331 lines
38 KiB
XML
331 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="4E48A85D0047AF37BB226A3B3A5EB9DF" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4267.1.1SLASH11021" ID-CLB-Dataset="33061" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.575641" ID-GBIF-Dataset="810b55e4-b8ba-4368-bf9c-8517ee33e7d0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575641" ID-ZooBank="8920893E-E5F8-482A-A60D-7A248D2B0DCB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1494577389872" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Skelley, Paul, Xu, Guang, Tang, William, Lindström, Anders J., Marler, Thomas, Khuraijam, Jibankumar Singh, Singh, Rita & Rich, Stephen" docDate="2017" docId="03A38781FFECFF84FF70F9D8FA49C4AF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4267.1.1SLASH11021.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4267 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pharaxonotha floridana" docType="key" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FF9AFFF9FFE6FF8FFFE7FFEBFFD5C639" masterDocTitle="Review of Cycadophila Xu, Tang & Skelley (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas (Cycadaceae) in Asia, with descriptions of a new subgenus and thirteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698439510239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8F9A61173ADB8164151CDFD9F05C374E">
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<mods:title id="F161417AC32F7E4300B9B6A247132636">Review of Cycadophila Xu, Tang & Skelley (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas (Cycadaceae) in Asia, with descriptions of a new subgenus and thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B77D34CC9E883026A4F3DD1A9F5CCDDB">Skelley, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5CAE2BAE4D0CCAD86C795F5D814ADB10">Xu, Guang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F947DD88C44FB8FD9D0E2202AE9B3270">Tang, William</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F2B59F25545E8460E5C30114B5D236DD">Lindström, Anders J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F07A19C593044D13710CADBE0F99583E">Marler, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="32194F231008D58867D0A8EF95248732">Khuraijam, Jibankumar Singh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C60D6A7F5277A3A8657CDB07CF920DD2">Singh, Rita</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="21B5DEAB9EDCB6F15D154883A04E4D66">Rich, Stephen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9A4B5112068A538C6F4763A6C273E121">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A008B0CC3B681AEF7464E429F8753D2C">
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<mods:date id="349C14898F0CB27671A821E161E6F686">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3ED5D1C13FD9626C317C7B1EA52DA5D8">4267</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="932D7E9D173C0C6243E7D70286A65CB9" type="CLB-Dataset">33061</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AB79BEA7CA6C063C24AA8AFE7AB4EF2B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.575641</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E14181C61D95296B23CB701E313701B3" type="GBIF-Dataset">810b55e4-b8ba-4368-bf9c-8517ee33e7d0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6341D8D99D29AD3E2B13817066BFF813" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="131C4D26E1B0F6B0D80A6C0FE0D2E5F1" type="Zenodo-Dep">575641</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A38781FFECFF84FF70F9D8FA49C4AF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5999171" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130809494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5999171" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A38781FFECFF84FF70F9D8FA49C4AF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A38781FFECFF84FF70F9D8FA49C4AF" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection id="C310651CFFECFF85FF70F9D8FE78C1CB" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB53697FFECFF85FF70F9D8FB6DC075" blockId="10.[151,1208,1586,1613]" box="[151,1208,1586,1613]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<heading id="D0FD81FBFFECFF85FF70F9D8FB6DC075" bold="true" box="[151,1208,1586,1613]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FF70F9D8FB6DC075" bold="true" box="[151,1208,1586,1613]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Key to larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFECFF85FE82F9D9FD5EC075" box="[357,651,1586,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridana">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FE82F9D9FD5EC075" bold="true" box="[357,651,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pharaxonotha floridana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFECFF85FD7DF9D9FCC6C075" box="[666,787,1586,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirschii">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FD7DF9D9FCC6C075" bold="true" box="[666,787,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. kirschii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and known larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFECFF85FBC6F9D9FB6DC075" box="[1057,1208,1586,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FBC6F9D9FB6DC075" bold="true" box="[1057,1208,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cycadophila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB53697FFECFF85FF70F999FE78C1CB" blockId="10.[151,1437,1650,2035]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed an identical match between one specimen of a newly recognized larval morphotype collected in a male cone of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFECFF85FD8DF97CFCD8C097" box="[618,781,1687,1710]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petraea">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FD8DF97CFCD8C097" box="[618,781,1687,1710]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cycas petraea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(D0331 in
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<figureCitation id="13312A12FFECFF85FC72F97DFC02C096" box="[917,983,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1875,1897]" captionTargetBox="[220,1315,214,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1360,195,1836]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree based on maximum likelihood analysis of 16 S rRNA gene sequences of four species of New World Pharaxonotha and ten species of Asian Cycadophila. Scale bar indicates base pair substitutions per nucleotide position; numbers on the branches of the trees are bootstrap values." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575642/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) and adult
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFECFF85FBB8F97DFED1C0EA" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tansachai" subGenus="Strobilophila">
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||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FBB8F97DFB3BC096" box="[1119,1262,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cycadophila</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FAE6F97DFA46C096" box="[1281,1427,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Strobilophila</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FF70F951FED1C0EA" box="[151,260,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">tansachai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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found in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFECFF85FE91F950FDCDC0EA" box="[374,536,1723,1747]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petraea">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FE91F950FDCDC0EA" box="[374,536,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cycas petraea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFECFF85FDCEF950FD0DC0EA" box="[553,728,1722,1747]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elephantipes">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FDCEF950FD0DC0EA" box="[553,728,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. elephantipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFECFF85FCF4F950FC4BC0EA" box="[787,926,1723,1747]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FCF4F950FC4BC0EA" box="[787,926,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. pectinata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A second sample of this larval morphotype (D0333 in
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<figureCitation id="13312A12FFECFF85FEF1F935FE8DC0CE" box="[278,344,1758,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1875,1897]" captionTargetBox="[220,1315,214,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1360,195,1836]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree based on maximum likelihood analysis of 16 S rRNA gene sequences of four species of New World Pharaxonotha and ten species of Asian Cycadophila. Scale bar indicates base pair substitutions per nucleotide position; numbers on the branches of the trees are bootstrap values." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575642/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) from a male cone of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFECFF85FD83F934FD3AC0CF" box="[612,751,1759,1782]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FD83F934FD3AC0CF" box="[612,751,1759,1782]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. pectinata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFECFF85FCFEF935FCAAC0CE" box="[793,895,1758,1783]" name="Thailand" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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, however, did not match these sampled adults. Based on this analysis this larval morphotype is placed in subgenus
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FC7EF8E9FBFEC122" box="[921,1067,1794,1819]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Strobilophila</emphasis>
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, but is not assigned to a specific species. The unmatched
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FE55F8CDFD91C106" box="[434,580,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Strobilophila</emphasis>
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larva may correspond with
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFECFF85FC6DF8CDFB40C107" box="[906,1173,1830,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi" subGenus="Strobilophila">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FC6DF8CDFBCCC106" box="[906,1049,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cycadophila</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FBCBF8CCFBEFC107" box="[1068,1082,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
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||
.)
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FBB3F8CCFB40C107" box="[1108,1173,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">yangi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FB72F8CCFB4CC107" box="[1173,1177,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">,</emphasis>
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one of two species of adults of subgenus
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FE91F8A1FDDDC15A" box="[374,520,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Strobilophila</emphasis>
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found together on the cones of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFECFF85FC99F8A0FBE1C15A" box="[894,1076,1867,1891]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FC99F8A0FBE1C15A" box="[894,1076,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cycas pectinata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFECFF85FBB9F8A1FB17C15A" box="[1118,1218,1866,1891]" name="Thailand" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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[see also Remarks under description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFECFF85FE76F884FDFFC1BF" box="[401,554,1903,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi" subGenus="Strobilophila">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FE76F884FE71C1BF" box="[401,420,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C</emphasis>
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||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FE26F884FE1AC1BF" box="[449,463,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
|
||
.)
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FE0BF884FDFFC1BF" box="[492,554,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">yangi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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]. The key to larvae below includes our new morphotype of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFECFF85FAEAF885FEEEC192" authority="Strobilophila" authorityName="Strobilophila" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FAEAF885FA49C1BE" box="[1293,1436,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cycadophila</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FF47F879FEE7C192" box="[160,306,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Strobilophila</emphasis>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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spp., two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFECFF85FDCCF879FCB1C192" box="[555,868,1938,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FDCCF879FD6FC192" box="[555,698,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cycadophila</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FD2BF879FC8EC192" box="[716,859,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cycadophila</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
previously described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFECFF85FB64F878FAECC192" box="[1155,1337,1938,1963]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Xu, G., Tang, W., Skelley, P., Liu, N., & Rich, S. (2015) Cycadophila, a new genus (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas debaoensis (Cycadaceae) in Asia. Zootaxa, 3986 (3), 251 - 278." type="journal article">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FB4AF87FFB32C192" box="[1197,1255,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and two other larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFECFF85FEAEF85DFDD0C1F6" box="[329,517,1974,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pharaxonothinae">Pharaxonothinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFECFF85FD66F85DFCAAC1F6" box="[641,895,1974,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirschii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FD66F85DFCAAC1F6" box="[641,895,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pharaxonotha kirschii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFECFF85FBD6F85DFAB7C1F6" author="Boving" box="[1073,1378,1974,1999]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Boving, A. G. & Craighead, F. C. (1930) An illustrated synopsis of the principal larval forms of the order Coleoptera. Entomologica Americana, 11 (1), 1 - 34, Pl. 28." type="journal article" year="1930">Böving & Craighead 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFECFF85FF70F831FE73C1CA" box="[151,422,2010,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFECFF85FF70F831FE73C1CA" box="[151,422,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pharaxonotha floridana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310651CFFEDFF84FF70FF7CFA49C4AF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="key">
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE2E32FFEDFF84FF70FF7CFA49C73A" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFEDFF84FF70FF7CFA4EC6F0" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,663]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB95A2FFEDFF84FF70FF7CFA4EC6F0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1. Paired tubercles t1 anterior to urogomphi on A9 without apical hook, but with a short subapical spine pointing posteriad or with apical hook and subapical spine both absent............................................................ 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFEDFF84FF70FF3AFA49C73A" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,663]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB95A2FFEDFF84FF70FF3AFA49C73A" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Paired tubercles t1 anterior to urogomphi on A9 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A12FFEDFF84FD35FF3AFCC0C6DF" box="[722,789,209,230]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of key characters of larvae: terminal segments of abdomen, lateral and dorsal view (t 1 – t 3 indicate basal tubercles of urogomphi): A – B) Pharaxonotha floridana; C – D) Cycadophila (C.) debaonica; E – F) C. (C.) fupingensis; head, ventral view: G) C. (C.) fupingensis; right mandible, dissected, ventral view: H) C. (C.) fupingensis; I) C. (C.) debaonica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575644/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C–F, 15C–D) each with an apical hook, shaped like a bird head, pointing posteriad.....................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFEDFF84FB34FF06FAA7C73A" bold="true" box="[1235,1394,237,259]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFEDFF84FB34FF06FA9AC73A" box="[1235,1359,237,259]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFEDFF84FB34FF06FA9AC73A" bold="true" box="[1235,1359,237,259]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cycadophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
... 3
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE2E32FFEDFF84FF70FEE0FA49C705" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFEDFF84FF70FEE0FA49C719" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,663]" box="[151,1436,266,288]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB95A2FFEDFF84FF70FEE0FA49C719" box="[151,1436,266,288]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
2. Paired tubercle t1 with a short subapical spine pointing posteriad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A12FFEDFF84FCBCFEE0FC49C719" box="[859,924,267,288]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of key characters of larvae: terminal segments of abdomen, lateral and dorsal view (t 1 – t 3 indicate basal tubercles of urogomphi): A – B) Pharaxonotha floridana; C – D) Cycadophila (C.) debaonica; E – F) C. (C.) fupingensis; head, ventral view: G) C. (C.) fupingensis; right mandible, dissected, ventral view: H) C. (C.) fupingensis; I) C. (C.) debaonica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575644/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B)..........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFEDFF84FBBFFEE1FA49C719" authority="Casey" authorityName="Casey" box="[1112,1436,266,288]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFEDFF84FBBFFEE1FA49C719" bold="true" box="[1112,1436,266,288]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFEDFF84FBBFFEE1FA9CC719" bold="true" box="[1112,1353,266,288]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pharaxonotha floridana</emphasis>
|
||
(Casey)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFEDFF84FF70FECCFA49C705" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,663]" box="[151,1436,295,317]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB95A2FFEDFF84FF70FECCFA49C705" box="[151,1436,295,317]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Paired tubercle t1 without a subapical spine........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFEDFF84FB88FECCFA49C705" authority="Reitter" authorityName="Reitter" box="[1135,1436,295,317]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirschii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFEDFF84FB88FECCFA49C705" bold="true" box="[1135,1436,295,317]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFEDFF84FB88FECCFA9BC704" bold="true" box="[1135,1358,295,317]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pharaxonotha kirschii</emphasis>
|
||
Reitter
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE2E32FFEDFF84FF70FEAFFA49C7D0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFEDFF84FF70FEAFFA49C7AA" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,663]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB95A2FFEDFF84FF70FEAFFA49C7AA" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
3. Urogomphi length measured from tubercle t3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A12FFEDFF84FD47FEAFFD02C760" box="[672,727,324,345]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of key characters of larvae: terminal segments of abdomen, lateral and dorsal view (t 1 – t 3 indicate basal tubercles of urogomphi): A – B) Pharaxonotha floridana; C – D) Cycadophila (C.) debaonica; E – F) C. (C.) fupingensis; head, ventral view: G) C. (C.) fupingensis; right mandible, dissected, ventral view: H) C. (C.) fupingensis; I) C. (C.) debaonica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575644/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D) <length of segment A9; tubercle t1 anterior to urogomphi with base tilting in antero-dorsal direction away from apices of urogomphi (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A12FFEDFF84FCB0FE8AFC45C74F" box="[855,912,353,374]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of key characters of larvae: terminal segments of abdomen, lateral and dorsal view (t 1 – t 3 indicate basal tubercles of urogomphi): A – B) Pharaxonotha floridana; C – D) Cycadophila (C.) debaonica; E – F) C. (C.) fupingensis; head, ventral view: G) C. (C.) fupingensis; right mandible, dissected, ventral view: H) C. (C.) fupingensis; I) C. (C.) debaonica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575644/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C); mandibles with dorsal incisor serrate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A12FFEDFF84FAC4FE8AFA8EC74F" box="[1315,1371,353,374]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of key characters of larvae: terminal segments of abdomen, lateral and dorsal view (t 1 – t 3 indicate basal tubercles of urogomphi): A – B) Pharaxonotha floridana; C – D) Cycadophila (C.) debaonica; E – F) C. (C.) fupingensis; head, ventral view: G) C. (C.) fupingensis; right mandible, dissected, ventral view: H) C. (C.) fupingensis; I) C. (C.) debaonica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575644/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFB41057FFEDFF84FAA8FE8AFA8EC74F" box="[1359,1371,353,374]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I).......................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFEDFF84FCB1FE96FA49C7AA" authority="Xu, Tang & Skelley" authorityName="Xu, Tang & Skelley" box="[854,1436,381,403]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debaonica" subGenus="Cycadophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFEDFF84FCB1FE96FA49C7AA" bold="true" box="[854,1436,381,403]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFEDFF84FCB1FE96FC07C7AA" bold="true" box="[854,978,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cycadophila</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFEDFF84FC07FE96FB89C7AA" bold="true" box="[992,1116,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cycadophila</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFEDFF84FB8DFE96FB1AC7AA" bold="true" box="[1130,1231,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">debaonica</emphasis>
|
||
Xu, Tang & Skelley
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFEDFF84FF70FE70FA49C7D0" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,663]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB95A2FFEDFF84FF70FE70FA49C7D0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Urogomphi length measured from tubercle t3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A12FFEDFF84FD44FE70FD0FC789" box="[675,730,411,432]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of key characters of larvae: terminal segments of abdomen, lateral and dorsal view (t 1 – t 3 indicate basal tubercles of urogomphi): A – B) Pharaxonotha floridana; C – D) Cycadophila (C.) debaonica; E – F) C. (C.) fupingensis; head, ventral view: G) C. (C.) fupingensis; right mandible, dissected, ventral view: H) C. (C.) fupingensis; I) C. (C.) debaonica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575644/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F) = or>length of segment A9; tubercle t1 anterior to urogomphi with base vertical or tilting in postero-dorsal direction toward apices of urogomphi (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A12FFEDFF84FC32FE5CFBC3C7F5" box="[981,1046,439,460]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of key characters of larvae: terminal segments of abdomen, lateral and dorsal view (t 1 – t 3 indicate basal tubercles of urogomphi): A – B) Pharaxonotha floridana; C – D) Cycadophila (C.) debaonica; E – F) C. (C.) fupingensis; head, ventral view: G) C. (C.) fupingensis; right mandible, dissected, ventral view: H) C. (C.) fupingensis; I) C. (C.) debaonica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575644/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E, 15C); incisors of mandible not serrate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A12FFEDFF84FF0FFE3FFEFCC7D0" box="[232,297,468,489]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of key characters of larvae: terminal segments of abdomen, lateral and dorsal view (t 1 – t 3 indicate basal tubercles of urogomphi): A – B) Pharaxonotha floridana; C – D) Cycadophila (C.) debaonica; E – F) C. (C.) fupingensis; head, ventral view: G) C. (C.) fupingensis; right mandible, dissected, ventral view: H) C. (C.) fupingensis; I) C. (C.) debaonica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575644/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
H, 15F)......................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFEDFF84FA77FE3FFA49C7D0" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,468,489]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE2E32FFEDFF84FF70FE1AFA49C4AF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFEDFF84FF70FE1AFA4EC479" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,663]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB95A2FFEDFF84FF70FE1AFA4EC479" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
4. Length of antennomere II ~ 2× own width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A12FFEDFF84FD6FFE1AFD14C43F" box="[648,705,497,518]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of key characters of larvae: terminal segments of abdomen, lateral and dorsal view (t 1 – t 3 indicate basal tubercles of urogomphi): A – B) Pharaxonotha floridana; C – D) Cycadophila (C.) debaonica; E – F) C. (C.) fupingensis; head, ventral view: G) C. (C.) fupingensis; right mandible, dissected, ventral view: H) C. (C.) fupingensis; I) C. (C.) debaonica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575644/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G); sclerotized dorsal plates on abdominal segments A1–A8 with 2 pairs of tubercles along posterior margin, tubercle color brown, slightly darker than dorsal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A12FFEDFF84FB9EFDE5FB63C41A" box="[1145,1206,526,547]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of key characters of larvae: terminal segments of abdomen, lateral and dorsal view (t 1 – t 3 indicate basal tubercles of urogomphi): A – B) Pharaxonotha floridana; C – D) Cycadophila (C.) debaonica; E – F) C. (C.) fupingensis; head, ventral view: G) C. (C.) fupingensis; right mandible, dissected, ventral view: H) C. (C.) fupingensis; I) C. (C.) debaonica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575644/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F); turbercle t3 on A9 prominent in dorsal view, larger than t2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A12FFEDFF84FD8FFDC0FD74C479" box="[616,673,555,576]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[201,1384,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of key characters of larvae: terminal segments of abdomen, lateral and dorsal view (t 1 – t 3 indicate basal tubercles of urogomphi): A – B) Pharaxonotha floridana; C – D) Cycadophila (C.) debaonica; E – F) C. (C.) fupingensis; head, ventral view: G) C. (C.) fupingensis; right mandible, dissected, ventral view: H) C. (C.) fupingensis; I) C. (C.) debaonica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575644/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F)............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFEDFF84FCADFDC1FA4EC479" authority="Skelley, Tang & Xu" authorityName="Skelley, Tang & Xu" box="[842,1435,554,576]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fupingensis" subGenus="Cycadophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFEDFF84FCADFDC1FA4EC479" bold="true" box="[842,1435,554,576]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFEDFF84FCADFDC1FC13C479" bold="true" box="[842,966,554,576]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cycadophila</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFEDFF84FC33FDC1FB85C479" bold="true" box="[980,1104,554,576]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cycadophila</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFEDFF84FBBAFDC1FB05C479" bold="true" box="[1117,1232,554,576]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">fupingensis</emphasis>
|
||
Skelley, Tang & Xu
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFEDFF84FF70FDACFA49C4AF" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,663]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB95A2FFEDFF84FF70FDACFA49C4AF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Length of antennomere II ~ 3× own width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A12FFEDFF84FD62FDACFD1FC465" box="[645,714,583,604]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,193,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[155,1432,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 15. Photographs of Cycadophila (Strobilophila) larvae: A – B) lateral and dorsal habitus; C – D) terminal segments of abdomen, dorsal and lateral views; E) head and prothorax, ventral view; F) right mandible, dissected, ventral view; G) maxillary palp, mala and labial palps, dissected, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575656/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
E); sclerotized dorsal plates on abdominal segments A1–A8 with 5–6 pairs of tubercles along posterior margin, tubercles light-colored, contrasting with brown of dorsal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A12FFEDFF84FB51FD8FFB29C440" box="[1206,1276,612,633]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,193,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[155,1432,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 15. Photographs of Cycadophila (Strobilophila) larvae: A – B) lateral and dorsal habitus; C – D) terminal segments of abdomen, dorsal and lateral views; E) head and prothorax, ventral view; F) right mandible, dissected, ventral view; G) maxillary palp, mala and labial palps, dissected, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575656/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
D); turbercles t2 and t3 on A
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B72FFEDFF84FEB5FD6AFEA3C4AF" box="[338,374,641,662]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
|
||
dorsal view equal in size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A12FFEDFF84FD91FD6AFD16C4AF" box="[630,707,641,662]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,193,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[155,1432,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 15. Photographs of Cycadophila (Strobilophila) larvae: A – B) lateral and dorsal habitus; C – D) terminal segments of abdomen, dorsal and lateral views; E) head and prothorax, ventral view; F) right mandible, dissected, ventral view; G) maxillary palp, mala and labial palps, dissected, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575656/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
D)......................
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFEDFF84FC11FD6AFA49C4AF" bold="true" box="[1014,1436,641,663]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFEDFF84FC11FD6AFADDC4AF" authority="Strobilophila" authorityName="Strobilophila" box="[1014,1288,641,663]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFEDFF84FC11FD6AFBA7C4AE" bold="true" box="[1014,1138,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cycadophila</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFEDFF84FB67FD6AFAD5C4AE" bold="true" box="[1152,1280,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Strobilophila</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
new subgenus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |