328 lines
38 KiB
XML
328 lines
38 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="629BA393060F508F75EF6E0E88A9EEC8">Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03EA87B1FF9A82077CCEFED8FE11FD8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5823194" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124557785" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5823194" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87B1FF9A82077CCEFED8FE11FD8E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87B1FF9A82077CCEFED8FE11FD8E" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="353" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9A82097CCEFED8FAA2FE8A" box="[933,1334,257,280]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9A82097CCEFED8FAA2FE8A" blockId="38.[933,1334,257,314]" box="[933,1334,257,280]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
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<heading id="D0B481CBFF9A82097CCEFED8FAA2FE8A" bold="true" box="[933,1334,257,280]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9A82097CCEFED8FAA2FE8A" authority="Guenee, 1854" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[933,1334,257,280]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Marasmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trapezalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097CCEFED8FAA2FE8A" bold="true" box="[933,1334,257,280]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097CCEFED8FB11FE8A" bold="true" box="[933,1157,257,280]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Marasmia trapezalis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9A82097BFFFED8FABBFE8A" author="Guenee M. A." box="[1172,1327,257,280]" editor="Boisduval J. B. A. D. de" journalOrPublisher="Species General des Lepidopteres 8" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" pagination="1 - 448" part="8" refString="Guenee M. A. 1854. Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp. 1 - 448. In: Boisduval J. B. A. D. de & Guenee M. A., Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres 8 8. Roret, Paris." title="Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Histoire naturelle des insectes" year="1854">Guenée, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9A82097C96FEFBFB4AFEAB" box="[1021,1246,290,314]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9A82097C96FEFBFB4AFEAB" blockId="38.[933,1334,257,314]" box="[1021,1246,290,314]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9A82097C96FEFBFBE3FEA8" box="[1021,1143,290,314]" captionStart="Figs 33 - 40" captionStartId="15.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,257,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[208,1380,257,1820]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 33 - 40. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (33, 34) Marasmia trapezalis. (33) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, Sierra Negra, 11 km N Puerto Villamil, 9. iv. 2004, MHNG. (34) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (35) Maruca vitrata ♀, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 10. v. 2002, MHNG. (36) Microthyris anormalis ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, V. Darwin, 300 m, 15. v. 1992, MHNG. (37) Neoleucinodes elegantalis ♂, Guyane française, Rte de Kaw @ pk 37, 271 m, 6. iv. 2008, MHNG. (38, 39) Neoleucinodes galapagensis. (38) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (39) ♀ paratype, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, ca. 400 m up Los Guayabillos camp, 892 m, 1. iv. 2004, MHNG. (40) Palpita flegia ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, ix-xi. 1970, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162857/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Figs 33, 34</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9A82097BE9FEFBFB3FFEA8" box="[1154,1195,290,314]" captionStart="Figs 110 - 112" captionStartId="41.[151,192,1785,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1422,279,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,260,1720]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figs 110 - 112. Male genitalia of Galápagos Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (110) Lineodes vulcanalis holotype, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London. (111) Loxomorpha cambogialis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 6588, San Cristóbal. (112) Marasmia trapezalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9005, Santa Cruz." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162870/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">112</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9A82097BDDFEFBFB4AFEAB" box="[1206,1246,290,313]" captionStart="Figs 158 - 162" captionStartId="69.[151,192,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox="[183,1415,261,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[155,1435,254,1927]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Figs 158 - 162. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (158) Marasmia trapezalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9026, Galápagos, Santa Cruz (MHNG). (159) Maruca vitrata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8996, French Guiana. (160) Microthyris anormalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9027, Galápagos, Isabela (MHNG). (161) Neoleucinodes elegantalis: slide MHNG- ENTO- 8694, Venezuela. (162) N. galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8692." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162884/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">158</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9A82097C54FE96FA0CFE0C" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9A82097C54FE96FB30FEF7" blockId="38.[831,1436,335,415]" box="[831,1188,335,357]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB531189FF9A82097C54FE96FB30FEF7" box="[831,1188,335,357]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9A82097C54FE96FB34FEF7" authority="Guenee, 1854: 200" authorityName="Guenee" authorityPageNumber="200" authorityYear="1854" box="[831,1184,335,357]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Salbia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trapezalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097C54FE96FC76FEF6" box="[831,994,335,356]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Salbia trapezalis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FF9A82097C83FE96FB34FEF7" author="Guenee M. A." box="[1000,1184,335,357]" page="200" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" year="1854">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9A82097C83FE96FBE5FEF6" author="Guenee M. A." box="[1000,1137,335,356]" editor="Boisduval J. B. A. D. de" journalOrPublisher="Species General des Lepidopteres 8" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" pagination="1 - 448" part="8" refString="Guenee M. A. 1854. Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp. 1 - 448. In: Boisduval J. B. A. D. de & Guenee M. A., Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres 8 8. Roret, Paris." title="Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Histoire naturelle des insectes" year="1854">Guenée, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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: 200
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9A82097C54FEB4FA0CFE0C" blockId="38.[831,1436,335,415]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB531189FF9A82097C54FEB4FA0CFE0C" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9A82097C54FEB4FBFEFE13" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" box="[831,1130,364,386]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Marasmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trapezalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097C54FEB4FB93FE13" box="[831,1031,364,386]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Marasmia trapezalis</emphasis>
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(Guenée)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FF9A82097B1FFEB5FADDFE10" author="Peck S. B. & Heraty J. & Landry B. & Sinclair B. J." box="[1140,1353,364,387]" page="227" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9A82097B1FFEB5FA8DFE10" author="Peck S. B. & Heraty J. & Landry B. & Sinclair B. J." box="[1140,1305,364,387]" journalOrPublisher="American Entomologist" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" pagination="218 - 237" part="44" refString="Peck S. B., Heraty J., Landry B., Sinclair B. J. 1998. Introduced insect fauna of an oceanic archipelago: The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. American Entomologist 44: 218 - 237." title="Introduced insect fauna of an oceanic archipelago: The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador" type="journal article" year="1998">
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Peck
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097BC3FEB7FB4DFE13" box="[1192,1241,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1998
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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: 227
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. ‒
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FF9A82097A0FFEB4FBDBFE0D" author="Causton C. E. & Peck S. B. & Sinclair B. J. & Roque-Albelo L. & Hodgson C. J. & Landry B." page="141" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9A82097A0FFEB4FBB4FE0C" author="Causton C. E. & Peck S. B. & Sinclair B. J. & Roque-Albelo L. & Hodgson C. J. & Landry B." journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" pagination="121 - 143" part="99" refString="Causton C. E., Peck S. B., Sinclair B. J., Roque-Albelo L., Hodgson C. J., Landry B. 2006. Alien Insects: Threats and implications for conservation of Galapagos Islands. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 99: 121 - 143." title="Alien Insects: Threats and implications for conservation of Galapagos Islands" type="journal article" year="2006">
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||
Causton
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097CDBFE53FC75FE0C" box="[944,993,393,415]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 141
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. ‒
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9A82097B01FE50FA00FE0C" author="Roque-Albelo L. & Landry B." box="[1130,1428,393,415]" editor="Bungartz F." journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" pagination="2015" part="30" publicationUrl="http://www.darwinfoundation" refString="Roque-Albelo L., Landry B. 2015. Lepidoptera. In: Bungartz F., Herrera H., Jaramillo P., Tirado N., Jimenez-Uzcategui G., Ruiz D., Guezou A., Ziemmeck F. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / terrestrial-invertebrates / Last updated 30 November 2015." title="Lepidoptera" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2015">Roque-Albelo & Landry, 2015</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9A82097C54FE1DFB86FC0D" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9A82097C54FE1DFB83FE49" blockId="38.[831,1437,452,927]" box="[831,1047,452,475]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
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<heading id="D0B481CBFF9A82097C54FE1DFB83FE49" bold="true" box="[831,1047,452,475]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097C54FE1DFB83FE49" bold="true" box="[831,1047,452,475]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9A82097C54FE3DFC3DFD8F" blockId="38.[831,1437,452,927]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
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<typeStatus id="54F88805FF9A82097C54FE3DFC35FE69" box="[831,929,484,507]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097C54FE3DFC35FE69" box="[831,929,484,507]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Holotype</emphasis>
|
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</typeStatus>
|
||
:
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||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9A82097CD7FE3FFC44FE6F" box="[956,976,486,509]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9A82097B47FE3DFB56FE6F" box="[1068,1218,484,509]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
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without abdomen (
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||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF9A82097C2CFDDCFC09FD8F" box="[839,925,517,541]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9A82097C54FDFCFB86FC0D" blockId="38.[831,1437,452,927]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097C54FDFCFC66FDAF" box="[831,1010,549,573]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Other specimens</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9A82097B6BFDFCFBBCFDAF" box="[1024,1064,549,573]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" type="male">6 ♂</specimenCount>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9A82097B5EFDFCFBFEFDAF" box="[1077,1130,549,573]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" type="female">10 ♀</specimenCount>
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||
from the
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<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9A82097BB9FDFCFA0DFDAE" box="[1234,1433,549,572]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
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||
: –
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097C36FD9CFC38FDCE" box="[861,940,581,604]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9A82097C36FD9CFC38FDCE" box="[861,940,581,604]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Isabela</collectingRegion>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
: Sierra Negra,
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||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9A82097B01FD9FFB22FDCE" box="[1130,1206,581,606]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
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||
N Puerto Villamil, GPS:
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<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF9A82097CEBFDBFFB8EFDEE" box="[896,1050,613,638]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" precision="1" value="-1.4602166">S 00° 87.613’</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF9A82097B4CFDBFFB5FFDEC" box="[1063,1227,614,638]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" precision="1" value="-91.01505">W 91° 00.903’</geoCoordinate>
|
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; ±
|
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<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9A82097B9BFDBCFAA1FDEE" box="[1264,1333,613,636]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
|
||
N P[uer] to Villamil. –
|
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097CB6FD5FFBE0FD0E" box="[989,1140,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9A82097CB6FD5FFBE0FD0E" box="[989,1140,645,669]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9A82097CB6FD5FFBE0FD0E" box="[989,1140,645,669]" country="Dominican Republic" name="San Cristobal" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">San Cristóbal</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: El Junco, east side, GPS:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9A82097C54FD7CFC1DFD2F" box="[831,905,677,701]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.54" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" unit="m" value="654.0">654 m</quantity>
|
||
elev[ation].,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF9A82097B49FD7FFB57FD2E" box="[1058,1219,677,702]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" precision="1" value="-0.8955667">S 00° 53.734’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF9A82097BB8FD7FFAEBFD2C" box="[1235,1407,678,702]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" precision="1" value="-89.47878">W 89° 28.727’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097C54FD1FFC23FD4F" box="[831,951,710,733]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9A82097C54FD1FFC23FD4F" box="[831,951,710,733]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Charles Darwin Research Station, Barranco,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9A82097C54FD3FFCEEFD6F" box="[831,890,742,766]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.; low agriculture zone, GPS:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF9A82097A6FFD3FFA0CFD6C" box="[1284,1432,742,766]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" precision="1" value="-0.7022">S 00°42.132’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF9A82097C54FCDEFC7DFC8E" box="[831,1001,773,798]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" precision="1" value="-90.31927">W 90° 19.156’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; NNW Bella Vista, GPS:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9A82097A7AFCDCFACDFC8C" box="[1297,1369,773,798]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" unit="m" value="225.0">225 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF9A82097C54FCFFFC48FCAC" box="[831,988,806,830]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" precision="1" value="-0.6882166">S 00° 41.293’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF9A82097C81FCFEFB04FCAE" box="[1002,1168,805,830]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" precision="1" value="-90.32775">W 90° 19.665’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; Finca Vilema,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9A82097A2AFCFFFAEEFCAE" box="[1345,1402,805,830]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
W Bella Vista; Los Gemelos. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097B18FC9EFB46FCCC" box="[1139,1234,839,862]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9A82097B18FC9EFB46FCCC" box="[1139,1234,839,862]" country="Philippines" name="Santiago" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Santiago</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Aguacate [camp],
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9A82097C54FCBFFC12FCEC" box="[831,902,870,894]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" unit="m" value="520.0">520 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9A82097CB9FCBFFBB5FCEF" box="[978,1057,870,893]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
[camp],
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9A82097BEDFCBFFB59FCEC" box="[1158,1229,870,894]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
|
||
elev. Deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF9A82097C54FC5EFC11FC0D" box="[831,901,903,927]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rhcv-mdhf" name="Invertebrate Collection" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">CDRS</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF9A82097CD2FC5EFB9AFC0D" box="[953,1038,903,927]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9A82097C54FC6CFC21FBFC" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9A82097C54FC6CFC21FBFC" blockId="38.[831,1437,949,1134]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097C54FC6CFC22FC5E" bold="true" box="[831,950,949,972]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
The three straight lines of the hindwing, the basal two slightly interrupted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9A82097BF0FC0CFAB6FC7C" box="[1179,1314,981,1006]" captionStart="Figs 33 - 40" captionStartId="15.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,257,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[208,1380,257,1820]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 33 - 40. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (33, 34) Marasmia trapezalis. (33) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, Sierra Negra, 11 km N Puerto Villamil, 9. iv. 2004, MHNG. (34) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (35) Maruca vitrata ♀, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 10. v. 2002, MHNG. (36) Microthyris anormalis ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, V. Darwin, 300 m, 15. v. 1992, MHNG. (37) Neoleucinodes elegantalis ♂, Guyane française, Rte de Kaw @ pk 37, 271 m, 6. iv. 2008, MHNG. (38, 39) Neoleucinodes galapagensis. (38) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (39) ♀ paratype, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, ca. 400 m up Los Guayabillos camp, 892 m, 1. iv. 2004, MHNG. (40) Palpita flegia ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, ix-xi. 1970, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162857/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Figs 33, 34</figureCitation>
|
||
), represent a unique diagnostic character with regard to the other Spilomelinae species of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9A82097B15FBCCFB67FBBE" box="[1150,1267,1045,1068]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The wingspan based on the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9A82097C90FBECFBFAFBDE" box="[1019,1134,1077,1100]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens examined is
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9A82097C54FB8FFC25FBFC" box="[831,945,1110,1134]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="19.0">19-21 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9A82097C54FB5CFAAFFAAC" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9A82097C54FB5CFAAFFAAC" blockId="38.[831,1437,1157,1342]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097C54FB5CFC0BFB0E" bold="true" box="[831,927,1157,1180]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Biology:</emphasis>
|
||
The larva is recorded to feed on a wide variety of plants of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9A82097B2DFB7FFB35FB2F" box="[1094,1185,1190,1213]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including rice, millet, sugar cane, and sorghum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9A82097B1BFB1CFAFAFB4C" author="Robinson G. S. & Ackery P. R. & Kitching I. J. & Beccaloni G. W. & Hernandez L. M." box="[1136,1390,1221,1246]" journalOrPublisher="a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" publicationUrl="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/researchcuration/research/projects/hostplants" refString="Robinson G. S., Ackery P. R., Kitching I. J., Beccaloni G. W., Hernandez L. M. 2014. HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / researchcuration / research / projects / hostplants /" title="HOSTS" type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Robinson
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097B8EFB1FFA8EFB4E" box="[1253,1306,1221,1245]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9A82097C01FB3CFC4FFB6E" box="[874,987,1253,1276]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens have been collected from the littoral zone up to about
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9A82097B2EFADFFB03FA8F" box="[1093,1175,1286,1310]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
in elevation in a diverse range of habitats, and from February until May.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9A82097C54FA8DFAF9F91E" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9A82097C54FA8DFAF9F91E" blockId="38.[831,1437,1364,1678]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097C54FA8DFC40FAF9" bold="true" box="[831,980,1364,1387]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Based on BMNH specimens this species is found in the Neotropical region in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9A82097A42FAADFA0CFA19" box="[1321,1432,1396,1419]" name="Argentina" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9A82097C54FA4CFBB9FA3E" box="[831,1069,1429,1452]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9A82097B12FA4CFB40FA3E" box="[1145,1236,1429,1452]" name="Jamaica" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9A82097B8CFA4FFC1CFA5E" author="Patterson B." journalOrPublisher="North American Moth Photographers Group" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" publicationUrl="http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu" refString="Patterson B. et al. 2015. North American Moth Photographers Group. http: // mothphotographersgroup. msstate. edu." title="et al" type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Patterson
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097A37FA4FFA01FA3E" box="[1372,1429,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
record it from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9A82097B55FA6CFB1BFA5E" box="[1086,1167,1461,1484]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9A82097BF6FA6FFB4FFA5F" box="[1181,1243,1462,1485]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
and a few other states of the south east
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9A82097B3CFA0FFB04FA7C" box="[1111,1168,1494,1518]" name="United States of America" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It was described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9A82097C54FA2CFC5AF99F" box="[831,974,1525,1549]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
and has been recorded widely in Africa (BMNH specimens;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9A82097B4FF9CFFACEF9BE" author="De Prins J. & De Prins W." box="[1060,1370,1557,1582]" journalOrPublisher="World Wide Web electronic publication (www. afromoths. net) [last accessed" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" pagination="2015" part="30" refString="De Prins J., De Prins W. 2015. Afromoths, online database of Afrotropical moth species (Lepidoptera). World Wide Web electronic publication (www. afromoths. net) [last accessed 30 October 2015]" title="Afromoths, online database of Afrotropical moth species (Lepidoptera)" type="journal article" year="2015">De Prins & De Prins, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is also known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9A82097B68F9ECFBAEF9DE" box="[1027,1082,1589,1612]" name="India" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9A82097B1FF9EFFB48F9DC" box="[1140,1244,1590,1614]" name="Myanmar" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9A82097B87F9ECFCEDF9FC" author="Robinson G. S. & Ackery P. R. & Kitching I. J. & Beccaloni G. W. & Hernandez L. M." journalOrPublisher="a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" publicationUrl="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/researchcuration/research/projects/hostplants" refString="Robinson G. S., Ackery P. R., Kitching I. J., Beccaloni G. W., Hernandez L. M. 2014. HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / researchcuration / research / projects / hostplants /" title="HOSTS" type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Robinson
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097A36F9EFFA1BF9DE" box="[1373,1423,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9A82097CB5F98CFBDBF9FE" box="[990,1103,1621,1644]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
the species has been collected on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9A82097C0AF9ACFC3BF91E" box="[865,943,1653,1676]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Isabela</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9A82097CD1F9AFFBD9F91E" box="[954,1101,1653,1678]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9A82097CD1F9AFFBD9F91E" box="[954,1101,1653,1678]" country="Dominican Republic" name="San Cristobal" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">San Cristóbal</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9A82097B3CF9AFFB5BF91C" box="[1111,1231,1654,1678]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9A82097A63F9ACFAFDF91E" box="[1288,1385,1653,1676]" country="Philippines" name="Santiago" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Santiago</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9A82077C54F97CFE11FD8E" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9A82077C54F97CFE11FD8E" blockId="38.[831,1437,1700,2078]" lastBlockId="40.[151,757,258,541]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097C54F97CFC26F92F" bold="true" box="[831,946,1701,1725]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9A82097CABF97FFB3DF929" box="[960,1193,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Marasmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trapezalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097CABF97FFB3DF929" box="[960,1193,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Marasmia trapezalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from a male from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9A82097CBCF91CFBFEF94F" box="[983,1130,1733,1757]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The genitalia on the slide preparation of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF9A82097B65F93CFBE4F96E" box="[1038,1136,1765,1788]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9A82097BF2F93FFCE1F88E" authority="Walker, 1859" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="creonalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097BF2F93FFAD5F96E" box="[1177,1345,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Botys creonalis</emphasis>
|
||
Walker, 1859
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BMNH), a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9A82097BAEF8DFFAF6F88E" box="[1221,1378,1797,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Marasmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trapezalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097BAEF8DFFAF6F88E" box="[1221,1378,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">M. trapezalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are identical to those of a dissected female from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9A82097A37F8FCFC11F8CF" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and of those of a female from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9A82097A40F89CFA08F8CE" box="[1323,1436,1861,1884]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9A82097C23F8BCFC39F8EE" box="[840,941,1893,1916]" captionStart="Figs 158 - 162" captionStartId="69.[151,192,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox="[183,1415,261,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[155,1435,254,1927]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Figs 158 - 162. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (158) Marasmia trapezalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9026, Galápagos, Santa Cruz (MHNG). (159) Maruca vitrata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8996, French Guiana. (160) Microthyris anormalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9027, Galápagos, Isabela (MHNG). (161) Neoleucinodes elegantalis: slide MHNG- ENTO- 8694, Venezuela. (162) N. galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8692." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162884/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Fig. 158</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF9A82097C8EF8BCFBDCF8EE" box="[997,1096,1893,1916]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is designated here for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9A82097A0BF8BFFBA8F80E" authority="Walker, 1859" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="creonalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9A82097A0BF8BFFC35F80E" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Botys creonalis</emphasis>
|
||
Walker, 1859
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9A82097B98F85FFA09F80E" box="[1267,1437,1925,1950]" country="Dominican Republic" name="Santo Domingo" pageId="38" pageNumber="353">Santo Domingo</collectingRegion>
|
||
on the basis of two specimens. This female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF9A82097A51F87CFA09F82E" box="[1338,1437,1957,1980]" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
bears the following labels: 1-‘Type’ [circular, green bordered, typed], 2- ‘St. Dom. / 55.1’ [typed]; 3- ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9A82097C2FF7DFFC3BF78F" box="[836,943,2054,2077]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Brit. Mus. / Slide. / 6402’ [typed in red, except for hand written number in black ink]; 4- ‘Photographed / B. M. Negative’ [typed, except for cross bar]; 5- ‘55.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9482077EE3FE9AFD1BFEC9" box="[392,655,323,347]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="creonalis">BOTYS CREONALIS</taxonomicName>
|
||
.’ [typed, folded]; 6- ‘Lecto/ type’ [circular, marine blue bordered, typed]; 7- ‘
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF9482077E78FE5DFE25FE0E" box="[275,433,388,412]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9482077EA5FE5DFD99FE0E" box="[462,525,388,412]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Botys</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9482077D41FE5AFD1FFE08" box="[554,651,387,410]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="creonalis">creonalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Walker / Des. B. Landry, 2000’ [typed except for name and last two zeros]. The second
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF9482077E93FE1CFDD8FE4F" box="[504,588,453,477]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
is designated
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF9482077FFCFE3DFEBFFE69" box="[151,299,484,507]" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; it is a dissected female (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9482077D3AFE3DFEADFD8F" authority="Brit. Mus. Slide No." authorityName="Brit. Mus. Slide No." class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide.</taxonomicName>
|
||
6404).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |