247 lines
30 KiB
XML
247 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="79E4283F3CCC8A6CF960320DEFE1C705" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4181.1.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="37923" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4181.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7f55813e-d9fb-47d1-ae70-4207ea726e64" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="164243" ID-ZooBank="639B9F0E-4E0C-4859-9A32-093511BEEFB8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1478071931831" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Remeikis, Andrius, Gerulaitis, Virginijus & Karsholt, Ole" docDate="2016" docId="03E487C7FFACD27BFF46249EF46FFF06" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4181.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4181 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Stigmella confertae Diskus & Stonis 2016" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FFDDFFBFFFB4D262FFD12712F06DFFFE" masterDocTitle="Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1698430786409" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="4CC48EF222029FBCE8F6AA6BCD22591F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="B22D815EB07CEE50DE348C7A0E6C03D9">
|
||
<mods:title id="21115507647BCA3DAFAAF65D85D92C77">Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="BC9BF656C3DB81D4270CE6F2D648AAF1" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="3F331EDA7E1BB55879BA7DEE9BEF2AB5">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2F9FE2E6CEAC45B8B4706F5602CBC250">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="0EAD7C7D75959E98F63DBD5615A64850">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C13045CD51B0A61A00205BCEFB8D960D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="773829900708AB3F2FD2B9216CEF9B39">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B6D16C24232C41D075AD4829E4C2DF57">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="FDB39436E07A191636BF0F4B7560D079">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A2AC663900A380EB555FF10BB40308EC" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="3CAB5A1C360B7EDBCBE6DAB1E11187B3">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DABEAEF33AB70B5B5E6B45CF4E8FB1EC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C56B447902DA4D5AE98481B7097FD58E">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="571DAEB5705270B2BD890A3BF5FDD013" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="B6B08C148B98022746CEC93EE1526DFE">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="E44702CA8DEE9217FCD280F288621254">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="95E46E53F7D9BCFA335BC4D234213773">Gerulaitis, Virginijus</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="D690B25386269F52F1F8D7A858F364DD" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="37F25C47171528B367677D2B992A47ED">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="ABA3B9B47866B800E7D24E1FA60AB77A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C6B14CC4A658E900A5E665E2BDF58CF2">Karsholt, Ole</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="470C95903AE181ED803750E5F1B2675F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="2FDAFA75ABADFDA64D6FFB76EDF69F6A" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="B6E4B63D7CAE45900B3800D6C19AED53">
|
||
<mods:title id="8A9F16F8BC3CCC6F34F5228DFC20845E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="AD8804C6F52361A8509EE0638B82B145">
|
||
<mods:date id="40CABBFF4216C2BD715E2182F3645B9B">2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="1D69E268555C270208CC9F9DD319243E" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="0874A37116BDBFC2E0DF4D2B332F3D39">4181</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A3EA4B9DF0FA6D6581EA4002BE5281BA" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="FB57EF96075BB8539940C1EEDCD6C703">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="B05B079F531672952E680911A529D968" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="58A58C3F17AC457095DEC217B6F91ACE">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="93FF0D7C3468D48C19D706A061E14247">94</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="BE8471F498A50E5D42929269EBD54EA3">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E82987A3879DB7CB811209F966B0582D" type="CLB-Dataset">37923</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E811542E67C03F6EC065EE03478F8FDC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4181.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F7721EFD90EC6ACD0ABE66B1DDE664B2" type="GBIF-Dataset">7f55813e-d9fb-47d1-ae70-4207ea726e64</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3CFC8387EC097E6E01176A7CDB747A1C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="16FD76833DD317AD5D1AE4565983D47A" type="Zenodo-Dep">164243</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BFBC0CFAA5DB0DAF167F65492B246330" type="ZooBank">639B9F0E-4E0C-4859-9A32-093511BEEFB8</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03E487C7FFACD27BFF46249EF46FFF06" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3506175" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124560974" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3506175" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487C7FFACD27BFF46249EF46FFF06" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487C7FFACD27BFF46249EF46FFF06" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFACD27AFF46249EF1FAFC39" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFACD27AFF46249EF2F5FC58" blockId="24.[151,664,908,967]" box="[151,664,908,934]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<heading id="D0BA81BDFFACD27AFF46249EF2F5FC58" bold="true" box="[151,664,908,934]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFACD27AFF46249EF2F5FC58" ID-CoL="52LX8" authority="Diskus & Stonis, 2016" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,664,908,934]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confertae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFF46249EF2F5FC58" bold="true" box="[151,664,908,934]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFF46249EF1ECFC58" bold="true" box="[151,385,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Stigmella confertae</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus & Stonis, 2016
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFACD27AFF4624BCF1FAFC39" blockId="24.[151,664,908,967]" box="[151,407,942,967]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFF4E24BCF17FFC39" box="[159,274,942,967]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 6 – 10" captionStart-1="FIGURES 11 – 15" captionStart-2="FIGURES 16 – 17" captionStartId-0="8.[151,264,1824,1847]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,264,1816,1839]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1803]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,260,1795]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,221,1912]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1803]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1796]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="FIGURES 6 – 10. Habitats: shrub-dominated páramo and Polylepis forest near volcano Antisana and Papallacta Pass (Ecuador: Napo Province) at altitudes about 3700 – 3900 m, 0 ° 21 ' 45 " S, 78 ° 11 ' 35 " W. 6, view of volcano Antisana; 7, a relict stand of high- Andean Polylepis; 8 – 10, shrub-dominated páramo SE of Papallacta Pass." captionText-1="FIGURES 11 – 15. Habitats: shrub and grass-dominated páramo, SE of Papallacta Pass (Ecuador: Napo Province) at altitudes about 3700 – 3800 m, 0 ° 21 ' 45 " S, 78 ° 11 ' 35 " W." captionText-2="FIGURES 16 – 17. Distribution of high altitude Stigmella species in the Ecuadorian Andes. 16, habitat of Stigmella paramica sp. nov. and S. confertae Diškus & Stonis, 3700 – 3800 m, 0 ° 21 ' 45 " S, 78 ° 11 ' 35 " W; 17, distribution map." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/266412/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/164246/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/164247/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 6–17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFECC24BDF156FC39" box="[285,315,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="16.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,193,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1430,193,1983]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266413/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">27</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFE9624BCF1E2FC39" box="[327,399,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 54" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,205,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 54. Stigmella confertae Diškus & Stonis. 49, forewing; 50, host-plant Baccharis conferta Kunth (Asteraceae); 51, female genitalia, holotype, genitalia slide AD 638 (ZMUC); 52 – 54, leaf-mines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164259/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">49–54</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFACD27AFF4624E4F334FBF2" box="[151,857,1014,1037]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFACD27AFF4624E4F334FBF2" blockId="24.[151,857,1014,1037]" box="[151,857,1014,1037]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5D11FFFFACD27AFF4624E4F334FBF2" box="[151,857,1014,1037]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFACD27AFF4624E4F34DFBF2" ID-CoL="52LX8" authority="Diskus & Stonis, in Stonis et al. 2016b: 124" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis, in Stonis et al." authorityPageNumber="124" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,800,1014,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confertae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFF4624E4F131FBF2" box="[151,348,1014,1036]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Stigmella confertae</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus & Stonis, in
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AEC10C0FFACD27AFDFF24E4F34DFBF2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6070517" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6070517" author="Stonis" box="[558,800,1014,1037]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B47A7DFFEEA133D7C14555A83DFEA2" page="124" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFACD27AFDFF24E4F282FBF2" author="Stonis" box="[558,751,1014,1037]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Remeikis, A., Davis, D. R., Solis, M. A. & Cumbicus Torres, N. (2016 b) The first record of Baccharis L. (Asteraceae) as a host-plant genus for Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera), with description of new Stigmella species from South America. Zootaxa, 4136 (1), 101 - 128. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4136.1.4" type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Stonis
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFDA224EAF2CBFBF2" box="[627,678,1014,1037]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 124
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–126.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFACD27AFF46232BF16FFB40" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFACD27AFF46232BF16FFB40" blockId="24.[151,1436,1081,2006]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B253C8CFFACD27AFF46232BF093FB40" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324487234" collectingDate="2005-01-13" collectionCode="ZMUC" collectorName="A. Diskus & J. R. Stonis" country="Ecuador" elevation="3750" latitude="-0.36249998" location="Material" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.193054" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1282" specimenCount-female="1282" stateProvince="Napo Province" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFF46232BF1E5FBAC" bold="true" box="[151,392,1081,1106]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<location id="8E92600AFFACD27AFF46232BF092FBAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487C7FFACD27BFF46249EF46FFF06:8E92600AFFACD27AFF46232BF092FBAC" box="[151,255,1081,1106]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-0.36249998" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.193054" name="Material" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="Napo Province">Material</location>
|
||
examined.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD58FFACD27AFE462328F1A4FBAF" box="[407,457,1082,1106]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68873FFACD27AFE31232BF229FBAC" box="[480,580,1081,1106]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68873FFACD27AFD5B2328F282FBAC" box="[650,751,1082,1106]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7641FFACD27AFCD82328F3FEFBAC" box="[777,915,1082,1106]" name="Ecuador" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4989F833FFACD27AFC762328F435FBAC" box="[935,1112,1081,1106]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Napo Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, ca.
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A402FF3FFACD27AFB4A2328F5F5FBAC" box="[1179,1432,1081,1106]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FFACD27AFB4A2328F487FBAC" box="[1179,1258,1081,1106]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
W Papallacta
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE795016FFACD27AFF46234FF166FB88" box="[151,267,1117,1142]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="15" value="-0.36249998">0°21'45"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE795016FFACD27AFEC9234FF1CDFB88" box="[280,416,1117,1142]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="15" value="-78.193054">78°11'35"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="0060D1E2FFACD27AFE7C234FF2D6FB8B" box="[429,699,1117,1142]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="3750.0" valueMax="3800.0" valueMin="3700.0">
|
||
elevation
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FFACD27AFDCC234CF2D6FB8B" box="[541,699,1118,1142]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="3750.0" valueMax="3800.0" valueMin="3700.0">3700–3800 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, páramo, mining larvae
|
||
<collectedFrom id="3851752CFFACD27AFC00234CF573FB88" box="[977,1310,1117,1142]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFACD27AFC24234FF573FB88" authority="Kunth" authorityName="Kunth" box="[1013,1310,1117,1142]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conferta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFC24234FF4A1FB8B" box="[1013,1228,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Baccharis conferta</emphasis>
|
||
Kunth
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFF31011FFACD27AFAFA234FF5F5FB88" box="[1323,1432,1117,1142]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2005-01-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB7E9F9FFACD27AFAFA234FF5F5FB88" box="[1323,1432,1117,1142]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2005-01-13">13.i.2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, field card no. 4862, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26B85307FFACD27AFE102390F25BFB64" box="[449,566,1153,1178]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. Diškus</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26B85307FFACD27AFDB52390F29DFB64" box="[612,752,1153,1178]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">J. R. Stonis</collectorName>
|
||
, genitalia slide nos AD
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD58FFACD27AFBDC2393F425FB64" box="[1037,1096,1153,1178]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="female">638♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68873FFACD27AFB822393F4D5FB64" box="[1107,1208,1153,1178]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, AD
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD58FFACD27AFB242393F55DFB64" box="[1269,1328,1153,1178]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="female">642♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68873FFACD27AFAED2390F5F1FB64" box="[1340,1436,1154,1178]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5CAE14FFACD27AFF4E23B4F09BFB40" box="[159,246,1190,1214]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">ZMUC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFACD27AFF1623DBF501FAD4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFACD27AFF1623DBF501FAD4" blockId="24.[151,1436,1081,2006]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFF1623DBF12CFB1C" bold="true" box="[199,321,1225,1250]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
In the female genitalia, the new species differs from all other known Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFACD27AFB3423DBF523FB1F" box="[1253,1358,1225,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFB3423DBF523FB1F" box="[1253,1358,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Stigmella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the combination of a very large accessory sac, small corpus bursae with indisctinctive comb-like pectinations, and large pointed anterior apophyses. The host-plant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFACD27AFD6B2203F3FDFAD7" box="[698,912,1297,1321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conferta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFD6B2203F3FDFAD7" box="[698,912,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Baccharis conferta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also makes this species highly distinctive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFACD27AFF162227F25EF873" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFACD27AFF162227F1E5FAB0" blockId="24.[151,1436,1081,2006]" box="[199,392,1333,1358]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFF162227F169FAB0" bold="true" box="[199,260,1333,1358]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Male</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFACD27AFF16224BF40EFA44" blockId="24.[151,1436,1081,2006]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFF16224BF173FA8C" bold="true" box="[199,286,1369,1394]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFEE0224BF1E4FA8C" box="[305,393,1369,1394]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 54" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,205,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 54. Stigmella confertae Diškus & Stonis. 49, forewing; 50, host-plant Baccharis conferta Kunth (Asteraceae); 51, female genitalia, holotype, genitalia slide AD 638 (ZMUC); 52 – 54, leaf-mines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164259/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head: frontal tuft ochre; collar and scape cream; antenna longer than half the length of forewing; flagellum with 27–28 segments, fuscous. Thorax and tegula fuscous. Forewing unicolorous (fascia indistinct or absent; see Remarks), fuscous with purple iridescence. Abdomen fuscous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFACD27AFF1622D7F432F96F" blockId="24.[151,1436,1081,2006]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFF1622D7F1E0FA20" bold="true" box="[199,397,1477,1502]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFE4C22D7F19FFA20" box="[413,498,1477,1502]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 54" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,205,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 54. Stigmella confertae Diškus & Stonis. 49, forewing; 50, host-plant Baccharis conferta Kunth (Asteraceae); 51, female genitalia, holotype, genitalia slide AD 638 (ZMUC); 52 – 54, leaf-mines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164259/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
). Total length about 675 µm. Abdominal apex widely rounded, about 110–120 µm wide. Anterior and posterior apophyses almost equal in length; anterior apophyses very wide proximally, strongly narrowing (pointed) distally; posterior apophyses 110–145 µm long, very slender. Vestibulum very wide, without sclerites. Corpus bursae with folded distal part and with wider, oval-shaped, 260–265 µm long, 180–205 µm wide, basal part, without signa; pectinations comb-like, indistintive, hardly visible. Accessory sac very large, folded; ductus spermathecae slender, with one distinct, strongly chitinized plate-like structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFACD27AFF16218FF25EF873" blockId="24.[151,1436,1081,2006]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFF16218FF127F948" bold="true" box="[199,330,1693,1718]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
Larva mines in leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFACD27AFDBC218FF448F948" authority="Kunth" authorityName="Kunth" box="[621,1061,1693,1718]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conferta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFDBC218FF32EF94B" box="[621,835,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Baccharis conferta</emphasis>
|
||
Kunth (Asteraceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFBE5218FF4DAF948" box="[1076,1207,1693,1718]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 54" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,205,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 54. Stigmella confertae Diškus & Stonis. 49, forewing; 50, host-plant Baccharis conferta Kunth (Asteraceae); 51, female genitalia, holotype, genitalia slide AD 638 (ZMUC); 52 – 54, leaf-mines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164259/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 50, 52</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larva bright green with dark grey-green intestine and dark brown head; mines in early January (and judging on numerous vacant leafmines) also in December. Leaf-mine is a gallery strongly widening and contorted in distal third of leaf-mine (therefore resembling a blotch) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFDD0201BF2EBF8DC" box="[513,646,1801,1826]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 54" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,205,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 54. Stigmella confertae Diškus & Stonis. 49, forewing; 50, host-plant Baccharis conferta Kunth (Asteraceae); 51, female genitalia, holotype, genitalia slide AD 638 (ZMUC); 52 – 54, leaf-mines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164259/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 52–54</figureCitation>
|
||
). Usually but not always the distal part of leaf-mine is in distal portion of the leaf-blade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFEBD203FF1A8F8B8" box="[364,453,1837,1862]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 54" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,205,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 54. Stigmella confertae Diškus & Stonis. 49, forewing; 50, host-plant Baccharis conferta Kunth (Asteraceae); 51, female genitalia, holotype, genitalia slide AD 638 (ZMUC); 52 – 54, leaf-mines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164259/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
). Black frass filling most of gallery except in the final part. Old leaf-mines appear brownish cream, distinctive (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFE0C2043F25CF894" box="[477,561,1873,1898]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 54" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,205,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 54. Stigmella confertae Diškus & Stonis. 49, forewing; 50, host-plant Baccharis conferta Kunth (Asteraceae); 51, female genitalia, holotype, genitalia slide AD 638 (ZMUC); 52 – 54, leaf-mines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164259/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larval exit slit on upper side of the leaf. Cocoon grey-ochre to ochre; length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FFACD27AFF462064F0B7F873" box="[151,218,1910,1934]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, maximum width
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FFACD27AFE742067F242F873" box="[421,559,1909,1934]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFACD27AFF16208BF30FF828" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFACD27AFF16208BF30FF828" blockId="24.[151,1436,1081,2006]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFF16208BF134F84C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1945,1970]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFEBD208BF1ABF84C" box="[364,454,1945,1970]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 17" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,221,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 17. Distribution of high altitude Stigmella species in the Ecuadorian Andes. 16, habitat of Stigmella paramica sp. nov. and S. confertae Diškus & Stonis, 3700 – 3800 m, 0 ° 21 ' 45 " S, 78 ° 11 ' 35 " W; 17, distribution map." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164247/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFE072088F19BF84C" box="[470,502,1946,1970]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="16.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,193,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1430,193,1983]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266413/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">27</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species occurs high in the equatorial Andes (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7641FFACD27AFB89208BF4D6F84C" box="[1112,1211,1945,1970]" name="Ecuador" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4989F833FFACD27AFB182088F518F84C" box="[1225,1397,1945,1970]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Napo Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
) at altitudes between
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FFACD27AFEB020ACF191F82B" box="[353,508,1982,2006]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="3750.0" valueMax="3800.0" valueMin="3700.0">3700–3800 m</quantity>
|
||
in páramo habitats (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFD3020AFF338F828" box="[737,853,1981,2006]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 6 – 10" captionStart-1="FIGURES 11 – 15" captionStart-2="FIGURES 16 – 17" captionStartId-0="8.[151,264,1824,1847]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,264,1816,1839]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1803]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,260,1795]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,221,1912]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1803]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1796]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="FIGURES 6 – 10. Habitats: shrub-dominated páramo and Polylepis forest near volcano Antisana and Papallacta Pass (Ecuador: Napo Province) at altitudes about 3700 – 3900 m, 0 ° 21 ' 45 " S, 78 ° 11 ' 35 " W. 6, view of volcano Antisana; 7, a relict stand of high- Andean Polylepis; 8 – 10, shrub-dominated páramo SE of Papallacta Pass." captionText-1="FIGURES 11 – 15. Habitats: shrub and grass-dominated páramo, SE of Papallacta Pass (Ecuador: Napo Province) at altitudes about 3700 – 3800 m, 0 ° 21 ' 45 " S, 78 ° 11 ' 35 " W." captionText-2="FIGURES 16 – 17. Distribution of high altitude Stigmella species in the Ecuadorian Andes. 16, habitat of Stigmella paramica sp. nov. and S. confertae Diškus & Stonis, 3700 – 3800 m, 0 ° 21 ' 45 " S, 78 ° 11 ' 35 " W; 17, distribution map." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/266412/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/164246/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/164247/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 7–16</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFADD27BFF162785F46FFF06" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFADD27BFF162785F46FFF06" blockId="25.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFADD27BFF162785F159FF4E" bold="true" box="[199,308,151,176]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The description of external features is based on two completely developed pupae. It seems that this species is difficult to rear indoors (mortality rate is about 98%; the causes of the high mortality remains unknown).
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFADD27BFF1627CDF123FF06" bold="true" box="[199,334,223,248]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is named after the host-plant
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFADD27BFCF527F2F46FFF06" box="[804,1026,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFADD27BFCF527F2F393FF06" box="[804,1022,224,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conferta">Baccharis conferta</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |