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<treatment id="03D5FF23FFA2D857FF20FF2FFBCEFF2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D5FF23FFA2D857FF20FF2FFBCEFF2C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D5FF23FFA2D857FF20FF2FFBCEFF2C" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="525" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">
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<paragraph id="8BC34E35FFA2D854FF20FF2FFE76FF2C" blockId="13.[151,507,151,178]" box="[151,507,151,178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">
<heading id="D08BF959FFA2D854FF20FF2FFE76FF2C" bold="true" box="[151,507,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C35B6FFA2D854FF20FF2FFE76FF2C" ID-CoL="8BGDM" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[151,507,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riparius">
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA2D854FF20FF2FFE76FF2C" bold="true" box="[151,507,151,178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA2D854FF20FF2FFE1BFF2C" bold="true" box="[151,406,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">Chironomus riparius</emphasis>
Meigen
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3661DBEFFA2D857FF20FF67FBCEFF2C" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="525" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC34E35FFA2D854FF20FF67FBB3FD34" blockId="13.[151,1437,223,718]" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">
The chromosome set is 2n = 8. AB and CD chromosomes are metacentric, EF—submetacentric G—telocentric. The centromeric regions of all chromosomes are distinct large bands (
<figureCitation id="134752B0FFA2D854FC06FEBBFB8BFE80" box="[945,1030,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[413,1169,757,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-257@13.[397,1191,741,1810]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 12. Polytene chromosomes of Chironomus riparius. The numbers on the chromosome arms indicate the “basic”sequences.The large arrows show the localization of the centromere region. The small arrow on chromosome G indicates the marker sequences required for species identification. BR—Balbiani Ring, NOR—Nuclear Organizer Region. A, B, C, D, E, F, G—arms of the chromosomes. Scale bar, 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11239759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11239759/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). The polytene chromosomes of the species have the same band sequence as that of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C35B6FFA2D854FD09FE90FC9EFEDF" authorityName="Strenzke" authorityYear="1959" box="[702,787,296,322]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piger">
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA2D854FD09FE90FC9EFEDF" box="[702,787,296,322]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">C.piger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They both species are homosequential. The localization of the “basic” sequences in every chromosome arm of the polytene chromosomes is the same as that of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C35B6FFA2D854FA8FFEF4FA18FEF8" authorityName="Strenzke" authorityYear="1959" box="[1336,1429,332,358]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piger">
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA2D854FA8FFEF4FA18FEF8" box="[1336,1429,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">C. piger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The markers of chromosome G are the same as that of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C35B6FFA2D854FCA5FEC8FCFDFE14" authorityName="Strenzke" authorityYear="1959" box="[786,880,368,394]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piger">
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA2D854FCA5FEC8FCFDFE14" box="[786,880,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">C. piger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The species is a model species for studying the influence of various environmental pollutants on the genome structure (
<bibRefCitation id="EFED33C4FFA2D854FC09FE2BFB4EFE30" author="Michailova, P. &amp; Sella, G. &amp; Petrova, N." box="[958,1219,403,430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" pagination="218 - 230" refId="ref9553" refString="Michailova, P., Sella, G. &amp; Petrova, N. (2012) Chironomids (Diptera) and their salivary gland chromosomes as indicators of trace metal genotoxicology. Italian Journal of Zoology, 79, 218 - 230. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2011.622084" type="journal article" year="2012">
Michailova
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA2D854FBFFFE2CFBF4FE30" box="[1096,1145,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFED33C4FFA2D854FB78FE2BFA86FE30" author="Michailova, P. &amp; Ilkova, J. &amp; White, K." box="[1231,1291,403,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" pagination="43 - 49" refId="ref9365" refString="Michailova, P., Ilkova, J. &amp; White, K. (2022) New genomic approach for assessing pollution of aquatic ecosystems (Review). Quest Journals, Journal of Research in Environmental and Earth Sciences, 8 (2), 43 - 49. [https: // www. questjournals. org / jrees / archive. html]" type="journal article" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFED33C4FFA2D854FAA1FE2CFF59FE4C" author="Duran, M. &amp; Michailova, P. &amp; Sari, A. &amp; Ilkova, J. &amp; Sen, A. &amp; Karadurmus, E." pageId="13" pageNumber="524" pagination="167 - 173" refId="ref8132" refString="Duran, M., Michailova, P., Sari, A., Ilkova, J., Sen, A. &amp; Karadurmus, E. (2012) Assessment of the sediment toxicity in Bulgarian and Turkish Rivers using the biomarkers in Chironomus riparius Mg. (Diptera, Chironomidae). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, Supplement 4, 167 - 173." type="journal article" year="2012">
Duran
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA2D854FAD3FE2CFA18FE30" box="[1380,1429,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
). Since the species is easily grown in laboratory conditions, studies were conducted on the influence of various heavy metal ions in different concentrations on the structural-functional organization of its polytene chromosomes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFED33C4FFA2D854FF28FE47FE21FD84" author="Michailova, P. &amp; Petrova, N. &amp; Ilkova, J. &amp; Bovero S. &amp; Brunetti, S. &amp; White, K. &amp; Sella, G." box="[159,428,511,538]" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" pagination="647 - 654" refId="ref9470" refString="Michailova, P., Petrova, N., Ilkova, J., Bovero S., Brunetti, S., White, K. &amp; Sella, G. (2006) Genotoxic effect of cooper on salivary gland chromosomes of Chironomus riparius Meigen 1804 (Diрtera, Chironomidae). Environmental Pollution, USA, 144 (2), 647 - 654. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. envpol. 2005.12.041" type="journal article" year="2006">
Michailova
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA2D854FE9DFDB8FED3FD84" box="[298,350,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
). Deletions of BRb and BRc and formations of “pompon” chromosomes G were found only in larvae from the trace metal polluted stations—a good marker for environmental pollution (
<bibRefCitation id="EFED33C4FFA2D854FB49FD9BFF77FDFC" author="Michailova, P. &amp; Ilkova, J. &amp; White, K." pageId="13" pageNumber="524" pagination="43 - 49" refId="ref9365" refString="Michailova, P., Ilkova, J. &amp; White, K. (2022) New genomic approach for assessing pollution of aquatic ecosystems (Review). Quest Journals, Journal of Research in Environmental and Earth Sciences, 8 (2), 43 - 49. [https: // www. questjournals. org / jrees / archive. html]" type="journal article" year="2022">
Michailova
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA2D854FA3FFD9CFF20FDFC" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">et al</emphasis>
. 2022
</bibRefCitation>
). In the
<taxonomicName id="4C7C35B6FFA2D854FEEEFDF0FE58FDFC" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[345,469,584,610]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riparius">
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA2D854FEEEFDF0FE58FDFC" box="[345,469,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">C. riparius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae from Pancharevo Lake, living in sediments containing high concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn, salivary gland cells containing somatic rearrangements appeared at a significantly higher frequency (51.92%) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFED33C4FFA2D854FEB8FD37FE56FD34" author="Ilkova, J. &amp; Hankeln, T. &amp; Schmidt, E. &amp; Michailova, P. &amp; Petrova, N. &amp; Sella, G. &amp; White K." box="[271,475,655,682]" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" pagination="299 - 308" refId="ref8326" refString="Ilkova, J., Hankeln, T., Schmidt, E., Michailova, P., Petrova, N., Sella, G. &amp; White K. (2007) Genome instability of Chironomus riparius Mg. and Chironomus piger Strenzke (Diptera, Chironomidae). Caryologia, 60 (4), 299 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00087114.2007.10797951" type="journal article" year="2007">
Ilkova
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA2D854FEE8FD28FE1DFD34" box="[351,400,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
). One hundred and fifty-four individuals were studied.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC34E35FFA2D854FF70FD0BFB52FD50" blockId="13.[151,1437,223,718]" box="[199,1247,691,718]" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA2D854FF70FD0BFEF6FD50" bold="true" box="[199,379,691,717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">Collection sites</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B144468FFA2D854FE3DFD0BFC41FD50" box="[394,972,691,717]" county="South Park" location="Pancharevo Lake" municipality="Bistriza River" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sofiya-Grad">
<collectingRegion id="49B880D7FFA2D854FE3DFD0BFE44FD50" box="[394,457,691,717]" country="Bulgaria" name="Sofiya-Grad" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">Sofia</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="62A236B9FFA2D854FE64FD0BFDDFFD50" box="[467,594,691,717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">South Park</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA7D44FFFA2D854FDEAFD0BFD76FD50" box="[605,763,691,717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">Bistriza River</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EA318EEFFA2D854FCB1FD0BFC41FD50" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D5FF23FFA2D857FF20FF2FFBCEFF2C:8EA318EEFFA2D854FCB1FD0BFC41FD50" box="[774,972,691,717]" county="South Park" municipality="Bistriza River" name="Pancharevo Lake" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" stateProvince="Sofiya-Grad">Pancharevo Lake</location>
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B144468FFA2D854FC60FD0BFB56FD50" box="[983,1243,691,717]" location="Maritza River" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Plovdiv">
<collectingRegion id="49B880D7FFA2D854FC60FD0BFBBEFD50" box="[983,1075,691,717]" country="Bulgaria" name="Plovdiv" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">Plovdiv</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8EA318EEFFA2D854FB8AFD0BFB56FD50" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D5FF23FFA2D857FF20FF2FFBCEFF2C:8EA318EEFFA2D854FB8AFD0BFB56FD50" box="[1085,1243,691,717]" name="Maritza River" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" stateProvince="Plovdiv">Maritza River</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC34E35FFA2D854FF2FF892FD14F833" blockId="13.[151,1436,1834,1966]" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA2D854FF2FF892FEAAF8DF" bold="true" box="[152,295,1834,1858]" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">FIGURE 12</emphasis>
. Polytene chromosomes of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C35B6FFA2D854FDD2F892FCCEF8DF" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[613,835,1834,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riparius">
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA2D854FDD2F892FCCEF8DF" box="[613,835,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">Chironomus riparius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The numbers on the chromosome arms indicate the “basic”sequences. The large arrows show the localization of the centromere region. The small arrow on chromosome G indicates the marker sequences required for species identification. BR—Balbiani Ring, NOR—Nuclear Organizer Region. A, B, C, D, E, F, G—arms of the chromosomes. Scale bar, 10µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC34E35FFA1D857FF20FF2EFBCEFF2C" blockId="14.[151,1091,150,177]" box="[151,1091,150,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="525">
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA1D857FF20FF2EFE65FF2C" bold="true" box="[151,488,150,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="525">Pseudothummi cytocomplex</emphasis>
with chromosome arm combinations: AE, CD, BF G.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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