFcation of Hydroidomedusae. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hydroidomedusae of the world, with a list of the worldwide species" type="journal article" year="2000">Bouillon & Boero 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 69, 73. —
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF83FFB1FCC70171FC71E48F" author="Bouillon J. & Gravili C. & Pages F. & Gili J. M. & Boero F." box="[783,1021,1916,1943]" journalOrPublisher="Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="194" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi" refString="Bouillon J., Gravili C., Pages F., Gili J. M. & Boero F. 2006. An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 194, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1086 / 586983" title="An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle" type="book chapter" year="2006">
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Bouillon
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF83FFB1FCB50170FC3CE48F" box="[893,944,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
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. 2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 113, 121. —
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF83FFB1FB570171FAFFE48E" author="Antsulevich A. E." box="[1183,1395,1916,1943]" journalOrPublisher="Petersburg University Press, St. Petersburg." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Antsulevich A. E. 2015. Hydrozoa (Hydroids and Hydromedusae) of Russian seas. St. Petersburg University Press, St. Petersburg." title="Hydrozoa (Hydroids and Hydromedusae) of Russian seas. St" type="book" year="2015">Antsulevich 2015</bibRefCitation>
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: 717–718, 727, 773.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3586506FF82FFB0FF750706FBD7E11A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF82FFB0FF750706FEBAE23C" blockId="17.[189,1399,267,516]" box="[189,310,267,293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<heading id="D0B581E1FF82FFB0FF750706FEBAE23C" bold="true" box="[189,310,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FF750706FEBAE23C" bold="true" box="[189,310,267,293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF82FFB0FF750734FBD7E11A" blockId="17.[189,1399,267,516]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rhopalonematid medusae with dome-shaped umbrella; exumbrella with numerous, Fne, meridional ridges; subumbrella pigmented; with gastric peduncle; manubrium with or without outer gastric pouches; mouth with 4 simple lips; 8 radial canals connect to the ring canal, the latter giving rise to a varied number of regularly- or irregularly-shaped centripetal canals; 8 narrow, elongated gonads, distally pendant, on the radial canals; tentacles very numerous, in superimposed rows, of two types: outermost large and solid, and innermost thinner, shorter and hollow; statocysts numerous and free.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3586506FF82FFB3FF750426FC85E168" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF82FFB0FF750426FEA3E15C" blockId="17.[189,303,555,581]" box="[189,303,555,581]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<heading id="D0B581E1FF82FFB0FF750426FEA3E15C" bold="true" box="[189,303,555,581]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FF750426FEA3E15C" bold="true" box="[189,303,555,581]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF82FFB0FF750454FEC5E019" blockId="17.[189,1399,601,769]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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When
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FEC60454FE4AE16A" author="Haeckel E." box="[270,454,601,627]" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fisher, Jena" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46856" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln. Gustav Fisher, Jena. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46856" title="Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel (1879)</bibRefCitation>
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described the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FD010457FC9DE16A" box="[713,785,602,627]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FD010457FC9DE16A" box="[713,785,602,627]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pectis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, he notably emphasized the “eight genitalia in the course of the eight radial canals, between which blind centripetal canals run from the annular canal”. It will be shown in the next section that its type species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FCBF04ACFB44E1A3" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[887,1224,672,698]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FCBF04ACFB83E1A3" box="[887,1039,673,698]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. antarctica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FBD104ADFB44E1A3" author="Haeckel E." box="[1049,1224,672,698]" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fisher, Jena" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46856" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln. Gustav Fisher, Jena. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46856" title="Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, shows all the distinctive characters of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FD8604C9FC1BE1C4" authority="Naumov, 1971" authorityName="Naumov" authorityYear="1971" box="[590,919,707,733]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FD8604C9FD6EE1C4" box="[590,738,708,733]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Voragonema</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FD2104CEFC1BE1C4" author="Naumov D. V." box="[745,919,707,733]" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Okeanologii" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="9 - 17" refString="Naumov D. V. 1971. Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii 92: 9 - 17." title="Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench)" type="book chapter" year="1971">Naumov, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in particular of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FB4D04C9FEC8E019" authority="Bouillon et al., 2001" authorityName="Bouillon et al." authorityYear="2001" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laciniata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FB4D04C9FA85E1C4" box="[1157,1289,707,733]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">V. laciniata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FAD804CEFEC8E019" author="Bouillon J. & Pages F. & Gili J. M." journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="839 - 845" part="24" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000100289" refString="Bouillon J., Pages F. & Gili J. M. 2001. New species of benthopelagic hydromedusae from the Weddel Sea. Polar Biology 24: 839 - 845. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 003000100289" title="New species of benthopelagic hydromedusae from the Weddel Sea" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FF7504EAFF7CE019" box="[189,240,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF82FFB0FF750525FB22E745" blockId="17.[189,1399,808,1116]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Reversal of precedence (ICZN Art. 23.9) for the generic name cannot be applied for the following reasons: the senior synonym,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FDD10541FDEDE07C" box="[537,609,844,869]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FDD10541FDEDE07C" box="[537,609,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pectis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has been used as a valid name after 1899 (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FB510546FAB1E07C" author="Browne E. T." box="[1177,1341,843,869]" journalOrPublisher="Bergens Museum Arbog" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 36" part="1903" refString="Browne E. T. 1903. Report on some medusae from Norway and Spitzbergen. Bergens Museum Arbog 1903: 1 - 36." title="Report on some medusae from Norway and Spitzbergen" type="journal article" year="1903">Browne 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 29), so Art. 23.9.1.1. is not fulFlled; the junior synonym,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FCF60562FC5EE091" box="[830,978,879,904]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FCF60562FC5EE091" box="[830,978,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Voragonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has been used, to our knowledge, in only 22 out of the 25 published works etc., required to meet the conditions of Art. 23.9.1.2. The presumed valid name appears in:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FD8D05B8FC8DE0D6" author="Naumov D. V." box="[581,769,949,975]" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Okeanologii" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="9 - 17" refString="Naumov D. V. 1971. Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii 92: 9 - 17." title="Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench)" type="book chapter" year="1971">Naumov (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Bouillon (1985),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FC1F05B9FB05E0D6" author="Beliaev G. M." box="[983,1161,948,975]" journalOrPublisher="Nauka Publishing House, Moscow" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Beliaev G. M. 1989. Deep-sea ocean trenches and their fauna. Nauka Publishing House, Moscow." title="Deep-sea ocean trenches and their fauna" type="book" year="1989">Beliaev (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FB5D05B8FE82E0EB" author="Larson R. J. & Harbison G. R." journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="19 - 25" part="11" publicationUrl="10.1007/bf00236517" refString="Larson R. J. & Harbison G. R. 1990. Medusae from McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea including the descriptions of two new species, Leuckartiara brownei and Benthocodon hyalinus. Polar Biology 11: 19 - 25. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00236517" title="Medusae from McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea including the descriptions of two new species, Leuckartiara brownei and Benthocodon hyalinus" type="journal article" year="1990">Larson & Harbison (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FED305D5FD84E0EB" author="Larson R. J. & Mills C. E. & Harbison G. R." box="[283,520,984,1010]" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia 216" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="311 - 317" part="217" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi" refString="Larson R. J., Mills C. E. & Harbison G. R. 1991. Western Atlantic midwater hydrozoan and scyphozoan medusae: in situ studies using manned submersibles. Hydrobiologia 216 / 217: 311 - 317. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00026480" title="Western Atlantic midwater hydrozoan and scyphozoan medusae: in situ studies using manned submersibles" type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Larson
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FEBC05D5FE24E0EB" box="[372,424,984,1010]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1991)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FDDD05D5FD58E0EB" author="Boero F. & Bouillon J." box="[533,724,984,1010]" journalOrPublisher="Indo- Malayan Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="29 - 243" part="1" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1006" refString="Boero F. & Bouillon J. 1993. Zoogeography and life cycle patterns of Mediterranean hydromedusae (Cnidaria). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 48: 239 - 266. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / bijl. 1993.1017 Bouillon J. 1985. Essai de classiFcation des Hydropolypes-Hydromeduses (Hydrozoa-Cnidaria). Indo- Malayan Zoology 1: 29 - 243." title="Zoogeography and life cycle patterns of Mediterranean hydromedusae (Cnidaria). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 48: 239 - 266" type="journal article" year="1993">Bouillon (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FD2905D5FC27E0EB" author="Gili J. M. & Bouillon J. & Pages F. & Palanques A. & Puig P. & Heussner S." box="[737,939,984,1010]" journalOrPublisher="Scientia Marina" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="113 - 134" part="62" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi" refString="Gili J. M., Bouillon J., Pages F., Palanques A., Puig P. & Heussner S. 1998. Origin and biogeography of the deep-water Mediterranean hydromedusae including the description of two new species collected in submarine canyons of Northwestern Mediterranean. Scientia Marina 62 (1 - 2): 113 - 134. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 1998.62 n 1 - 2113" title="Origin and biogeography of the deep-water Mediterranean hydromedusae including the description of two new species collected in submarine canyons of Northwestern Mediterranean" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Gili
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FCDF05D5FCC7E0EB" box="[791,843,984,1010]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FC7005D5FB69E0EB" author="Bouillon J. & Boero F." box="[952,1253,984,1010]" journalOrPublisher="Thalassia Salentina" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="47 - 296" part="24" refString="Bouillon J. & Boero F. 2000. Phylogeny and classiFcation of Hydroidomedusae. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hydroidomedusae of the world, with a list of the worldwide species. Thalassia Salentina 24: 47 - 296." title="Phylogeny and classiFcation of Hydroidomedusae. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hydroidomedusae of the world, with a list of the worldwide species" type="journal article" year="2000">Bouillon & Boero (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FB3B05D5FEB8E70C" author="Bouillon J. & Pages F. & Gili J. M." journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="839 - 845" part="24" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000100289" refString="Bouillon J., Pages F. & Gili J. M. 2001. New species of benthopelagic hydromedusae from the Weddel Sea. Polar Biology 24: 839 - 845. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 003000100289" title="New species of benthopelagic hydromedusae from the Weddel Sea" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FAA905D5FF58E70C" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FE8805F6FE70E70C" author="Thuesen E. V." box="[320,508,1019,1045]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 12" refString="Thuesen E. V. 2003. Crossota millsae (Cnidaria: Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of viviparous hydromedusa from the deep sea off California and Hawaii. Zootaxa 309: 1 - 12." title="Crossota millsae (Cnidaria: Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of viviparous hydromedusa from the deep sea off California and Hawaii" type="book chapter" year="2003">Thuesen (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FDC005F6FC86E70F" author="Bouillon J. & Gravili C. & Pages F. & Gili J. M. & Boero F." box="[520,778,1019,1046]" journalOrPublisher="Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="194" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi" refString="Bouillon J., Gravili C., Pages F., Gili J. M. & Boero F. 2006. An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 194, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1086 / 586983" title="An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle" type="book chapter" year="2006">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FDBE05F1FD26E70C" box="[630,682,1019,1045]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FCDF05F6FBB5E70F" author="Stepanjants S. & Coretese G. & Kruglikova SB. & Bjorklund K. R." box="[791,1081,1019,1046]" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology Research" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="200 - 241" part="2" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17451000600781767" refString="Stepanjants S., Coretese G., Kruglikova SB. & Bjorklund K. R. 2006. A review of bipolarity concepts: history and examples from Radiolaria and Medusozoa (Cnidaria). Marine Biology Research 2 (3): 200 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000600781767" title="A review of bipolarity concepts: history and examples from Radiolaria and Medusozoa (Cnidaria)" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Stepanjants
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FC6E05F1FC6DE70C" box="[934,993,1019,1045]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FB8E05F6FAAAE70C" author="Stepanjants S. D." box="[1094,1318,1019,1045]" journalOrPublisher="Problemy Arktiki i Antraktiki" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="89 - 96" part="77" refString="Stepanjants S. D. 2007. Conception of the bipolar distribution of the organisms: origin and modern views, on the Medusozoa example. Problemy Arktiki i Antraktiki 77: 89 - 96." title="Conception of the bipolar distribution of the organisms: origin and modern views, on the Medusozoa example" type="journal article" year="2007">Stepanjants (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FAFA05F6FEDEE721" author="Pages F. & Corbera J. & Lindsay D." journalOrPublisher="Plankton and Benthos Research" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="83 - 90" part="2" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi" refString="Pages F., Corbera J. & Lindsay D. 2007. Piggybacking pycnogonids and parasitic narcomedusae on Pandea rubra (Anthomedusae, Pandeidae). Plankton and Benthos Research 2 (2): 83 - 90. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3800 / pbr. 2.83" title="Piggybacking pycnogonids and parasitic narcomedusae on Pandea rubra (Anthomedusae, Pandeidae)" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Pagès
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FF750212FF7DE721" box="[189,241,1054,1080]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FE970213FDCDE721" author="Hosia A. & Stemmann L. & Youngbluth M." box="[351,577,1054,1081]" journalOrPublisher="Deep Sea Research Part II: Tropical Studies in Oceanography" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="106 - 118" part="55" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j." refString="Hosia A., Stemmann L. & Youngbluth M. 2008. Distribution of net-collected planktonic cnidarians along the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge and their associations with the main water masses. Deep Sea Research Part II: Tropical Studies in Oceanography 55 (1 - 2): 106 - 118. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2007.09.007" title="Distribution of net-collected planktonic cnidarians along the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge and their associations with the main water masses" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Hosia
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FE640212FE6CE721" box="[428,480,1054,1080]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FD850213FC0AE721" author="Lindsay D. J. & Miyake H." box="[589,902,1054,1080]" journalOrPublisher="Kaiyo Monthly" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="417 - 438" part="41" refString="Lindsay D. J. & Miyake H. 2009. A checklist of midwater cnidarians and ctenophores from Japanese waters - species sampled during submersible surveys from 1993 - 2008 with notes on their taxonomy. Kaiyo Monthly 41 (8): 417 - 438." title="A checklist of midwater cnidarians and ctenophores from Japanese waters - species sampled during submersible surveys from 1993 - 2008 with notes on their taxonomy" type="journal article" year="2009">Lindsay & Miyake (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FC5B0213FB3BE721" author="Lindsay D. & Pages F." box="[915,1207,1054,1080]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="31 - 39" part="2671" refString="Lindsay D. & Pages F. 2010. Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae). Zootaxa 2671: 31 - 39." title="Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">Lindsay & Pagès (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FB0C0213FAFDE721" author="Zeidler W." box="[1220,1393,1054,1080]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 74" part="3533" refString="Zeidler W. 2012. A review of the hyperiidean families Mimonectidae and Proscinidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea: Scinoidea). Zootaxa 3533: 1 - 74." title="A review of the hyperiidean families Mimonectidae and Proscinidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea: Scinoidea)" type="journal article" year="2012">Zeidler (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FF75024CFE2FE745" author="Antsulevich A. E." box="[189,419,1089,1116]" journalOrPublisher="Petersburg University Press, St. Petersburg." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Antsulevich A. E. 2015. Hydrozoa (Hydroids and Hydromedusae) of Russian seas. St. Petersburg University Press, St. Petersburg." title="Hydrozoa (Hydroids and Hydromedusae) of Russian seas. St" type="book" year="2015">Antsulevich (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Chen
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FE3C024FFDA4E742" box="[500,552,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FD5B024CFCD5E745" author="Jamieson A." box="[659,857,1089,1116]" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press, Cambridge" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Jamieson A. 2015. The hadal zone: life in the deepest oceans. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge." title="The hadal zone: life in the deepest oceans" type="book" year="2015">Jamieson (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FC5E024CFB26E745" author="Minemizu R. & Kubota S. & Hirano Y. & Lindsay D. J." box="[918,1194,1089,1116]" journalOrPublisher="Heibonsha, Tokyo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Minemizu R., Kubota S., Hirano Y. & Lindsay D. J. 2015. A photographic guide to the jellyFshes of Japan. Heibonsha, Tokyo." title="A photographic guide to the jellyFshes of Japan" type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Minemizu
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FBDE024FFBC6E742" box="[1046,1098,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF82FFB0FF75028EFC0DE7FA" blockId="17.[189,1398,1155,1251]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Consequently, the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FE16028EFDAAE785" box="[478,550,1155,1180]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FE16028EFDAAE785" box="[478,550,1155,1180]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pectis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is taken as valid, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FCE9028EFC39E785" box="[801,949,1155,1180]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FCE9028EFC39E785" box="[801,949,1155,1180]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Voragonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is included in its synonymy. Presently, the genus contains four species, namely:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FD5602AAFCBEE7D9" box="[670,818,1191,1216]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FD5602AAFCBEE7D9" box="[670,818,1191,1216]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FC8902AAFB3BE7D9" authority="Bigelow, 1913" authorityName="Bigelow" authorityYear="1913" box="[833,1207,1190,1216]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FC8902AAFC63E7D9" box="[833,1007,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FC3602ABFB22E7D9" author="Bigelow H. B." box="[1022,1198,1190,1216]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 119" part="44" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.44-1946.1" refString="Bigelow H. B. 1913. Medusae and Siphonophorae collected by the U. S. Fisheries steamer " Albatross " in the northwestern PaciFc, 1906. Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum 44 (1946): 1 - 119. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.44 - 1946.1" title="Medusae and Siphonophorae collected by the U. S. Fisheries steamer " Albatross " in the northwestern PaciFc, 1906" type="journal article" year="1913">Bigelow, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FB0B02AAFE0CE7FA" authority="Naumov, 1971" authorityName="Naumov" authorityYear="1971" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profundicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FB0B02AAFAFAE7D9" box="[1219,1398,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. profundicola</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FF0D02C4FEFBE7FA" author="Naumov D. V." box="[197,375,1225,1251]" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Okeanologii" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="9 - 17" refString="Naumov D. V. 1971. Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii 92: 9 - 17." title="Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench)" type="book chapter" year="1971">Naumov, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FE7502C7FCF0E7FA" authority="Lindsay & Pages, 2010" authorityName="Lindsay & Pages" authorityYear="2010" box="[445,892,1225,1251]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FE7502C7FDC0E7FA" box="[445,588,1225,1251]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. tatsunoko</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FD9302C4FCF8E7FA" author="Lindsay D. & Pages F." box="[603,884,1225,1251]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="31 - 39" part="2671" refString="Lindsay D. & Pages F. 2010. Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae). Zootaxa 2671: 31 - 39." title="Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">Lindsay & Pagès, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF82FFB0FF750307FAEAE672" blockId="17.[189,1398,1290,1387]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
The diagnosis given above is based on that provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FC8C0307FBB3E63C" author="Bouillon J. & Gravili C. & Pages F. & Gili J. M. & Boero F." box="[836,1087,1290,1317]" journalOrPublisher="Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="194" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi" refString="Bouillon J., Gravili C., Pages F., Gili J. M. & Boero F. 2006. An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 194, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1086 / 586983" title="An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle" type="book chapter" year="2006">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FC790306FC6FE63D" box="[945,995,1290,1316]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FB2A0306FEE0E651" authority="Naumov, 1971" authorityName="Naumov" authorityYear="1971" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FB2A0306FAFAE63D" box="[1250,1398,1291,1316]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Voragonema</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FF750323FEE0E651" author="Naumov D. V." box="[189,364,1326,1352]" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Okeanologii" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="9 - 17" refString="Naumov D. V. 1971. Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii 92: 9 - 17." title="Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench)" type="book chapter" year="1971">Naumov, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and it is broadened so as to include the bell shape, the presence of meridional ridges on the exumbrella, the colored subumbrella, the shape of the gonads, and the types of marginal tentacles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF82FFB0FF75039FFEBBE50F" blockId="17.[189,1399,1426,1558]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
The gastric pouches are recognized as speciFc rather than generic features. Indeed, they are present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FF7503BBFEDFE6D6" box="[189,339,1462,1487]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FF7503BBFEDFE6D6" box="[189,339,1462,1487]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but are lacking in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FDB703BBFCA3E6D6" box="[639,815,1461,1487]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FDB703BBFCA3E6D6" box="[639,815,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FCA403BBFC71E6D6" box="[876,1021,1461,1487]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FCA403BBFC71E6D6" box="[876,1021,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. tatsunoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is unclear whether the eight wavy manubrial ridges reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FDA103D4FCAAE6EA" author="Naumov D. V." box="[617,806,1497,1523]" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Okeanologii" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="9 - 17" refString="Naumov D. V. 1971. Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii 92: 9 - 17." title="Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench)" type="book chapter" year="1971">Naumov (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FC8703D7FB88E6EA" box="[847,1028,1497,1523]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profundicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FC8703D7FB88E6EA" box="[847,1028,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. profundicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represent the same anatomical structures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF82FFB0FF750030FAA8E563" blockId="17.[189,1398,1597,1659]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Several authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FE440030FD07E54E" author="Bouillon J. & Pages F. & Gili J. M." box="[396,651,1597,1624]" journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="839 - 845" part="24" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000100289" refString="Bouillon J., Pages F. & Gili J. M. 2001. New species of benthopelagic hydromedusae from the Weddel Sea. Polar Biology 24: 839 - 845. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 003000100289" title="New species of benthopelagic hydromedusae from the Weddel Sea" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FDC90033FDB6E54E" box="[513,570,1597,1623]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FD540030FC34E54E" author="Lindsay D. & Pages F." box="[668,952,1597,1623]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="31 - 39" part="2671" refString="Lindsay D. & Pages F. 2010. Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae). Zootaxa 2671: 31 - 39." title="Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">Lindsay & Pagès 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) drew attention to several supposed “peculiarities” exhibited by the type species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FC97006CFC7FE563" box="[863,1011,1633,1658]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FC97006CFC7FE563" box="[863,1011,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Voragonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FBCA006CFB38E562" box="[1026,1204,1633,1659]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profundicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FBCA006CFB38E562" box="[1026,1204,1633,1659]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">V. profundicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, notably:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF82FFB0FF75009EFE46E4DE" blockId="17.[189,1399,1683,1991]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
1) the apparent lack of pigmentation of its subumbrella. Indeed, besides the transparent umbrella, the brown manubrium, and the colorless radial canals and tentacles,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FC1E00BAFB19E5C9" author="Naumov D. V." box="[982,1173,1718,1745]" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Okeanologii" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="9 - 17" refString="Naumov D. V. 1971. Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii 92: 9 - 17." title="Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench)" type="book chapter" year="1971">Naumov (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not make any speciFc reference to the pigmentation of the subumbrella, though he stated that the colors exhibited by his species were typical of deep-water medusae. It is likely, however, that the color of the subumbrella in these species fades over time, as remarked on by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FCD8012DFC44E423" author="Bigelow H. B." box="[784,968,1824,1850]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 119" part="44" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.44-1946.1" refString="Bigelow H. B. 1913. Medusae and Siphonophorae collected by the U. S. Fisheries steamer " Albatross " in the northwestern PaciFc, 1906. Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum 44 (1946): 1 - 119. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.44 - 1946.1" title="Medusae and Siphonophorae collected by the U. S. Fisheries steamer " Albatross " in the northwestern PaciFc, 1906" type="journal article" year="1913">Bigelow (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FC22012CFB1BE423" box="[1002,1175,1824,1850]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FC22012CFB1BE423" box="[1002,1175,1824,1850]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “the pigmentation covered the entire subumbrella, though now it is intact over occasional patches only”. On the other hand, some species, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FDCD016AFD1FE499" box="[517,659,1894,1920]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FDCD016AFD1FE499" box="[517,659,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. tatsunoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, may be only lightly pigmented in life (“subumbrella pale roseorange”,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FEE00184FDBAE4BA" author="Lindsay D. & Pages F." box="[296,566,1929,1955]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="31 - 39" part="2671" refString="Lindsay D. & Pages F. 2010. Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae). Zootaxa 2671: 31 - 39." title="Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">Lindsay & Pagès 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the color of Fxed specimens changes to nearly white-opaque (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF82FFB0FF7501A1FE8CE4DE" box="[189,256,1964,1991]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E – F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G – H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I – J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.221252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A in their paper).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF81FFB3FF750706FC69E105" blockId="18.[189,1399,267,540]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
2) the lesser number of marginal tentacles (ca 500,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF81FFB3FCE00701FC58E23C" author="Naumov D. V." box="[808,980,267,294]" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Okeanologii" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="9 - 17" refString="Naumov D. V. 1971. Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii 92: 9 - 17." title="Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench)" type="book chapter" year="1971">Naumov 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), compared to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FB280701FAFBE23C" box="[1248,1399,268,293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FB280701FAFBE23C" box="[1248,1399,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1000–1200),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FEA80722FD87E250" box="[352,523,303,329]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FEA80722FD87E250" box="[352,523,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1000–2000), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FD2A0722FCE2E250" box="[738,878,303,329]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FD2A0722FCE2E250" box="[738,878,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. tatsunoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ca 1050) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF81FFB3FC230723FB78E250" author="Lindsay D. & Pages F." box="[1003,1268,302,329]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="31 - 39" part="2671" refString="Lindsay D. & Pages F. 2010. Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae). Zootaxa 2671: 31 - 39." title="Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">Lindsay & Pagès 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, it should be noted that the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FD9B075EFC8BE275" box="[595,775,338,364]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profundicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FD9B075EFC8BE275" box="[595,775,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. profundicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a young, immature specimen, measuring only 1 cm high and 1.5 cm wide (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF81FFB3FE270778FD16E296" author="Naumov D. V." box="[495,666,373,399]" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Okeanologii" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="9 - 17" refString="Naumov D. V. 1971. Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii 92: 9 - 17." title="Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench)" type="book chapter" year="1971">Naumov 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while much larger individuals were obtained for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FB2B077BFAFBE296" box="[1251,1399,374,399]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FB2B077BFAFBE296" box="[1251,1399,374,399]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(30 mm high and 35 mm wide),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FDF40794FD66E2AB" box="[572,746,408,434]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FDF40794FD66E2AB" box="[572,746,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(up to 31 mm high and 41 mm wide), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FB2F0794FAFAE2AB" box="[1255,1398,408,434]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FB2F0794FAFAE2AB" box="[1255,1398,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. tatsunoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(14 mm high and 19 mm wide) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF81FFB3FD8107B6FCEEE2CC" author="Lindsay D. & Pages F." box="[585,866,443,469]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="31 - 39" part="2671" refString="Lindsay D. & Pages F. 2010. Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae). Zootaxa 2671: 31 - 39." title="Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">Lindsay & Pagès 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Since it is acknowledged that tentacles are added continually to the bell margin during the growth of the medusa, it is not surprising for there to be a lesser number in younger individuals compared to more aged ones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF81FFB3FF750439FC85E168" blockId="18.[189,1399,564,626]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3) the lack of gonads in the type. It is highly improbable that the gonads of this rhopalonematid medusa are formed elsewhere than along the radial canals.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3586506FF81FFB3FF750494FE3BE059" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF81FFB3FF750494FE3BE059" blockId="18.[189,1399,665,832]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FE890497FE05E1AA" box="[321,393,666,691]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FE890497FE05E1AA" box="[321,393,666,691]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pectis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is immediately distinguished from its allies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FC530494FAFDE1AA" authority="Larson & Harbison, 1990" authorityName="Larson & Harbison" authorityYear="1990" box="[923,1393,665,691]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Benthocodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FC530494FBBAE1AA" box="[923,1078,665,691]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Benthocodon</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF81FFB3FBF70494FAFDE1AA" author="Larson R. J. & Harbison G. R." box="[1087,1393,665,691]" journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="19 - 25" part="11" publicationUrl="10.1007/bf00236517" refString="Larson R. J. & Harbison G. R. 1990. Medusae from McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea including the descriptions of two new species, Leuckartiara brownei and Benthocodon hyalinus. Polar Biology 11: 19 - 25. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00236517" title="Medusae from McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea including the descriptions of two new species, Leuckartiara brownei and Benthocodon hyalinus" type="journal article" year="1990">Larson & Harbison, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FF7504B1FE76E1CF" authority="Vanhoffen, 1902" authorityName="Vanhoffen" authorityYear="1902" box="[189,506,700,726]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Crossota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FF7504B1FEAAE1CF" box="[189,294,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Crossota</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF81FFB3FEF904B1FE76E1CF" author="Vanhoffen E." box="[305,506,700,726]" journalOrPublisher="1899. I. Trachymedusen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898 - 1899" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="55 - 86" part="3" refString="Vanhoffen E. 1902. Die craspedoten Medusen der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898 - 1899. I. Trachymedusen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898 - 1899 3: 55 - 86." title="Die craspedoten Medusen der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898" type="journal article" year="1902">Vanhöffen, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FD8804B0FC49E1CF" authority="Thuesen, 1993" authorityName="Thuesen" authorityYear="1993" box="[576,965,700,726]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Vampyrocrossota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FD8804B0FC86E1CF" box="[576,778,701,726]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Vampyrocrossota</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF81FFB3FCDC04B1FC49E1CF" author="Thuesen E. V." box="[788,965,700,726]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="190 - 194" part="1" refString="Thuesen E. V. 1993. Vampyrocrossota childressi, a new genus and species of black medusa from the bathypelagic zone off California (Cnidaria: Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 106 (1): 190 - 194." title="Vampyrocrossota childressi, a new genus and species of black medusa from the bathypelagic zone off California (Cnidaria: Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae)" type="journal article" year="1993">Thuesen, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
through the presence of centripetal canals arising from the ring canal. It shares the presence of exumbrellar furrows with both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FB1404EDFAC9E1E3" box="[1244,1349,736,762]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Crossota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FB1404EDFAC9E1E3" box="[1244,1349,736,762]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Crossota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FF75050EFE0BE005" box="[189,391,771,796]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Vampyrocrossota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FF75050EFE0BE005" box="[189,391,771,796]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Vampyrocrossota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the occurrence of a gastric peduncle with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FCB9050FFB80E005" box="[881,1036,770,796]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Benthocodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FCB9050FFB80E005" box="[881,1036,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Benthocodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the presence of statocysts, again, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FE8F052BFE3CE059" box="[327,432,806,832]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Crossota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FE8F052BFE3CE059" box="[327,432,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Crossota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |