118 lines
19 KiB
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118 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="32E440DCEA3A23A866DC50604ED3A67B" ID-CLB-Dataset="7139" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4963.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="049b6936-13d8-42d6-9468-2019ddf78d14" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4700704" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1618839122537" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Roux, Michel, Martinez, Alain & Vizcaïno, Daniel" docDate="2021" docId="038187A7FF9AFFDC36A9FA463ACBFE8C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4963.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4963 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhizocrinidae Jaekel 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="212" masterDocId="FFB8FFDFFF90FFD7363EFFA83835FF91" masterDocTitle="A diverse crinoid fauna (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) from the Lower Eocene of the Gulf of Languedoc (Corbières, Aude, southern France)" masterLastPageNumber="242" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="211" updateTime="1698937187163" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="D8C11BF405B9012816FB983A7D745227">A diverse crinoid fauna (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) from the Lower Eocene of the Gulf of Languedoc (Corbières, Aude, southern France)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ED24530A0D4B514EBE11B8E8B9E7DD50">Roux, Michel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="935A458AF0C688E1DC8DD40C5F2DF5D8">Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, UMR 7205 ISYEB MNHN-CNRS-UPMC-EPHE, Département Systématique et Évolution, CP 51, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C16031A543A8238E0FB593DB95B9A502">Martinez, Alain</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C53E2D3564944CAEDD1B4AC9E65038C2">Chemin de Saint Estève, 11200 Lézignan-Corbières. France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="34035D64AD735684EC1AC9DC09979327">Vizcaïno, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0050491206E6C9179F83659FAB3EEBF4">7 rue J. - B. Chardin Maquens, 11000 Carcassonne, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="5D0EEDB66FC45B799B66865B68C85545">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E6EA09543A9B7B53964A7FB93CDDE8F9">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7C0B680C0A611441D1ACFAA4E1BBAAAF">2021-04-19</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038187A7FF9AFFDC36A9FA463ACBFE8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4730441" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181760270" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4730441" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038187A7FF9AFFDC36A9FA463ACBFE8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038187A7FF9AFFDC36A9FA463ACBFE8C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">
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<subSubSection id="C332653AFF9AFFDD36A9FA463A72F999" box="[151,583,1518,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9736B1FF9AFFDD36A9FA463A72F999" blockId="10.[151,583,1518,1545]" box="[151,583,1518,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">
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<heading id="D0DF81DDFF9AFFDD36A9FA463A72F999" bold="true" box="[151,583,1518,1545]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF9AFFDD36A9FA463A72F999" bold="true" box="[151,583,1518,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF9AFFDD36C9FA463A72F999" ID-CoL="8FZFQ" authority="Jaekel, 1894" authorityName="Jaekel" authorityYear="1894" box="[247,583,1518,1545]" class="Crinoidea" family="Rhizocrinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
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Rhizocrinidae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FF9AFFDD3790FA473A72F999" author="Jaekel, O." box="[430,583,1518,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" pagination="101 - 121" refId="ref26539" refString="Jaekel, O. (1894) Entwurf einer Morphogenie und Phylogenie der Crinoiden. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1894, 101 - 121." type="journal article" year="1894">Jaekel, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C332653AFF9AFFDC36A9F99F3ACBFE8C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9736B1FF9AFFDC36A9F99F397EFF6B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1591,2013]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">
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<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF9AFFDD36A9F99F393EF9C0" bold="true" box="[151,267,1591,1617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The distal face of the radial circlet (
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<figureCitation id="13132A34FF9AFFDD349AF99F3ACFF9C0" box="[676,762,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,723,747]" captionTargetBox="[178,1403,188,676]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[151,1436,181,700]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Characters and main parameters of aboral cups, brachials and columnals in Rhizocrinidae and the centrodorsal of Amphorometra. A–B: aboral cup, A: lateral view (b: basal, r: radial, Dc: maximum diameter, Dp: diameter of stalk insertion = proximalmost stalk diameter, Dr: diameter of distal radial circlet, Hc: height), B: distal face of radial circlet [Dc: maximum diameter, Dd: diameter of central cavity,, fr: fulcral ridge, ic: interradial crest, il: inner (adoral) ligament, m: muscular insertion, nc: neural canal, ol: outer (aboral) ligament, Wr: width of radial]; C: muscular synarthrial facet of non-axillary brachial (W: maximum width parallel to fulcral ridge, other abbreviations as in B); D: external face of axillary brachial (H: height, Wd: distal width, Wm: width of articulation with IIBr1, Wp: proximal width); E–F: distal columnal (f: 8-shaped ligament fossa, fr: fulcral ridge, D: largest facet diameter, d: smallest facet diameter, d’: mid-height diameter, H: height, rs: rhizoid socket), E: view from articular facet, F: lateral view; G–H: Amphorometra centrodorsal (a: aboral apex, cs: cirrus socket, D: maximum diameter, D’: diameter of central cavity, Dcs: diameter of largest cirrus socket, ib: insertion of basal, ir: interradial ridge), G: adoral view, H: lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700712/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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) and the presence or absence of axillary brachials (
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<figureCitation id="13132A34FF9AFFDD3302F99F3DA1F9C0" box="[1340,1428,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,723,747]" captionTargetBox="[178,1403,188,676]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[151,1436,181,700]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Characters and main parameters of aboral cups, brachials and columnals in Rhizocrinidae and the centrodorsal of Amphorometra. A–B: aboral cup, A: lateral view (b: basal, r: radial, Dc: maximum diameter, Dp: diameter of stalk insertion = proximalmost stalk diameter, Dr: diameter of distal radial circlet, Hc: height), B: distal face of radial circlet [Dc: maximum diameter, Dd: diameter of central cavity,, fr: fulcral ridge, ic: interradial crest, il: inner (adoral) ligament, m: muscular insertion, nc: neural canal, ol: outer (aboral) ligament, Wr: width of radial]; C: muscular synarthrial facet of non-axillary brachial (W: maximum width parallel to fulcral ridge, other abbreviations as in B); D: external face of axillary brachial (H: height, Wd: distal width, Wm: width of articulation with IIBr1, Wp: proximal width); E–F: distal columnal (f: 8-shaped ligament fossa, fr: fulcral ridge, D: largest facet diameter, d: smallest facet diameter, d’: mid-height diameter, H: height, rs: rhizoid socket), E: view from articular facet, F: lateral view; G–H: Amphorometra centrodorsal (a: aboral apex, cs: cirrus socket, D: maximum diameter, D’: diameter of central cavity, Dcs: diameter of largest cirrus socket, ib: insertion of basal, ir: interradial ridge), G: adoral view, H: lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700712/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
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) have been shown to be highly useful for distinguishing the various rhizocrinid genera (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FF9AFFDD3242F9F33D71F9E4" author="Roux, M. & Eleaume, M. & Ameziane, N." box="[1148,1348,1627,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" pagination="51 - 84" refId="ref28520" refString="Roux, M., Eleaume, M. & Ameziane, N. (2019) A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk. Zootaxa, 4560 (1), 51 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4560.1.3" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Roux
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<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF9AFFDD32FAF9F33CC2F9E4" box="[1220,1271,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">et al</emphasis>
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. 2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Those authors subdivided
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<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF9AFFDD374AF9D739C2F908" box="[372,503,1663,1689]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Conocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF9AFFDD374AF9D739C2F908" box="[372,503,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Conocrinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(sensu lato) into three genera, namely
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<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF9AFFDD358EF9D73C06F908" box="[944,1075,1663,1689]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Conocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF9AFFDD358EF9D73C06F908" box="[944,1075,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Conocrinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(sensu stricto),
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<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF9AFFDD32D6F9D73DA9F909" authorityName="Roux, Eleaume & Ameziane" authorityYear="2019" box="[1256,1436,1663,1688]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Paraconocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF9AFFDD32D6F9D73DA9F909" box="[1256,1436,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Paraconocrinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF9AFFDD36F6F90B39A2F92C" authorityName="Roux, Eleaume and Ameziane" authorityYear="2019" box="[200,407,1699,1725]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Pseudoconocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF9AFFDD36F6F90B39A2F92C" box="[200,407,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Pseudoconocrinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Although appearing as early as the Ypresian,
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<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF9AFFDD3594F90B3C18F92C" box="[938,1069,1699,1725]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Conocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF9AFFDD3594F90B3C18F92C" box="[938,1069,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Conocrinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(sensu stricto) was not found in Ilerdian strata of Corbières. The proximal columnals that constitute the proxistele of rhizocrinids are more or less thick and disc shaped, usually with flat and smooth facets. They are rare or absent in the screen-washed residues that we picked by hand. The columnals of the mesistele and dististele have synarthrial articulations with a central ligamentary fossa that has a figure-8 shape. The fulcral ridges change orientation from one joint to the next, giving the columnals a twisted appearance (
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<figureCitation id="13132A34FF9AFFDD3408F8FF3A99F8E0" box="[566,684,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,723,747]" captionTargetBox="[178,1403,188,676]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[151,1436,181,700]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Characters and main parameters of aboral cups, brachials and columnals in Rhizocrinidae and the centrodorsal of Amphorometra. A–B: aboral cup, A: lateral view (b: basal, r: radial, Dc: maximum diameter, Dp: diameter of stalk insertion = proximalmost stalk diameter, Dr: diameter of distal radial circlet, Hc: height), B: distal face of radial circlet [Dc: maximum diameter, Dd: diameter of central cavity,, fr: fulcral ridge, ic: interradial crest, il: inner (adoral) ligament, m: muscular insertion, nc: neural canal, ol: outer (aboral) ligament, Wr: width of radial]; C: muscular synarthrial facet of non-axillary brachial (W: maximum width parallel to fulcral ridge, other abbreviations as in B); D: external face of axillary brachial (H: height, Wd: distal width, Wm: width of articulation with IIBr1, Wp: proximal width); E–F: distal columnal (f: 8-shaped ligament fossa, fr: fulcral ridge, D: largest facet diameter, d: smallest facet diameter, d’: mid-height diameter, H: height, rs: rhizoid socket), E: view from articular facet, F: lateral view; G–H: Amphorometra centrodorsal (a: aboral apex, cs: cirrus socket, D: maximum diameter, D’: diameter of central cavity, Dcs: diameter of largest cirrus socket, ib: insertion of basal, ir: interradial ridge), G: adoral view, H: lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700712/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Fig. 2E–F</figureCitation>
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). Most rhizocrinids are fixed by rhizoids developed from the distal part of the stalk (dististele). In the fauna described here, the columnal characters do not allow a clear distinction between the different genera. The external morphology of juvenile aboral cups occasionally shows clear, discriminating characters, which tend to disappear later during growth by morphological convergence (homoplasy; for example, see
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<figureCitation id="13132A34FF9BFFDC3726FF3F39AFFF20" box="[280,410,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,453,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-78@27.[151,1436,453,1751]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 14. Aboral cups of type series of Globulocrinus amphoraformis n. gen., n. sp. from Réqui. A–I: lateral views showing variations and changes in morphology during ontogeny, G: holotype (MNHN.F.A82011); A–F, H–L: paratypes (MNHN. F.A82012), A: paratype 1, B: paratype 2, C and K–L: paratype 3, D: paratype 4, E: paratype 5, F: paratype 6, H: paratype 7, I: paratype 8, J: distal face of radial circlet of paratype 9; K–L: aboral views of basal circlet of paratype 3, showing pentagonal depression corresponding to stalk insertion. Scale bar equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700758/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Fig. 14A–I</figureCitation>
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). The abundance of material from some outcrops has allowed the recognition of juveniles and the reconstitution of ontogenic trajectories that have proved instrumental in clarifying the taxonomy (see
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<figureCitation id="13132A34FF9BFFDC334EFF133892FF68" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[157,1424,923,1617]" captionTargetId="figure-282@18.[151,1436,921,1629]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Variations in main quantitative characters related to columnal shape and aboral cups of P. doncieuxi suboblongus n. subsp. from Réqui. The coloured envelopes cover more than 90% of specimens; straight lines indicate values of H/D (left) and Hc/Dc (right) (in purple: specimens from Réqui, and, for comparison, in green: P. doncieuxi from the Fontcouverte sites, except for Lavade, in red: P. lavadensis n. sp. from Lavade). Dp and red bar: range of stalk insertion diameter (= proximalmost stalk diameter) measured on aboral cups from Réqui. Values in mm, except for ratios (black straight lines). See Fig. 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700735/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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, for example).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9736B1FF9BFFDC36F9FEAA3ACBFE8C" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,285]" box="[199,766,258,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
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<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF9BFFDC36F9FEAA3A2CFE8D" bold="true" box="[199,537,258,284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Stratigraphical distribution.</emphasis>
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Campanian-Recent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |