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<mods:title id="94EAD5A8608A38C35FFA9CD53954F1C0">Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BC38FA32FB8FFA00" bold="true" box="[888,1133,1510,1533]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">ZYGOPHYLAX LIGHTI</emphasis>
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GU &amp; SONG 
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<paragraph id="3C043B24FF85FFB9BCAFF9D9FB0CF9DB" blockId="16.[1007,1262,1549,1574]" box="[1007,1262,1549,1574]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">
(
<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF85FFB9BCB7F9D9FBB2F9DB" box="[1015,1104,1549,1574]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="18.[161,239,1330,1352]" captionTargetBox="[243,1363,197,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-173@18.[243,1363,197,1291]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 12. Type material of Zygophylax lighti sp. nov.A, a colony; B, hydrothecal arrangement; C, two axillary hydrothecae and four gonothecae; D, magnification of an axillary hydrotheca; E, magnification of nematothecae (arrow); F, I, hydrotheca, the arrow in I indicates a nematotheca; G, J, magnification of the indentation (arrows); H, magnification of an oblique hydrothecal diaphragm (arrow); K–M, gonothecae; N, gonotheca with dichotomous defensive tubes; O, magnification of a node (arrow) on the defensive tubes. A–O: XMUB7904, holotype, South China Sea. A–H, K, L, light microscope images; I, J, M–O, SEM images. Scale bars:A = 5 mm; B, C = 1 mm, D, F, I, M, N = 200 µm; E, G, H = 100 µm; J, O = 50 µm; K, L = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035354/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">FIGS 12</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF85FFB9BB1DF9D9FB48F9DB" box="[1117,1194,1549,1574]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="19.[142,225,649,671]" captionTargetBox="[230,1341,200,606]" captionTargetId="figure-672@19.[224,1346,195,609]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 13. Hydrothecal arrangement and gonothecae of three new species. A, B, Zygophylax lighti sp. nov.; C, D, Z. pseudosibogae sp. nov.; E, F, Z. tankahkeei sp. nov. A, C, E, hydrothecal arrangement, the bases of hydrothecal pedicels are unilateral arranged, and the distal hydrothecal ends alternately turn left and right, respectively; B, D, F, gonothecae (with defensive tubes). Scale bars: A–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035358/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">13A, B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF85FFB9BBF8F9D9FB04F9DB" box="[1208,1254,1549,1574]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="20.[163,242,1113,1135]" captionTargetBox="[245,1357,198,1071]" captionTargetId="figure-259@20.[241,1364,195,1073]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 14. Morphological comparisons of selected zygophylacids with curved hydrothecae. A, Zygophylax lighti sp. nov.; B, Z. tankahkeei sp. nov.; C, Z. pseudosibogae sp. nov.; D, E, Z. sibogae Billard, 1918; F, Z. unilateralis Totton, 1930; G, Z. convallaria (Allman, 1877); H, Z. infundibulum Millard, 1958; I, Z. concinna (Ritchie, 1911); J, Z. reflexa (Fraser, 1948); K, Z. adhaerens (Fraser, 1938), hydrothecal basal portion is adherent on the hydrocladium; L, Z. tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890; M, Z. kakaiba Campos, Marques, Puce &amp; Pérez, 2016; N, Z. curvitheca Stechow, 1913; O, Cryptolaria prima Busk, 1858, the hydrotheca is almost completely immersed in the hydrocladium. A, XMUB7904, holotype; B, XMUB6200-1, holotype; C, ZSM 20220300, holotype; N, ZSM 20043572, paralectotype. The following images were redrawn from the related original descriptions: D, Schuchert (2003); E, Billard (1918); F, Totton (1930); G, Allman (1877); H, Millard (1958); I, Ritchie (1911); J, Fraser (1948); K, Fraser (1938); L, Kirkpatrick (1890), Hirohito (1995); M, Campos et al. (2016); O, Busk (1858), Ralph (1958). All arrows indicate hydrothecal indentations. Scale bars: A–D, F–I, L–O = 500 µm; E, J, K, unknown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035360/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">14A</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BC7BF9E2FB6AF9B6" box="[827,1160,1589,1611]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n:</emphasis>
urn: lsid: zoobank. org:act: 
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locality:
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<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BC7BF912FC5EF926" box="[827,956,1734,1755]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Etymology:</emphasis>
The specific name honours Professor 
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Felty Light (1886–1947) who served as the chairman of the Department of Zoology at Xiamen University from 1922 to 1924, and memorizes the centenary celebration of the biological disciplines in Xiamen University. Light’s systematic studies on marine invertebrates initiated the early development of marine science at the Xiamen University.
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<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF84FFB8BFD1FD72FEEAFD46" bold="true" box="[145,264,678,700]" pageId="17" pageNumber="69">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FBBB40A7FF84FFB8BE54FD7CFD30FD41" authority="Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992" authorityName="Ramil &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1992" box="[276,722,678,700]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zygophylacidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leloupi">
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF84FFB8BE54FD7CFE33FD46" box="[276,465,680,699]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="69">Zygophylax leloupi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF84FFB8BE97FD72FD30FD41" author="Ramil F &amp; Vervoort W" box="[471,722,678,700]" pageId="17" pageNumber="69" pagination="3 - 262" refId="ref21982" refString="Ramil F, Vervoort W. 1992. Report on the Hydroida collected by the ' BALGIM' expedition in and around the Strait of Gibraltar. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 277: 3 - 262." type="journal article" year="1992">Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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. A, fragmentary colony; B, a nematotheca (arrow) on an accessory tube of hydrocaulus; C, hydrothecal arrangement along a hydrocladium; D, annulations of the hydrothecal pedicel (upper arrow) and a node on a hydrocladium (lower arrow); E, axillary hydrotheca; F, a hydrotheca, showing its diaphragm (arrow); G, hydrothecal renovations. From samples: A–G: ZSM 20220296, Lisbon, Portugal. A, C–F, light microscope images; B, G, SEM images. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, G = 100 µm; C = 2 mm; D–F = 500 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF84FFB8BFD1F96CFEE7F930" bold="true" box="[145,261,1720,1742]" pageId="17" pageNumber="69">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FBBB40A7FF84FFB8BE4FF96EFD20F933" authority="(Saemundsson, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Saemundsson" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[271,706,1720,1742]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zygophylacidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="levinseni">
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF84FFB8BE4FF96EFE3EF930" box="[271,476,1722,1741]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="69">Zygophylax levinseni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF84FFB8BEAAF96CFD5AF933" author="Saemundsson B" box="[490,696,1720,1742]" pageId="17" pageNumber="69" pagination="67 - 107" refId="ref22158" refString="Saemundsson B. 1911. Bidrag til kundskaben om de islandske hydroider. II. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjobenhavn 63: 67 - 107." type="journal article" year="1911">Saemundsson, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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. A, three colonies; B, hydrothecal arrangement along a hydrocladium; C, a coppinia; D, two hydrothecal diaphragms (arrows); E, axillary hydrotheca and a node (arrow); F, two hydrothecae and two clearly identifiable nematothecae (arrows); G, a gonotheca and one nematotheca on an accessory tube (arrow); H, magnification of nematothecae on apophysis of hydrocladia (in F, lower arrow); I, magnification of nematothecae on the accessory tubes (in G). From samples: A–I: ZSM 20220297, Gulf of Cadiz. A–D, light microscope images; E–I, SEM images. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 1 mm; D–G = 200 µm; H, I = 50 µm.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF87FFBBBFE1FAE6FEF4FABA" bold="true" box="[161,278,1330,1352]" pageId="18" pageNumber="70">Figure 12.</emphasis>
Type material of 
<taxonomicName id="FBBB40A7FF87FFBBBE95FAE0FD62FABA" authority="Gu &amp; Ruthensteiner &amp; Moura &amp; Liu &amp; Zhang &amp; Song, 2022" authorityName="Gu &amp; Ruthensteiner &amp; Moura &amp; Liu &amp; Zhang &amp; Song" authorityYear="2022" box="[469,640,1332,1351]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zygophylacidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF87FFBBBE95FAE0FD62FABA" box="[469,640,1332,1351]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="70">Zygophylax lighti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="15FC5A4DFF87FFBBBDC7FAE7FD36FAB4" box="[647,724,1331,1353]" pageId="18" pageNumber="70" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A, a colony; B, hydrothecal arrangement; C, two axillary hydrothecae and four gonothecae; D, magnification of an axillary hydrotheca; E, magnification of nematothecae (arrow); F, I, hydrotheca, the arrow in I indicates a nematotheca; G, J, magnification of the indentation (arrows); H, magnification of an oblique hydrothecal diaphragm (arrow); K–M, gonothecae; N, gonotheca with dichotomous defensive tubes; O, magnification of a node (arrow) on the defensive tubes. A–O: XMUB7904, holotype, South China Sea. A–H, K, L, light microscope images; I, J, M–O, SEM images. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, C = 1 mm, D, F, I, M, N = 200 µm; E, G, H = 100 µm; J, O = 50 µm; K, L = 500 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3C043B24FF87FFBBBFE3F989FCEEF96D" blockId="18.[163,780,1628,1681]" pageId="18" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF87FFBBBFE3F989FEA0F98C" box="[163,322,1628,1650]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="70">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8CD33179FF87FFBBBE15F988FCEEF96D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3897139315" collectionCode="XUMB" pageId="18" pageNumber="70" specimenCode="XUMB7904, XUMB7905" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="E3008586FF87FFBBBE15F988FE58F98F" box="[341,442,1628,1650]" pageId="18" pageNumber="70" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<specimenCode id="6C1D935FFF87FFBBBE84F988FDABF98C" box="[452,585,1628,1649]" collectionCode="XUMB" pageId="18" pageNumber="70">XUMB7904</specimenCode>
, fertile; 
<typeStatus id="E3008586FF87FFBBBDE2F989FCE5F98F" box="[674,775,1629,1650]" pageId="18" pageNumber="70" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 
<specimenCode id="6C1D935FFF87FFBBBFE3F9AFFEC7F96C" box="[163,293,1659,1681]" collectionCode="XUMB" pageId="18" pageNumber="70">XUMB7905</specimenCode>
, fertile; see Supporting Information, 
<tableCitation id="71390E9FFF87FFBBBDE8F9AFFCE7F96D" box="[680,773,1659,1681]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[142,202,419,440]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of selected Zygophylax species based on light microscopy data (in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/68C46BACFF96FFAABFCEFE77FBDCFE45" pageId="18" pageNumber="70" tableUuid="68C46BACFF96FFAABFCEFE77FBDCFE45">Table S1</tableCitation>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C043B24FF87FFBBBFE3F963FEEEF89B" blockId="18.[163,778,1719,1894]" pageId="18" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF87FFBBBFE3F963FE93F931" box="[163,369,1719,1740]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="70">Other material:</emphasis>
Thirty-five infertile colonies deposited separately, each specimen containing one colony (XMUB7863, XMUB7869, XMUB7906– XMUB7938), also collected from South 
<collectingCountry id="44AC7BB4FF87FFBBBDFDF8C7FCEBF8D4" box="[701,777,1811,1833]" name="China" pageId="18" pageNumber="70">China</collectingCountry>
Sea. See details in Supporting Information, 
<tableCitation id="71390E9FFF87FFBBBFE3F884FEE7F898" box="[163,261,1872,1894]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[142,202,419,440]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of selected Zygophylax species based on light microscopy data (in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/68C46BACFF96FFAABFCEFE77FBDCFE45" pageId="18" pageNumber="70" tableUuid="68C46BACFF96FFAABFCEFE77FBDCFE45">Table S1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>