452 lines
62 KiB
XML
452 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document id="255D7DB57ED99BF0A40E4E039672AA9A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.155309" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b195c5ca-7f2b-4f1b-a9a9-c1095c95d012" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="155309" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477237842213" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bernard Landry" docDate="2016" docId="03EA87B1FF9682017CDAFC00FADBFE6B" docLanguage="en" docName="13_Landry.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 123 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B.2:RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Neoleucinodes galapagensis Landry, 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="8A8A1CA8-B191-40B6-A328-FF401C1C10F1" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="18" lastPageNumber="361" masterDocId="FFD3FFC9FFBC822F7F6BFFD9FF94FF92" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="399" masterPageNumber="315" pageNumber="357" updateTime="1698390478594" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E591D35721982CA4038792BDA0F365B0">Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5A69A278BB3DB682563AF0AC840D98B1">Bernard Landry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="47A6FE52FC34DFD9050F2B0D2F93EE70">Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A862F0B1ABA9F428C889F3DA1129B985">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="1371FFB4CE8A26C8114ECC101A4FA27B" type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BFFDA493A3E38C932FCA764C87222955" type="ZooBank">9ED8B8D5-ADA1-4B53-A1D3-0F75F889A179</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EA87B1FF9682017CDAFC00FADBFE6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5823206" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124557775" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5823206" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8A8A1CA8-B191-40B6-A328-FF401C1C10F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87B1FF9682017CDAFC00FADBFE6B" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9682057CDAFC00FABEFC60" box="[945,1322,985,1010]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9682057CDAFC00FABEFC60" blockId="42.[945,1322,985,1042]" box="[945,1322,985,1010]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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<heading id="D0B481CBFF9682057CDAFC00FABEFC60" bold="true" box="[945,1322,985,1010]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057CDAFC00FABEFC60" bold="true" box="[945,1322,985,1010]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9682057CDAFC00FB73FC62" box="[945,1255,985,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galapagensis" status="sp. nov." subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057CDAFC00FB73FC62" bold="true" box="[945,1255,985,1008]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Neoleucinodes galapagensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457CEFF9682057B85FC03FABEFC60" box="[1262,1322,986,1010]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9682057C82FC23FB66FB83" box="[1001,1266,1018,1042]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9682057C82FC23FB66FB83" blockId="42.[945,1322,985,1042]" box="[1001,1266,1018,1042]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9682057C82FC23FBF7FB80" box="[1001,1123,1018,1042]" captionStart="Figs 33 - 40" captionStartId="15.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,257,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[208,1380,257,1820]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 33 - 40. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (33, 34) Marasmia trapezalis. (33) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, Sierra Negra, 11 km N Puerto Villamil, 9. iv. 2004, MHNG. (34) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (35) Maruca vitrata ♀, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 10. v. 2002, MHNG. (36) Microthyris anormalis ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, V. Darwin, 300 m, 15. v. 1992, MHNG. (37) Neoleucinodes elegantalis ♂, Guyane française, Rte de Kaw @ pk 37, 271 m, 6. iv. 2008, MHNG. (38, 39) Neoleucinodes galapagensis. (38) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (39) ♀ paratype, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, ca. 400 m up Los Guayabillos camp, 892 m, 1. iv. 2004, MHNG. (40) Palpita flegia ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, ix-xi. 1970, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162857/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Figs 38, 39</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9682057B05FC23FB1FFB83" box="[1134,1163,1018,1041]" captionStart="Figs 81 - 91" captionStartId="27.[151,192,1618,1639]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,261,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1448,257,1566]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figs 81 - 91. Segment VIII of new Galápagos Spilomelinae species described herein. (81) Agathodes galapagensis, tergite above: slide CNC PYR 365. (82) Desmia mordor, tergite folded unto itself: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8668. (83) Diaphania galapagensis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8934. (84) Lineodes corinnae, slide BL 1802. (85) L. vulcanalis: slide BMNH Pyr 21191. (86) Neoleucinodes galapagensis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9025. (87) Samea coffea: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8719. (88) S. inconspicuella: slide CNC PYR 367. (89) Sisyracera jacquelinae: slide BMNH Pyr 21188. (90) Udea galapagensis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8717. (91) U. sideralis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9024. Figs 85, 89 under copyright and permission of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162863/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">86</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9682057BFDFC23FB2BFB83" box="[1174,1215,1018,1041]" captionStart="Figs 116 - 118" captionStartId="45.[151,192,1694,1715]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,265,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1437,261,1638]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figs 116 - 118. Male genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (116) Neoleucinodes galapagensis holotype. (117) Omiodes indicata: slide MHNG- ENTO- 8698, Galápagos, Santa Cruz. (118) Palpita flegia: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8997, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162872/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">116</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9682057BA1FC23FB66FB83" box="[1226,1266,1018,1041]" captionStart="Figs 158 - 162" captionStartId="69.[151,192,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox="[183,1415,261,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[155,1435,254,1927]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Figs 158 - 162. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (158) Marasmia trapezalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9026, Galápagos, Santa Cruz (MHNG). (159) Maruca vitrata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8996, French Guiana. (160) Microthyris anormalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9027, Galápagos, Isabela (MHNG). (161) Neoleucinodes elegantalis: slide MHNG- ENTO- 8694, Venezuela. (162) N. galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8692." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162884/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">162</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9682057C54FBE3FB9EF78C" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9682057C54FBE3FBB4FBC3" blockId="42.[831,1437,1082,2078]" box="[831,1056,1082,1105]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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<heading id="D0B481CBFF9682057C54FBE3FBB4FBC3" bold="true" box="[831,1056,1082,1105]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057C54FBE3FBB4FBC3" bold="true" box="[831,1056,1082,1105]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Material examined:</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9682057C54FB82FB1EFA87" blockId="42.[831,1437,1082,2078]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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<materialsCitation id="3B2B3CFAFF9682057C54FB82FB1EFA87" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324016929" collectingCountry="Ecuador" collectingDate="1992-04-09" collectingMethod="M [ercury] V [apour] L [ight]" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="B. Landry’" country="Ecuador" elevation="700" location="Central [camp]" municipality="Santiago" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" specimenCode="00009025, BL 1244" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="GALAPAGOS" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057C54FB82FC35FBE0" box="[831,929,1115,1138]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF9682057C54FB82FC35FBE0" box="[831,929,1115,1138]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057CDAFB85FC51FBE1" box="[945,965,1116,1139]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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, ‘
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<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF9682057CBCFB85FB87FBE6" box="[983,1043,1116,1140]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15848" name="Edith Cowan University" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">ECU</collectionCode>
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[ADOR].,
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<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057BEFFB85FAB7FBE6" box="[1156,1315,1116,1140]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">GALAPAGOS</collectingRegion>
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B98ACDDFF9682057A53FB82FA0CFBE0" box="[1336,1432,1115,1138]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057A53FB82FA0CFBE0" box="[1336,1432,1115,1138]" country="Philippines" name="Santiago" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Santiago</collectingRegion>
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</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="8E9C607CFF9682057C54FBA2FC4AFB01" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87B1FF9682017CDAFC00FADBFE6B:8E9C607CFF9682057C54FBA2FC4AFB01" box="[831,990,1147,1171]" municipality="Santiago" name="Central [camp]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" stateProvince="GALAPAGOS">
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<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057C54FBA2FC1AFB00" box="[831,910,1147,1170]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Central</collectingRegion>
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[camp]
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</location>
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|
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<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057C84FBA5FBA5FB01" box="[1007,1073,1148,1172]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="male">
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<elevation id="006ED194FF9682057C84FBA5FBA5FB01" box="[1007,1073,1148,1172]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" unit="m" value="700.0">
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<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9682057C84FBA5FBA5FB01" box="[1007,1073,1148,1172]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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</specimenCount>
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elev[ation].,
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<collectingDate id="EFB9E98FFF9682057BD7FBA2FA8BFB00" box="[1212,1311,1147,1170]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" value="1992-04-09">
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<date id="FFFD1067FF9682057BD7FBA2FA8BFB00" box="[1212,1311,1147,1170]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" value="1992-04-09">
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||
<date id="FFFD1067FF9682057BD7FBA2FB73FB00" box="[1212,1255,1147,1170]" day="09" month="04" monthName="iv" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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9.
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<date id="FFFD1067FF9682057BA7FBA2FB73FB00" box="[1228,1255,1147,1170]" month="04" monthName="iv" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" year="1992">iv.</date>
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</date>
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1992
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</date>
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</collectingDate>
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|
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<collectingMethod id="52024EB0FF9682057A44FBA5FC7BFB20" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">M[ercury] V[apour]L[ight]</collectingMethod>
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, leg[it].
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<collectorName id="26B65371FF9682057B38FB44FB44FB20" box="[1107,1232,1179,1204]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">B. Landry’</collectorName>
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; ‘[slide]
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<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF9682057A51FB45FA1FFB26" box="[1338,1419,1180,1204]" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">MHNG</collectionCode>
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| ENTO
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<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057CE6FB64FC35FB46" box="[909,929,1213,1236]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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|
|
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<specimenCode id="DBE59EDCFF9682057CD8FB65FBB2FB41" box="[947,1062,1212,1235]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">00009025</specimenCode>
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||
’; ‘genitalia slide |
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||
<specimenCode id="DBE59EDCFF9682057B8FFB64FAD7FB47" box="[1252,1347,1213,1237]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">BL 1244</specimenCode>
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’ (upside down); ‘HOLOTYPE |
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9682057B52FB05FB43FB61" box="[1081,1239,1244,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" subFamily="Spilomelinae">Neoleucinodes</taxonomicName>
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|
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9682057B82FB05FAE5FB61" box="[1257,1393,1244,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galapagensis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">galapagensis</taxonomicName>
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| B. Landry’. Deposited in MHNG.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9682057C54FAC7FB9EF78C" blockId="42.[831,1437,1082,2078]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057C54FAC7FC3FFAA7" box="[831,939,1310,1333]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF9682057C54FAC7FC3FFAA7" box="[831,939,1310,1333]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
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||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057CD4FAC7FC79FAA7" box="[959,1005,1310,1334]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057B6BFAC7FBAFFAA7" box="[1024,1083,1310,1334]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="female">38 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057BDFFAC4FAEBFAA6" box="[1204,1407,1309,1332]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
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||
. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057C54FAE4FC29FAC6" box="[831,957,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Fernandina</emphasis>
|
||
:
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||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057CBAFAE7FC6AFAC7" box="[977,1022,1342,1366]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, SW side, crater rim, GPS:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9682057A2DFAE7FA08FAC7" box="[1350,1436,1342,1366]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.341" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" unit="m" value="1341.0">1341 m</quantity>
|
||
elev[ation].,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF9682057CA1FA87FBF3FAE4" box="[970,1127,1374,1398]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" precision="1" value="-0.36516666">S 00° 21.910’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF9682057B1EFA86FA8FFAE4" box="[1141,1307,1374,1398]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" precision="1" value="-91.56723">W 91° 34.034’</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FF9682057A42FA87FA0CFAE7" box="[1321,1432,1374,1397]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" value="2005-02-13">13.ii.2005</date>
|
||
, u[ltra]v[iolet]l[ight] (B. Landry, P. Schmitz);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057A5DFAA6FAF6FA04" box="[1334,1378,1407,1431]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(one dissected, slide MHNG-ENTO-8690),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057B99FA46FAB5FA25" box="[1266,1313,1439,1463]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, SW side, crater rim, reared from young green fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9682057A54FA66FC39FA64" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erianthum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057A54FA66FC39FA64" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Solanum erianthum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, coll[ected].
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FF9682057B50FA06FB3DFA64" box="[1083,1193,1503,1526]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" value="2005-02-12">12.ii.2005</date>
|
||
, em[erged].
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FF9682057A5BFA06FA08FA64" box="[1328,1436,1503,1526]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" value="2005-02-28">28.ii.2005</date>
|
||
(P. Schmitz). –
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057CB0F9D9FBBEF985" box="[987,1066,1536,1559]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057CB0F9D9FBBEF985" box="[987,1066,1536,1559]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Isabela</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057B5DF9D9FBF3F98A" box="[1078,1127,1536,1560]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="female">11 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(one dissected, slide MHNG- ENTO-8692), NE slope Alcedo, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9682057BB8F9F8FA8FF9AA" box="[1235,1307,1569,1593]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
up (S) Los Guayabillos camp, GPS:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9682057B3AF998FB03F9CA" box="[1105,1175,1601,1625]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.92" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" unit="m" value="892.0">892 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF9682057BB4F998FAECF9C5" box="[1247,1400,1600,1625]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" precision="1" value="-0.42013332">S 00° 25.208’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF9682057AEFF998FC54F9EA" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" precision="1" value="-91.079414">W 91° 04.765’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FF9682057CA0F9B8FBA5F9EA" box="[971,1073,1633,1656]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" value="2004-04-01">1.iv.2004</date>
|
||
, uvl (B. Landry, P. Schmitz);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057A06F9B8FA02F9EB" box="[1389,1430,1633,1657]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Alcedo, lado NE,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9682057B6EF95BFBD8F90B" box="[1029,1100,1666,1690]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
|
||
, camp guayabillos,
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FF9682057A4EF958FA0CF90A" box="[1317,1432,1665,1688]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" value="2002-04-16">16.iv.2002</date>
|
||
, uvl (B. Landry, L. Roque);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057B34F97BFB12F928" box="[1119,1158,1698,1722]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, V[olcan]. Darwin,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9682057A31F978FA08F928" box="[1370,1436,1697,1722]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" unit="m" value="630.0">630 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FF9682057C15F91AFC7EF949" box="[894,1002,1731,1755]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" value="1992-05-17">17.v.1992</date>
|
||
, M[ercury]V[apour]L[ight] (B. Landry);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057C54F93AFCF1F968" box="[831,869,1763,1787]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, V. Darwin,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9682057C8EF93AFBB3F968" box="[997,1063,1763,1787]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FF9682057B0CF93AFB46F969" box="[1127,1234,1763,1787]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" value="1992-05-20">20.v.1992</date>
|
||
, MVL (B. Landry);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057C54F8DAFCFDF889" box="[831,873,1795,1819]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9682057CFBF8DAFC41F888" box="[912,981,1795,1818]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
|
||
N P[uer]to Villamil,
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FF9682057BABF8DAFABFF888" box="[1216,1323,1795,1818]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" value="1992-05-25">25.v.1992</date>
|
||
, MVL (B. Landry);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057CC0F8FDFC4EF8A9" box="[939,986,1828,1852]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Sierra Negra, Corazon Verde (T.J. de Vries, B.M. 1976-58);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057B5DF89DFBCBF8C9" box="[1078,1119,1860,1884]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, idem except
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FF9682057B92F89AFA0CF8C8" box="[1273,1432,1859,1882]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" value="1975-12-19" valueMax="1975-12-20" valueMin="1975-12-19">19-20.xii.1975</date>
|
||
. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057C3FF8BCFC1AF8EE" box="[852,910,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Pinta</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057CF6F8BDFC52F8EE" box="[925,966,1892,1916]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="female">8 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(one dissected, slide MHNG-ENTO-8691),
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9682057C54F85CFC12F80E" box="[831,902,1925,1949]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FF9682057CBAF85DFBD3F809" box="[977,1095,1924,1947]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" value="1992-03-17">17.iii.1992</date>
|
||
, MVL (B. Landry);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057A40F85DFAC3F80E" box="[1323,1367,1924,1948]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, idem except
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FF9682057CFBF87DFB93F829" box="[912,1031,1956,1979]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" value="1992-03-18">18.iii.1992</date>
|
||
. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057B45F87CFB3DF82F" box="[1070,1193,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057B45F87CFB3DF82F" box="[1070,1193,1957,1981]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057BD7F87CFB7CF82F" box="[1212,1256,1957,1981]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057B91F87CFAB2F82F" box="[1274,1318,1957,1981]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Hacienda Schiess,
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FF9682057CF5F81CFC7BF84E" box="[926,1007,1989,2012]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" value="1974-11">xi.1974</date>
|
||
(B.M. 1975-7, Ref. L.). –
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057A5DF81FFA01F84F" box="[1334,1429,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057A5DF81FFA01F84F" box="[1334,1429,1990,2013]" country="Philippines" name="Santiago" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Santiago</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057C54F83FFCF3F86F" box="[831,871,2022,2046]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF9682057C95F83CFBCBF86E" box="[1022,1119,2021,2044]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF9682057B9FF83FFAD3F86F" box="[1268,1351,2022,2045]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF9682057A3BF83FFA0CF86C" box="[1360,1432,2022,2046]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rhcv-mdhf" name="Invertebrate Collection" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">CDRS</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF9682057C54F7DFFCECF78C" box="[831,888,2054,2078]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">CNC</collectionCode>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF9682057CDAF7DFFB92F78C" box="[945,1030,2054,2078]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF3C662FFF9782047FFCF961FE2AF8B6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162871/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="358" targetBox="[153,1435,264,1660]" targetPageId="43">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9782047FFCF961FE2AF8B6" blockId="43.[151,1437,1720,1828]" pageId="43" pageNumber="358">
|
||
Figs 113-115. Male genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (113)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9782047DFBF90EFCB3F97E" box="[656,807,1751,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Maruca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitrata" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9782047DFBF90EFCB3F97E" box="[656,807,1751,1772]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="358">Maruca vitrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: slide MHNG-ENTO-8995, French Guiana. (114)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9782047A47F90CFE1EF895" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Microthyris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anormalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9782047A47F90CFE1EF895" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="358">Microthyris anormalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: slide MHNG-ENTO-9006, Galápagos, Isabela. (115)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9782047CFFF92BFB1BF895" box="[916,1167,1778,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9782047CFFF92BFB1BF895" box="[916,1167,1778,1799]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="358">Neoleucinodes elegantalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: slide MHNG-ENTO-8693, French Guiana.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9082037FFCFEDBFD8BFEA9" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9082037FFCFEDBFD8BFEA9" blockId="44.[151,756,258,315]" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9082037FFCFEDBFEC7FE88" box="[151,339,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">Other specimens</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9082037E02FEDAFE0EFE88" box="[361,410,259,283]" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
with label ‘179’ referring to notebook entry ‘Isa, Nov., Dec. ‘74’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9082037FFCFE8BFD5CFB46" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9082037FFCFE8BFD5CFB46" blockId="44.[151,757,338,1236]" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9082037FFCFE8BFE84FEFB" bold="true" box="[151,272,338,361]" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
This species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9082037EAFFE8BFDC6FEF9" box="[452,594,338,363]" captionStart="Figs 33 - 40" captionStartId="15.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,257,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[208,1380,257,1820]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 33 - 40. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (33, 34) Marasmia trapezalis. (33) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, Sierra Negra, 11 km N Puerto Villamil, 9. iv. 2004, MHNG. (34) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (35) Maruca vitrata ♀, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 10. v. 2002, MHNG. (36) Microthyris anormalis ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, V. Darwin, 300 m, 15. v. 1992, MHNG. (37) Neoleucinodes elegantalis ♂, Guyane française, Rte de Kaw @ pk 37, 271 m, 6. iv. 2008, MHNG. (38, 39) Neoleucinodes galapagensis. (38) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (39) ♀ paratype, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, ca. 400 m up Los Guayabillos camp, 892 m, 1. iv. 2004, MHNG. (40) Palpita flegia ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, ix-xi. 1970, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162857/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">Figs 38, 39</figureCitation>
|
||
) differs from the hyaline white-winged
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9082037EBFFEADFD64FE19" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" box="[468,752,370,395]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9082037EBFFEADFDE2FE1B" box="[468,630,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">N. elegantalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Guenée)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9082037FFCFE4DFE1BFE39" authority="Dyar" authorityName="Dyar" box="[151,399,403,427]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissolvens" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9082037FFCFE4DFEA6FE38" box="[151,306,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">N. dissolvens</emphasis>
|
||
(Dyar)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9082037ECEFE4DFD23FE39" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" box="[421,695,403,427]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperialis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9082037ECEFE4DFDA9FE38" box="[421,573,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">N. imperialis</emphasis>
|
||
(Guenée)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9082037FFCFE6DFE6FFE5E" authority="Diaz & Solis, 2007" authorityName="Diaz & Solis" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,507,435,460]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvaniae" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9082037FFCFE6DFE8EFE58" box="[151,282,435,459]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">N. silvaniae</emphasis>
|
||
Díaz & Solis, 2007
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by virtue of the more abundant suffusion of darker scales on both wings, with the paler areas harbouring a brownish shade. In male genitalia
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9082037E57FDCFFE79FDB9" box="[316,493,532,557]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galapagensis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9082037E57FDCFFE79FDB9" box="[316,493,532,557]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">N. galapagensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9082037E95FDCDFDC9FDB9" box="[510,605,532,555]" captionStart="Figs 116 - 118" captionStartId="45.[151,192,1694,1715]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,265,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1437,261,1638]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figs 116 - 118. Male genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (116) Neoleucinodes galapagensis holotype. (117) Omiodes indicata: slide MHNG- ENTO- 8698, Galápagos, Santa Cruz. (118) Palpita flegia: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8997, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162872/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">Fig. 116</figureCitation>
|
||
) is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9082037FFCFDEFFEA4FDDE" box="[151,304,565,589]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9082037FFCFDEFFEA4FDDE" box="[151,304,565,589]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">N. elegantalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9082037E28FDECFE37FDDE" box="[323,419,565,588]" captionStart="Figs 113 - 115" captionStartId="43.[151,192,1720,1741]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,264,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1437,259,1666]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figs 113 - 115. Male genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (113) Maruca vitrata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8995, French Guiana. (114) Microthyris anormalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9006, Galápagos, Isabela. (115) Neoleucinodes elegantalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8693, French Guiana." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162871/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">Fig. 115</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9082037ED0FDEFFDD8FDDE" box="[443,588,565,589]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissolvens" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9082037ED0FDEFFDD8FDDE" box="[443,588,565,589]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">N. dissolvens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9082037D36FDEFFF4AFDFC" authority="Dyar" authorityName="Dyar" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prophetica" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9082037D36FDEFFD60FDDE" box="[605,756,565,589]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">N. prophetica</emphasis>
|
||
(Dyar)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9082037E7FFD8EFE07FDFE" box="[276,403,597,622]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvaniae" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9082037E7FFD8EFE07FDFE" box="[276,403,597,622]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">N. silvaniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all of which have a single long, spine-like cornutus on the vesica. They differ especially in details of the position and shape of the fibula, and shape of the valva, tegumen, and uncus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9082037D3CFD6FFE99FD7C" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9082037D3CFD6FFE99FD7C" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">Neoleucinodes elegantalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar in genitalia, but the basal patch of the forewing is a mixture of rust, taupe and white scales while the mediodorsal, triangular patch is rust brown except for a row of taupe brown along the patch’s margins (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9082037ED4FC81FD82FCE3" box="[447,534,856,881]" captionStart="Figs 33 - 40" captionStartId="15.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,257,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[208,1380,257,1820]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 33 - 40. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (33, 34) Marasmia trapezalis. (33) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, Sierra Negra, 11 km N Puerto Villamil, 9. iv. 2004, MHNG. (34) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (35) Maruca vitrata ♀, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 10. v. 2002, MHNG. (36) Microthyris anormalis ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, V. Darwin, 300 m, 15. v. 1992, MHNG. (37) Neoleucinodes elegantalis ♂, Guyane française, Rte de Kaw @ pk 37, 271 m, 6. iv. 2008, MHNG. (38, 39) Neoleucinodes galapagensis. (38) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (39) ♀ paratype, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, ca. 400 m up Los Guayabillos camp, 892 m, 1. iv. 2004, MHNG. (40) Palpita flegia ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, ix-xi. 1970, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162857/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
); in male genitalia
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9082037FFCFCA3FEACFC02" box="[151,312,889,913]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9082037FFCFCA3FEACFC02" box="[151,312,889,913]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">N. elegantalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having a narrower valva, the fibula situated before mid-length, narrower and apically rounded, and the phallus about twice as long. In female genitalia, the above-mentioned species are all similar, with a long corpus bursae without signum, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9082037FFCFBC5FEDCFBA0" box="[151,328,1051,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galapagensis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9082037FFCFBC5FEDCFBA0" box="[151,328,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">N. galapagensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9082037E31FBC2FE2DFBA0" box="[346,441,1051,1074]" captionStart="Figs 158 - 162" captionStartId="69.[151,192,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox="[183,1415,261,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[155,1435,254,1927]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Figs 158 - 162. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (158) Marasmia trapezalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9026, Galápagos, Santa Cruz (MHNG). (159) Maruca vitrata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8996, French Guiana. (160) Microthyris anormalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9027, Galápagos, Isabela (MHNG). (161) Neoleucinodes elegantalis: slide MHNG- ENTO- 8694, Venezuela. (162) N. galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8692." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162884/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">Fig. 162</figureCitation>
|
||
) differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9082037D30FBC5FD60FBA0" box="[603,756,1051,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9082037D30FBC5FD60FBA0" box="[603,756,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">N. elegantalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9082037FF4FBE2FF69FBC0" box="[159,253,1083,1106]" captionStart="Figs 158 - 162" captionStartId="69.[151,192,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox="[183,1415,261,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[155,1435,254,1927]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Figs 158 - 162. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (158) Marasmia trapezalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9026, Galápagos, Santa Cruz (MHNG). (159) Maruca vitrata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8996, French Guiana. (160) Microthyris anormalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9027, Galápagos, Isabela (MHNG). (161) Neoleucinodes elegantalis: slide MHNG- ENTO- 8694, Venezuela. (162) N. galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8692." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162884/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">Fig. 161</figureCitation>
|
||
) in the slightly bent posterior apophyses, the straighter and apically pointed anterior apophyses, the narrower ventral plate on segment VIII, the more thickly sclerotized band along the ventral margin of the ostium bursae, and the comparatively shorter ductus bursae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9082037FFCFB34FF78FAD6" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9082037FFCFB34FF78FAD6" blockId="44.[151,756,1261,1348]" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9082037FFCFB34FE89FA97" bold="true" box="[151,285,1261,1285]" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The new name refers to the area of occurrence and highlights the endemic status of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9082017FFCFA84FD58F9BB" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9082037FFCFA84FC64FA29" blockId="44.[151,756,1373,2079]" lastBlockId="44.[831,1437,258,2078]" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9082037FFCFA84FEB2FAE6" bold="true" box="[151,294,1373,1396]" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9082037E58FA84FEFEFAE6" box="[307,362,1373,1396]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(n=5) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9082037EA2FA84FD8BFAE4" box="[457,543,1373,1398]" captionStart="Figs 33 - 40" captionStartId="15.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,257,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[208,1380,257,1820]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 33 - 40. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (33, 34) Marasmia trapezalis. (33) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, Sierra Negra, 11 km N Puerto Villamil, 9. iv. 2004, MHNG. (34) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (35) Maruca vitrata ♀, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 10. v. 2002, MHNG. (36) Microthyris anormalis ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, V. Darwin, 300 m, 15. v. 1992, MHNG. (37) Neoleucinodes elegantalis ♂, Guyane française, Rte de Kaw @ pk 37, 271 m, 6. iv. 2008, MHNG. (38, 39) Neoleucinodes galapagensis. (38) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (39) ♀ paratype, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, ca. 400 m up Los Guayabillos camp, 892 m, 1. iv. 2004, MHNG. (40) Palpita flegia ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, ix-xi. 1970, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162857/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head with frons gently rounded, not projecting, vestiture on frons pale, appressed, short scaled, mottled white and pale yellowish brown, with few greyish brown scales, with longer narrow scales behind eye yellowish brown ventrally, white dorsally and directed anterodorsally, with occipital scales reaching between antennal bases, white to yellowish brown; antenna filiform, with ventral ciliation short, slightly shorter than width of corresponding flagellomeres, vestiture mottled with white, cream and different shades of pale brown on scape, dirty white with single darker greyish scale in middle of basal row in basal flagellomeres, uniformly coloured and almost pure white toward apex of flagellum; maxillary palpus tiny, not reaching above pilifer, directed anterodorsally along dorsal margin of labial palpus, white and pale greyish brown; labial palpus projecting anterodorsally at half right angle distinctly above top of head and anteriorly for about as long as eye diameter, vestiture mostly short, with projecting scales ventrally on first flagellomere and base of second, with third segment distinct, not hidden by scales of second flagellomere, mottled white and various shades of pale brown; haustellum mottled white and various shades of pale brown. Thorax dorsally mostly with greyish brown scales with paler bases, with some scales darker greyish brown or chestnut brown, with large transverse white band in middle of scales of tegulae, white also apically on mesoscutellum and medially on metascutum, apical scales of tegulae with paler bases and apices, subapically pale greyish brown. Foreleg coxa white with few light greyish brown, cream, and sometimes chestnut brown scales; femur medially unicoloured greyish brown, laterally white with dark greyish brown patch subapically; tibia greyish brown with white at base, with long thin scales covering epiphysis light chestnut brown; tarsomere I cream with few greyish brown scales at base, tarsomeres II-V white. Midleg white with blackish brown at apex of femur, scattered light brown on tibia especially on basal half, tarsomeres cream in darker specimens. Hindleg as midleg, with less brown scaling on tibia. Forewing length: 6.5-9.0 mm (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF9082037B53FC5AFB09FC08" box="[1080,1181,899,922]" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: 9.0 mm) (wingspan: 14.0-18.0 mm;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF9082037C93FC7AFBCFFC28" box="[1016,1115,931,954]" pageId="44" pageNumber="359" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: 18.0 mm). Wing vestiture as shown, with chestnut brown markings pale greyish brown instead in specimens from Fernandina, forewing with many of the darker scales erect. Abdomen dorsally with tergite I mostly white, with chestnut brown to pale greyish brown lateral patches, tergite II pale greyish brown with some slightly darker scales or with lateral patches of chestnut brown and base and apical margin white, tergite III as second except for absence of white at base, subsequent tergites pale greyish brown with paler lateral patches or darker greyish brown with few chestnut brown scales and a thin white apical line; laterally on some segments with short, erect, dark greyish brown or chestnut brown scales; ventrally pale greyish with white apical margin apparent in darker specimens. Segment VIII with sclerotization pattern as shown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9082037CFFFA7DFC70FA29" box="[916,996,1444,1467]" captionStart="Figs 81 - 91" captionStartId="27.[151,192,1618,1639]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,261,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1448,257,1566]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figs 81 - 91. Segment VIII of new Galápagos Spilomelinae species described herein. (81) Agathodes galapagensis, tergite above: slide CNC PYR 365. (82) Desmia mordor, tergite folded unto itself: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8668. (83) Diaphania galapagensis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8934. (84) Lineodes corinnae, slide BL 1802. (85) L. vulcanalis: slide BMNH Pyr 21191. (86) Neoleucinodes galapagensis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9025. (87) Samea coffea: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8719. (88) S. inconspicuella: slide CNC PYR 367. (89) Sisyracera jacquelinae: slide BMNH Pyr 21188. (90) Udea galapagensis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8717. (91) U. sideralis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9024. Figs 85, 89 under copyright and permission of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162863/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9082017C54FA1DFE18FE6E" blockId="44.[831,1437,258,2078]" lastBlockId="46.[151,757,258,1579]" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">
|
||
Male genitalia (n=2) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9082037B5AFA1DFB04FA49" box="[1073,1168,1476,1499]" captionStart="Figs 116 - 118" captionStartId="45.[151,192,1694,1715]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,265,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1437,261,1638]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figs 116 - 118. Male genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (116) Neoleucinodes galapagensis holotype. (117) Omiodes indicata: slide MHNG- ENTO- 8698, Galápagos, Santa Cruz. (118) Palpita flegia: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8997, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162872/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">Fig. 116</figureCitation>
|
||
). Uncus with short wide base, slightly wider than apex of tegumen, with lateral margins rounded, second third (‘neck’) narrow, bare, distal third (‘head’) enlarged, ovoid, with short and thick spine-like setae directed backwards. Subscaphium basally simple, narrow, medially about
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FF9082037A66F9BCFABAF9EF" box="[1293,1326,1637,1661]" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">2X</date>
|
||
as wide, distally forming two lateral rods reaching beyond tip of uncus. Tegumen forming complete cover dorsally, elongate, about
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FF9082037C98F91FFB80F94C" box="[1011,1044,1734,1758]" pageId="44" pageNumber="359">4X</date>
|
||
as long as width at 3/4 of length, narrowing distally to about 1/3 basal width, without longitudinal dorsomedian strut, with lateral margins thickened, basal margin concave, apical margin blunt. Pseudognathos thin, medially membranous along base of subscaphium. Transtilla arms bird-head shaped, almost connected medially. Valva elongate, narrowing to 1/3 basal width, apically rounded, dorsal margin thickly sclerotized from base to 2/3, ventral margin thickly sclerotized from base to middle, medially at mid-length with fibula short, flat, triangular, corrugated, and directed medially. Juxta a triangle with rounded base. Vinculum very narrow laterally, only slightly enlarging dorsally; with ventral margin straight and saccus forming median bulbous enlargement directed dorsally. Phallus straight, with basal 2/5 dorsally membranous, slightly shorter than valva, apically with ventral margin slightly extended, rounded; vesica with single straight cornutus about 2/5 length of phallus shaft.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3C662FFF9182027FFCF947FB32F97F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162872/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="360" targetBox="[166,1436,265,1637]" targetPageId="45">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9182027FFCF947FB32F97F" blockId="45.[151,1436,1694,1774]" pageId="45" pageNumber="360">
|
||
Figs 116-118. Male genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (116)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9182027DE4F962FC32F942" box="[655,934,1723,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galapagensis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9182027DE4F962FC32F942" box="[655,934,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="360">Neoleucinodes galapagensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype. (117)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9182027B38F962FA96F942" box="[1107,1282,1723,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Omiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicata" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9182027B38F962FA96F942" box="[1107,1282,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="360">Omiodes indicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: slide MHNG- ENTO-8698, Galápagos, Santa Cruz. (118)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9182027DA6F901FCDBF97C" box="[717,847,1752,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Palpita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flegia" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9182027DA6F901FCDBF97C" box="[717,847,1752,1774]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="360">Palpita flegia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: slide MHNG-ENTO-8997, Brazil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9282017FFCFDDCFE9EFC13" blockId="46.[151,757,258,1579]" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9282017FFCFDDCFF73FD8E" box="[151,231,517,540]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(n=38) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9282017E28FDDCFE07FD8C" box="[323,403,517,542]" captionStart="Figs 33 - 40" captionStartId="15.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,257,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[208,1380,257,1820]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 33 - 40. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (33, 34) Marasmia trapezalis. (33) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, Sierra Negra, 11 km N Puerto Villamil, 9. iv. 2004, MHNG. (34) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (35) Maruca vitrata ♀, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 10. v. 2002, MHNG. (36) Microthyris anormalis ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, V. Darwin, 300 m, 15. v. 1992, MHNG. (37) Neoleucinodes elegantalis ♂, Guyane française, Rte de Kaw @ pk 37, 271 m, 6. iv. 2008, MHNG. (38, 39) Neoleucinodes galapagensis. (38) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (39) ♀ paratype, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, ca. 400 m up Los Guayabillos camp, 892 m, 1. iv. 2004, MHNG. (40) Palpita flegia ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, ix-xi. 1970, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162857/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
): Antenna with length of ciliation about one fourth that of male. Forewing length: 6.5- 12.0 mm (wingspan: 13.5-24.0 mm). Vestiture with markings chestnut brown as shown to mostly greyish brown, also with erect scales on forewing. Abdomen dorsally with tergite I mostly white with chestnut brown or greyish brown laterally, subsequent tergites greyish brown with or without paler patches laterally, ending with row of white scales apically; laterally with short erect scales as in males; ventrally pale cream or pale greyish brown with tiny darker spots medially at apex of tergites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9282017FFCFC53FD58F9BB" blockId="46.[151,757,258,1579]" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">
|
||
Female genitalia (n=2) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9282017ED4FC53FDBDFC33" box="[447,553,906,929]" captionStart="Figs 158 - 162" captionStartId="69.[151,192,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox="[183,1415,261,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[155,1435,254,1927]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Figs 158 - 162. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (158) Marasmia trapezalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9026, Galápagos, Santa Cruz (MHNG). (159) Maruca vitrata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8996, French Guiana. (160) Microthyris anormalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9027, Galápagos, Isabela (MHNG). (161) Neoleucinodes elegantalis: slide MHNG- ENTO- 8694, Venezuela. (162) N. galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8692." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162884/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">Fig. 162</figureCitation>
|
||
). Papillae anales laterally compressed, disconnected and longer dorsally, forming low right triangle with posterior margin slightly convex; sclerotized basal margin very narrow; posterior apophyses about 2/3 width of papillae anales, slightly widened from 1/2 to 2/5. Segment VIII with tergum longer dorsally, shortening by about 1/3 at level of apophyses, then slightly widening and triangular; ventrally and just posterad of ostium bursae with elongate triangular plate almost connecting with lateroventral angles of sternum and with posterior margin medially v-shaped; anterior apophyses about 10% longer than posterior apophyses, slightly thicker, with slight enlargement subbasally. Ostium bursae with ventral narrow band extending and narrowing laterally. Ductus bursae with funnel-shaped antrum about 10% of whole ductus length, medially with short sclerotized plate of colliculum, dorsally with inception of ductus seminalis; rest of ductus bursae of medium girth, slightly widening toward corpus bursae. Corpus bursae small, about 1/4 of ductus length, circular, without signum or other modifications of membrane.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9282017FFCF99BFE3BF889" pageId="46" pageNumber="361" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9282017FFCF99BFE3BF889" blockId="46.[151,757,1602,1819]" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9282017FFCF99BFF62F9CB" bold="true" box="[151,246,1602,1625]" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">Biology:</emphasis>
|
||
Five specimens have been reared from young green fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9282017E53F9BBFD60F9EB" authority="D. Don" authorityName="D. Don" box="[312,756,1634,1659]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="361" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erianthum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9282017E53F9BBFD9FF9EB" box="[312,523,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">Solanum erianthum</emphasis>
|
||
D. Don (Solanaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Fernandina. In the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9282017EFBF95AFD95F908" box="[400,513,1667,1690]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens have been collected only at higher elevations ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9282017DC5F97DFD60F929" box="[686,756,1700,1724]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="361" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9282017FD4F91DFE9AF949" box="[191,270,1732,1755]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">Isabela</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Alcedo, to the crater rim on Fernandina. Collecting dates are in February until May, and November and December.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9282017FFCF8EDFF68F81E" pageId="46" pageNumber="361" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9282017FFCF8EDFF68F81E" blockId="46.[151,756,1844,1932]" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9282017FFCF8EDFEBAF8D9" bold="true" box="[151,302,1844,1867]" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
This is a
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9282017ED5F8EDFDA4F8D9" box="[446,560,1844,1867]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
endemic so far collected on Fernandina,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9282017EC3F88DFE62F8F9" box="[424,502,1876,1899]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">Isabela</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Pinta,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9282017D23F88CFD55F8FF" box="[584,705,1877,1901]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9282017FFCF8ACFF6CF81E" box="[151,248,1909,1932]" country="Philippines" name="Santiago" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">Santiago</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9282017FFCF87CFADBFE6B" pageId="46" pageNumber="361" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9282017FFCF87CFADBFE6B" blockId="46.[151,757,1956,2078]" lastBlockId="46.[831,1437,258,506]" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9282017FFCF87CFE9DF82F" bold="true" box="[151,265,1957,1981]" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The host plant species is indigenous, but not endemic to the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9282017E1CF81CFE7FF84E" box="[375,491,1989,2012]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
, on which it occurs on several of the islands (Jaramillo
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9282017E9CF83FFD7DF86E" author="Jaramillo Diaz P." box="[503,745,2021,2046]" editor="Bungartz F." journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="46" pageNumber="361" pagination="2016" part="1" publicationUrl="http://www.darwinfoundation.org" refString="Jaramillo Diaz P., GuezouA. 2015. CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galapagos. In: Bungartz F., Herrera H., Jaramillo P., Tirado N., Jimenez-Uzcategui G., Ruiz D., Guezou A. & Ziemmeck F. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / vascular-plants / Last accessed 1 June 2016." title="CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galapagos" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2015">Díaz & Guézou, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It can be found around the world in tropical regions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9282017C2CFEDBFB96FE89" author="McMullen C. K." bookContentInfo="370 pp." box="[839,1026,258,283]" journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London" pageId="46" pageNumber="361" refString="McMullen C. K. 1999. Flowering plants of the Galapagos. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London. 370 pp." title="Flowering plants of the Galapagos" type="book" year="1999">McMullen, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Older specimens, collected in
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FF9282017A0CFEDAFC31FEAB" pageId="46" pageNumber="361" value="1974" valueMax="1975">1974 and 1975</date>
|
||
are from the agriculture zone on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9282017A4BFEFBFAF8FEAB" box="[1312,1388,290,313]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">Isabela</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9282017C54FE9AFC2EFEC9" box="[831,954,323,347]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="46" pageNumber="361">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
, but all other specimens, collected in 1992, 2002, 2004, and 2005 are from pristine habitats or habitats unmodified by man, except for the (former?) presence of invasive introduced mammal species. This may reflect a decrease in the diversity of the fauna and flora in the agriculture zone in more recent times.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |