353 lines
63 KiB
XML
353 lines
63 KiB
XML
<document id="41317C480A0B146D8A925A021F491401" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5315.6.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8142492" ID-ZooBank="DCD0C570-9808-4198-9998-BBAFD4764982" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1689237537405" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hernando, Carles" docDate="2023" docId="03CCB051014D4215FF6AC1A247ADFBFC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5315.6.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5315 (6)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5315.6.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Austramastodus apterus Hernando 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="565" masterDocId="FFF5C82901494213FFFDC21F432DFFA5" masterDocTitle="A new flightless genus of Thaumastodinae from Australia (Coleoptera: Limnichidae)" masterLastPageNumber="566" masterPageNumber="559" pageNumber="563" updateTime="1689237937808" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="B065F85BB18421E5337E6F8BB9287D5C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="40EA2420966684E72AD7A928D5279DAC">
|
||
<mods:title id="D7BF8131C67081E2E561A9FA307DAFDF">A new flightless genus of Thaumastodinae from Australia (Coleoptera: Limnichidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="6CF4D345796BEC3C3872B2777423C1E1" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A7A0121AF7153D8AAB67CABEAFB1CD61">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="E0A48A16FFA5D2E885F839B0D0E89C36">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="73A988E51EDACAF75E5AE961D470BB1A">Hernando, Carles</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="16DC8BB8A4BCF1798F743574B39493C9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="AB5544E67A761FA00C99C465020825BD" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="9938F70BACF97A7A7D8978F3C600BB0D">
|
||
<mods:title id="53ED93F2524A03166AAA3D1254276535">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="140EC5E161B3FE4986B96421E03903BD">
|
||
<mods:date id="2DD88A14322FD42ED067A64E0252150F">2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="AC474B7A95C329CE5BAD4366A83197F4" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="02337D0CF3BA21870FB4AF70C90AD281">2023-07-13</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="B4018B4656D8E1178BA647DBB99CE96D" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="D5CA9C981FF8B677B1D3F41F2DAAD11C">5315</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="1B1100E9F0CD76D40DEB410ACB0D47DD" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="FE5C60716D92FD5D68447A30B1FA371A">6</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="3853B285A7F001BB5D618127853B0F7D" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="5736C51F6071D857BE42A6884C6D7254">559</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="C8CDA643CF3610D3D32694DF0183C0AC">566</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="122390804FCF515857C97208BA20F6E2">
|
||
<mods:url id="41AA14291F6C3F992D4AB79D249591C1">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5315.6.3</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="E1AB171D57C1C2A94B3BE7747F811852">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D205ED2774586B136E982D574A634BF7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5315.6.3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="79B03B45FB2F58C662913366ACB3EE8C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B18A907854CE88C38473EAE1F8338484" type="Zenodo-Dep">8142492</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A3539EDF7B460EA65121CF3DBAA0775C" type="ZooBank">DCD0C570-9808-4198-9998-BBAFD4764982</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03CCB051014D4215FF6AC1A247ADFBFC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142490" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8142490" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CCB051014D4215FF6AC1A247ADFBFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CCB051014D4215FF6AC1A247ADFBFC" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="565" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F52CC014D4217FF6AC1A2410CFC7D" box="[151,545,957,984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA0147014D4217FF6AC1A2410CFC7D" blockId="4.[151,545,957,1021]" box="[151,545,957,984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<heading id="D092B62B014D4217FF6AC1A2410CFC7D" bold="true" box="[151,545,957,984]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014D4217FF6AC1A2410CFC7D" bold="true" box="[151,545,957,984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C657AC4014D4217FF6AC1A24291FC7D" authority="Hernando, 2023" authorityName="Hernando" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,444,957,984]" class="Insecta" family="Limnichidae" genus="Austramastodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014D4217FF6AC1A24291FC7D" bold="true" box="[151,444,957,984]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Austramastodus apterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A222602E014D4217FE3EC1A1410CFC7D" box="[451,545,958,984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F52CC014D4217FF6AC1FD420DFC58" box="[151,288,994,1021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA0147014D4217FF6AC1FD420DFC58" blockId="4.[151,545,957,1021]" box="[151,288,994,1021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014D4217FF62C1FD423AFC58" box="[159,279,994,1021]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–7" captionStart-1="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox-0="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetBox-1="[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetId-0="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetId-1="figure-89@3.[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." captionText-1="FIGURES 8–15. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 8. Aedeagus, ventral view. 9. Aedeagus, lateral view. 10. Ninth male genital segment, ventral view. 11. Male sternite VIII. 12. Gonocoxites and gonocoxal struts, ventral view. 13. Spiculum ventral. 14. gonocoxites 15. Spiculum ventral, distal plaque." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142496" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8142496/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Figs. 1–15</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F52CC014D4217FF6AC63546AAFB70" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA0147014D4217FF6AC635474FFBE1" blockId="4.[151,1437,1065,2028]" box="[151,1122,1065,1093]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0D0B1A014D4217FF6AC6354773FBE1" box="[151,1118,1065,1093]" country="Australia" latitude="-22.166666" location="Western Australia" longLatPrecision="1261" longitude="113.98333" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014D4217FF6AC6354214FBE6" bold="true" box="[151,313,1065,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DEBFE5014D4217FF6AC63543FFFBE1" box="[151,210,1066,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Cape Range Peninsula,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE516780014D4217FDB7C6354189FBE1" box="[586,676,1066,1092]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" precision="925" value="-22.166666">22º10’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE516780014D4217FD56C6354038FBE0" box="[683,789,1066,1093]" degrees="113" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" precision="925" value="113.98333">113º59’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A1CFA5014D4217FCDDC63540C6FBE1" box="[800,1003,1066,1092]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37241D7014D4217FC09C6354773FBE1" box="[1012,1118,1066,1092]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA0147014D4217FF3AC65146AAFB70" blockId="4.[151,1437,1065,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014D4217FF3AC6514254FBC2" bold="true" box="[199,377,1101,1128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Type material:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0D0B1A014D4217FE7CC65141FFFB29" collectingDate="1990-05-18" collectingDateMax="1990-06-04" collectingDateMin="1990-05-18" collectionCode="WAM" collectorName="J. M. Waldock" latitude="-22.1" location="Cape" longLatPrecision="756" longitude="113.59" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DEBFE5014D4217FE7CC65142C4FBCD" box="[385,489,1102,1128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
♁ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED749982014D4217FDE5C6514149FBCD" box="[536,612,1102,1128]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
|
||
): “
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE516780014D4217FD7EC65141F6FBCD" box="[643,731,1102,1128]" degrees="22. 10" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" precision="555" value="-22.1">22. 10S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE516780014D4217FD19C6514064FBCC" box="[740,841,1102,1129]" degrees="113. 59" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" precision="555" value="113.59">113. 59E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
WA / N-W
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A1CFA5014D4217FC28C6514722FBCD" box="[981,1039,1102,1128]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Penin. Site / TL-6
|
||
<date id="FFDB2787014D4217FB11C65143CDFB29" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" value="1990-05-18" valueMax="1990-06-04" valueMin="1990-05-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9FDE6F014D4217FB11C65143CDFB29" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" value="1990-05-18" valueMax="1990-06-04" valueMin="1990-05-18">18 May–4 June / 1990</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<collectorName id="26906491014D4217FF14C66D42A2FB29" box="[233,399,1138,1164]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">J. M. Waldock</collectorName>
|
||
/ CR’90 #84 /
|
||
<collectingMethod id="52247950014D4217FDBDC66D41EAFB29" box="[576,711,1138,1164]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">pitfall traps</collectingMethod>
|
||
”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0D0B1A014D4217FD23C66D46AEFB70" collectingDate="1990-05-29" collectingDateMax="1990-06-04" collectingDateMin="1990-05-18" collectionCode="WAM, NMW" collectorName="J. M. Waldock" latitude="-22.1" location="June" longLatPrecision="756" longitude="113.59" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DEBFE5014D4217FD23C66D4062FB29" box="[734,847,1138,1164]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D63CACE014D4217FCA1C66D40A5FB29" box="[860,904,1138,1164]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED749982014D4217FC65C66D40C9FB29" box="[920,996,1138,1164]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
|
||
): same data as holotype; 1 ♁ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED749982014D4217FABFC66D46BCFB29" box="[1346,1425,1138,1164]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">NMW</collectionCode>
|
||
): “
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE516780014D4217FF5EC68943D4FB15" box="[163,249,1174,1200]" degrees="22. 10" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" precision="555" value="-22.1">22. 10S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE516780014D4217FEFDC6894270FB14" box="[256,349,1174,1201]" degrees="113.59" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" precision="555" value="113.59">113.59E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
WA / N-W
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A1CFA5014D4217FE1FC6894131FB15" box="[482,540,1174,1200]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Penin. Site / TL-12 3
|
||
<location id="8EBA579C014D4217FCE9C689406AFB15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CCB051014D4215FF6AC1A247ADFBFC:8EBA579C014D4217FCE9C689406AFB15" box="[788,839,1174,1200]" latitude="-22.1" longLatPrecision="756" longitude="113.59" name="June" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" stateProvince="Western Cape">June</location>
|
||
1990 /
|
||
<collectorName id="26906491014D4217FC61C6894712FB15" box="[924,1087,1174,1200]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">J. M. Waldock</collectorName>
|
||
CR’90 / #72
|
||
<collectingMethod id="52247950014D4217FB2AC6894670FB15" box="[1239,1373,1174,1200]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">pitfall traps</collectingMethod>
|
||
”; 1 ♁ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED749982014D4217FF62C6A543C6FB71" box="[159,235,1210,1236]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
|
||
): “
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE516780014D4217FEF5C6A54272FB71" box="[264,351,1210,1236]" degrees="22. 12" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" precision="555" value="-22.12">22. 12S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE516780014D4217FE9BC6A542EEFB70" box="[358,451,1210,1237]" degrees="113.59" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" precision="555" value="113.59">113.59E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
WA / N-W
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A1CFA5014D4217FDB5C6A541AFFB71" box="[584,642,1210,1236]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Penin.nr. / Cave, C207
|
||
<date id="FFDB2787014D4217FC70C6A54707FB71" box="[909,1066,1210,1236]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" value="1990-05-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9FDE6F014D4217FC70C6A54707FB71" box="[909,1066,1210,1236]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" value="1990-05-29">29May / 1990</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<collectorName id="26906491014D4217FBCCC6A547FEFB71" box="[1073,1235,1210,1236]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">J. M. Waldock</collectorName>
|
||
/ CR’90 #578”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F52CC014D4216FF3AC6C24033FD68" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="564" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA0147014D4217FF3AC6C24234FAE5" blockId="4.[151,1437,1065,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014D4217FF3AC6C24289FB5D" bold="true" box="[199,420,1245,1272]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Description. Body.</emphasis>
|
||
Length:
|
||
<quantity id="4C9DACA2014D4217FDF6C6C14182FB5D" box="[523,687,1246,1273]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.33" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.16" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" unit="mm" value="2.33" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.16">2.16–2.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
(head included), maximum width:
|
||
<quantity id="4C9DACA2014D4217FBC0C6C147C9FB5D" box="[1085,1252,1246,1272]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.16" pageId="4" pageNumber="563" unit="mm" value="1.18" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.16">1.16–1.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body elongate-oval, dorsal surface covered with dense, golden and silvery pubescence composed of short, and recumbent setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014D4217FF62C7394226FAE5" box="[159,267,1318,1344]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA0147014D4217FF3AC7554045FA08" blockId="4.[151,1437,1065,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014D4217FF3AC7554223FAC1" bold="true" box="[199,270,1354,1380]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Punctation granular, very dense, pubescence short and recumbent, distributed radially from the disc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014D4217FA92C7554385FA2D" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); eyes in lateral position, very large and rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014D4217FD14C771407AFA2C" box="[745,855,1390,1417]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Figs. 4–5</figureCitation>
|
||
), widely separated, space between eyes larger than diameter of one eye (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014D4217FE79C78D42E5FA08" box="[388,456,1426,1453]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
); gena with antennal groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014D4217FCEBC78D4076FA08" box="[790,859,1426,1453]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA0147014D4217FF3AC7A947D3F849" blockId="4.[151,1437,1065,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014D4217FF3AC7A9420AFA75" bold="true" box="[199,295,1462,1488]" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum transverse, general shape slightly convex; anterior and posterior margins slightly sinuate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014D4217FF62C7C54226FA51" box="[159,267,1498,1524]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
|
||
); lateral margins slightly curved; anterior angles broadly acute; posterior angles rounded; disc with coarse and somewhat rough punctation, covered with dense and short, regularly recumbent silvery setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014D4217FB06C7E1466FF9BD" box="[1275,1346,1534,1560]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elytra long and narrow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014D4217FEA6C43D42EBF999" box="[347,454,1570,1596]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
); lateral margins finely bordered along their entire length; apex connected to last sternite by an interlocking device; punctation granular and very dense; pubescence generally silvery, but in some areas with golden spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014D4217FECFC475425EF921" box="[306,371,1642,1668]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
); setae short and regulary recumbent posteriad; epipleuron broad at base and slightly impressed to receive femoral tips, extending to apical interlocking device. Hind wings absent. Hypomeron broad and slightly depressed, without suture or carina, covered with short silvery setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014D4217FC5EC4AD473CF968" box="[931,1041,1714,1741]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Figs. 2–5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prosternal process slightly longer than wide, flat and finely bordered laterally; apex somewhat bluntly pointed. Mesoventrite short and transverse, with large anterior depression to receive prosternal process. Metaventrite uniformly convex, projecting posteriorly, covering the metacoxa. Mesocoxae slightly transverse, trochantins exposed. Metacoxae strongly transverse and oblique, subcontiguous; metacoxal plates large and strongly expanded laterally, posterior margins with two pointed projections, partly covering metatrochantins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014D4217FD64C57941F2F825" box="[665,735,1894,1920]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forelegs relatively short and stout, with a few apical spines; tibia clearly shorter than femur (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014D4217FE01C595416DF800" box="[508,576,1930,1957]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Middle legs relatively short and stout, with a few apical spines; tibia as long as femur. Hind legs very long, with a longitudinal row of many strong spurs; tibia much longer than femur (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014D4217FA99C5B143E8F849" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="563">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
). All legs sexually dimorphic, especially protarsus and claws (see below). Tarsal formula 4–4–4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA0147014C4216FF3AC2894713FEB8" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014C4216FF3AC289426EFF15" bold="true" box="[199,323,150,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventrites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014C4216FE3BC2884118FF14" box="[454,565,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Figs. 6–7</figureCitation>
|
||
) covered with short recumbent setae, finely punctate (not very dense and uniform), and covered by a polygonal squamiform reticulation. Intercoxal process of first abdominal ventrite very small; ventrites 1–3 connate, ventrite 1 long; ventrite 2–4 subequal in length; ventrite 5 with elytral-abdominal interlocking device; setation and apex of ventrite 5 sexually dimorphic (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA0147014C4216FF3AC3394033FD68" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014C4216FF3AC3394124FEE4" bold="true" box="[199,521,294,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Sexual dimorphism. Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventrite 5 with a pair of sublateral clusters of about 12 long spiniform setae; posterior margin regularly curved apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014C4216FD6FC35441F7FEC0" box="[658,730,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Protarsi extraordinarily dilated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014C4216FB98C3544783FEC0" box="[1125,1198,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
); claws of the meso and metatarsus asymmetrical. Aedeagus articulated and strongly arched in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014C4216FB84C3704792FE2C" box="[1145,1215,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 8. Aedeagus, ventral view. 9. Aedeagus, lateral view. 10. Ninth male genital segment, ventral view. 11. Male sternite VIII. 12. Gonocoxites and gonocoxal struts, ventral view. 13. Spiculum ventral. 14. gonocoxites 15. Spiculum ventral, distal plaque." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142496/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
), phallobase longer than parameres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014C4216FEACC38C4293FE08" box="[337,446,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 8. Aedeagus, ventral view. 9. Aedeagus, lateral view. 10. Ninth male genital segment, ventral view. 11. Male sternite VIII. 12. Gonocoxites and gonocoxal struts, ventral view. 13. Spiculum ventral. 14. gonocoxites 15. Spiculum ventral, distal plaque." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142496/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Figs. 8–9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Median lobe apically strongly curved ventraly, falciform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014C4216FBA6C38C47E5FE08" box="[1115,1224,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 8. Aedeagus, ventral view. 9. Aedeagus, lateral view. 10. Ninth male genital segment, ventral view. 11. Male sternite VIII. 12. Gonocoxites and gonocoxal struts, ventral view. 13. Spiculum ventral. 14. gonocoxites 15. Spiculum ventral, distal plaque." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142496/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Figs. 8–9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Struts very short, forming a lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014C4216FEB5C3A842A6FE74" box="[328,395,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 8. Aedeagus, ventral view. 9. Aedeagus, lateral view. 10. Ninth male genital segment, ventral view. 11. Male sternite VIII. 12. Gonocoxites and gonocoxal struts, ventral view. 13. Spiculum ventral. 14. gonocoxites 15. Spiculum ventral, distal plaque." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142496/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Parameres slightly longer than median lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014C4216FC70C3A840FDFE74" box="[909,976,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 8. Aedeagus, ventral view. 9. Aedeagus, lateral view. 10. Ninth male genital segment, ventral view. 11. Male sternite VIII. 12. Gonocoxites and gonocoxal struts, ventral view. 13. Spiculum ventral. 14. gonocoxites 15. Spiculum ventral, distal plaque." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142496/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
), apex strongly curved ventrad, falciform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014C4216FF62C3C44220FE50" box="[159,269,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 8. Aedeagus, ventral view. 9. Aedeagus, lateral view. 10. Ninth male genital segment, ventral view. 11. Male sternite VIII. 12. Gonocoxites and gonocoxal struts, ventral view. 13. Spiculum ventral. 14. gonocoxites 15. Spiculum ventral, distal plaque." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142496/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Figs. 8–9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Genital segment IX spatulate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014C4216FD85C3C441E7FE50" box="[632,714,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 8. Aedeagus, ventral view. 9. Aedeagus, lateral view. 10. Ninth male genital segment, ventral view. 11. Male sternite VIII. 12. Gonocoxites and gonocoxal struts, ventral view. 13. Spiculum ventral. 14. gonocoxites 15. Spiculum ventral, distal plaque." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142496/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), wide at base; margins strongly sclerotized; apex membranous; parameres of the genital segment IX long, strongly sclerotized and slightly curved, longer than lamina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014C4216FAC7C3E046A2FDBC" box="[1338,1423,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 8. Aedeagus, ventral view. 9. Aedeagus, lateral view. 10. Ninth male genital segment, ventral view. 11. Male sternite VIII. 12. Gonocoxites and gonocoxal struts, ventral view. 13. Spiculum ventral. 14. gonocoxites 15. Spiculum ventral, distal plaque." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142496/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sternite VIII arched (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014C4216FE7EC03C42FEFD98" box="[387,467,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 8. Aedeagus, ventral view. 9. Aedeagus, lateral view. 10. Ninth male genital segment, ventral view. 11. Male sternite VIII. 12. Gonocoxites and gonocoxal struts, ventral view. 13. Spiculum ventral. 14. gonocoxites 15. Spiculum ventral, distal plaque." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142496/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014C4216FE1AC03C4168FD98" bold="true" box="[487,581,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Sublateral clusters of ventrite 5 with only one long spiniform seta, remaining setae much shorter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014C4216FE80C05842EEFDC4" box="[381,451,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
); posterior margin acuminate apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014C4216FC79C05840E7FDC4" box="[900,970,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,232,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[183,1405,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, ventral view. 3. Male habitus, lateral view. 4. Head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. 5. Head, fronto-lateral view and male fore tarsi. 6. Male last abdominal sternite. 7. Female last abdominal sternite. The arrow points to the only two large lateral spiniform setae on the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142494/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Protarsi not modified, claws of all legs symmetrical. Ovipositor as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014C4216FE0AC0744166FD20" box="[503,587,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 8. Aedeagus, ventral view. 9. Aedeagus, lateral view. 10. Ninth male genital segment, ventral view. 11. Male sternite VIII. 12. Gonocoxites and gonocoxal struts, ventral view. 13. Spiculum ventral. 14. gonocoxites 15. Spiculum ventral, distal plaque." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142496/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
, gonocoxal struts very long, ten times as long as gonocoxites, which are strongly acuminate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014C4216FE82C0904127FD0C" box="[383,522,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 8. Aedeagus, ventral view. 9. Aedeagus, lateral view. 10. Ninth male genital segment, ventral view. 11. Male sternite VIII. 12. Gonocoxites and gonocoxal struts, ventral view. 13. Spiculum ventral. 14. gonocoxites 15. Spiculum ventral, distal plaque." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142496/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Figs. 12–14</figureCitation>
|
||
); apex of gonocoxal struts articulate. Spiculum ventrale with a long manubrium, distal part with two long lateral expansions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014C4216FD74C0AC403CFD68" box="[649,785,690,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[183,1405,345,1897]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Austramastodus apterus sp. nov. 8. Aedeagus, ventral view. 9. Aedeagus, lateral view. 10. Ninth male genital segment, ventral view. 11. Male sternite VIII. 12. Gonocoxites and gonocoxal struts, ventral view. 13. Spiculum ventral. 14. gonocoxites 15. Spiculum ventral, distal plaque." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142496/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Figs. 13–15</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F52CC014C4216FF3AC0C942CBFCB0" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA0147014C4216FF3AC0C942CBFCB0" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014C4216FF3AC0C9424CFD55" bold="true" box="[199,353,726,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
So far known only from two very close localities in the central part of the Cape Range Peninsula,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37241D7014C4216FF6AC0E443D3FCB0" box="[151,254,763,789]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A1CFA5014C4216FEF1C0E442F6FCB0" box="[268,475,763,789]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F52CC014C4216FF3AC1004240FCF8" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA0147014C4216FF3AC1004240FCF8" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014C4216FF3AC1004263FC9C" bold="true" box="[199,334,799,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The epithet, a Latin adjective, means “wingless” and refers to the fact that all specimens collected so far are apterous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F52CC014C4215FF3AC17947ADFBFC" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="565" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA0147014C4216FF3AC179473CFC48" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014C4216FF3AC1794102FC25" bold="true" box="[199,559,870,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Biology and notes on apterism.</emphasis>
|
||
According to the data provided by the collector, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DEBFE5014C4216FB94C17847E6FC24" box="[1129,1227,871,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D63CACE014C4216FB00C17846B1FC24" box="[1277,1436,871,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">four paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
were captured with pitfall traps placed in the soil near the entrance of a cave (“C-63”) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E1DC2014C4216FB96C1944790FC00" box="[1131,1213,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,1029,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-380@5.[177,1411,1029,1775]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 16. Habitat in the area surrounding the entrance to Cave C-63. The person in the photograph is Dr. William (Bill) Humphreys. (Photograph by R. D. (Darren) Brooks)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142498/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D63CACE014C4216FAFEC19446B1FC00" box="[1283,1436,907,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
was found under stones in the leaf litter of trees (probably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C657AC4014C4216FCCAC1B0409EFC6C" box="[823,947,943,969]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014C4216FCCAC1B0409EFC6C" box="[823,947,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C657AC4014C4216FC21C1B04761FC6C" box="[988,1100,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Corymbia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014C4216FC21C1B04761FC6C" box="[988,1100,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Corymbia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) near the entrance of another cave (“C-207”, known as “Two Hundred Cave”) (J. M. Waldock, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1A51CF014C4216FF6AC519419DF8E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142498" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8142498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142498/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" startId="5.[151,250,1798,1822]" targetBox="[177,1411,1029,1775]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA0147014C4216FF6AC519419DF8E7" blockId="5.[151,1436,1798,1858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014C4216FF6AC519420FF8BB" bold="true" box="[151,290,1798,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat in the area surrounding the entrance to Cave C-63. The person in the photograph is Dr. William (Bill) Humphreys. (Photograph by R. D. (Darren) Brooks).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA0147014C4216FF3AC58B4652F852" blockId="5.[151,1436,1940,2039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A1CFA5014C4216FF01C58B421BF80B" box="[252,310,1940,1966]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="5" pageNumber="564">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Range Peninsula is an extremely hot and arid region with maximum temperatures of up to 47º C. From 1976 to 1996 the average rainfall was
|
||
<quantity id="4C9DACA2014C4216FD7DC5A741F1F876" box="[640,732,1976,2003]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.34" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" unit="mm" value="234.0">234 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF47CB6014C4216FD14C5A747EEF877" author="Environmental Protection Authority" box="[745,1219,1976,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref4704" refString="Environmental Protection Authority (1999) Environmental protection of Cape Range Province. Position Statement nº. 1. Environmental Protection Authority report, December 1999, i - iv + 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1999">Environmental Protection Authority, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The two localities are far from the coast (circa
|
||
<quantity id="4C9DACA2014C4216FE29C5C34133F853" box="[468,542,2012,2038]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="564" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
|
||
), and there seem to be no permanent aquatic habitats in the surrounding area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA0147014F4215FF3AC2884275FF70" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
Therefore, we must assume that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C657AC4014F4215FD8EC28840BDFF15" authorityName="Hernando" authorityYear="2023" box="[627,912,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Limnichidae" genus="Austramastodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014F4215FD8EC28840BDFF15" box="[627,912,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Austramastodus apterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the first known terrestrial species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C657AC4014F4215FF6AC2A44279FF70" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,340,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="563" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thaumastodinae">Thaumastodinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA0147014F4215FF3AC2C04192FE50" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
Perhaps, one of the most relevant peculiarities of the new genus is its apterism, an unusual feature among the largely riparian (paraquatic)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C657AC4014F4215FE21C31C4147FEB8" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1846" box="[476,618,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Limnichidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limnichidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually inhabiting inland water margins and coastal marine habitats. So far, apterism in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C657AC4014F4215FEB5C33842FBFEE4" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1846" box="[328,470,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Limnichidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limnichidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only for a few humicolous species of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C657AC4014F4215FB6DC3384633FEE4" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1846" box="[1168,1310,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Limnichidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Limnichinae">Limnichinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF47CB6014F4215FAD1C338427FFEC0" author="Hernando, C. & Ribera, I." pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="25 - 29" refId="ref4823" refString="Hernando, C. & Ribera, I. (2003 b) Phalacrichus semicaecus sp. nov., the first micropterous and microphthalmic forest-litter species of Limnichidae (Coleoptera). Entomological Problems, 33 (1 - 2), 25 - 29." type="journal article" year="2003">Hernando & Ribera, 2003b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–c) and for the intertidal and highly specialised genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C657AC4014F4215FC57C354479FFEC0" authority="(Hyphalinae)" baseAuthorityName="Hyphalinae" box="[938,1202,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Limnichidae" genus="Hyphalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014F4215FC57C3544738FEC0" box="[938,1045,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Hyphalus</emphasis>
|
||
(Hyphalinae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which lives on coral rocks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF47CB6014F4215FF19C3704120FE2C" author="Hernando, C. & Ribera, I." box="[228,525,367,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="243 - 252" refId="ref5009" refString="Hernando, C. & Ribera, I. (2020) A new species of Hyphalus Britton, 1971 from the Mascarene Islands (Indian Ocean) (Coleoptera: Limnichidae: Hyphalinae). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 90, 243 - 252." type="journal article" year="2020">Hernando & Ribera 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF47CB6014F4215FD6EC370401FFE2C" author="Doyen, J. T." box="[659,818,367,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="497 - 519" refId="ref4661" refString="Doyen, J. T. (1976) Marine beetles (Coleoptera excluding Staphylinidae). In: Cheng, L. (Ed.), Marine insects. North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, pp. 497 - 519." type="book chapter" year="1976">Doyen (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
states that all limnichids living in marine habitats are flightless, this is not true for the intertidal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C657AC4014F4215FD99C38C400CFE08" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1924" box="[612,801,403,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="563" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thaumastodinae">Thaumastodinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The flight ability of some species has been reported from direct observations and can be deduced from the fact that specimens are often collected with light traps (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF47CB6014F4215FAC0C3A843FFFE50" author="Spilman, T. J." pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="123 - 125" refId="ref5395" refString="Spilman, T. J. (1966) A new species of Martinius from Cuba (Coleoptera: Limnichidae). The Coleopterist's Bulletin, 20 (4), 123 - 125" type="journal article" year="1966">Spilman 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF47CB6014F4215FF20C3C442DFFE50" author="Yoshitomi, H. & Putra, N. S." box="[221,498,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="143 - 150" refId="ref5509" refString="Yoshitomi, H. & Putra, N. S. (2010) Two new species of the genus Pseudeucinetus Heller from Indonesia and the Salomon Islands (Coleoptera: Limnichidae: Thaumastodinae). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 80, 143 - 150." type="journal article" year="2010">Yoshitomi & Putra 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF47CB6014F4215FE01C3C4419EFE50" author="Yoshitomi, H." box="[508,691,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref5459" refString="Yoshitomi, H. (2019) Review of the Asian Thaumastodinae (Coleoptera, Byrrrhoidea, Limnichidae), with a phylogeny of the genera. European Journal of Taxonomy, 583, 1 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2019.583" type="journal article" year="2019">Yoshitomi 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA0147014F4215FF3AC3E047ADFBFC" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">
|
||
Some hypotheses can be discussed for the absence of wings in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C657AC4014F4215FC7FC3E047BCFDBD" authorityName="Hernando" authorityYear="2023" box="[898,1169,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Limnichidae" genus="Austramastodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014F4215FC7FC3E047BCFDBD" box="[898,1169,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Austramastodus apterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The apterism might, as in other groups of beetles, be an adaptation related to the extremely arid habitat (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF47CB6014F4215FBECC03C47CEFD98" author="Chown, S. L. & Pistorius, P. & Scholtz, C. H." box="[1041,1251,547,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="1123 - 1133" refId="ref4594" refString="Chown, S. L., Pistorius, P. & Scholtz, C. H. (1998) Morphological correlates of flightlessness in southern African Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): testing a condition of the water-conservation hypothesis. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76, 1123 - 1133. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 98 - 036" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Chown
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014F4215FB97C03C47B7FD98" box="[1130,1178,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The absence of wings in beetles living in very arid environment is assumed to have evolved in response to reduced environmental heterogeneity or directly to reduce body water loss. Additionally, it could be related to the apparent absence of permanent aquatic habitats in the area, since, as noted above, all other known genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C657AC4014F4215FB94C090460FFD0C" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1924" box="[1129,1314,655,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="563" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thaumastodinae">Thaumastodinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are able to fly and are closely associated with aquatic habitats, whether freshwater habitats, such as wetlands, waterfalls, rivers and streams (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF47CB6014F4215FED3C0C842CAFD54" author="Yoshitomi, H." box="[302,487,727,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref5459" refString="Yoshitomi, H. (2019) Review of the Asian Thaumastodinae (Coleoptera, Byrrrhoidea, Limnichidae), with a phylogeny of the genera. European Journal of Taxonomy, 583, 1 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2019.583" type="journal article" year="2019">Yoshitomi 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or intertidal habitats such as mangroves, coral reefs, dogtooth limestone (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF47CB6014F4215FAC0C0C843FFFCB0" author="Spilman, T. J." pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="123 - 125" refId="ref5395" refString="Spilman, T. J. (1966) A new species of Martinius from Cuba (Coleoptera: Limnichidae). The Coleopterist's Bulletin, 20 (4), 123 - 125" type="journal article" year="1966">Spilman 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF47CB6014F4215FF20C0E442BEFCB0" author="Yoshitomi, H." box="[221,403,763,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref5459" refString="Yoshitomi, H. (2019) Review of the Asian Thaumastodinae (Coleoptera, Byrrrhoidea, Limnichidae), with a phylogeny of the genera. European Journal of Taxonomy, 583, 1 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2019.583" type="journal article" year="2019">Yoshitomi 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF47CB6014F4215FE5DC0E44163FCB0" author="Liu, Z. - H. & Jia, F. - L." box="[416,590,763,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="909 - 920" refId="ref5094" refString="Liu, Z. - H. & Jia, F. - L. (2021) Descriptions of two new species of Mexico Spilman, 1972 from the Oriental region (Coleoptera: Limnichidae). Journal of Natural History, 55 (13 - 14), 909 - 920. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2021.1931516" type="journal article" year="2021">Liu & Jia 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), or rockpools at seashores (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF47CB6014F4215FC70C0E4472EFCB0" author="Sato, M." box="[909,1027,763,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="173 - 177" refId="ref5260" refString="Sato, M. (1994) Notes on the genus Pseudeucinetus Heller and its new relative (Coleoptera, Limnichidae). Special Bulletin of the Essa Entomological Society, 2, 173 - 177." type="journal article" year="1994">Satô 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All these habitats have in common a certain instability due to the possibility of sudden water level fluctuations, for instance by unpredictable flash floods in lotic habitats or by storms in coastal areas. Indeed, macroptery appears to be prevalent as a means of escape in certain groups of riparian beetles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF47CB6014F4215FD76C17840EBFC24" author="Ramey, T. L. & Richardson, J. S." box="[651,966,871,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="808 - 819" refId="ref5207" refString="Ramey, T. L. & Richardson, J. S. (2017) Terrestrial invertebrates in the riparian zone: Mechanisms underlying their unique diversity. BioScience, 67 (9), 808 - 819. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / biosci / bix 078" type="journal article" year="2017">Ramey & Richardson 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). For example, around 83% of the British terrestrial beetles, which are more or less restricted to wetland habitats, are consistently macropterous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF47CB6014F4215FAEBC19446BDFC00" author="Lott, D. A." box="[1302,1424,907,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref5158" refString="Lott, D. A. (2003) An annotated list of wetland ground beetles (Carabidae) and rove beetles (Staphylinidae) found in the British Isles including a literature review of their ecology. English Nature Research Reports, 488, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="2003">Lott, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a hypothesis supported by the tendency in some species with wing dimorphism for macropterous specimens to predominate in frequently flooded habitats and brachypterous ones in more stable habitats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF47CB6014F4215FB4BC1CC46BCFC48" author="Adis, J. P. & Junk, W. J." box="[1206,1425,979,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" pagination="711 - 731" refId="ref4537" refString="Adis, J. P. & Junk, W. J. (2002) Terrestrial invertebrates inhabiting lowland river floodplains of Central Amazonia and Central Europe: a review. Freshwater Biology, 47, 711 - 731. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2427.2002.00892. x" type="journal article" year="2002">Adis & Junk 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Assuming that the newly described species lives in leaf litter or soil and is not associated with any aquatic habitat and therefore not subject to unpredictable instability, might explain its apterism. In any case, further studies will be necessary to determine the habitat requirements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C657AC4014F4215FD2EC62040CFFBFD" authorityName="Hernando" authorityYear="2023" box="[723,994,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Limnichidae" genus="Austramastodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911DD55014F4215FD2EC62040CFFBFD" box="[723,994,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="565">Austramastodus apterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
satisfactorily.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |