325 lines
64 KiB
XML
325 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2022.016" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522801" approvalRequired="105" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="25" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="59" approvalRequired_for_treatments="21" checkinTime="1673382488781" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R., Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard, Mendes, Mário Miguel & Kvaček, Jiří" docDate="2022" docId="03FD87F2FFFBFFE6FF71FCFEC2EEFD99" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.78.2.341-424.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 78 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.016" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.2:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Canrightia foveolata E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="349" masterDocId="FFC4FF8AFFFDFFEEFFBFFFFFC378FFA6" masterDocTitle="The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms" masterLastPageNumber="424" masterPageNumber="341" pageNumber="347" updateTime="1673383361075" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Friis, Else Marie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crane, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mendes, Mário Miguel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kvaček, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-12-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>78</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>341</mods:start>
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<mods:end>424</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.016</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.37520/fi.2022.016</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2533-4069</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7522801</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFFBFFE6FF71FCFEC2EEFD99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87F2FFFBFFE6FF71FCFEC2EEFD99" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="349" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="347" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[171,725,769,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">
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<heading centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">
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<taxonomicName authority="E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE, K.R.PEDERSEN, M.M.MENDES et J.KVACEK" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foveolata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[206,434,769,793]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Canrightia foveolata</emphasis>
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E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE, K.R.PEDERSEN, M.M.MENDES et J.KVAČEK
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[640,725,802,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="349" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[344,552,834,858]" box="[344,552,834,858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">
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<figureCitation box="[344,495,834,858]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,206,1754,1775]" captionTargetBox="[125,1437,154,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@7.[122,1443,148,1741]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of fruits of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of fruit showing prominent rim around the middle of the fruit with reduced tepals (arrowheads) and partly abraded fruit wall exposing the pitted endotesta surface of one of two seeds (arrow); note two of the vascular bundles (vb) extending from the base of the fruit to the tepals; b) Voltex of fruit showing prominent rim around the fruit (arrowhead) and dense precipitation of crystals in the endothelium cells of one of the two seeds in the fruit; c) Longitudinal section of fruit (orthoslice yz0520) showing the inferred hypanthium rim (arrow head) and two seeds, one with a dense precipitation of crystals; note the prominent endothelium cells (asterisks) of the inner integument and the well-developed fruit wall above the seeds; d) Transverse section through basal part of fruit and seeds close to the micropyle (orthoslice xy0312) showing partly abraded fruit wall with five vascular bundles (vb) and details of the seed coat with endotesta (oi-end) surrounding the tegmen consisting of an outer epidermis (ii-o), middle layer (ii-m) and a distinct inner epidermis (endothelium) consisting of radially elongated cells (asterisk); e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1680) through apical part of the fruit close to chalaza showing the tips of two seeds; note the endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by thick-walled cells of the exotesta (oi-o); f) Transverse section (orthoslice" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522807/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Text-figs 3a–f</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[506,552,834,858]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="9.[125,206,1696,1717]" captionTargetBox="[127,1440,151,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-2@9.[122,1443,148,1683]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a–d) Volume renderings of abraded seeds in ventral (a), lateral (b, d) and apical (c) views showing the slightly protruding chalaza (arrows) and dense longitudinal grooves with shallow pits in the surface of the endotesta; e) Transverse section of seed (orthoslice xy0665) showing the irregular grooved surface of the endotesta (oi-en) and the tegmen comprised of two layers of thick-walled cells that surround the cells of the prominent endothelium (asterisk); f) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz1195) through seed showing the thin-walled endothelium cells (asterisk) surrounded by the thicker cells of the outer tegmen and endotesta; g) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0727) through seed showing outlines of angular crystals evenly distributed in cells of the endotesta (oi-en); note the outer epidermis of the tegmen (ii-o) composed of thick-walled cells; h) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0940) of seed showing details of the chalazal region with course of the vascular bundle (vb), cells of the prominent endothelium (asterisk), crystalliferous endotesta of the outer integument (oi-en) and the distinct thick walled cells of the outer cells of the tegmen (ii-o); i) Longitudinal and tangential section (orthoslice yz0542) through the endotesta (oi-en) showing the outlines of densely spaced crystals. Specimens, Catefica 242-S175178 (a–c, e–h), Catefica 49-S175179 (d, i). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d), 100 Μm (e, f, h, i), 50 Μm (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522809/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">4a–i</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[129,768,882,938]" box="[166,768,882,906]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">H o l o t y p e. S174249 (Catefica sample 49; figured</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[129,768,882,938]" box="[129,289,914,938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">
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<figureCitation box="[129,277,914,938]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,206,1754,1775]" captionTargetBox="[125,1437,154,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@7.[122,1443,148,1741]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of fruits of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of fruit showing prominent rim around the middle of the fruit with reduced tepals (arrowheads) and partly abraded fruit wall exposing the pitted endotesta surface of one of two seeds (arrow); note two of the vascular bundles (vb) extending from the base of the fruit to the tepals; b) Voltex of fruit showing prominent rim around the fruit (arrowhead) and dense precipitation of crystals in the endothelium cells of one of the two seeds in the fruit; c) Longitudinal section of fruit (orthoslice yz0520) showing the inferred hypanthium rim (arrow head) and two seeds, one with a dense precipitation of crystals; note the prominent endothelium cells (asterisks) of the inner integument and the well-developed fruit wall above the seeds; d) Transverse section through basal part of fruit and seeds close to the micropyle (orthoslice xy0312) showing partly abraded fruit wall with five vascular bundles (vb) and details of the seed coat with endotesta (oi-end) surrounding the tegmen consisting of an outer epidermis (ii-o), middle layer (ii-m) and a distinct inner epidermis (endothelium) consisting of radially elongated cells (asterisk); e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1680) through apical part of the fruit close to chalaza showing the tips of two seeds; note the endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by thick-walled cells of the exotesta (oi-o); f) Transverse section (orthoslice" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522807/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Text-fig. 3a–f</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[129,768,962,1018]" box="[166,768,962,986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">P l a n t F o s s i l N a m e s R e g i s t r y N u m b e r.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[129,768,962,1018]" box="[129,455,994,1018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">PFN002785 (for new species).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[129,767,1042,1131]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">P a r a t y p e s. S175179, S265998, S266057, S266107 (Catefica sample 49), S266042 (Catefica sample 154), S175178 (Catefica sample 242).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[129,767,1155,1244]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="R" country="Sweden" county="Swedish Museum of Natural History" location="Palaeobotanical Collections" municipality="Department of Palaeobiology" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stockholm">
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<collectionCode box="[166,184,1155,1178]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">R</collectionCode>
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e p o s i t o r y.
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFFBFFE6FF71FCFEC2EEFD99:8E8B603FFFFBFFE8FEE3FB7CC104FB3D" box="[348,636,1155,1179]" country="Sweden" county="Swedish Museum of Natural History" municipality="Department of Palaeobiology" name="Palaeobotanical Collections" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" stateProvince="Stockholm">Palaeobotanical Collections</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Department of Palaeobiology</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty box="[338,763,1187,1211]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Swedish Museum of Natural History</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[129,247,1220,1244]" country="Sweden" name="Stockholm" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Stockholm</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[257,345,1220,1244]" name="Sweden" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[128,768,1267,1324]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">E t y m o l o g y. From Latin: fovea (pit) referring to the densely pitted surface of the endotesta.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[128,767,1346,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">
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<materialsCitation country="Portugal" county="Torres Vedras" latitude="39.058334" location="Catefica" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-9.241667" municipality="Mugideira" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" specimenCount="1">
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Ty p e l o c a l i t y. Catefica (
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<geoCoordinate box="[469,608,1346,1372]" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" precision="15" seconds="30" value="39.058334">39° 03ʹ 30ʺ N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate box="[616,755,1346,1372]" degrees="09" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-9.241667">09°14ʹ 30ʺ W</geoCoordinate>
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), between the villages of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFFBFFE6FF71FCFEC2EEFD99:8E8B603FFFFBFFE8FEC0FA9BC2AEFADA" box="[383,470,1380,1404]" country="Portugal" county="Torres Vedras" latitude="39.058334" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-9.241667" municipality="Mugideira" name="Catefica" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Catefica</location>
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and
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<collectingMunicipality box="[522,636,1380,1404]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Mugideira</collectingMunicipality>
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, about
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<quantity box="[713,767,1380,1404]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
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south of
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<collectingCounty box="[221,370,1413,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Torres Vedras</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[381,475,1413,1437]" name="Portugal" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[128,767,1460,1517]" box="[166,767,1460,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">T y p e s t r a t u m a n d a g e. Almargem Formation,</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[128,767,1460,1517]" box="[128,556,1493,1517]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Early Cretaceous (Aptian-early Albian).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[128,768,1540,1759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">D i a g n o s i s. Fruit obovoid with a broad hypanthium and two pendent seeds. Perianth of six tepals. Contact surface between the two seeds flat; external surface rounded. Crystals evenly distributed in the cells of the endotesta. Surface of endotesta foveolate with shallow foveae arranged in more than 30 closely packed longitudinal rows. Fruit wall particularly thick apically over the seeds.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[128,768,1783,2100]" lastBlockId="6.[843,1482,151,849]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">
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D i s t i n g u i s h i n g f e a t u r e s. The new species is assigned to the extinct genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2011" box="[496,613,1815,1839]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[496,613,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Canrightia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on the berry-like fruit with pendent, orthotropous seeds that have an endotestal-endotegmic seed coat and a crystalliferous endotesta.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[249,478,1913,1937]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foveolata">
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<emphasis box="[249,478,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Canrightia foveolata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="resinifera">
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<emphasis box="[743,761,1913,1936]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[128,231,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">resinifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see above), and from
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<taxonomicName box="[520,652,1945,1969]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elongata">
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<emphasis box="[520,538,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[559,652,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">elongata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Torres Vedras mesofossil flora (
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<bibRefCitation author="Friis, E. M. & Crane, P. R. & Pedersen, K. R." box="[478,672,1978,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" pagination="153 - 257" refId="ref55433" refString="Friis, E. M., Crane, P. R., Pedersen, K. R. (2019 a): The Early Cretaceous mesofossil flora of Torres Vedras (NE of Forte da Forca), Portugal: a palaeofloristic analysis of an early angiosperm community. - Fossil Imprint, 75: 153 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2019 - 0013" type="journal article" year="2019">Friis et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
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), mainly by the densely pitted and grooved surface of the endotesta. Seeds of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[234,368,2043,2067]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foveolata">
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<emphasis box="[234,252,2043,2066]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[269,368,2043,2067]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">foveolata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also have crystals that are of more or less of similar size and that are evenly distributed in the endotestal cells, whereas in
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<taxonomicName box="[1156,1294,151,175]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="resinifera">
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<emphasis box="[1156,1174,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[1191,1294,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">resinifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[1353,1481,151,175]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elongata">
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<emphasis box="[1353,1371,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[1388,1481,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">elongata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larger crystals are concentrated close to the outer surface of endotesta.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[960,1187,216,240]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foveolata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[960,1187,216,240]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Canrightia foveolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also two-seeded, as are most specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1045,1178,248,272]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="resinifera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1045,1063,248,271]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1075,1178,248,272]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">resinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Famalicão locality, while fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1026,1169,280,304]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="resinifera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1026,1044,280,303]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1066,1169,280,304]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">resinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Catefica locality typically have three to five seeds and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1251,1377,312,336]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1251,1269,312,335]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1284,1377,312,336]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has three seeds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[843,1482,151,849]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[881,1108,376,400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foveolata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[881,1108,376,400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Canrightia foveolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is further distinguished from the two other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2011" box="[1069,1186,408,432]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1069,1186,408,432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Canrightia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the well-developed soft tissue of the fruit wall above the seeds.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[1259,1481,440,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foveolata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1259,1481,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Canrightia foveolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may also be distinguished from the two other species by the larger number of perianth parts, but as the perianth is known for only
|
||
<specimenCount box="[947,1100,537,561]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[1148,1285,537,561]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foveolata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1148,1166,537,560]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1186,1285,537,561]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">foveolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and only a few specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[997,1135,569,593]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="resinifera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[997,1015,569,592]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1032,1135,569,593]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">resinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the range of tepal numbers in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2011" box="[843,960,601,625]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[843,960,601,625]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Canrightia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not fully established.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[843,1482,151,849]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">
|
||
A pitted surface of the endotesta is also present in seeds of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="E. M. FRIIS, G. W. GRIMM, M. M. MENDES et K. R. PEDERSEN and Kvacekispermum E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, G. W. GRIMM, M. M. MENDES et K. R. PEDERSEN and Kvacekispermum E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[875,1034,665,689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Canrightiopsis</emphasis>
|
||
E.M.FRIIS, G.W.GRIMM, M.M.MENDES et K.R.PEDERSEN and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1053,1237,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Kvacekispermum</emphasis>
|
||
E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, two other extinct genera of chloranthoid affinity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Friis, E. M. & Grimm, G. W. & Mendes, M. M. & Pedersen, K. R." box="[935,1121,761,785]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" pagination="184 - 212" refId="ref56303" refString="Friis, E. M., Grimm, G. W., Mendes, M. M., Pedersen, K. R. (2015 a): Canrightiopsis, a new Early Cretaceous fossil with Clavatipollenites - type pollen bridge the gap between extinct Canrightia and extant Chloranthaceae. - Grana, 54: 184 - 212. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00173134.2015.1060750" type="journal article" year="2015">Friis et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Friis, E. M. & Crane, P. R. & Pedersen, K. R." box="[1132,1203,761,785]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" pagination="65 - 76" refId="ref55084" refString="Friis, E. M., Crane, P. R., Pedersen, K. R. (2018 b): Rightcania and Kvacekispermum: Early Cretaceous seeds from eastern North America and Portugal provide further evidence of the early chloranthoid diversification. - Fossil Imprint, 74: 65 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2018 - 0006" type="journal article" year="2018">2018b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but both of these genera have one-seeded fruits and a much thicker endotestal seed coat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[843,1482,873,961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">
|
||
D i m e n s i o n s. Length of fruit:
|
||
<quantity box="[1267,1358,873,897]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; maximum width of fruit:
|
||
<quantity box="[1019,1111,905,929]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; length of seed:
|
||
<quantity box="[1313,1478,905,929]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.05" valueMin="0.85">0.85–1.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
; maximum width of seed:
|
||
<quantity box="[1115,1247,937,961]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="347" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[843,1483,984,2100]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">
|
||
D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s. The new species is based on a single fruit, containing two seeds (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1321,1470,1016,1040]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,206,1754,1775]" captionTargetBox="[125,1437,154,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@7.[122,1443,148,1741]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of fruits of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of fruit showing prominent rim around the middle of the fruit with reduced tepals (arrowheads) and partly abraded fruit wall exposing the pitted endotesta surface of one of two seeds (arrow); note two of the vascular bundles (vb) extending from the base of the fruit to the tepals; b) Voltex of fruit showing prominent rim around the fruit (arrowhead) and dense precipitation of crystals in the endothelium cells of one of the two seeds in the fruit; c) Longitudinal section of fruit (orthoslice yz0520) showing the inferred hypanthium rim (arrow head) and two seeds, one with a dense precipitation of crystals; note the prominent endothelium cells (asterisks) of the inner integument and the well-developed fruit wall above the seeds; d) Transverse section through basal part of fruit and seeds close to the micropyle (orthoslice xy0312) showing partly abraded fruit wall with five vascular bundles (vb) and details of the seed coat with endotesta (oi-end) surrounding the tegmen consisting of an outer epidermis (ii-o), middle layer (ii-m) and a distinct inner epidermis (endothelium) consisting of radially elongated cells (asterisk); e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1680) through apical part of the fruit close to chalaza showing the tips of two seeds; note the endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by thick-walled cells of the exotesta (oi-o); f) Transverse section (orthoslice" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522807/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Text-fig. 3a–f</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are also several isolated seeds (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1228,1375,1048,1072]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="9.[125,206,1696,1717]" captionTargetBox="[127,1440,151,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-2@9.[122,1443,148,1683]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a–d) Volume renderings of abraded seeds in ventral (a), lateral (b, d) and apical (c) views showing the slightly protruding chalaza (arrows) and dense longitudinal grooves with shallow pits in the surface of the endotesta; e) Transverse section of seed (orthoslice xy0665) showing the irregular grooved surface of the endotesta (oi-en) and the tegmen comprised of two layers of thick-walled cells that surround the cells of the prominent endothelium (asterisk); f) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz1195) through seed showing the thin-walled endothelium cells (asterisk) surrounded by the thicker cells of the outer tegmen and endotesta; g) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0727) through seed showing outlines of angular crystals evenly distributed in cells of the endotesta (oi-en); note the outer epidermis of the tegmen (ii-o) composed of thick-walled cells; h) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0940) of seed showing details of the chalazal region with course of the vascular bundle (vb), cells of the prominent endothelium (asterisk), crystalliferous endotesta of the outer integument (oi-en) and the distinct thick walled cells of the outer cells of the tegmen (ii-o); i) Longitudinal and tangential section (orthoslice yz0542) through the endotesta (oi-en) showing the outlines of densely spaced crystals. Specimens, Catefica 242-S175178 (a–c, e–h), Catefica 49-S175179 (d, i). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d), 100 Μm (e, f, h, i), 50 Μm (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522809/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Text-fig. 4a–i</figureCitation>
|
||
). The fruit and two of the isolated seeds were studied using SRXTM. The fruit is partly abraded, and although the stigmatic region is missing, the fruit is otherwise well preserved in its apical part. There is a swollen rim about halfway up the fruit with six, small poorly developed tepals that are best preserved on one side of the fruit (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1101,1228,1241,1265]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,206,1754,1775]" captionTargetBox="[125,1437,154,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@7.[122,1443,148,1741]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of fruits of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of fruit showing prominent rim around the middle of the fruit with reduced tepals (arrowheads) and partly abraded fruit wall exposing the pitted endotesta surface of one of two seeds (arrow); note two of the vascular bundles (vb) extending from the base of the fruit to the tepals; b) Voltex of fruit showing prominent rim around the fruit (arrowhead) and dense precipitation of crystals in the endothelium cells of one of the two seeds in the fruit; c) Longitudinal section of fruit (orthoslice yz0520) showing the inferred hypanthium rim (arrow head) and two seeds, one with a dense precipitation of crystals; note the prominent endothelium cells (asterisks) of the inner integument and the well-developed fruit wall above the seeds; d) Transverse section through basal part of fruit and seeds close to the micropyle (orthoslice xy0312) showing partly abraded fruit wall with five vascular bundles (vb) and details of the seed coat with endotesta (oi-end) surrounding the tegmen consisting of an outer epidermis (ii-o), middle layer (ii-m) and a distinct inner epidermis (endothelium) consisting of radially elongated cells (asterisk); e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1680) through apical part of the fruit close to chalaza showing the tips of two seeds; note the endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by thick-walled cells of the exotesta (oi-o); f) Transverse section (orthoslice" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522807/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Text-fig. 3a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Five vascular bundles are preserved in the hypanthium, each extending to a tepal and their symmetry indicates that a sixth bundle has been lost where the fruit wall is abraded (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1236,1366,1337,1361]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,206,1754,1775]" captionTargetBox="[125,1437,154,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@7.[122,1443,148,1741]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of fruits of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of fruit showing prominent rim around the middle of the fruit with reduced tepals (arrowheads) and partly abraded fruit wall exposing the pitted endotesta surface of one of two seeds (arrow); note two of the vascular bundles (vb) extending from the base of the fruit to the tepals; b) Voltex of fruit showing prominent rim around the fruit (arrowhead) and dense precipitation of crystals in the endothelium cells of one of the two seeds in the fruit; c) Longitudinal section of fruit (orthoslice yz0520) showing the inferred hypanthium rim (arrow head) and two seeds, one with a dense precipitation of crystals; note the prominent endothelium cells (asterisks) of the inner integument and the well-developed fruit wall above the seeds; d) Transverse section through basal part of fruit and seeds close to the micropyle (orthoslice xy0312) showing partly abraded fruit wall with five vascular bundles (vb) and details of the seed coat with endotesta (oi-end) surrounding the tegmen consisting of an outer epidermis (ii-o), middle layer (ii-m) and a distinct inner epidermis (endothelium) consisting of radially elongated cells (asterisk); e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1680) through apical part of the fruit close to chalaza showing the tips of two seeds; note the endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by thick-walled cells of the exotesta (oi-o); f) Transverse section (orthoslice" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522807/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Text-fig. 3d</figureCitation>
|
||
). The fruit wall is particularly thick in the region above the seeds and consists mainly of isodiametric cells (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1245,1398,1402,1426]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,206,1754,1775]" captionTargetBox="[125,1437,154,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@7.[122,1443,148,1741]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of fruits of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of fruit showing prominent rim around the middle of the fruit with reduced tepals (arrowheads) and partly abraded fruit wall exposing the pitted endotesta surface of one of two seeds (arrow); note two of the vascular bundles (vb) extending from the base of the fruit to the tepals; b) Voltex of fruit showing prominent rim around the fruit (arrowhead) and dense precipitation of crystals in the endothelium cells of one of the two seeds in the fruit; c) Longitudinal section of fruit (orthoslice yz0520) showing the inferred hypanthium rim (arrow head) and two seeds, one with a dense precipitation of crystals; note the prominent endothelium cells (asterisks) of the inner integument and the well-developed fruit wall above the seeds; d) Transverse section through basal part of fruit and seeds close to the micropyle (orthoslice xy0312) showing partly abraded fruit wall with five vascular bundles (vb) and details of the seed coat with endotesta (oi-end) surrounding the tegmen consisting of an outer epidermis (ii-o), middle layer (ii-m) and a distinct inner epidermis (endothelium) consisting of radially elongated cells (asterisk); e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1680) through apical part of the fruit close to chalaza showing the tips of two seeds; note the endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by thick-walled cells of the exotesta (oi-o); f) Transverse section (orthoslice" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522807/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Text-fig. 3a–c</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[843,1483,984,2100]" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">
|
||
The seeds are broadly elliptical, crescent-shaped in lateral view, slightly pointed at the micropylar end and rounded at the chalazal end (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1026,1158,1498,1522]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,206,1754,1775]" captionTargetBox="[125,1437,154,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@7.[122,1443,148,1741]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of fruits of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of fruit showing prominent rim around the middle of the fruit with reduced tepals (arrowheads) and partly abraded fruit wall exposing the pitted endotesta surface of one of two seeds (arrow); note two of the vascular bundles (vb) extending from the base of the fruit to the tepals; b) Voltex of fruit showing prominent rim around the fruit (arrowhead) and dense precipitation of crystals in the endothelium cells of one of the two seeds in the fruit; c) Longitudinal section of fruit (orthoslice yz0520) showing the inferred hypanthium rim (arrow head) and two seeds, one with a dense precipitation of crystals; note the prominent endothelium cells (asterisks) of the inner integument and the well-developed fruit wall above the seeds; d) Transverse section through basal part of fruit and seeds close to the micropyle (orthoslice xy0312) showing partly abraded fruit wall with five vascular bundles (vb) and details of the seed coat with endotesta (oi-end) surrounding the tegmen consisting of an outer epidermis (ii-o), middle layer (ii-m) and a distinct inner epidermis (endothelium) consisting of radially elongated cells (asterisk); e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1680) through apical part of the fruit close to chalaza showing the tips of two seeds; note the endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by thick-walled cells of the exotesta (oi-o); f) Transverse section (orthoslice" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522807/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Text-figs 3b</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1168,1244,1498,1522]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="9.[125,206,1696,1717]" captionTargetBox="[127,1440,151,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-2@9.[122,1443,148,1683]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a–d) Volume renderings of abraded seeds in ventral (a), lateral (b, d) and apical (c) views showing the slightly protruding chalaza (arrows) and dense longitudinal grooves with shallow pits in the surface of the endotesta; e) Transverse section of seed (orthoslice xy0665) showing the irregular grooved surface of the endotesta (oi-en) and the tegmen comprised of two layers of thick-walled cells that surround the cells of the prominent endothelium (asterisk); f) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz1195) through seed showing the thin-walled endothelium cells (asterisk) surrounded by the thicker cells of the outer tegmen and endotesta; g) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0727) through seed showing outlines of angular crystals evenly distributed in cells of the endotesta (oi-en); note the outer epidermis of the tegmen (ii-o) composed of thick-walled cells; h) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0940) of seed showing details of the chalazal region with course of the vascular bundle (vb), cells of the prominent endothelium (asterisk), crystalliferous endotesta of the outer integument (oi-en) and the distinct thick walled cells of the outer cells of the tegmen (ii-o); i) Longitudinal and tangential section (orthoslice yz0542) through the endotesta (oi-en) showing the outlines of densely spaced crystals. Specimens, Catefica 242-S175178 (a–c, e–h), Catefica 49-S175179 (d, i). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d), 100 Μm (e, f, h, i), 50 Μm (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522809/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">4a–d, f</figureCitation>
|
||
). Where the two seeds meet, their faces are flattened, but with a prominent chalaza that projects towards the face where the seeds meet (Textfig. 4b, d). The opposite faces are rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1317,1477,1594,1618]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,206,1754,1775]" captionTargetBox="[125,1437,154,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@7.[122,1443,148,1741]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of fruits of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of fruit showing prominent rim around the middle of the fruit with reduced tepals (arrowheads) and partly abraded fruit wall exposing the pitted endotesta surface of one of two seeds (arrow); note two of the vascular bundles (vb) extending from the base of the fruit to the tepals; b) Voltex of fruit showing prominent rim around the fruit (arrowhead) and dense precipitation of crystals in the endothelium cells of one of the two seeds in the fruit; c) Longitudinal section of fruit (orthoslice yz0520) showing the inferred hypanthium rim (arrow head) and two seeds, one with a dense precipitation of crystals; note the prominent endothelium cells (asterisks) of the inner integument and the well-developed fruit wall above the seeds; d) Transverse section through basal part of fruit and seeds close to the micropyle (orthoslice xy0312) showing partly abraded fruit wall with five vascular bundles (vb) and details of the seed coat with endotesta (oi-end) surrounding the tegmen consisting of an outer epidermis (ii-o), middle layer (ii-m) and a distinct inner epidermis (endothelium) consisting of radially elongated cells (asterisk); e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1680) through apical part of the fruit close to chalaza showing the tips of two seeds; note the endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by thick-walled cells of the exotesta (oi-o); f) Transverse section (orthoslice" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522807/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Text-figs 3c, d</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[843,920,1626,1651]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="9.[125,206,1696,1717]" captionTargetBox="[127,1440,151,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-2@9.[122,1443,148,1683]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a–d) Volume renderings of abraded seeds in ventral (a), lateral (b, d) and apical (c) views showing the slightly protruding chalaza (arrows) and dense longitudinal grooves with shallow pits in the surface of the endotesta; e) Transverse section of seed (orthoslice xy0665) showing the irregular grooved surface of the endotesta (oi-en) and the tegmen comprised of two layers of thick-walled cells that surround the cells of the prominent endothelium (asterisk); f) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz1195) through seed showing the thin-walled endothelium cells (asterisk) surrounded by the thicker cells of the outer tegmen and endotesta; g) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0727) through seed showing outlines of angular crystals evenly distributed in cells of the endotesta (oi-en); note the outer epidermis of the tegmen (ii-o) composed of thick-walled cells; h) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0940) of seed showing details of the chalazal region with course of the vascular bundle (vb), cells of the prominent endothelium (asterisk), crystalliferous endotesta of the outer integument (oi-en) and the distinct thick walled cells of the outer cells of the tegmen (ii-o); i) Longitudinal and tangential section (orthoslice yz0542) through the endotesta (oi-en) showing the outlines of densely spaced crystals. Specimens, Catefica 242-S175178 (a–c, e–h), Catefica 49-S175179 (d, i). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d), 100 Μm (e, f, h, i), 50 Μm (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522809/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">4b, c, e</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the isolated seeds, the outer cells of the seed coat are abraded exposing the surface of the endotesta, which is characterized by numerous small pits arranged in more than 30 shallow, closely-spaced, longitudinal grooves (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="9.[125,206,1696,1717]" captionTargetBox="[127,1440,151,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-2@9.[122,1443,148,1683]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a–d) Volume renderings of abraded seeds in ventral (a), lateral (b, d) and apical (c) views showing the slightly protruding chalaza (arrows) and dense longitudinal grooves with shallow pits in the surface of the endotesta; e) Transverse section of seed (orthoslice xy0665) showing the irregular grooved surface of the endotesta (oi-en) and the tegmen comprised of two layers of thick-walled cells that surround the cells of the prominent endothelium (asterisk); f) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz1195) through seed showing the thin-walled endothelium cells (asterisk) surrounded by the thicker cells of the outer tegmen and endotesta; g) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0727) through seed showing outlines of angular crystals evenly distributed in cells of the endotesta (oi-en); note the outer epidermis of the tegmen (ii-o) composed of thick-walled cells; h) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0940) of seed showing details of the chalazal region with course of the vascular bundle (vb), cells of the prominent endothelium (asterisk), crystalliferous endotesta of the outer integument (oi-en) and the distinct thick walled cells of the outer cells of the tegmen (ii-o); i) Longitudinal and tangential section (orthoslice yz0542) through the endotesta (oi-en) showing the outlines of densely spaced crystals. Specimens, Catefica 242-S175178 (a–c, e–h), Catefica 49-S175179 (d, i). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d), 100 Μm (e, f, h, i), 50 Μm (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522809/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Text-fig. 4a–d</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[843,1483,984,2100]" lastBlockId="8.[128,767,151,399]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="349" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">
|
||
In the fruit the exotesta of the seeds is partly preserved and consists of thick-walled, isodiametric cells. The endotesta is thin (about 30 µm) in the region between the two seeds, but thicker (about 55 µm) in the chalazal region and toward the outer surfaces (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1009,1188,1915,1940]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,206,1754,1775]" captionTargetBox="[125,1437,154,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@7.[122,1443,148,1741]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of fruits of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of fruit showing prominent rim around the middle of the fruit with reduced tepals (arrowheads) and partly abraded fruit wall exposing the pitted endotesta surface of one of two seeds (arrow); note two of the vascular bundles (vb) extending from the base of the fruit to the tepals; b) Voltex of fruit showing prominent rim around the fruit (arrowhead) and dense precipitation of crystals in the endothelium cells of one of the two seeds in the fruit; c) Longitudinal section of fruit (orthoslice yz0520) showing the inferred hypanthium rim (arrow head) and two seeds, one with a dense precipitation of crystals; note the prominent endothelium cells (asterisks) of the inner integument and the well-developed fruit wall above the seeds; d) Transverse section through basal part of fruit and seeds close to the micropyle (orthoslice xy0312) showing partly abraded fruit wall with five vascular bundles (vb) and details of the seed coat with endotesta (oi-end) surrounding the tegmen consisting of an outer epidermis (ii-o), middle layer (ii-m) and a distinct inner epidermis (endothelium) consisting of radially elongated cells (asterisk); e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1680) through apical part of the fruit close to chalaza showing the tips of two seeds; note the endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by thick-walled cells of the exotesta (oi-o); f) Transverse section (orthoslice" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522807/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="347">Text-fig. 3c, e, f</figureCitation>
|
||
). The exotesta is so tightly appressed to the tissue of the fruit wall that the two tissues are sometimes difficult to delimit. The endotesta consists of palisade-shaped cells that are infilled with fibrous material in which there are abundant casts of cubic crystals. The casts of these crystals are distributed more or less evenly within the cells (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[230,358,151,175]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,206,1754,1775]" captionTargetBox="[125,1437,154,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@7.[122,1443,148,1741]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of fruits of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of fruit showing prominent rim around the middle of the fruit with reduced tepals (arrowheads) and partly abraded fruit wall exposing the pitted endotesta surface of one of two seeds (arrow); note two of the vascular bundles (vb) extending from the base of the fruit to the tepals; b) Voltex of fruit showing prominent rim around the fruit (arrowhead) and dense precipitation of crystals in the endothelium cells of one of the two seeds in the fruit; c) Longitudinal section of fruit (orthoslice yz0520) showing the inferred hypanthium rim (arrow head) and two seeds, one with a dense precipitation of crystals; note the prominent endothelium cells (asterisks) of the inner integument and the well-developed fruit wall above the seeds; d) Transverse section through basal part of fruit and seeds close to the micropyle (orthoslice xy0312) showing partly abraded fruit wall with five vascular bundles (vb) and details of the seed coat with endotesta (oi-end) surrounding the tegmen consisting of an outer epidermis (ii-o), middle layer (ii-m) and a distinct inner epidermis (endothelium) consisting of radially elongated cells (asterisk); e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1680) through apical part of the fruit close to chalaza showing the tips of two seeds; note the endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by thick-walled cells of the exotesta (oi-o); f) Transverse section (orthoslice" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522807/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">Text-figs 3f</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[369,418,151,175]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="9.[125,206,1696,1717]" captionTargetBox="[127,1440,151,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-2@9.[122,1443,148,1683]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a–d) Volume renderings of abraded seeds in ventral (a), lateral (b, d) and apical (c) views showing the slightly protruding chalaza (arrows) and dense longitudinal grooves with shallow pits in the surface of the endotesta; e) Transverse section of seed (orthoslice xy0665) showing the irregular grooved surface of the endotesta (oi-en) and the tegmen comprised of two layers of thick-walled cells that surround the cells of the prominent endothelium (asterisk); f) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz1195) through seed showing the thin-walled endothelium cells (asterisk) surrounded by the thicker cells of the outer tegmen and endotesta; g) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0727) through seed showing outlines of angular crystals evenly distributed in cells of the endotesta (oi-en); note the outer epidermis of the tegmen (ii-o) composed of thick-walled cells; h) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0940) of seed showing details of the chalazal region with course of the vascular bundle (vb), cells of the prominent endothelium (asterisk), crystalliferous endotesta of the outer integument (oi-en) and the distinct thick walled cells of the outer cells of the tegmen (ii-o); i) Longitudinal and tangential section (orthoslice yz0542) through the endotesta (oi-en) showing the outlines of densely spaced crystals. Specimens, Catefica 242-S175178 (a–c, e–h), Catefica 49-S175179 (d, i). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d), 100 Μm (e, f, h, i), 50 Μm (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522809/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">4e–i</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522807/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="348" startId="7.[125,206,1754,1775]" targetBox="[125,1437,154,1738]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[125,1441,1754,2098]" pageId="7" pageNumber="348">
|
||
Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček, 2022" authorityName="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček" authorityYear="2022" box="[1136,1344,1754,1775]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foveolata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1136,1344,1754,1775]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="348">Canrightia foveolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1352,1435,1754,1775]" pageId="7" pageNumber="348" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of fruit showing prominent rim around the middle of the fruit with reduced tepals (arrowheads) and partly abraded fruit wall exposing the pitted endotesta surface of one of two seeds (arrow); note two of the vascular bundles (vb) extending from the base of the fruit to the tepals; b) Voltex of fruit showing prominent rim around the fruit (arrowhead) and dense precipitation of crystals in the endothelium cells of one of the two seeds in the fruit; c) Longitudinal section of fruit (orthoslice yz0520) showing the inferred hypanthium rim (arrow head) and two seeds, one with a dense precipitation of crystals; note the prominent endothelium cells (asterisks) of the inner integument and the well-developed fruit wall above the seeds; d) Transverse section through basal part of fruit and seeds close to the micropyle (orthoslice xy0312) showing partly abraded fruit wall with five vascular bundles (vb) and details of the seed coat with endotesta (oi-end) surrounding the tegmen consisting of an outer epidermis (ii-o), middle layer (ii-m) and a distinct inner epidermis (endothelium) consisting of radially elongated cells (asterisk); e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1680) through apical part of the fruit close to chalaza showing the tips of two seeds; note the endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by thick-walled cells of the exotesta (oi-o); f) Transverse section (orthoslice
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[128,767,151,399]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">
|
||
The inner integument is three cell layers thick. It consists of an outer epidermis, a middle layer of thick-walled and slightly longitudinally elongated cells, and an inner epidermis that develops into an endothelium of thin-walled and radially elongated cells (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[434,591,311,336]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,206,1754,1775]" captionTargetBox="[125,1437,154,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@7.[122,1443,148,1741]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of fruits of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of fruit showing prominent rim around the middle of the fruit with reduced tepals (arrowheads) and partly abraded fruit wall exposing the pitted endotesta surface of one of two seeds (arrow); note two of the vascular bundles (vb) extending from the base of the fruit to the tepals; b) Voltex of fruit showing prominent rim around the fruit (arrowhead) and dense precipitation of crystals in the endothelium cells of one of the two seeds in the fruit; c) Longitudinal section of fruit (orthoslice yz0520) showing the inferred hypanthium rim (arrow head) and two seeds, one with a dense precipitation of crystals; note the prominent endothelium cells (asterisks) of the inner integument and the well-developed fruit wall above the seeds; d) Transverse section through basal part of fruit and seeds close to the micropyle (orthoslice xy0312) showing partly abraded fruit wall with five vascular bundles (vb) and details of the seed coat with endotesta (oi-end) surrounding the tegmen consisting of an outer epidermis (ii-o), middle layer (ii-m) and a distinct inner epidermis (endothelium) consisting of radially elongated cells (asterisk); e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1680) through apical part of the fruit close to chalaza showing the tips of two seeds; note the endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by thick-walled cells of the exotesta (oi-o); f) Transverse section (orthoslice" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522807/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">Text-figs 3c, d</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[603,679,311,336]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="9.[125,206,1696,1717]" captionTargetBox="[127,1440,151,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-2@9.[122,1443,148,1683]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a–d) Volume renderings of abraded seeds in ventral (a), lateral (b, d) and apical (c) views showing the slightly protruding chalaza (arrows) and dense longitudinal grooves with shallow pits in the surface of the endotesta; e) Transverse section of seed (orthoslice xy0665) showing the irregular grooved surface of the endotesta (oi-en) and the tegmen comprised of two layers of thick-walled cells that surround the cells of the prominent endothelium (asterisk); f) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz1195) through seed showing the thin-walled endothelium cells (asterisk) surrounded by the thicker cells of the outer tegmen and endotesta; g) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0727) through seed showing outlines of angular crystals evenly distributed in cells of the endotesta (oi-en); note the outer epidermis of the tegmen (ii-o) composed of thick-walled cells; h) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0940) of seed showing details of the chalazal region with course of the vascular bundle (vb), cells of the prominent endothelium (asterisk), crystalliferous endotesta of the outer integument (oi-en) and the distinct thick walled cells of the outer cells of the tegmen (ii-o); i) Longitudinal and tangential section (orthoslice yz0542) through the endotesta (oi-en) showing the outlines of densely spaced crystals. Specimens, Catefica 242-S175178 (a–c, e–h), Catefica 49-S175179 (d, i). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d), 100 Μm (e, f, h, i), 50 Μm (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522809/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">4e, f, h</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[128,767,151,399]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">The stigmatic area is not preserved and no pollen was observed on the surface of the fruit.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[128,767,423,575]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">
|
||
A f f i n i t y a n d o t h e r o c c u r r e n c e s. The relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček" authorityYear="2022" box="[316,546,455,479]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foveolata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[316,546,455,479]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">Canrightia foveolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="resinifera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">Canrightia resinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, arelikelyclosetothebaseofextantChloranthaceae (see above).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček" authorityYear="2022" box="[269,495,519,543]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foveolata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[269,495,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">Canrightia foveolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently known only from the Catefica locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |