339 lines
39 KiB
XML
339 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8DA1838FA8B71D804ADEE7AF20B67070">Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FCED8A9A831A9FFEFB9C8CDF87181102">Bernard Landry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="450DA0F987E371C9887597193BAA81F4">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03EA87B1FF8A82177CECF93BFDD1F907" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5823234" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124557754" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5823234" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87B1FF8A82177CECF93BFDD1F907" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87B1FF8A82177CECF93BFDD1F907" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="371" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8A82197CECF93BFAC0F96B" box="[903,1364,1762,1785]" pageId="54" pageNumber="369" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8A82197CECF93BFAC0F96B" blockId="54.[903,1364,1762,1819]" box="[903,1364,1762,1785]" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">
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<heading id="D0B481CBFF8A82197CECF93BFAC0F96B" bold="true" box="[903,1364,1762,1785]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="369" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8A82197CECF93BFAC0F96B" authority="Walker, 1859" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" box="[903,1364,1762,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Rhectocraspeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="periusalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8A82197CECF93BFAC0F96B" bold="true" box="[903,1364,1762,1785]" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8A82197CECF93BFB3CF96B" bold="true" box="[903,1192,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">Rhectocraspeda periusalis</emphasis>
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(Walker, 1859)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8A82197C96F8DAFB4BF888" box="[1021,1247,1795,1819]" pageId="54" pageNumber="369" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8A82197C96F8DAFB4BF888" blockId="54.[903,1364,1762,1819]" box="[1021,1247,1795,1819]" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8A82197C96F8DAFBE2F888" box="[1021,1142,1795,1819]" captionStart="Figs 49 - 56" captionStartId="19.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,279,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[203,1386,257,1833]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs 49 - 56. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (49, 50) Rhectocraspeda periusalis. (49) ♂, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (50) ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, ± 15 km N Pto Villamil, 25. v. 1992, MHNG. (51, 52) Salbia haemorrhoidalis. (51) ♂, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, antiguo botadero, ca. 4 km SE Pto Baquerizo, 169 m, 22. ii. 2005, MHNG. (52) ♂, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 8. v. 2002, MHNG. (53, 54) Samea castellalis. (53) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, close to Caseta, 686 m, 6. iii. 2005, MHNG. (54) ♂, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, pampa zone, 15. ii. 1989, CNC. (55, 56) Samea coffea. (55) ♀ holotype, CNC. (56) ♂ paratype, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, 4 km SE Pto Baquerizo, 12. ii. 1989, CNC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162859/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">Figs 49, 50</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8A82197BEAF8DAFB3FF889" box="[1153,1195,1795,1819]" captionStart="Figs 122 - 124" captionStartId="49.[151,192,1703,1724]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,262,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1437,262,1645]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figs 122 - 124. Male genitalia of Galápagos Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (122) Psara chathamalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8663, Santiago. (123) Rhectocraspeda periusalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8981, Isabela. (124) Salbia haemorrhoidalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8700, Santa Cruz." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162874/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">123</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8A82197BDCF8DAFB4BF888" box="[1207,1247,1795,1818]" captionStart="Figs 168 - 172" captionStartId="73.[151,192,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox="[175,1400,263,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[161,1420,254,1925]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 168 - 172. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (168) Psara chathamalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8993, Galápagos, Española. (169) Rhectocraspeda periusalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8982, Galápagos, Isabela. (170) Salbia haemorrhoidalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8994, Brazil. (171) Samea castellalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8707, Galápagos, San Cristóbal. (172) S. coffea paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8720." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162886/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">169</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8A82197C54F8EBFB5FF80C" pageId="54" pageNumber="369" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8A82197C54F8EBFB02F8D4" blockId="54.[831,1437,1841,1951]" box="[831,1174,1841,1863]" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8A82197C54F8EBFB06F8D4" authority="Walker, 1859: 564" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="564" authorityYear="1859" box="[831,1170,1841,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="periusalis">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8A82197C54F8EBFC4EF8D4" box="[831,986,1841,1863]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">Botys periusalis</emphasis>
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Walker, 1859: 564
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8A82197C54F896FAE2F8F6" blockId="54.[831,1437,1841,1951]" box="[831,1398,1870,1892]" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB531189FF8A82197C54F896FAE2F8F6" box="[831,1398,1870,1892]" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8A82197C54F896FB00F8F1" authority="Walker, 1859" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" box="[831,1172,1870,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Caprinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="periusalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8A82197C54F896FC6FF8F1" box="[831,1019,1870,1892]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">Caprinia periusalis</emphasis>
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(Walker, 1859)
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FF8A82197BF6F897FAE6F8F6" author="Peck S. B. & Heraty J. & Landry B. & Sinclair B. J." box="[1181,1394,1870,1892]" page="227" pageId="54" pageNumber="369" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8A82197BF6F897FAD6F8F6" author="Peck S. B. & Heraty J. & Landry B. & Sinclair B. J." box="[1181,1346,1870,1892]" journalOrPublisher="American Entomologist" pageId="54" pageNumber="369" pagination="218 - 237" part="44" refString="Peck S. B., Heraty J., Landry B., Sinclair B. J. 1998. Introduced insect fauna of an oceanic archipelago: The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. American Entomologist 44: 218 - 237." title="Introduced insect fauna of an oceanic archipelago: The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador" type="journal article" year="1998">
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Peck
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8A82197BB9F896FA9CF8F1" box="[1234,1288,1870,1892]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">et al.,</emphasis>
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||
1998
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 227
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8A82197C54F8B2FB5FF80C" blockId="54.[831,1437,1841,1951]" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8A82197C54F8B2FB09F812" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[831,1181,1899,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Rhectocraspeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="periusalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8A82197C54F8B2FBABF812" box="[831,1087,1899,1920]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">Rhectocraspeda periusalis</emphasis>
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||
(Walker)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FF8A82197BCDF8B5FA0DF813" author="Causton C. E. & Peck S. B. & Sinclair B. J. & Roque-Albelo L. & Hodgson C. J. & Landry B." box="[1190,1433,1899,1922]" page="141" pageId="54" pageNumber="369" year="2006">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8A82197BCDF8B5FAFEF812" author="Causton C. E. & Peck S. B. & Sinclair B. J. & Roque-Albelo L. & Hodgson C. J. & Landry B." box="[1190,1386,1899,1922]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="369" pagination="121 - 143" part="99" refString="Causton C. E., Peck S. B., Sinclair B. J., Roque-Albelo L., Hodgson C. J., Landry B. 2006. Alien Insects: Threats and implications for conservation of Galapagos Islands. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 99: 121 - 143." title="Alien Insects: Threats and implications for conservation of Galapagos Islands" type="journal article" year="2006">
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Causton
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8A82197B91F8B4FABFF812" box="[1274,1323,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">et al.</emphasis>
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||
, 2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 141
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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. ‒
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8A82197CF6F850FB53F80C" author="Roque-Albelo L. & Landry B." box="[925,1223,1929,1950]" editor="Bungartz F." journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="54" pageNumber="369" pagination="2015" part="30" publicationUrl="http://www.darwinfoundation" refString="Roque-Albelo L., Landry B. 2015. Lepidoptera. In: Bungartz F., Herrera H., Jaramillo P., Tirado N., Jimenez-Uzcategui G., Ruiz D., Guezou A., Ziemmeck F. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / terrestrial-invertebrates / Last updated 30 November 2015." title="Lepidoptera" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2015">Roque-Albelo & Landry, 2015</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8A82177C54F81CFD65FDC9" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="371" pageId="54" pageNumber="369" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8A82197C54F81CFBB4F84E" blockId="54.[831,1437,1989,2078]" box="[831,1056,1989,2012]" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">
|
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<heading id="D0B481CBFF8A82197C54F81CFBB4F84E" bold="true" box="[831,1056,1989,2012]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="369" reason="6">
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8A82197C54F81CFBB4F84E" bold="true" box="[831,1056,1989,2012]" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">Material examined:</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8A82197C54F83CFB5BF86C" blockId="54.[831,1437,1989,2078]" box="[831,1231,2021,2046]" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8A82197C54F83CFC35F86E" box="[831,929,2021,2044]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8A82197C54F83CFC35F86E" box="[831,929,2021,2044]" pageId="54" pageNumber="369" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF8A82197CC4F83FFC57F86F" box="[943,963,2022,2045]" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">♂</specimenCount>
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||
from the
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8A82197B47F83FFBF4F86C" box="[1068,1120,2022,2046]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF8A82197B05F83FFB50F86C" box="[1134,1220,2022,2046]" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8A82177C54F7DFFD65FDC9" blockId="54.[831,1437,1989,2078]" lastBlockId="56.[151,757,258,603]" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="371" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8A82197C54F7DFFC68F78C" box="[831,1020,2054,2078]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">Other specimens</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF8A82197B78F7DFFBC6F78C" box="[1043,1106,2054,2078]" pageId="54" pageNumber="369" type="male">15 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF8A82197B03F7DFFB33F78C" box="[1128,1191,2054,2078]" pageId="54" pageNumber="369" type="female">13 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
from the
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||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8A82177A47F7DFFF73FE8B" country="Ecuador" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="371" name="Galapagos" pageId="54" pageNumber="369">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
: –
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177E68FEDBFEC6FE8B" box="[259,338,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177E68FEDBFEC6FE8B" box="[259,338,258,281]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Isabela</collectingRegion>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
: Tagus Cove; V[olcan]. Darwin,
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||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177DDAFEDAFD60FE88" box="[689,756,259,283]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
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||
elev[ation].; V. Darwin,
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||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177EF4FEFAFE66FEA8" box="[415,498,291,315]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.;
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177D50FEFAFDE7FEAB" box="[571,627,290,315]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
W P[uer]to Villamil;
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177F96FE9AFED4FECB" box="[253,320,322,347]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
|
||
N Pto Villamil; ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177D6DFE9BFDDEFECB" box="[518,586,322,345]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
|
||
N Pto Villamil;
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177FFCFEBAFF5FFEEB" box="[151,203,354,379]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
N S[an]to Tómas, Agr[iculture]. Zone; Sierra Negra, pampa zone,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177E47FE5AFE15FE08" box="[300,385,387,411]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
alt[itude].; pampa zone. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177DD8FE5AFD79FE08" box="[691,749,387,410]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Pinta</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177FFCFE7AFF4BFE28" box="[151,223,419,443]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
elev. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177E55FE7AFE42FE2B" box="[318,470,418,442]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8482177E55FE7AFE42FE2B" box="[318,470,418,442]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177E55FE7AFE42FE2B" box="[318,470,418,442]" country="Dominican Republic" name="San Cristobal" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">San Cristóbal</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177E83FE7AFDB7FE2B" box="[488,547,418,443]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
SE Pto Baquarizo [sic];
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177FBDFE1AFE99FE4B" box="[214,269,450,475]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
S
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177E40FE1BFE39FE49" box="[299,429,450,475]" country="Guatemala" name="El Progreso" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">El Progreso</collectingRegion>
|
||
. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177EA6FE1AFDD1FE48" box="[461,581,451,474]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177EA6FE1AFDD1FE48" box="[461,581,451,474]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177D3FFE1AFD1FFE4B" box="[596,651,450,475]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
N Puerto Ayora; agriculture zone, near (NNW) Bella Vista, GPS:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177FFCFDDAFF4EFD88" box="[151,218,515,539]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.23" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="m" value="223.0">223 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF8482177E76FDDAFE25FD89" box="[285,433,515,539]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" precision="1" value="-0.6882833">S 00° 41.297’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF8482177ED1FDDAFDCDFD8B" box="[442,601,514,539]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" precision="1" value="-90.327835">W 90° 19.670’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177D08FDDAFD0CFD8B" box="[611,664,514,539]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
W Bella Vista; Media Luna, pampa zone. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177D59FDFAFD05FDA8" box="[562,657,547,570]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177D59FDFAFD05FDA8" box="[562,657,547,570]" country="Philippines" name="Santiago" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Santiago</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177DCEFDFBFD60FDAB" box="[677,756,546,569]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
[camp],
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177F9BFD9AFEA0FDC8" box="[240,308,579,603]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
|
||
elev. Deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF8482177D6BFD9AFDDCFDC9" box="[512,584,579,603]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rhcv-mdhf" name="Invertebrate Collection" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">CDRS</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF8482177D38FD9AFD18FDC9" box="[595,652,579,603]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">CNC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF8482177DF3FD9AFD79FDC9" box="[664,749,579,603]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF3C662FFF8B82187FFCF943FE0EF894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162877/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="370" targetBox="[152,1435,257,1626]" targetPageId="55">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8B82187FFCF943FE0EF894" blockId="55.[151,1437,1690,1798]" pageId="55" pageNumber="370">
|
||
Figs 131-133. Male genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (131)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8B82187DECF96EFCD0F95E" box="[647,836,1719,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Synclera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jarbusalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8B82187DECF96EFCD0F95E" box="[647,836,1719,1740]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="370">Synclera jarbusalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: slide MHNG-ENTO-8985, Brazil. (132)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8B82187B82F961FA01F95E" box="[1257,1429,1719,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Syngamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florella" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8B82187B82F961FA01F95E" box="[1257,1429,1719,1741]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="370">Syngamia florella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: slide MHNG-ENTO-8987, Galápagos, Santa Cruz. (133)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8B82187C26F90CFB8BF97B" box="[845,1055,1748,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Terastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meticulosalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8B82187C26F90CFB8BF97B" box="[845,1055,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="370">Terastia meticulosalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: slide MHNG-ENTO-9032, Galápagos, Santa Cruz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8482177FFCFDA8FD26FCFB" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8482177FFCFDA8FD26FCFB" blockId="56.[151,756,625,874]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177FFCFDA8FE84FD1A" bold="true" box="[151,272,625,648]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Although the males of this dark brown species with darker brown markings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8482177D0AFD48FD2EFD38" box="[609,698,657,682]" captionStart="Figs 49 - 56" captionStartId="19.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,279,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[203,1386,257,1833]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs 49 - 56. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (49, 50) Rhectocraspeda periusalis. (49) ♂, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (50) ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, ± 15 km N Pto Villamil, 25. v. 1992, MHNG. (51, 52) Salbia haemorrhoidalis. (51) ♂, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, antiguo botadero, ca. 4 km SE Pto Baquerizo, 169 m, 22. ii. 2005, MHNG. (52) ♂, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 8. v. 2002, MHNG. (53, 54) Samea castellalis. (53) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, close to Caseta, 686 m, 6. iii. 2005, MHNG. (54) ♂, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, pampa zone, 15. ii. 1989, CNC. (55, 56) Samea coffea. (55) ♀ holotype, CNC. (56) ♂ paratype, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, 4 km SE Pto Baquerizo, 12. ii. 1989, CNC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162859/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
|
||
) are easily separated from other species by virtue of their thickened antennae at base and enlarged anal sector of the hindwing, females (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8482177EF5FD28FE64FC9A" box="[414,496,753,776]" captionStart="Figs 49 - 56" captionStartId="19.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,279,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[203,1386,257,1833]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs 49 - 56. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (49, 50) Rhectocraspeda periusalis. (49) ♂, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (50) ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, ± 15 km N Pto Villamil, 25. v. 1992, MHNG. (51, 52) Salbia haemorrhoidalis. (51) ♂, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, antiguo botadero, ca. 4 km SE Pto Baquerizo, 169 m, 22. ii. 2005, MHNG. (52) ♂, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 8. v. 2002, MHNG. (53, 54) Samea castellalis. (53) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, close to Caseta, 686 m, 6. iii. 2005, MHNG. (54) ♂, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, pampa zone, 15. ii. 1989, CNC. (55, 56) Samea coffea. (55) ♀ holotype, CNC. (56) ♂ paratype, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, 4 km SE Pto Baquerizo, 12. ii. 1989, CNC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162859/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
|
||
) will be best separated with the key presented above under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177D29FCCBFE0FFCD8" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Herpetogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaeopteralis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177D29FCCBFEBEFCDA" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Herpetogramma phaeopteralis</emphasis>
|
||
(Guenée)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The wingspan of the available males is
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177F9EFC8BFEF1FCFB" box="[245,357,850,874]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="20.0">20-22 mm</quantity>
|
||
, that of the females
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177D56FC8BFD3BFCFB" box="[573,687,850,874]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="18.0">18-19 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8482177FFCFC59FF5AFB4B" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8482177FFCFC59FF5AFB4B" blockId="56.[151,756,896,1241]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177FFCFC59FF63FC05" bold="true" box="[151,247,896,919]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Biology:</emphasis>
|
||
Known as the Eggplant webworm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8482177DFBFC58FF5AFC2B" author="Heppner J. B." bookContentInfo="670 pp." journalOrPublisher="Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 17" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" refString="Heppner J. B. 2003. Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog. Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 17: 670 pp." title="Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog" type="book" year="2003">Heppner, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) the larva has been reared on several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177FFCFC19FE87FC45" box="[151,275,960,983]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including many tomato species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177DFDFC19FD60FC45" box="[662,756,960,983]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177DFDFC19FD60FC45" box="[662,756,960,983]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.), potato (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177E2AFC39FDB5FC65" box="[321,545,992,1015]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177E2AFC39FDB5FC65" box="[321,545,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Solanum tuberosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.), and tobacco (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177FCBFBDBFEFBFB85" box="[160,367,1024,1049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Nicotiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabacum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177FCBFBDBFEFBFB85" box="[160,367,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Nicotiana tabacum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.), but also on other plants in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177FFCFBF9FEB1FBA5" box="[151,293,1056,1079]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Acanthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177E55FBF9FE7FFBA5" box="[318,491,1056,1079]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177D6FFBF9FD37FBA5" box="[516,675,1056,1079]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cucurbitaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177DD6FBF8FF4AFBCA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177F93FB99FE30FBC5" box="[248,420,1088,1111]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phytolaccaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Phytolaccaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177ED6FB99FDA2FBC5" box="[445,566,1088,1111]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177DE6FB98FE0AFBEB" authority="Robinson et al., 2014" authorityName="Robinson et al." authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
|
||
Rosaceae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8482177FF5FBB9FE02FBEB" author="Robinson G. S. & Ackery P. R. & Kitching I. J. & Beccaloni G. W. & Hernandez L. M." box="[158,406,1120,1145]" journalOrPublisher="a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" publicationUrl="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/researchcuration/research/projects/hostplants" refString="Robinson G. S., Ackery P. R., Kitching I. J., Beccaloni G. W., Hernandez L. M. 2014. HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / researchcuration / research / projects / hostplants /" title="HOSTS" type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Robinson
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177E7AFBBBFED0FBE5" box="[273,324,1120,1145]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177E93FBB9FDFDFBE5" box="[504,617,1120,1143]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
moths were collected between sea level and
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177D62FB58FDCBFB0A" box="[521,607,1153,1177]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
in elevation, mostly in uninhabited areas or islands, in January until May.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8482177FFCFB36FD3DFA74" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8482177FFCFB36FD3DFA74" blockId="56.[151,756,1263,1511]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177FFCFB36FEA4FA94" bold="true" box="[151,304,1263,1286]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Based on BMNH specimens this widespread
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177E71FAC9FEE5FAB5" box="[282,369,1296,1319]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Hemisphere native described from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8482177FA9FAE9FF62FADA" box="[194,246,1328,1352]" name="United States of America" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
is also found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8482177EDCFAF6FD84FAD4" box="[439,528,1327,1350]" name="Jamaica" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8482177D75FAF6FDE6FAD4" box="[542,626,1327,1350]" name="Mexico" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177D75FAF6FDE6FAD4" box="[542,626,1327,1350]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8482177DEBFAF6FD64FAD4" box="[640,752,1327,1350]" name="Venezuela" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8482177FFCFA96FE97FAF4" box="[151,259,1359,1382]" name="Colombia" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8482177E7AFA96FEC1FAF4" box="[273,341,1359,1382]" name="Brazil" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8482177E08FA89FE03FAF5" box="[355,407,1360,1383]" name="Peru" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8482177EBFFA96FDD6FAF4" box="[468,578,1359,1382]" name="Argentina" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8482177D24FA89FF4AFA1A" author="Ferguson D. C. & Hilburn D. J. & Wright B." journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, Ottawa" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" pagination="1 - 105" part="123" refString="Ferguson D. C., Hilburn D. J. & Wright B. 1991. The Lepidoptera of Bermuda: their food plants, biogeography, and means of dispersal. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, Ottawa 123 (158): 1 - 105." title="The Lepidoptera of Bermuda: their food plants, biogeography, and means of dispersal" type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Ferguson
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177DD0FA88FD79FAF4" box="[699,749,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1991)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also mention it from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8482177EB9FAB6FDA0FA14" box="[466,564,1391,1414]" name="Bermuda" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
and as a migrant in the eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8482177E53FA49FEF8FA3A" box="[312,364,1424,1448]" name="United States of America" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
as far north as
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177D48FA56FD2AFA34" box="[547,702,1423,1446]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8482177FA2FA69FE26FA54" author="Patterson B." box="[201,434,1455,1480]" journalOrPublisher="North American Moth Photographers Group" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" publicationUrl="http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu" refString="Patterson B. et al. 2015. North American Moth Photographers Group. http: // mothphotographersgroup. msstate. edu." title="et al" type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Patterson
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177E5FFA68FEF7FA54" box="[308,355,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177D62FA76FDEEFA54" box="[521,634,1455,1478]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
it has been found so far only on the four islands listed above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8482177FFCFA26FDD1F907" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8482177FFCFA26FDD1F907" blockId="56.[151,757,1534,1687]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177FFCFA26FE9CF985" bold="true" box="[151,264,1535,1559]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
External characters of the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8482177D1CFA27FD41F987" box="[631,725,1534,1557]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in the BMNH were found to match
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177D6EF9C7FDE2F9A7" box="[517,630,1566,1589]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8482177FA2F9E7FEB2F9C7" box="[201,294,1598,1621]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has no abdomen, but the wing pattern and the enlarged anal angle of the hindwing are deemed sufficient to insure proper identification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |