310 lines
36 KiB
XML
310 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="5D7826D20B50EFF31C726F74FC649BBF" ID-CLB-Dataset="39064" ID-DOI="10.11865/zs.201618" ID-GBIF-Dataset="107fdf8a-90b8-45d4-9310-49c66d8d3b0a" ID-Zenodo-Dep="270344" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8E63C355-146B-4B7D-88F5-67AB167F9E9C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1463143928673" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Qian Zhang, Yang Ge, Yuanyuan Wu & Xia Wan" docDate="2016" docId="03E48791FFCD2714F5C0332EFEE7FDA0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoologicalSystematics.41.2.195.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Systematics 41 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:07E7829F32901B127B59E960199959BD.1:ZoolSyst.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="07E7829F32901B127B59E960199959BD" docStyleName="ZoolSyst.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Neolucanus nitidus Saunders 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="204" masterDocId="FFDDFFE9FFCB271DF548371DFFF5FF9C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on some species of Neolucanus Thomson (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from China" masterLastPageNumber="206" masterPageNumber="195" pageNumber="201" updateTime="1698662507946" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AF9F3C57F3BEAF150BB716095133E87F">
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<mods:title id="31973A6DB6ED2E882F3FB595F7150E1A">Taxonomic notes on some species of Neolucanus Thomson (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from China</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2E1E5C6D930FF3FEE6511C46E83F279A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C9EA8E3CE6DAE5E784797A1C259D62FF">Qian Zhang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F7791951FBAF1DCE4405ECECE024A365">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="01E775A1F2D8FBE66D4C3C42661D6FB5">Yang Ge</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2F3326A9E09412ED364B07370C50BBA3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5ECD65B5B383864CC7300EDDF804B542">Yuanyuan Wu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="CF4041717FA5159C8C668DB63B141235" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="172B525F58ECBDED7DC7E06221E963C7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9B83FAF62F84466048BEE973FD36C080">Xia Wan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="78058569D20976E09DBC94785E24A52D">Zoological Systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A1F397BB7C7202988926AEAC6B20E246">
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<mods:date id="35A4BAD8B4C1C4786F9279B6C00098B1">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="85D04DC266417AEC5026DE92C2EA69FB">41</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B7A2E85C202F0DCA637688F9F2A06CD9" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="F1A0DA6AB8A1FA2BC66CA52E8C498EBB">2</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="481F440AB85A94D25D70E81760558CFB" type="DOI">10.11865/zs.201618</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E48791FFCD2714F5C0332EFEE7FDA0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6055402" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6055402" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E48791FFCD2714F5C0332EFEE7FDA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E48791FFCD2714F5C0332EFEE7FDA0" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="204" pageId="6" pageNumber="201">
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<subSubSection id="C357650CFFCD271AF5C0332EFF21F845" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="202" pageId="6" pageNumber="201" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF23687FFCD271BF5C0332EFCE6FBD7" blockId="6.[136,1107,1075,1196]" box="[136,787,1075,1099]" pageId="6" pageNumber="201">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFCD271BF5C0332EFDD0FBD7" ID-CoL="46LSJ" authority="Saunders, 1854" authorityName="Saunders" authorityYear="1854" box="[136,549,1075,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
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<emphasis id="B939EA95FFCD271BF5C0332EFDD0FBD7" bold="true" box="[136,549,1075,1099]" pageId="6" pageNumber="201">
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<emphasis id="B939EA95FFCD271BF5C0332EFEAAFBD7" bold="true" box="[136,351,1075,1099]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="201">Neolucanus nitidus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B76FFCD271BF424332EFDE8FBD7" author="Saunders, W. W." box="[364,541,1075,1099]" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (N. S.), 3" pageId="6" pageNumber="201" pagination="45 - 55" part="2" refString="Saunders, W. W. 1854. Characters of undescribed Lucanidae, collected in China by R. Fortune, Esq. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (N. S.), 3 (2): 45 - 55, 2 pls." title="Characters of undescribed Lucanidae, collected in China by R. Fortune, Esq" type="journal article" year="1854">Saunders, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 13–18, 35–38)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF23687FFCD271BF5C0334BFCAAFBF7" blockId="6.[136,1107,1075,1196]" box="[136,863,1110,1132]" pageId="6" pageNumber="201">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFCD271BF5C0334BFE16FBF0" ID-CoL="48Q69" authority="Saunders, 1854" authorityName="Saunders" authorityYear="1854" box="[136,483,1110,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Odontolabis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
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<emphasis id="B939EA95FFCD271BF5C0334BFEB3FBF7" box="[136,326,1110,1131]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="201">Odontolabis nitidus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B76FFCD271BF404334BFE16FBF0" author="Saunders, W. W." box="[332,483,1110,1132]" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (N. S.), 3" pageId="6" pageNumber="201" pagination="45 - 55" part="2" refString="Saunders, W. W. 1854. Characters of undescribed Lucanidae, collected in China by R. Fortune, Esq. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (N. S.), 3 (2): 45 - 55, 2 pls." title="Characters of undescribed Lucanidae, collected in China by R. Fortune, Esq" type="journal article" year="1854">Saunders, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B939EA95FFCD271BF4A4334BFD0AFBF7" box="[492,767,1110,1131]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="201">Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond (N. S..</emphasis>
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, 3(2): 47.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF23687FFCD271BF5C0336BFCDFFB17" blockId="6.[136,1107,1075,1196]" box="[136,810,1142,1164]" pageId="6" pageNumber="201">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFCD271BF5C0336BFE16FB10" ID-CoL="46LSJ" authority="Leuthner, 1885" authorityName="Leuthner" authorityYear="1885" box="[136,483,1142,1164]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
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<emphasis id="B939EA95FFCD271BF5C0336BFEB4FB17" box="[136,321,1142,1163]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="201">Neolucanus nitidus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B76FFCD271BF406336BFE16FB10" author="Leuthner, F." box="[334,483,1142,1164]" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="6" pageNumber="201" pagination="385 - 491" part="11" refString="Leuthner, F. 1885. A monograph of the Odontolabini, a subdivision of the Coleopterous family Lucanidae. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 11 (11): 385 - 491, 19 pls." title="A monograph of the Odontolabini, a subdivision of the Coleopterous family Lucanidae" type="journal article" year="1885">Leuthner, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B939EA95FFCD271BF4A4336BFD3AFB17" box="[492,719,1142,1163]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="201">Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond.</emphasis>
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, 11: 427.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF23687FFCD271BF5C0338BFBA6FB30" blockId="6.[136,1107,1075,1196]" box="[136,1107,1174,1196]" pageId="6" pageNumber="201">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFCD271BF5C0338BFD61FB37" ID-CoL="7ZCC9" authority="Mizunuma & Nagai, 1994" authorityName="Mizunuma & Nagai" authorityYear="1994" box="[136,660,1174,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nitidus" subSpecies="nitidus">
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<emphasis id="B939EA95FFCD271BF5C0338BFE7DFB37" box="[136,392,1174,1195]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="201">Neolucanus nitidus nitidus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B76FFCD271BF4DD338BFD61FB37" author="Mizunuma, T. & Nagai, S." bookContentInfo="339 pp." box="[405,660,1174,1196]" journalOrPublisher="Mushi-sha Iconographic Series of Insects, 1" pageId="6" pageNumber="201" refString="Mizunuma, T., Nagai, S. 1994. The Lucanid Beetles of the World. Mushi-sha Iconographic Series of Insects, 1: 339 pp., 115 figs., 156 pls." title="The Lucanid Beetles of the World" type="book" year="1994">Mizunuma & Nagai, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B939EA95FFCD271BF7D5338BFC2AFB37" box="[669,991,1174,1195]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="201">The Lucanid Beetles of the World</emphasis>
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: 128, pl.19.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF23687FFCD271BF5F533D6FA59FAD7" blockId="6.[136,1452,1227,2083]" pageId="6" pageNumber="201">Length about 36.0–45.0 mm (including mandibles). Width 15.0–17.0 mm (Figs 13–18). Surface. Dark and shiny, elytra more shiny than other parts. Main surface smooth, small punctures presented on mandibles, the surrounding of eyes. Legs with large and dense punctures. Head. Almost rectangular, gloomy, 2.0–3.0 times wider than long. Anterior margin at middle concaved, with forming a large, triangularly frontal depression in male, that of female much smaller and shallow.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF23687FFCD271AF5F5324BFD23F938" blockId="6.[136,1452,1227,2083]" lastBlockId="7.[156,1433,1615,1701]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="202" pageId="6" pageNumber="201">
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Vertex slightly raised. Male mandibles. Relatively straight, about 1.0–1.2 times the length of head in large male, but shorter in small male. The apex sharp, slightly curved inwards. A large, upwardly erected sub-apical tooth presented on the upper mandibular margin. Other 5–6 small blunt teeth serrated along the lower mandibular margin. Female mandibles. Almost triangular, shorter than the length of head, covering with punctures; the apex sharp and curved inwards; the upper mandibular margin without sub-apical tooth, the lower mandibular margin with 2–3 blunt teeth. Eyes. Relatively small, unproduced, completely divided into the upper and lower part by the canthi. Canthi slightly laminated and expanded, narrowly sub-rectangular with a bluntly rounded apex angle in male, almost semicircular in female. Post-ocular margins little produced, slightly swollen. Mentum. Almost semicircular, anterior angle rounded, covering with long yellow brown hairs; that of female semicircular, no hairs presented except for the distal margin, but with a pair of ridges extended from anterior angle to the middle part of mentum. Labrum. Small and triangular in male; almost rectangular with a small projection on the distal margin at middle in female. Antennae. Sexually dimorphic, longer and stronger in male. Club 3-segmented, terminal segment totally pubescent, other 2 segments partially pubescent. Scape slightly curved, pedicel almost symmetrical; the 3rd, 4th, 5th segment almost equal, the 7th segment with 4–5 apical setae. Pronotum. Transverse, 1.7–2.0 times wider than long, about 1.6–2.4 times the length of head. Disc strongly convex. Anterior margin sinuated, quite gently projected at middle. Front angles blunt. Lateral margins slightly divergent on 4/5 anteriorly, then gently convergent on 1/5 posteriorly and meet the posterior margins.
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<collectingCountry id="F35A7617FFCD271BF6073040FC71F8E9" box="[847,900,1885,1909]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="201">Hind</collectingCountry>
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angles sharp. Scutellum. Wider than long, blunt heart-shape, with several small punctures. Elytra. Dark, very shiny and convex; 1.25 times longer than wide, almost as wide as that of pronotum. Wings. Fully developed. Legs. Long and stout. Front tibiae narrow at base, strongly expanded and forked at apex, with 3–6 sharply small lateral teeth; spurs sub-cylindrical and curved, short in male, relatively longer in female. Middle and hind tibiae no lateral tooth presented except for spines at apex. Aedeagus (Figs 35–38). BP slender, about as long as the length of PA; the 2/3 proximal part closed to PA broad and the 1/3 distal part blunt. PA relatively Figures 25–34.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFCC271AF4723152FE5EF9F8" ID-CoL="5ZVG" box="[314,427,1615,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B939EA95FFCC271AF4723152FE5EF9F8" box="[314,427,1615,1636]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="202">Neolucanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp., genitalia. 25–28.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFCC271AF7D43152FCFFF9F8" box="[668,778,1615,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guangxi">
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<emphasis id="B939EA95FFCC271AF7D43152FCFFF9F8" box="[668,778,1615,1636]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="202">N. guangxi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, aedeagus. 29.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFCC271AF6E33152FBEDF9F8" box="[939,1048,1615,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guangxi">
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<emphasis id="B939EA95FFCC271AF6E33152FBEDF9F8" box="[939,1048,1615,1636]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="202">N. guangxi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, female genitalia. 30–33.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFCC271AF06B3152FEDDF918" ID-CoL="7HJGK" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="swinhoei" subSpecies="hengshanensis">
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<emphasis id="B939EA95FFCC271AF06B3152FEDDF918" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="202">N. swinhoei hengshanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, aedeagus, confirmed synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFCC271AF7CA3172FD18F918" ID-CoL="46LRS" box="[642,749,1647,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
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<emphasis id="B939EA95FFCC271AF7CA3172FD18F918" box="[642,749,1647,1668]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="202">N. imitator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. 34.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFCC271AF6693172FC75F918" ID-CoL="46LSJ" box="[801,896,1647,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
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<emphasis id="B939EA95FFCC271AF6693172FC75F918" box="[801,896,1647,1668]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="202">N. nitidus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, female genitalia. 25, 30. Dorsal view. 26, 31. Lateral view. 27, 32. Ventral view. 28, 33. PES. Scale bars =
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<quantity id="4CB59B62FFCC271AF7D23192FD27F938" box="[666,722,1679,1700]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="202" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF23687FFCC271AF5C031D3FF21F845" blockId="7.[136,1452,1742,2079]" pageId="7" pageNumber="202">short, the apex rounded from the dorsal and ventral view, but slightly sharp from the lateral view. ML distinctly asymmetric, broad, the left lobe little longer than the right one. PES (Fig. 38) very stout, about 2.0 times the total length of BP+PA; mainly outer surface of PES smooth and membranous, densely covering with short dense dark brown hairs from the middle to the apical part. Female genitalia (Fig. 34). HS strongly sclerotized, the anteriorly 4/5 part plate-liked, rather broad, almost rectangular with little rounded distal margin; the posteriorly 1/5 part stick-liked, thin and slightly oblique. AG pale, slender. MO yellow brown, short, stout. BC very long, stout, tubiform and longitudinally folded. SD dark brown, joining in BC and distinctly expanded. S situated at the apex of SD, bulb–shaped symmetrically with expanded apex. SG absent.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C357650CFFCC2714F5F530F9FEE7FDA0" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="204" pageId="7" pageNumber="202" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF23687FFCC271AF5F530F9FB92F782" blockId="7.[136,1452,1742,2079]" pageId="7" pageNumber="202">
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<typeStatus id="54F68825FFCC271AF5F530F9FF07F860" box="[189,242,2020,2044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="202">Type</typeStatus>
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material examined.
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<typeStatus id="54F68825FFCC271AF49030F9FDCEF860" box="[472,571,2020,2044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="202" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFCC271AF72F30F9FCC2F860" box="[615,823,2020,2044]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
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<emphasis id="B939EA95FFCC271AF72F30F9FCC2F860" box="[615,823,2020,2044]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="202">Neolucanus nitidus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, ♂ (Figs 17–18), in
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<collectionCode id="ED5CAE42FFCC271AF16D30F9FB8CF860" box="[1061,1145,2020,2044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="202">OXUM</collectionCode>
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||
, labelled:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFCC271AF1A630F9FA5EF860" authority="Saunders" authorityName="Saunders" box="[1262,1451,2020,2044]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFCC271AF1A630F9FAC2F860" box="[1262,1335,2020,2044]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="202">nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFCC271AF00030F9FA5EF860" box="[1352,1451,2020,2044]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="202">Saunders</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(handwritten yellow label) /
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68825FFCC271AF4F03F1AFE1DF783" box="[440,488,2055,2079]" pageId="7" pageNumber="202">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, col. 382,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFCC271AF71E3F1BFB92F782" authority="Saund., Hope Dept. Oxford." authorityName="Saund., Hope Dept. Oxford." box="[598,1127,2054,2078]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Odontolabris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFCC271AF71E3F1BFCC1F782" box="[598,820,2054,2078]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="202">Odontolabris nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
Saund., Hope Dept. Oxford.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF23687FFC32715F5D43137FD6EF9C3" blockId="8.[156,1434,1577,1631]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203">
|
||
Figures 35–42.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFC32715F4703137FE5CF9A3" box="[312,425,1578,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC32715F4703137FE5CF9A3" box="[312,425,1578,1599]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="203">Neolucanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., aedeagus. 35–38.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC32715F7D33137FCF7F9A3" box="[667,770,1578,1599]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFC32715F7D33137FD0BF9A3" box="[667,766,1578,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Odontolabris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">N. nitidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
39–42.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFC32715F61D3137FC10F9A3" box="[853,997,1578,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallenscens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC32715F61D3137FC10F9A3" box="[853,997,1578,1599]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="203">N. pallenscens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 35, 39. Dorsal view. 36, 40. Lateral view. 37, 41. Ventral view. 38, 42. PES. Scale bars =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B62FFC32715F7283157FD62F9C3" box="[608,663,1610,1631]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF23687FFC32715F5F53196FE3AF8B2" blockId="8.[136,1459,1675,2080]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203">
|
||
Additional material examined.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7617FFC32715F7423196FDB8F93F" box="[522,589,1675,1699]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="203">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Fukien, Kuatun,
|
||
<date id="FFF31047FFC32715F6433196FC4DF93F" box="[779,952,1675,1699]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" value="1946-08-11">11 August 1946</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD0EFFC32715F68B3196FC11F93E" box="[963,996,1675,1699]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
1♀, leg. Tschung Sen (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5CAE42FFC32715F1923196FADFF93F" box="[1242,1322,1675,1699]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mvk4-k796" name="Museo Zoologico La Specola, Universita di Firenze" pageId="8" pageNumber="203">MZUF</collectionCode>
|
||
). Anhui, Mt. Huangshan, alt. 700–1 0 0 0 m, 17–20
|
||
<date id="FFF31047FFC32715F75D31B3FD3DF95A" box="[533,712,1710,1734]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" value="1978-08-12">
|
||
August 1978,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD0EFFC32715F7E531B3FD3DF95A" box="[685,712,1710,1734]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" type="generic">12</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
♂1♀, leg. Shuyong Wang; Zhejiang, West Mt. Tianmushan, Kaishan Laodian,
|
||
<date id="FFF31047FFC32715F5A631CCFE64F975" box="[238,401,1745,1769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" value="2010-08-03">3 August 2010</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD0EFFC32715F4D531CCFE4BF974" box="[413,446,1745,1769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" type="generic">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
1♀, leg Kai Shi. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5CAE42FFC32715F73731CCFD16F975" box="[639,739,1745,1769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203">MZAFU</collectionCode>
|
||
); Zhejiang, Mt. Tianmushan, Sanmutian,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD0EFFC32715F1EE31CCFB32F974" box="[1190,1223,1745,1769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFF31047FFC32715F19D31CDFA8DF975" box="[1237,1400,1744,1769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" value="2011-08-05">5 August 2011</date>
|
||
, leg. Qian Zhang. Fujian, Mt. Wuyishan,
|
||
<date id="FFF31047FFC32715F75C31EEFD30F897" box="[532,709,1779,1803]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" value="2009-08-11">11 August 2009</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD0EFFC32715F79931EEFD07F896" box="[721,754,1779,1803]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg. Xiaoyan Hu and Fang Zhong; Mt. Wuyi,
|
||
<date id="FFF31047FFC32715F1BF31EEFA52F897" box="[1271,1447,1779,1803]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" value="2012-08-13">13 August 2012</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD0EFFC32715F5C0300BFF5FF8B1" box="[136,170,1814,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg. Yuyan Cao (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5CAE42FFC32715F424300BFE31F8B2" box="[364,452,1814,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203">MAHU</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF23687FFC32715F5F53025FCF3F8CC" blockId="8.[136,1459,1675,2080]" box="[189,774,1848,1872]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203">
|
||
Distribution.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7617FFC32715F4043025FE79F8CC" box="[332,396,1848,1872]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="203">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF23687FFC32714F5F53046FAAEFE98" blockId="8.[136,1459,1675,2080]" lastBlockId="9.[136,1453,236,572]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="204" pageId="8" pageNumber="203">
|
||
Remarks.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68825FFC32715F4633046FE7BF8EF" box="[299,398,1883,1907]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFC32715F4FE3046FD70F8EF" box="[438,645,1883,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC32715F4FE3046FD70F8EF" box="[438,645,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="203">Neolucanus nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a medium-sized male without mandibles in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5CAE42FFC32715F1CD3046FB2CF8EF" box="[1157,1241,1883,1907]" pageId="8" pageNumber="203">OXUM</collectionCode>
|
||
, as Saunders wrote that “mandibles wanting in all the specimens sent home”. In the field,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFC32715F6343063FC11F80A" box="[892,996,1918,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC32715F6343063FC11F80A" box="[892,996,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="203">N. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily recognized by its shiny dark body color, short and stout mandibles and narrowly subrectangular canthus. However, there are wrong species diagnoses in the two widely used books published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B76FFC32715F70E30DEFC9BF847" author="Mizunuma, T. & Nagai, S." bookContentInfo="339 pp." box="[582,878,1987,2011]" journalOrPublisher="Mushi-sha Iconographic Series of Insects, 1" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" refString="Mizunuma, T., Nagai, S. 1994. The Lucanid Beetles of the World. Mushi-sha Iconographic Series of Insects, 1: 339 pp., 115 figs., 156 pls." title="The Lucanid Beetles of the World" type="book" year="1994">Mizunuma & Nagai (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B76FFC32715F6ED30DEFBC3F847" author="Fujita, H." box="[933,1078,1987,2011]" journalOrPublisher="Mushi-sha's Iconographic Series of Insects" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" pagination="1 - 488" part="6" refString="Fujita, H. 2010. The lucanid beetles of the world. Mushi-sha's Iconographic Series of Insects, 6: 1 - 488, pls 1 - 248." title="The lucanid beetles of the world" type="journal article" year="2010">Fujita (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In the former book, specimens of the figures (126–1, 2,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B62FFC32715F43430F8FE52F862" box="[380,423,2021,2046]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
pl. 19) were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFC32715F77530FBFD52F862" box="[573,679,2022,2046]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC32715F77530FBFD52F862" box="[573,679,2022,2046]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="203">N. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
actually, but those of the figures (126–3, 4, 6, 7–10) should belong to other species. Specimens of the figures (305–
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B62FFC32715F73D3F15FD4DF7BC" box="[629,696,2056,2080]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4223999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="203" unit="in" value="5.6">5, 6 in</quantity>
|
||
pl. 50) in the book of Fujita were wrongly diagnosed, too. In order to identify this species well, its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68825FFC22714F4F637F1FDEEFE98" box="[446,539,236,260]" pageId="9" pageNumber="204" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(Figs 17–18) and intraspecific variations (Figs 13–16) are given in this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF23687FFC22714F5F53612FEE7FDA0" blockId="9.[136,1453,236,572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">
|
||
As mentioned above, this species also has the puzzle of “subspecies”.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B76FFC22714F6853612FBA9FEBB" author="Fujita, H." box="[973,1116,271,295]" journalOrPublisher="Mushi-sha's Iconographic Series of Insects" pageId="9" pageNumber="204" pagination="1 - 488" part="6" refString="Fujita, H. 2010. The lucanid beetles of the world. Mushi-sha's Iconographic Series of Insects, 6: 1 - 488, pls 1 - 248." title="The lucanid beetles of the world" type="journal article" year="2010">Fujita (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded six subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFC22714F0DB360DFF24FED6" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC22714F0DB360DFF24FED6" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">N. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without full discussions. Two of them,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFC22714F732362FFCC7FED6" box="[634,818,306,330]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nitidus" subSpecies="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC22714F732362FFCC7FED6" box="[634,818,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">N. nitidus nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFC22714F62E362FFB84FED6" box="[870,1137,306,330]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nitidus" subSpecies="hengshanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC22714F62E362FFB84FED6" box="[870,1137,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">N. nitidus hengshanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have been compared before. Relationships of other four ones,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFC22714F4B53648FC9AFEF0" authority="Boileau, 1914" authorityName="Boileau" authorityYear="1914" box="[509,879,340,364]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nitidus" subSpecies="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC22714F4B53648FD38FEF0" box="[509,717,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">N. nitidus robustus</emphasis>
|
||
Boileau, 1914
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7617FFC22714F6883649FC0DFEF0" box="[960,1016,340,364]" name="Laos" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFC22714F1473648FEFFFE13" authority="Ichikawa & Fujita, 1987" authorityName="Ichikawa & Fujita" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nitidus" subSpecies="maekajanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC22714F1473648FAD4FEF0" box="[1039,1313,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">N. nitidus maekajanensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B76FFC22714F0633649FEFFFE13" author="Ichikawa, T. & Fujita, H." journalOrPublisher="Gekkan Mushi" pageId="9" pageNumber="204" pagination="12 - 13" part="197" refString="Ichikawa, T., Fujita, H. 1987. Two new subspecies of Neolucanus swinhoei Bates from South-West China and Thailand (Coleoptera, Lucanidae). Gekkan Mushi, 197: 12 - 13." title="Two new subspecies of Neolucanus swinhoei Bates from South-West China and Thailand (Coleoptera, Lucanidae)" type="journal article" year="1987">Ichikawa & Fujita, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from Northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7617FFC22714F4F7366AFDD7FE13" box="[447,546,375,399]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFC22714F77D3665FC69FE13" authority="Bomans, 1989" authorityName="Bomans" authorityYear="1989" box="[565,924,375,399]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nitidus" subSpecies="rutilans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC22714F77D3665FD0FFE13" box="[565,762,375,399]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">N. nitidus rutilans</emphasis>
|
||
Bomans, 1989
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from Fujian,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7617FFC22714F174366AFB8BFE13" box="[1084,1150,375,399]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFC22714F1F33665FECAFE2E" authority="Mizunuma, 1994" authorityName="Mizunuma" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nitidus" subSpecies="hainanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC22714F1F33665FA5EFE13" box="[1211,1451,375,399]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">N. nitidus hainanensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B76FFC22714F5C03687FECAFE2E" author="Mizunuma, T. & Nagai, S." bookContentInfo="339 pp." box="[136,319,410,434]" journalOrPublisher="Mushi-sha Iconographic Series of Insects, 1" pageId="9" pageNumber="204" refString="Mizunuma, T., Nagai, S. 1994. The Lucanid Beetles of the World. Mushi-sha Iconographic Series of Insects, 1: 339 pp., 115 figs., 156 pls." title="The Lucanid Beetles of the World" type="book" year="1994">Mizunuma, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from Hainan,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7617FFC22714F4AE3687FDD2FE2E" box="[486,551,410,434]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
) need to study in detail. We have briefly examined
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68825FFC22714F11D3687FB76FE2E" box="[1109,1155,410,434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68825FFC22714F0673687FAA8FE2E" box="[1327,1373,410,434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">type</typeStatus>
|
||
photos of them. In our opinion, three of them (
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC22714F73A36A1FD4BFE48" box="[626,702,444,468]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">robstus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC22714F79E36A1FCA0FE48" box="[726,853,444,468]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">hainanensis</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC22714F6D236A1FC18FE48" box="[922,1005,444,468]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">rutilans</emphasis>
|
||
) could be fully separate species, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC22714F5C036C2FED0FE6B" box="[136,293,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">maekajanensis</emphasis>
|
||
could be a synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC22714F76036C2FD76FE6B" box="[552,643,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">robustus</emphasis>
|
||
. But it is difficult to clarify their taxonomic status unless a good number of specimens of these “subspecies” are examined. Because of this, we treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D04FFC22714F6F4351FFBD0FD86" box="[956,1061,514,538]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Neolucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA95FFC22714F6F4351FFBD0FD86" box="[956,1061,514,538]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="204">N. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a monotypic species temporarily in this paper.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |