299 lines
34 KiB
XML
299 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="C373DCB4C4F7A76E9D16877F33FBD405" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4181.1.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="37923" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4181.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7f55813e-d9fb-47d1-ae70-4207ea726e64" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="164243" ID-ZooBank="639B9F0E-4E0C-4859-9A32-093511BEEFB8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1478071931831" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Remeikis, Andrius, Gerulaitis, Virginijus & Karsholt, Ole" docDate="2016" docId="03E487C7FFAFD242FF4621AFF5F1FC5A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4181.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4181 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Stigmella gynoxyphaga Diskus & Stonis, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFDDFFBFFFB4D262FFD12712F06DFFFE" masterDocTitle="Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698430786409" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="8C221CB16B0B4B3867A7A202F7814CEE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B845DB13CACAA0B96DB065342CA76D79">
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<mods:title id="5CB5D89AD71FDAFF11B17303972A8F35">Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="87F6A7752F8CF5180EC2347C0D9E6067" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C1561EC287DB5E31842BA83AF98D5AAE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8FC12B6772A1A3EDE9AD900A3B482899">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="321610AB10CEB7F3662A82C53919EDE3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="882596F34B1B6EE2EE6733CFC1F692FE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7EE5445F9C8368412971E01E28B361B6">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="392D76A1DC764BEB76219573C61999C0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="35BC3ADACCB835DD14A6F466D302170C">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="47FA1B0E61A0FEAEDA75BD074FCD76FF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6F6941E6529E40B1CDB704A3202E03A7">Gerulaitis, Virginijus</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9285CC0D6276B6BE7B5F3A36734E83F1" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="8986EACE3BF2FCB2FD87A25998CD21C5">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2AE415F3A16A43574D403819A0714023">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4F9406C2F781137A646C82C569BDFBFB">Karsholt, Ole</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="40CF73A2958C3E6F33A49E2BB53BB33D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7BCB38B3B4001459A5757E3B1BDA998E">
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<mods:title id="205F3049AE29498A3983DF775AEB41C8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="E2AF84E8DE6FE4DEAF716CBA8659C2B9">
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<mods:date id="9A234B501F8E478D4F5100A2E20FB484">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FDCD208EA03B1EF6C67ACE52303BB141" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="95657F65CF6251873749FFB72BD370FE">4181</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="009B8AF04F59C83106B5F3C00B127BFF" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="4601E014E4DFCA5FB28DD77641554762">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="13B110866388B92A5F35E364B99B859A">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="BA3E98D0A97C94FD5437BC4A8869451D">94</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="CB91525CB52A60006A5A58B07F6D65D9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D53E8001F5142DFF0DDA9388AAF7B25B" type="CLB-Dataset">37923</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7EBA3E0CF91182062C83FCD4FB9D7A8E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4181.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="78B84855BACFF14611738268946CF9B0" type="GBIF-Dataset">7f55813e-d9fb-47d1-ae70-4207ea726e64</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="38B829259251E176C16120F79EC61589" type="Zenodo-Dep">164243</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E487C7FFAFD242FF4621AFF5F1FC5A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6075902" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124560973" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6075902" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487C7FFAFD242FF4621AFF5F1FC5A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487C7FFAFD242FF4621AFF5F1FC5A" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="C357655AFFAFD279FF4621AFF1FAF906" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFAFD279FF4621AFF286F929" blockId="27.[151,747,1725,1784]" box="[151,747,1725,1751]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="D0BA81BDFFAFD279FF4621AFF286F929" bold="true" box="[151,747,1725,1751]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFAFD279FF4621AFF286F929" bold="true" box="[151,747,1725,1751]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFAFD279FF4621AFF2EDF929" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" box="[151,640,1725,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gynoxyphaga" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFAFD279FF4621AFF1DDF929" bold="true" box="[151,432,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Stigmella gynoxyphaga</emphasis>
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Diškus & Stonis
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57B8FFAFD279FD5C21AFF286F929" box="[653,747,1725,1751]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFAFD279FF4621CDF1FAF906" blockId="27.[151,747,1725,1784]" box="[151,407,1759,1784]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13762A54FFAFD279FF4E21CDF088F906" box="[159,229,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,368,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,301,1904]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Habitats: grass páramo near volcano Chimborazo (Ecuador: Chimborazo Province) at altitudes about 3980 – 4000 m. 1, 2, habitat of Stigmella gynoxyphaga sp. n. and S. tripartita Diškus & Stonis, 1 ° 31 ' 20 " S, 78 ° 50 ' 27 " W; 3 – 5, habitat of S. lachemillae sp. n. and S. calceolariae sp. n., 1 ° 45 ' 41 " S, 78 ° 48 ' 51 " W." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164244/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13762A54FFAFD279FF2221F2F17CF906" box="[243,273,1760,1784]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 17" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,221,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 17. Distribution of high altitude Stigmella species in the Ecuadorian Andes. 16, habitat of Stigmella paramica sp. nov. and S. confertae Diškus & Stonis, 3700 – 3800 m, 0 ° 21 ' 45 " S, 78 ° 11 ' 35 " W; 17, distribution map." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164247/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">17</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13762A54FFAFD279FECC21F2F156F906" box="[285,315,1760,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="16.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,193,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1430,193,1983]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266413/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">27</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13762A54FFAFD279FE9621CDF1E2F906" box="[327,399,1759,1784]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 67 – 71" captionStart-1="FIGURES 72 – 76" captionStartId-0="30.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionStartId-1="31.[151,264,1792,1815]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1401,198,1773]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1423,193,1772]" captionTargetId-0="figure@30.[161,1428,193,1813]" captionTargetId-1="figure@31.[157,1424,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId-0="30" captionTargetPageId-1="31" captionText-0="FIGURES 67 – 71. Male genitalia of Stigmella gynoxyphaga Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., genitalia slide no. AD 662 (ZMUC). 67, uncus, 68, apical part of valva; 69, capsule without phallus, ventral view; 70, same, dorsal view; 71, phallus." captionText-1="FIGURES 72 – 76. Bionomics and female genitalia of Stigmella gynoxyphaga Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 72 – 74, host-plant Gynoxys buxifolia (Kunth) Cass. (Asteraceae); 75, leaf-mine; 76, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 629 (ZMUC)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/164262/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/164263/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">67–76</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFAFD279FF462035F16FF82E" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFAFD279FF462035F16FF82E" blockId="27.[151,1437,1831,2000]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<materialsCitation id="3B253C8CFFAFD279FF462035F23CF876" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324487240" collectingDate="2007-11-11" collectionCode="ZMUC" collectorName="A. Diskus" country="Ecuador" elevation="3990" latitude="-1.5219444" location="Riobamba" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.842224" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Chimborazo Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFAFD279FF462035F12BF8BE" bold="true" box="[151,326,1831,1856]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<typeStatus id="54F68873FFAFD279FF462035F0BFF8BE" box="[151,210,1831,1856]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54F68873FFAFD279FE9C2035F1D7F8BE" box="[333,442,1831,1856]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: Ƌ,
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<collectingCountry id="F35A7641FFAFD279FE38203AF21EF8BE" box="[489,627,1832,1856]" name="Ecuador" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="4989F833FFAFD279FDAE2035F314F8BE" box="[639,889,1831,1856]" country="Ecuador" name="Chimborazo" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Chimborazo Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<quantity id="4CB59B34FFAFD279FC542035F3A1F8BE" box="[901,972,1831,1856]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
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NW
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<location id="8E92600AFFAFD279FBDA2035F4ECF8BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487C7FFAFD242FF4621AFF5F1FC5A:8E92600AFFAFD279FBDA2035F4ECF8BE" box="[1035,1153,1831,1856]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-1.5219444" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.842224" name="Riobamba" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Chimborazo Province">Riobamba</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE795016FFAFD279FB5C203AF56DF8BE" box="[1165,1280,1832,1856]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="15" value="-1.5219444">1°31'19"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE795016FFAFD279FADC2035F5FAF8BE" box="[1293,1431,1831,1856]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="15" value="-78.842224">78°50'32"W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="0060D1E2FFAFD279FF46205EF132F89A" box="[151,351,1868,1893]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9899999999999998" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="3990.0">
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elevation
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<quantity id="4CB59B34FFAFD279FED7205EF132F89A" box="[262,351,1868,1892]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9899999999999998" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="3990.0">3990 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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, mining larvae
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<collectedFrom id="3851752CFFAFD279FDC3205FF3C6F89A" box="[530,939,1868,1893]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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on
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFAFD279FDE6205EF3C6F89A" authority="(Kunth) Cass." authorityName="(Kunth) Cass." box="[567,939,1868,1893]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gynoxys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buxifolia">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFAFD279FDE6205EF368F89A" box="[567,773,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Gynoxys buxifolia</emphasis>
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(Kunth) Cass.
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</taxonomicName>
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</collectedFrom>
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<date id="FFF31011FFAFD279FC62205EF440F89B" box="[947,1069,1868,1893]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2007-11-11">
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<collectingDate id="EFB7E9F9FFAFD279FC62205EF440F89B" box="[947,1069,1868,1893]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2007-11-11">11.xi.2007</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, field card no. 4918,
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<collectorName id="26B85307FFAFD279FAF2205EF5F5F89B" box="[1315,1432,1868,1893]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. Diškus</collectorName>
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, genitalia slide no. AD662Ƌ (
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<collectionCode id="ED5CAE14FFAFD279FE202062F225F876" box="[497,584,1904,1928]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">ZMUC</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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. Paratypes: 2 Ƌ, 6♀, same label data as holotype, genitalia slides nos AD627Ƌ, AD628Ƌ, AD629♀, AD630♀, AD631♀, AD648♀, AD656♀, AD659♀ (all from mature pupae) (ZMUC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF326659FFA8D27EFF462011F205F8A8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164260/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[162,1428,193,1764]" targetPageId="28">
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFA8D27EFF462011F205F8A8" blockId="28.[151,1436,1795,1878]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA8D27EFF462011F13BF8E6" bold="true" box="[151,342,1795,1818]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURES 55–60.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFA8D27EFE8E2011F299F8E7" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" box="[351,756,1795,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lachemillae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA8D27EFE8E2011F253F8E7" box="[351,574,1795,1817]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Stigmella lachemillae</emphasis>
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Diškus & Stonis
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA8D27EFCD32016F338F8E7" bold="true" box="[770,853,1796,1817]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57B8FFA8D27EFCD32016F338F8E7" box="[770,853,1796,1817]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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55, adult, male holotype; 56, same, male paratype; 57, same, female paratype; 58, male genitalia, phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD637; 59, 60, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD637 (ZMUC).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF326659FFA9D27FFF462016F3D1F8A7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164261/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" targetBox="[161,1427,193,1772]" targetPageId="29">
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFA9D27FFF462016F3D1F8A7" blockId="29.[151,1437,1796,1881]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA9D27FFF462016F13EF8E4" bold="true" box="[151,339,1796,1819]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FIGURES 61–66.</emphasis>
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Bionomics and female genitalia of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFA9D27FFD682017F42DF8E5" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" box="[697,1088,1797,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lachemillae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA9D27FFD682017F3FEF8E5" box="[697,915,1797,1819]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Stigmella lachemillae</emphasis>
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Diškus & Stonis
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA9D27FFB9B2014F4F4F8E5" bold="true" box="[1098,1177,1798,1819]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57B8FFA9D27FFB9B2014F4F4F8E5" box="[1098,1177,1798,1819]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
61, habitat, grass páramo (predominantly along streams in sheltered damp ravines); 62, 63, host-plant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFA9D27FFC1C2036F167F8A7" authority="(Ruiz & Pav.) Rydb." authorityName="(Ruiz & Pav.) Rydb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Lachemilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orbiculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA9D27FFC1C2036F4D9F8C4" box="[973,1204,1828,1850]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Lachemilla orbiculata</emphasis>
|
||
(Ruiz & Pav.) Rydb. (Rosaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 64, 65, leaf-mines; 66, female genitalia, slide no. AD664 (ZMUC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF326659FFAAD27CFF46203EF48CF89F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164262/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" targetBox="[161,1401,198,1773]" targetPageId="30">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFAAD27CFF46203EF48CF89F" blockId="30.[151,1436,1836,1889]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFAAD27CFF46203EF139F8BC" bold="true" box="[151,340,1836,1859]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">FIGURES 67–71.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFAAD27CFDDD203FF3C8F8BD" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" box="[524,933,1837,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gynoxyphaga" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFAAD27CFDDD203FF29AF8BD" box="[524,759,1837,1859]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stigmella gynoxyphaga</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus & Stonis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFAAD27CFC7E203FF392F8BC" bold="true" box="[943,1023,1837,1858]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57B8FFAAD27CFC7E203FF392F8BC" box="[943,1023,1837,1858]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, genitalia slide no. AD662 (ZMUC). 67, uncus, 68, apical part of valva; 69, capsule without phallus, ventral view; 70, same, dorsal view; 71, phallus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF326659FFABD27DFF462012F522F8C8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164263/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" targetBox="[157,1423,193,1772]" targetPageId="31">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFABD27DFF462012F522F8C8" blockId="31.[151,1436,1792,1846]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFABD27DFF462012F13AF8E8" bold="true" box="[151,343,1792,1815]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FIGURES 72–76.</emphasis>
|
||
Bionomics and female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFABD27DFD052013F411F8E9" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" box="[724,1148,1793,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gynoxyphaga" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFABD27DFD052013F3AEF8E9" box="[724,963,1793,1815]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Stigmella gynoxyphaga</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus & Stonis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFABD27DFB582013F4B0F8E8" bold="true" box="[1161,1245,1793,1814]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57B8FFABD27DFB582013F4B0F8E8" box="[1161,1245,1793,1814]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
72–74, host-plant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFABD27DFF462033F207F8C8" authority="(Kunth) Cass." authorityName="(Kunth) Cass." box="[151,618,1824,1846]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gynoxys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buxifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFABD27DFF462033F123F8C8" box="[151,334,1824,1846]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Gynoxys buxifolia</emphasis>
|
||
(Kunth) Cass. (Asteraceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 75, leaf-mine; 76, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD629 (ZMUC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFABD27DFF16204FF184F81C" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFABD27DFF16204FF184F81C" blockId="31.[151,1436,1885,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFABD27DFF16204FF12CF888" bold="true" box="[199,321,1885,1910]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The combination of an apically wide valva, distally wide vinculum, and strongly thickened uncus with four papillae distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFABD27DFDD82090F2D0F867" box="[521,701,1921,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gynoxyphaga" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFABD27DFDD82090F2D0F867" box="[521,701,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. gynoxyphaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFABD27DFD162093F349F864" bold="true" box="[711,804,1921,1946]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57B8FFABD27DFD162093F349F864" box="[711,804,1921,1946]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFABD27DFC072093F452F867" box="[982,1087,1921,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFABD27DFC072093F452F867" box="[982,1087,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Stigmella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species possessing two apical processes of the valva and many large cornuti on the vesica; the host-plant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFABD27DFBD020B4F508F840" box="[1025,1381,1957,1982]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gynoxys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buxifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFABD27DFBD020B4F4A2F843" box="[1025,1231,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Gynoxys buxifolia</emphasis>
|
||
(Asteraceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also makes this species distinctive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF94D242FF162785F4DBFCC6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF94D242FF162785F237FEE3" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF94D242FF162785F169FF4E" bold="true" box="[199,260,151,176]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Male</emphasis>
|
||
. Forewing length about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF94D242FDCC2785F21AFF51" box="[541,631,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; wingspan about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF94D242FCEE2785F3F7FF51" box="[831,922,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head: palpi pale grey to cream grey; frontal tuft beige; scape cream; antenna distinctly longer than half the length of forewing; flagellum with 43–44 segments, pale grey-brown. Thorax, tegula and forewing fuscous Hindwing grey. Legs brownish cream, darkened with dark grey on upper side. Abdomen dark grey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF94D242FF162635F18CFEBE" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,933]" box="[199,481,295,320]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF94D242FF162635F173FEBE" bold="true" box="[199,286,295,320]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. Similar to male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF94D242FF16265EF2F5FDE6" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF94D242FF16265EF11BFE9B" bold="true" box="[199,374,332,357]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF94D242FE58265EF261FE9A" box="[393,524,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 67 – 71" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[161,1401,198,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[161,1428,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 67 – 71. Male genitalia of Stigmella gynoxyphaga Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., genitalia slide no. AD 662 (ZMUC). 67, uncus, 68, apical part of valva; 69, capsule without phallus, ventral view; 70, same, dorsal view; 71, phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164262/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 67–71</figureCitation>
|
||
). Capsule longer (450 µm) than wide (medially 270 µm, anteriorly 300 µm). Vinculum with short but very wide ventral plate and wide lateral lobes. Uncus strongly thickened, with four large distal papillae. Gnathos with two caudal processes and slender central plate. Valva 265–270 µm long, 90–95 µm wide, with two distinctive apical processes; inner lobe slightly bulged apically but concave medially; transtilla with very small triangular processes. Juxta membranous, indistinctive. Phallus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF94D242FC0A26CEF441FE0A" box="[987,1068,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 67 – 71" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[161,1401,198,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[161,1428,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 67 – 71. Male genitalia of Stigmella gynoxyphaga Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., genitalia slide no. AD 662 (ZMUC). 67, uncus, 68, apical part of valva; 69, capsule without phallus, ventral view; 70, same, dorsal view; 71, phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164262/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 71</figureCitation>
|
||
) 330–340 µm long, 115–135 µm wide; vesica with five large horn-like cornuti.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF94D242FF162536F278FD33" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF94D242FF162536F1E0FDC3" bold="true" box="[199,397,548,573]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF94D242FE4D2536F19CFDC3" box="[412,497,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 76" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1792,1815]" captionTargetBox="[157,1423,193,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[157,1424,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 76. Bionomics and female genitalia of Stigmella gynoxyphaga Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 72 – 74, host-plant Gynoxys buxifolia (Kunth) Cass. (Asteraceae); 75, leaf-mine; 76, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 629 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164263/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
|
||
). Total length 995–1050 µm. Posterior apophyses significantly longer than anterior ones. Vestibulum narrow, without sclerites. Corpus bursae with a very long, heavily folded part and round, 285 µm long, 290 µm wide basal body with numerous comb-like pectinations; signa absent. Accessory sac very large; ductus spermathecae narrow, without distinctive convolutions but with sinuous chitinized part. Abdominal apex narrowed, distally almost pointed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF94D242FF1625C5F4DBFCC6" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF94D242FF1625C5F127FD0E" bold="true" box="[199,330,727,752]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF94D242FE8D25C5F18EFD0E" box="[348,483,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 76" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1792,1815]" captionTargetBox="[157,1423,193,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[157,1424,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 76. Bionomics and female genitalia of Stigmella gynoxyphaga Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 72 – 74, host-plant Gynoxys buxifolia (Kunth) Cass. (Asteraceae); 75, leaf-mine; 76, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 629 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164263/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 72–75</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larva mines in leaves. Host-plant:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF94D242FC5F25CAF5F6FD0E" authority="(Kunth) Cass." authorityName="(Kunth) Cass." box="[910,1435,727,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gynoxys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buxifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF94D242FC5F25CAF430FD0E" box="[910,1117,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Gynoxys buxifolia</emphasis>
|
||
(Kunth) Cass. (Asteraceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF94D242FF4E25EEF149FCEA" box="[159,292,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 76" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1792,1815]" captionTargetBox="[157,1423,193,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[157,1424,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 76. Bionomics and female genitalia of Stigmella gynoxyphaga Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 72 – 74, host-plant Gynoxys buxifolia (Kunth) Cass. (Asteraceae); 75, leaf-mine; 76, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 629 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164263/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 72–74</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larva pale green; mines in November. Leaf-mine starts as a slender sinuous gallery partially filled with dark brown to black-brown frass; later it develops into a blotch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF94D242FC70240DF398FCC6" box="[929,1013,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 76" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1792,1815]" captionTargetBox="[157,1423,193,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[157,1424,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 76. Bionomics and female genitalia of Stigmella gynoxyphaga Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 72 – 74, host-plant Gynoxys buxifolia (Kunth) Cass. (Asteraceae); 75, leaf-mine; 76, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 629 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164263/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cocoon brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF94D242FF162456F279FC7E" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF94D242FF162456F279FC7E" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF94D242FF162456F134FCA3" bold="true" box="[199,345,836,861]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF94D242FEB92456F1D2FCA2" box="[360,447,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 17" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,221,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 17. Distribution of high altitude Stigmella species in the Ecuadorian Andes. 16, habitat of Stigmella paramica sp. nov. and S. confertae Diškus & Stonis, 3700 – 3800 m, 0 ° 21 ' 45 " S, 78 ° 11 ' 35 " W; 17, distribution map." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164247/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF94D242FE1D2456F181FCA2" box="[460,492,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="16.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,193,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1430,193,1983]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266413/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">27</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species occurs high in the equatorial Andes (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7641FF94D242FBFE2456F4FFFCA3" box="[1071,1170,836,861]" name="Ecuador" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4989F833FF94D242FB4C2456F5F9FCA3" box="[1181,1428,836,861]" country="Ecuador" name="Chimborazo" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Chimborazo Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
) at altitudes about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF94D242FE8C247AF1DFFC81" box="[349,434,872,896]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9899999999999998" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="3990.0">3990 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF94D242FE102475F26EFC7E" box="[449,515,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,368,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,301,1904]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Habitats: grass páramo near volcano Chimborazo (Ecuador: Chimborazo Province) at altitudes about 3980 – 4000 m. 1, 2, habitat of Stigmella gynoxyphaga sp. n. and S. tripartita Diškus & Stonis, 1 ° 31 ' 20 " S, 78 ° 50 ' 27 " W; 3 – 5, habitat of S. lachemillae sp. n. and S. calceolariae sp. n., 1 ° 45 ' 41 " S, 78 ° 48 ' 51 " W." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164244/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF94D242FF16249EF5F1FC5A" box="[199,1436,908,933]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF94D242FF16249EF5F1FC5A" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,933]" box="[199,1436,908,933]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF94D242FF16249EF123FC5B" bold="true" box="[199,334,908,933]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is derived from the name of the host-plant genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF94D242FBD5249EF409FC5D" box="[1028,1124,908,931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gynoxys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF94D242FBD5249EF409FC5D" box="[1028,1124,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Gynoxys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF94D242FB0C249EF54EFC5A" box="[1245,1315,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">phaga</emphasis>
|
||
(an eater).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |