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<document id="5EDB9DDE155887D44D6493090ADB6F32" ID-CLB-Dataset="7139" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4963.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="049b6936-13d8-42d6-9468-2019ddf78d14" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4700704" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1618839122537" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Roux, Michel, Martinez, Alain &amp; Vizcaïno, Daniel" docDate="2021" docId="038187A7FFB0FFF736A9FF3F3969F873" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4963.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4963 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Holopus plaziati Roux &amp; Martinez &amp; Vizcaïno 2021, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="233" masterDocId="FFB8FFDFFF90FFD7363EFFA83835FF91" masterDocTitle="A diverse crinoid fauna (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) from the Lower Eocene of the Gulf of Languedoc (Corbières, Aude, southern France)" masterLastPageNumber="242" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="233" updateTime="1698937187163" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="11CBDEF5DDD720F1CA3D94708418A6A8">A diverse crinoid fauna (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) from the Lower Eocene of the Gulf of Languedoc (Corbières, Aude, southern France)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F5D470F6BF60BC3D7D0070D901CEF237">Roux, Michel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="01336F6EC1853C19F41B807E858F074F">Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, UMR 7205 ISYEB MNHN-CNRS-UPMC-EPHE, Département Systématique et Évolution, CP 51, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4A0B991BAD592EF895C15970C3154BB9">Martinez, Alain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3D9A0A8CEFDD595C50A0D4E4D393E137">Chemin de Saint Estève, 11200 Lézignan-Corbières. France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A1F47C9F3A59E269DB91BAE4C369897E">Vizcaïno, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3C2FB6E4452725AF24593D81E8660A16">7 rue J. - B. Chardin Maquens, 11000 Carcassonne, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="75EA00560FC75A21B282AE79B0375E45">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C5F2F414AD1CCEAB7282F0312886E069">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038187A7FFB0FFF736A9FF3F3969F873" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700750" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181760257" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4700750" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038187A7FFB0FFF736A9FF3F3969F873" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038187A7FFB0FFF736A9FF3F3969F873" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<subSubSection id="C332653AFFB0FFF736A9FF3F3992FF20" box="[151,423,151,178]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FFB0FFF736A9FF3F3992FF20" blockId="32.[151,423,151,213]" box="[151,423,151,178]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<heading id="D0DF81DDFFB0FFF736A9FF3F3992FF20" bold="true" box="[151,423,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF736A9FF3F3992FF20" bold="true" box="[151,423,151,178]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FFB0FFF736A9FF3F3968FF23" authority="Roux &amp; Martinez &amp; Vizcaïno, 2021" authorityName="Roux &amp; Martinez &amp; Vizcaïno" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,349,151,178]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="plaziati" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF736A9FF3F3968FF23" bold="true" box="[151,349,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Holopus plaziati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F57D8FFB0FFF7375BFF3F3992FF20" box="[357,423,151,177]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C332653AFFB0FFF736A9FF1338D2FF44" box="[151,231,187,213]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FFB0FFF736A9FF1338D2FF44" blockId="32.[151,423,151,213]" box="[151,231,187,213]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<figureCitation id="13132A34FFB0FFF736A9FF1338D2FF44" box="[151,231,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Brachials of type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82016).A–L: IBr1ax, M–O: proximal IIBr, A: aboral view of syntype 1; B: adoral view of syntype 2, C: lateral adoral view of syntype 6; D–F: syntype 3, D: distal view, E: adoral view, F: aboral view; G: detail of distal muscular synarthry of syntype 4 (il: inner ligament, m: muscular area, ol: outer ligament); H–I: syntype 5, H: aboral view, I: proximal view; J: detail of distal muscular synarthry of B, adoral view; K–L: syntype 7, K: lateral-adoral view, L: detail of lateral crenulations; M–O: syntype 8; M: lateral-proximal view; N: distal-adoral view, N: lateral-proximal view, O: lateral-distal view. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except for G, J and L, where it equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700766/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332653AFFB0FFF736A9FEAB3D67FE8C" box="[151,1362,259,286]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FFB0FFF736A9FEAB3D67FE8C" blockId="32.[151,1437,259,502]" box="[151,1362,259,286]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF736A9FEAB3970FE8C" bold="true" box="[151,325,259,285]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CECFFB0FFF73775FEAB3D78FE8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3095320310" accessionNumber="A82016" box="[331,1357,259,286]" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
The type series consists of 8 brachials, all figured as
<typeStatus id="54938813FFB0FFF735A5FEAC3BC8FE8F" box="[923,1021,260,286]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED39AE74FFB0FFF73232FEAB3C52FE8F" box="[1036,1127,259,286]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.
<accessionNumber id="947BAB52FFB0FFF73243FEAB3CEFFE8F" box="[1149,1242,259,286]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A82016" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" type="EnaNcbi">A82016</accessionNumber>
) (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FFB0FFF732CFFEAB3D71FE8C" box="[1265,1348,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Brachials of type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82016).A–L: IBr1ax, M–O: proximal IIBr, A: aboral view of syntype 1; B: adoral view of syntype 2, C: lateral adoral view of syntype 6; D–F: syntype 3, D: distal view, E: adoral view, F: aboral view; G: detail of distal muscular synarthry of syntype 4 (il: inner ligament, m: muscular area, ol: outer ligament); H–I: syntype 5, H: aboral view, I: proximal view; J: detail of distal muscular synarthry of B, adoral view; K–L: syntype 7, K: lateral-adoral view, L: detail of lateral crenulations; M–O: syntype 8; M: lateral-proximal view; N: distal-adoral view, N: lateral-proximal view, O: lateral-distal view. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except for G, J and L, where it equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700766/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332653AFFB0FFF736F9FE8F3C86FEF4" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FFB0FFF736F9FE8F3C86FEF4" blockId="32.[151,1437,259,502]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF736F9FE8F397BFED0" bold="true" box="[199,334,295,321]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is dedicated to Jean-Claude Plaziat, author of many works on the Ilerdian in Corbières, who gave us the benefit of his knowledge of the field, especially concerning the site of Réqui.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332653AFFB0FFF736F9FEC73C3EFE18" box="[199,1035,367,394]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FFB0FFF736F9FEC73C3EFE18" blockId="32.[151,1437,259,502]" box="[199,1035,367,394]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF736F9FEC73977FE18" bold="true" box="[199,322,367,393]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
As description of the brachial
<typeStatus id="54938813FFB0FFF734A7FED83AFCFE1B" box="[665,713,368,394]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">type</typeStatus>
series; aboral cup unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332653AFFB0FFF736F9FE3B3B62FE67" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FFB0FFF736F9FE3B3902FE40" blockId="32.[151,1437,259,502]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF736F9FE3B395DFE3C" bold="true" box="[199,360,403,429]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<typeStatus id="54938813FFB0FFF736F9FE3B3937FE3C" box="[199,258,403,429]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Type</typeStatus>
stratum
</emphasis>
. Base of blue marls of the middle Ilerdian above
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FFB0FFF735ACFE3B3C29FE3C" authorityName="H.Douville" authorityYear="1924" box="[914,1052,403,429]" class="Globothalamea" family="Acervulinidae" genus="Solenomeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rotaliida" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF735ACFE3B3C29FE3C" box="[914,1052,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Solenomeris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
limestones, late NP10, but maybe already NP11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FFB0FFF736F9FE733B62FE67" blockId="32.[151,1437,259,502]" box="[199,855,475,502]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<materialsCitation id="3B403CECFFB0FFF736F9FE733B66FE67" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3095320303" box="[199,851,475,502]" county="Aude" location="Requi" municipality="Val de Dagne" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF736F9FE733953FE64" bold="true" box="[199,358,475,501]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<typeStatus id="54938813FFB0FFF736F9FE733937FE64" box="[199,258,475,501]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EF7606AFFB0FFF73752FE73399AFE64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038187A7FFB0FFF736A9FF3F3969F873:8EF7606AFFB0FFF73752FE73399AFE64" box="[364,431,475,501]" county="Aude" municipality="Val de Dagne" name="Requi" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Réqui</location>
near
<location id="8EF7606AFFB0FFF737D3FE733A60FE64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038187A7FFB0FFF736A9FF3F3969F873:8EF7606AFFB0FFF737D3FE733A60FE64" box="[493,597,475,501]" county="Aude" municipality="Val de Dagne" name="Montlaur" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Montlaur</location>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF3ACCBFFB0FFF7345AFE733B35FE67" box="[612,768,475,502]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Val de Dagne</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62F64E3DFFB0FFF73537FE733B7EFE67" box="[777,843,475,502]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Aude</collectingCounty>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF576639FFB0FFF736A9FD8D3C1BFDF0" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" startId="32.[151,239,549,573]">
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FFB0FFF736A9FD8D3C1BFDF0" blockId="32.[151,1436,549,609]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF736A9FD8D3922FDAC" bold="true" box="[151,279,549,573]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">TABLE 18.</emphasis>
Quantitative characters of brachials in the type series of
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FFB0FFF7354FFD8D3C17FDAC" authority="Roux &amp; Martinez &amp; Vizcaïno, 2021" authorityName="Roux &amp; Martinez &amp; Vizcaïno" authorityYear="2021" box="[881,1058,549,573]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="plaziati" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF7354FFD8D3C17FDAC" box="[881,1058,549,573]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Holopus plaziati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF73216FD8D3C51FDAC" bold="true" box="[1064,1124,549,573]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F57D8FFB0FFF73216FD8D3C51FDAC" box="[1064,1124,549,573]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Wp used as growth index for IBr1. For abbreviations see Fig. 2 and Tables 4 and 9. Values in mm, except for ratios.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FFB0FFF73698FDD93D40FC5A" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<table id="F928C411FFB000283698FDD93D4BFC5A" box="[166,1406,625,971]" gridcols="9" gridrows="9" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<tr id="351834F3FFB000283698FDD93D4BFD18" box="[166,1406,625,649]" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76C95D8FFFB000283698FDD938CCFD18" box="[166,249,625,649]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Syntype</th>
<th id="76C95D8FFFB00028376EFDD939ABFD18" box="[336,414,625,649]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Figure</th>
<th id="76C95D8FFFB0002837CEFDD93A4EFD18" box="[496,635,625,649]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Place in arm</th>
<th id="76C95D8FFFB0002834EAFDD93B35FD18" box="[724,768,625,649]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Wd</th>
<th id="76C95D8FFFB00028356CFDD93B4BFD18" box="[850,894,625,649]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Wp</th>
<th id="76C95D8FFFB0002835EFFDD93BC8FD18" box="[977,1021,625,649]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">H</th>
<th id="76C95D8FFFB00028327BFDD93C47FD18" box="[1093,1138,625,649]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Wm</th>
<th id="76C95D8FFFB00028328DFDD93D36FD18" box="[1203,1283,625,649]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Wd/Wp</th>
<th id="76C95D8FFFB00028337DFDD93D4BFD18" box="[1347,1406,625,649]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">H/W’</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351834F3FFB000283698FD313D4BFD20" box="[166,1406,665,689]" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76C95D8FFFB000283698FD3138CCFD20" box="[166,249,665,689]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">8</th>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028376EFD3139ABFD20" box="[336,414,665,689]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">17M–O</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002837CEFD313A4EFD20" box="[496,635,665,689]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">IIBr proximal</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002834EAFD313B35FD20" box="[724,768,665,689]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.82</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028356CFD313B4BFD20" box="[850,894,665,689]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.91</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002835EFFD313BC8FD20" box="[977,1021,665,689]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.59</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028327BFD313C47FD20" box="[1093,1138,665,689]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">-</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028328DFD313D36FD20" box="[1203,1283,665,689]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">0.95</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028337DFD313D4BFD20" box="[1347,1406,665,689]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">0.83</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351834F3FFB000283698FD693D4BFD4B" box="[166,1406,705,730]" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76C95D8FFFB000283698FD6938CCFD4B" box="[166,249,705,730]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">7</th>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028376EFD6939ABFD4B" box="[336,414,705,730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">17K–L</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002837CEFD693A4EFD4B" box="[496,635,705,730]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">IBr1 bivium</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002834EAFD693B35FD4B" box="[724,768,705,730]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">2.17</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028356CFD693B4BFD4B" box="[850,894,705,730]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.42</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002835EFFD693BC8FD4B" box="[977,1021,705,730]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.68</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028327BFD693C47FD4B" box="[1093,1138,705,730]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.13</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028328DFD693D36FD4B" box="[1203,1283,705,730]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.53</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028337DFD693D4BFD4B" box="[1347,1406,705,730]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">0.77</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351834F3FFB000283698FD423D4BFC93" box="[166,1406,746,770]" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76C95D8FFFB000283698FD4238CCFC93" box="[166,249,746,770]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">2</th>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028376EFD4239ABFC93" box="[336,414,746,770]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">17B, J</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002837CEFD423A4EFC93" box="[496,635,746,770]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">IBr1 trivium</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002834EAFD423B35FC93" box="[724,768,746,770]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">2.87</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028356CFD423B4BFC93" box="[850,894,746,770]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.91</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002835EFFD423BC8FC93" box="[977,1021,746,770]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">2.26</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028327BFD423C47FC93" box="[1093,1138,746,770]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.52</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028328DFD423D36FC93" box="[1203,1283,746,770]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.50</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028337DFD423D4BFC93" box="[1347,1406,746,770]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">0.79</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351834F3FFB000283698FCBA3D4BFCBB" box="[166,1406,786,810]" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76C95D8FFFB000283698FCBA38CCFCBB" box="[166,249,786,810]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">6</th>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028376EFCBA39ABFCBB" box="[336,414,786,810]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">17C</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002837CEFCBA3A4EFCBB" box="[496,635,786,810]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">IBr1 trivium</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002834EAFCBA3B35FCBB" box="[724,768,786,810]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">2.80</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028356CFCBA3B4BFCBB" box="[850,894,786,810]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.98</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002835EFFCBA3BC8FCBB" box="[977,1021,786,810]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">2.03</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028327BFCBA3C47FCBB" box="[1093,1138,786,810]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.67</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028328DFCBA3D36FCBB" box="[1203,1283,786,810]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.41</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028337DFCBA3D4BFCBB" box="[1347,1406,786,810]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">0.72</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351834F3FFB000283698FC923D4BFCC3" box="[166,1406,826,850]" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76C95D8FFFB000283698FC9238CCFCC3" box="[166,249,826,850]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">4</th>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028376EFC9239ABFCC3" box="[336,414,826,850]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">17G</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002837CEFC923A4EFCC3" box="[496,635,826,850]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">IBr1 trivium</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002834EAFC923B35FCC3" box="[724,768,826,850]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">3.06</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028356CFC923B4BFCC3" box="[850,894,826,850]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">2.06</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002835EFFC923BC8FCC3" box="[977,1021,826,850]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">2.37</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028327BFC923C47FCC3" box="[1093,1138,826,850]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.75</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028328DFC923D36FCC3" box="[1203,1283,826,850]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.48</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028337DFC923D4BFCC3" box="[1347,1406,826,850]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">0.77</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351834F3FFB000283698FCCA3D4BFCEA" box="[166,1406,866,891]" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76C95D8FFFB000283698FCCA38CCFCEA" box="[166,249,866,891]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">5</th>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028376EFCCA39ABFCEA" box="[336,414,866,891]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">17H–I</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002837CEFCCA3A4EFCEA" box="[496,635,866,891]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">IBr1 bivium</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002834EAFCCA3B35FCEA" box="[724,768,866,891]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">3.15</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028356CFCCA3B4BFCEA" box="[850,894,866,891]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">2.09</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002835EFFCCA3BC8FCEA" box="[977,1021,866,891]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">2.15</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028327BFCCA3C47FCEA" box="[1093,1138,866,891]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.65</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028328DFCCA3D36FCEA" box="[1203,1283,866,891]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.51</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028337DFCCA3D4BFCEA" box="[1347,1406,866,891]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">0.68</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351834F3FFB000283698FC233D4BFC32" box="[166,1406,907,931]" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76C95D8FFFB000283698FC2338CCFC32" box="[166,249,907,931]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">3</th>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028376EFC2339ABFC32" box="[336,414,907,931]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">17D–F</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002837CEFC233A4EFC32" box="[496,635,907,931]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">IBr1 trivium</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002834EAFC233B35FC32" box="[724,768,907,931]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">3.09</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028356CFC233B4BFC32" box="[850,894,907,931]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">2.13</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002835EFFC233BC8FC32" box="[977,1021,907,931]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">2.21</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028327BFC233C47FC32" box="[1093,1138,907,931]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.74</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028328DFC233D36FC32" box="[1203,1283,907,931]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.45</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028337DFC233D4BFC32" box="[1347,1406,907,931]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">0.71</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351834F3FFB000283698FC1B3D4BFC5A" box="[166,1406,947,971]" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76C95D8FFFB000283698FC1B38CCFC5A" box="[166,249,947,971]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1</th>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028376EFC1B39ABFC5A" box="[336,414,947,971]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">17A</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002837CEFC1B3A4EFC5A" box="[496,635,947,971]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">IBr1 trivium</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002834EAFC1B3B35FC5A" box="[724,768,947,971]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">4.08</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028356CFC1B3B4BFC5A" box="[850,894,947,971]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">2.92</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB0002835EFFC1B3BC8FC5A" box="[977,1021,947,971]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">3.00</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028327BFC1B3C47FC5A" box="[1093,1138,947,971]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">2.23</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028328DFC1B3D36FC5A" box="[1203,1283,947,971]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">1.40</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFFB00028337DFC1B3D4BFC5A" box="[1347,1406,947,971]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">0.73</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C332653AFFB0FFF736F9FC523BC4F99C" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FFB0FFF736F9FC523BC4F99C" blockId="32.[151,1437,1018,2018]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF736F9FC523A34FB85" bold="true" box="[199,513,1018,1045]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
Description of
<typeStatus id="54938813FFB0FFF73745FC53399BFB84" box="[379,430,1019,1045]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">type</typeStatus>
series.
</emphasis>
Quantitative characters of brachials of
<typeStatus id="54938813FFB0FFF735F8FC533BC3FB84" box="[966,1014,1019,1045]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">type</typeStatus>
series given in
<tableCitation id="C6AA030AFFB0FFF73293FC533D26FB84" box="[1197,1299,1019,1045]" captionStart="TABLE 18" captionStartId="32.[151,239,549,573]" captionText="TABLE 18. Quantitative characters of brachials in the type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. Wp used as growth index for IBr1. For abbreviations see Fig. 2 and Tables 4 and 9. Values in mm, except for ratios." pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Table 18</tableCitation>
. Pentagonal axillary primibrachial (IBr1ax), external surface covered with coarse granulation, straight (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FFB0FFF73296FBB73D25FBA8" box="[1192,1296,1055,1081]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Brachials of type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82016).A–L: IBr1ax, M–O: proximal IIBr, A: aboral view of syntype 1; B: adoral view of syntype 2, C: lateral adoral view of syntype 6; D–F: syntype 3, D: distal view, E: adoral view, F: aboral view; G: detail of distal muscular synarthry of syntype 4 (il: inner ligament, m: muscular area, ol: outer ligament); H–I: syntype 5, H: aboral view, I: proximal view; J: detail of distal muscular synarthry of B, adoral view; K–L: syntype 7, K: lateral-adoral view, L: detail of lateral crenulations; M–O: syntype 8; M: lateral-proximal view; N: distal-adoral view, N: lateral-proximal view, O: lateral-distal view. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except for G, J and L, where it equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700766/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
) to concave (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FFB0FFF7369EFBEB3937FBCC" box="[160,258,1091,1117]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Brachials of type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82016).A–L: IBr1ax, M–O: proximal IIBr, A: aboral view of syntype 1; B: adoral view of syntype 2, C: lateral adoral view of syntype 6; D–F: syntype 3, D: distal view, E: adoral view, F: aboral view; G: detail of distal muscular synarthry of syntype 4 (il: inner ligament, m: muscular area, ol: outer ligament); H–I: syntype 5, H: aboral view, I: proximal view; J: detail of distal muscular synarthry of B, adoral view; K–L: syntype 7, K: lateral-adoral view, L: detail of lateral crenulations; M–O: syntype 8; M: lateral-proximal view; N: distal-adoral view, N: lateral-proximal view, O: lateral-distal view. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except for G, J and L, where it equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700766/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 17F</figureCitation>
) lateral borders; internal face with Y-shaped neural groove, junction of two distal muscular synarthries forming conspicuous process (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FFB0FFF737D0FBCF3A41FB10" box="[494,628,1127,1153]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Brachials of type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82016).A–L: IBr1ax, M–O: proximal IIBr, A: aboral view of syntype 1; B: adoral view of syntype 2, C: lateral adoral view of syntype 6; D–F: syntype 3, D: distal view, E: adoral view, F: aboral view; G: detail of distal muscular synarthry of syntype 4 (il: inner ligament, m: muscular area, ol: outer ligament); H–I: syntype 5, H: aboral view, I: proximal view; J: detail of distal muscular synarthry of B, adoral view; K–L: syntype 7, K: lateral-adoral view, L: detail of lateral crenulations; M–O: syntype 8; M: lateral-proximal view; N: distal-adoral view, N: lateral-proximal view, O: lateral-distal view. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except for G, J and L, where it equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700766/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 17B, E</figureCitation>
), neural groove closing only at level of distal muscular synarthries; distal muscular synarthry with narrow, protruding fulcral ridge, inner edge of fulcral ridge with regular, well-marked crenulation, aboral ligament area slightly concave with narrow fossa of same size as neural canal, adoral ligament area beveled (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FFB0FFF7370CFB7B39BAFB7C" box="[306,399,1235,1261]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Brachials of type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82016).A–L: IBr1ax, M–O: proximal IIBr, A: aboral view of syntype 1; B: adoral view of syntype 2, C: lateral adoral view of syntype 6; D–F: syntype 3, D: distal view, E: adoral view, F: aboral view; G: detail of distal muscular synarthry of syntype 4 (il: inner ligament, m: muscular area, ol: outer ligament); H–I: syntype 5, H: aboral view, I: proximal view; J: detail of distal muscular synarthry of B, adoral view; K–L: syntype 7, K: lateral-adoral view, L: detail of lateral crenulations; M–O: syntype 8; M: lateral-proximal view; N: distal-adoral view, N: lateral-proximal view, O: lateral-distal view. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except for G, J and L, where it equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700766/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 17J</figureCitation>
), muscular area oval towards central lumen and forming series of small fossae running along adoral ligament area opposite the lumen (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FFB0FFF73458FB5F3B32FA80" box="[614,775,1271,1297]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Brachials of type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82016).A–L: IBr1ax, M–O: proximal IIBr, A: aboral view of syntype 1; B: adoral view of syntype 2, C: lateral adoral view of syntype 6; D–F: syntype 3, D: distal view, E: adoral view, F: aboral view; G: detail of distal muscular synarthry of syntype 4 (il: inner ligament, m: muscular area, ol: outer ligament); H–I: syntype 5, H: aboral view, I: proximal view; J: detail of distal muscular synarthry of B, adoral view; K–L: syntype 7, K: lateral-adoral view, L: detail of lateral crenulations; M–O: syntype 8; M: lateral-proximal view; N: distal-adoral view, N: lateral-proximal view, O: lateral-distal view. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except for G, J and L, where it equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700766/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 17D, G, J</figureCitation>
); proximal muscular synarthry often poorly preserved with linear fulcral ridge sometimes narrow, bordered by a reduced aboral ligament area and a deep adoral ligament area covered with elongated crenulations (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FFB0FFF73405FA973A97FAC8" box="[571,674,1343,1369]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Brachials of type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82016).A–L: IBr1ax, M–O: proximal IIBr, A: aboral view of syntype 1; B: adoral view of syntype 2, C: lateral adoral view of syntype 6; D–F: syntype 3, D: distal view, E: adoral view, F: aboral view; G: detail of distal muscular synarthry of syntype 4 (il: inner ligament, m: muscular area, ol: outer ligament); H–I: syntype 5, H: aboral view, I: proximal view; J: detail of distal muscular synarthry of B, adoral view; K–L: syntype 7, K: lateral-adoral view, L: detail of lateral crenulations; M–O: syntype 8; M: lateral-proximal view; N: distal-adoral view, N: lateral-proximal view, O: lateral-distal view. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except for G, J and L, where it equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700766/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 17K</figureCitation>
); variable lateral faces often narrow without crenulations (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FFB0FFF7330EFA973DA1FAC8" box="[1328,1428,1343,1369]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Brachials of type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82016).A–L: IBr1ax, M–O: proximal IIBr, A: aboral view of syntype 1; B: adoral view of syntype 2, C: lateral adoral view of syntype 6; D–F: syntype 3, D: distal view, E: adoral view, F: aboral view; G: detail of distal muscular synarthry of syntype 4 (il: inner ligament, m: muscular area, ol: outer ligament); H–I: syntype 5, H: aboral view, I: proximal view; J: detail of distal muscular synarthry of B, adoral view; K–L: syntype 7, K: lateral-adoral view, L: detail of lateral crenulations; M–O: syntype 8; M: lateral-proximal view; N: distal-adoral view, N: lateral-proximal view, O: lateral-distal view. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except for G, J and L, where it equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700766/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 17C</figureCitation>
) or wide with field of long crenulations on one of faces (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FFB0FFF7353AFACB3BB9FAEC" box="[772,908,1379,1405]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Brachials of type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82016).A–L: IBr1ax, M–O: proximal IIBr, A: aboral view of syntype 1; B: adoral view of syntype 2, C: lateral adoral view of syntype 6; D–F: syntype 3, D: distal view, E: adoral view, F: aboral view; G: detail of distal muscular synarthry of syntype 4 (il: inner ligament, m: muscular area, ol: outer ligament); H–I: syntype 5, H: aboral view, I: proximal view; J: detail of distal muscular synarthry of B, adoral view; K–L: syntype 7, K: lateral-adoral view, L: detail of lateral crenulations; M–O: syntype 8; M: lateral-proximal view; N: distal-adoral view, N: lateral-proximal view, O: lateral-distal view. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except for G, J and L, where it equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700766/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 17K–L</figureCitation>
). Some smaller, irregularly shaped IBr1ax with occasionally curved proximal face and muscular synarthry offset on one side (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FFB0FFF735C7FA2F3C4CFA30" box="[1017,1145,1415,1441]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Brachials of type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82016).A–L: IBr1ax, M–O: proximal IIBr, A: aboral view of syntype 1; B: adoral view of syntype 2, C: lateral adoral view of syntype 6; D–F: syntype 3, D: distal view, E: adoral view, F: aboral view; G: detail of distal muscular synarthry of syntype 4 (il: inner ligament, m: muscular area, ol: outer ligament); H–I: syntype 5, H: aboral view, I: proximal view; J: detail of distal muscular synarthry of B, adoral view; K–L: syntype 7, K: lateral-adoral view, L: detail of lateral crenulations; M–O: syntype 8; M: lateral-proximal view; N: distal-adoral view, N: lateral-proximal view, O: lateral-distal view. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except for G, J and L, where it equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700766/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 17H–I</figureCitation>
). Proximal subrectangular secundibrachials subrectangular, wider than high, 3 to 5 strong lateral crenulations on each side (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FFB0FFF732FAFA033D64FA54" box="[1220,1361,1451,1477]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Brachials of type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82016).A–L: IBr1ax, M–O: proximal IIBr, A: aboral view of syntype 1; B: adoral view of syntype 2, C: lateral adoral view of syntype 6; D–F: syntype 3, D: distal view, E: adoral view, F: aboral view; G: detail of distal muscular synarthry of syntype 4 (il: inner ligament, m: muscular area, ol: outer ligament); H–I: syntype 5, H: aboral view, I: proximal view; J: detail of distal muscular synarthry of B, adoral view; K–L: syntype 7, K: lateral-adoral view, L: detail of lateral crenulations; M–O: syntype 8; M: lateral-proximal view; N: distal-adoral view, N: lateral-proximal view, O: lateral-distal view. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except for G, J and L, where it equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700766/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 17M, O</figureCitation>
), muscular synathry symmetrical with respect to axial plane (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FFB0FFF734C5FA673B53FA78" box="[763,870,1487,1513]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Brachials of type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82016).A–L: IBr1ax, M–O: proximal IIBr, A: aboral view of syntype 1; B: adoral view of syntype 2, C: lateral adoral view of syntype 6; D–F: syntype 3, D: distal view, E: adoral view, F: aboral view; G: detail of distal muscular synarthry of syntype 4 (il: inner ligament, m: muscular area, ol: outer ligament); H–I: syntype 5, H: aboral view, I: proximal view; J: detail of distal muscular synarthry of B, adoral view; K–L: syntype 7, K: lateral-adoral view, L: detail of lateral crenulations; M–O: syntype 8; M: lateral-proximal view; N: distal-adoral view, N: lateral-proximal view, O: lateral-distal view. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except for G, J and L, where it equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700766/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 17M</figureCitation>
), no synarthry observed on opposite facet, possibly a synostosis, but feature probably related to poor preservation (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FFB0FFF73564FA5B3BD0F99C" box="[858,997,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Brachials of type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82016).A–L: IBr1ax, M–O: proximal IIBr, A: aboral view of syntype 1; B: adoral view of syntype 2, C: lateral adoral view of syntype 6; D–F: syntype 3, D: distal view, E: adoral view, F: aboral view; G: detail of distal muscular synarthry of syntype 4 (il: inner ligament, m: muscular area, ol: outer ligament); H–I: syntype 5, H: aboral view, I: proximal view; J: detail of distal muscular synarthry of B, adoral view; K–L: syntype 7, K: lateral-adoral view, L: detail of lateral crenulations; M–O: syntype 8; M: lateral-proximal view; N: distal-adoral view, N: lateral-proximal view, O: lateral-distal view. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except for G, J and L, where it equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700766/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 17N–O</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332653AFFB0FFF736F9F9BF3969F873" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FFB0FFF736F9F9BF3CDBF808" blockId="32.[151,1437,1018,2018]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF736F9F9BF390EF9A0" bold="true" box="[199,315,1559,1585]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Remarks.</emphasis>
The extant species,
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FFB0FFF73421F9BF3AB0F9A1" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1837" box="[543,645,1559,1584]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rangii">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF73421F9BF3AB0F9A1" box="[543,645,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">H. rangii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, often shows a crown with a trivium of three large pentagonal IBr and well-developed arms and a bivium of two smaller IBr, sometimes irregularly shaped and with shorter arms (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FFB0FFF73357F9933914F9E8" author="Carpenter, P. H." pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 440" refId="ref25561" refString="Carpenter, P. H. (1884) Report upon the Crinoidea collected during the voyage of H. M. S. &quot; Challenger &quot; during the years 1873 - 1876. Part I, General morphology, with description of the stalked crinoids. Report on the scientific results of the exploring voyage H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, (11) 32, 1 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11805" type="journal article" year="1884">Carpenter 1884</bibRefCitation>
). The bivium is on the inside of the crown curvature and the trivium on the outside. This more or less marked arrangement is independent of the position of the anus (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FFB0FFF73560F92B3CB2F90C" author="Grimmer, J. C. &amp; Holland, N. D." box="[862,1159,1667,1693]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref26346" refString="Grimmer, J. C. &amp; Holland, N. D. (1990) The structure of a sessile, stalkless crinoid (Holopus rangii). Acta Zoologica, 71 (2), 61 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6395.1990. tb 01070. x" type="journal article" year="1990">
Grimmer &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F33F7621FFB0FFF735D4F92B3C71F90C" box="[1002,1092,1667,1693]" name="Netherlands" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Holland</collectingCountry>
1990
</bibRefCitation>
). It is thought to develop during growth under the influence of a unidirectional current (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FFB0FFF73578F90F3BC4F950" author="Donovan, S. K." box="[838,1009,1703,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="665 - 675" refId="ref25855" refString="Donovan, S. K. (1992) SEM study of the living cyrtocrinid Holopus rangii (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) and implications for its functional morphology. Journal of Paleontology, 66 (4), 665 - 675. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0022336000024513" type="journal article" year="1992">Donovan 1992</bibRefCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FFB0FFF7321FF90F3CA3F950" authority="Roux &amp; Martinez &amp; Vizcaïno, 2021" authorityName="Roux &amp; Martinez &amp; Vizcaïno" authorityYear="2021" box="[1057,1174,1703,1729]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="plaziati" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF7321FF90F3CA3F950" box="[1057,1174,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">H. plaziati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F57D8FFB0FFF732A2F90F3CECF950" box="[1180,1241,1703,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, large pentagonal IBrax with few or no lateral crenulations (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FFB0FFF73444F9633ACAF974" box="[634,767,1739,1765]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Brachials of type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82016).A–L: IBr1ax, M–O: proximal IIBr, A: aboral view of syntype 1; B: adoral view of syntype 2, C: lateral adoral view of syntype 6; D–F: syntype 3, D: distal view, E: adoral view, F: aboral view; G: detail of distal muscular synarthry of syntype 4 (il: inner ligament, m: muscular area, ol: outer ligament); H–I: syntype 5, H: aboral view, I: proximal view; J: detail of distal muscular synarthry of B, adoral view; K–L: syntype 7, K: lateral-adoral view, L: detail of lateral crenulations; M–O: syntype 8; M: lateral-proximal view; N: distal-adoral view, N: lateral-proximal view, O: lateral-distal view. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except for G, J and L, where it equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700766/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 17A–F</figureCitation>
) and those smaller, with widely developed lateral crenulations (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FFB0FFF736E3F9473957F898" box="[221,354,1775,1801]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Brachials of type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82016).A–L: IBr1ax, M–O: proximal IIBr, A: aboral view of syntype 1; B: adoral view of syntype 2, C: lateral adoral view of syntype 6; D–F: syntype 3, D: distal view, E: adoral view, F: aboral view; G: detail of distal muscular synarthry of syntype 4 (il: inner ligament, m: muscular area, ol: outer ligament); H–I: syntype 5, H: aboral view, I: proximal view; J: detail of distal muscular synarthry of B, adoral view; K–L: syntype 7, K: lateral-adoral view, L: detail of lateral crenulations; M–O: syntype 8; M: lateral-proximal view; N: distal-adoral view, N: lateral-proximal view, O: lateral-distal view. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except for G, J and L, where it equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700766/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 17K–L</figureCitation>
) or irregularly shaped (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FFB0FFF73457F9473ADCF898" box="[617,745,1775,1801]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Brachials of type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82016).A–L: IBr1ax, M–O: proximal IIBr, A: aboral view of syntype 1; B: adoral view of syntype 2, C: lateral adoral view of syntype 6; D–F: syntype 3, D: distal view, E: adoral view, F: aboral view; G: detail of distal muscular synarthry of syntype 4 (il: inner ligament, m: muscular area, ol: outer ligament); H–I: syntype 5, H: aboral view, I: proximal view; J: detail of distal muscular synarthry of B, adoral view; K–L: syntype 7, K: lateral-adoral view, L: detail of lateral crenulations; M–O: syntype 8; M: lateral-proximal view; N: distal-adoral view, N: lateral-proximal view, O: lateral-distal view. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except for G, J and L, where it equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700766/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 17H–I</figureCitation>
), suggest the presence of a trivium and a bivium, respectively (
<tableCitation id="C6AA030AFFB0FFF736A1F8BB3930F8BC" box="[159,261,1811,1837]" captionStart="TABLE 18" captionStartId="32.[151,239,549,573]" captionText="TABLE 18. Quantitative characters of brachials in the type series of Holopus plaziati n. sp. Wp used as growth index for IBr1. For abbreviations see Fig. 2 and Tables 4 and 9. Values in mm, except for ratios." pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Table 18</tableCitation>
). All other fossil species of
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FFB0FFF7347AF8BB3A96F8BC" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1837" box="[580,675,1811,1837]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF7347AF8BB3A96F8BC" box="[580,675,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Holopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known only by their aboral cup. The oldest specimen has been recorded from Late Campanian chalk in northern
<collectingCountry id="F33F7621FFB0FFF73484F89F3B17F8C0" box="[698,802,1847,1873]" name="Germany" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FFB0FFF73511F89F3BE8F8C0" author="Jagt, J. W. M. &amp; Neumann, C. &amp; Girod, P." box="[815,989,1847,1873]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="59" refId="ref26568" refString="Jagt, J. W. M., Neumann, C. &amp; Girod, P. (2010) First record of a holopodid crinoid from the Late Campanian white chalk facies of northern Germany. In: Reich, M., Reitner, J., Roden, V., Thuy, B. (Eds.), Echinoderm Research 2010, 7 th European Conference on Echinoderms, Abstract volume, Universitatsdrucke, Gottingen, p. 59." type="book chapter" year="2010">
Jagt
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF7355AF89F3BA1F8C0" box="[868,916,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FFB0FFF735D0F89F3CBDF8C0" author="Manni, R." box="[1006,1160,1846,1873]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="211 - 218" refId="ref26861" refString="Manni, R. (2005) The non-isocrinid crinoids of the Michelotti collection. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 44 (3), 211 - 218." type="journal article" year="2005">Manni (2005)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FFB0FFF73285F89F3DA9F8C0" author="Frisone, V. &amp; Preto, N. &amp; Pisera, A. &amp; Agnini, C. &amp; Giusberti, L. &amp; Papazzoni, C. A. &amp; De Angeli, A. &amp; Beschin, C. &amp; Mietto, P. &amp; Quaggiotto, E. &amp; Monaco, P. &amp; Dominici, S. &amp; Kiessling, W. &amp; Luciani, V. &amp; Roux, M. &amp; Bosellini, F. R." box="[1211,1436,1847,1873]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="299 - 313" refId="ref26021" refString="Frisone, V., Preto, N., Pisera, A., Agnini, C., Giusberti, L., Papazzoni, C. A., De Angeli, A., Beschin, C., Mietto, P., Quaggiotto, E., Monaco, P., Dominici, S., Kiessling, W., Luciani, V., Roux, M. &amp; Bosellini, F. R. (2020) A first glimpse on the taphonomy and sedimentary environment of the Eocene siliceous sponges from Chiampo, Lessini Mts., NE Italy. Bollettino della Societa paleontologica Italiana, 59 (3), 299 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.4435 / BSPI. 2020.25" type="journal article" year="2020">
Frisone
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF7332BF89F3D70F8C0" box="[1301,1349,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">et al</emphasis>
. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
confirmed the presence of the genus in the Eocene of northeast
<collectingCountry id="F33F7621FFB0FFF7355FF8F33BA3F8E4" box="[865,918,1883,1909]" name="Italy" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Italy</collectingCountry>
. The Réqui site provided the first examples of brachials of an extinct species of
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FFB0FFF73432F8D73A5EF808" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1837" box="[524,619,1919,1945]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF73432F8D73A5EF808" box="[524,619,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Holopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The corresponding aboral cup remains to be discovered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FFB0FFF736F9F80A3969F873" blockId="32.[151,1437,1018,2018]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FFB0FFF736F9F80A396FF82D" bold="true" box="[199,346,1954,1980]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Early Ypresian in Corbières (middle Ilerdian), species only known from Réqui near Montlaur (Val de Dagne, Aude).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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