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<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.1095032" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b97fd151-e825-47df-8472-cf628646d260" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1095032" approvalRequired="24" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="23" checkinTime="1509025595032" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Paul, G. S." docDate="1988" docId="03EB9567FFEC5F38FF657DF4D08CFA27" docLanguage="en" docName="Paul1988_Predatory Dinosaurs of the World_(almost done)pdf.imf" docOrigin="Predatory Dinosaurs of the World, New York: Touchstone Books" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Tyrannosaurus bataar Maleev 1955" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="343" masterDocId="FFD2ED1FFFFD5F2CFFB67B6FD320FFCB" masterDocTitle="Predatory Dinosaurs of the World" masterLastPageNumber="349" masterPageNumber="323" pageNumber="340" updateTime="1673869445587" updateUser="jeremy">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Predatory Dinosaurs of the World</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Paul, G. S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:originInfo>
<mods:dateIssued>1988</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">1988-12-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher>Touchstone Books</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>New York</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Predatory Dinosaurs of the World</mods:title>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>323</mods:start>
<mods:end>349</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1095032</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b97fd151-e825-47df-8472-cf628646d260</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1095032</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424380" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190642297" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4424380" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EB9567FFEC5F38FF657DF4D08CFA27" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB9567FFEC5F38FF657DF4D08CFA27" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="343" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="340" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="17.[211,1395,1688,1781]" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">
SUBGENUS
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1906" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tyrannosaurus">
<emphasis box="[451,1219,1691,1730]" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">TYRANNOSAURUS (TYRANNOSAURUS)</emphasis>
(Osborn, 1906)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="340" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="17.[209,1352,1817,2308]" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[211,1159,1817,1856]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
<emphasis box="[211,1159,1817,1856]" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">TYRANNOSAURUS (TYRANNOSAURUS) BATAAR</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maleev, 1955
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="340" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="17.[209,1352,1817,2308]" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">
Synonyms—
<emphasis box="[450,1259,1916,1955]" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[450,825,1916,1955]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">Tarbosaurus bataar</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Maleev, 1955" box="[848,1253,1916,1955]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="efremovi">Tarbosaurus efremovi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1914" box="[295,738,1967,2006]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancinator">Gorgosaurus lancinator</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1905" box="[759,1181,1967,2006]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="17" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novojilovi">Gorgosaurus novojilovi</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="340" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="17.[209,1352,1817,2308]" box="[211,514,2017,2056]" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">type—PIN 551-1</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[209,1352,1817,2308]" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">
best specimens—type (skull),
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396379310" box="[782,961,2069,2108]" collectingDate="1949" collectionCode="PIN" collectorName="Soviet Expidition" country="Mongolia" formation="Nemegt Formation" geologicalContext="early to mid-Maastrichtian? of the late LAte Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" pageId="17" pageNumber="340" preperations="skull" specimenCode="PIN 551-3" typeStatus="Type">PIN 551-3</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396379318" box="[983,1246,2069,2108]" collectionCode="ZPAL" country="Mongolia" formation="Nemegt Formation" geologicalContext="early to mid-Maastrichtian? of the late LAte Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" pageId="17" pageNumber="340" specimenCode="ZPAL MgD-1/3" typeStatus="other material">ZPAL MgD-1/3</materialsCitation>
(juvenile)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[209,1352,2169,2208]" pageId="17" pageNumber="340" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="17.[209,1352,1817,2308]" box="[209,1352,2169,2208]" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">
<emphasis box="[209,296,2175,2206]" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">time</emphasis>
—early to mid-Maastrichtian? of the late Late Cretaceous
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[210,1247,2219,2258]" pageId="17" pageNumber="340" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="17.[209,1352,1817,2308]" box="[210,1247,2219,2258]" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">horizon and locality—Nemegt Formation of Mongolia</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[209,935,2269,2308]" pageId="17" pageNumber="340" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="17.[209,1352,1817,2308]" box="[209,935,2269,2308]" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">MAIN ANATOMICAL STUDY—Maleev 1974</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="340">
<table box="[209,1114,2319,2409]" gridcols="4" gridrows="2" inLine="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">
<tr box="[209,1114,2319,2360]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="340" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[569,722,2319,2360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">MgD-1 1/3 3</td>
<td box="[761,856,2319,2360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">551 551- -3 3</td>
<td box="[978,1114,2319,2360]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">Type Type</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[209,1114,2369,2409]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">
<th box="[209,516,2369,2409]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">skull SKULL length LENGTH— —</th>
<td box="[569,722,2369,2409]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">745 mm mm</td>
<td box="[761,856,2369,2409]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">1135 1135</td>
<td box="[978,1114,2369,2409]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="340">-~ 1350 1350</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastBlockId="19.[965,1078,152,341]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">
<table box="[182,1077,152,342]" gridcols="4" gridrows="4" inLine="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">
<tr box="[182,1077,152,192]" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">
<th box="[182,499,152,192]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">TOTAL LENGTH—</th>
<th box="[544,692,152,192]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">5.8 m</th>
<th box="[735,917,152,192]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">7.7</th>
<th box="[965,1077,152,192]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">~10</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[182,1077,202,241]" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">
<th box="[182,499,202,241]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">FEMUR LENGTH—</th>
<td box="[544,692,202,241]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">700 mm</td>
<td box="[735,917,202,241]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">970</td>
<td box="[965,1077,202,241]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">~1200</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[182,1077,251,291]" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">
<th box="[182,499,251,291]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">HIP HEIGHT—</th>
<td box="[544,692,251,291]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">1.9 m</td>
<td box="[735,917,251,291]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">2.4</td>
<td box="[965,1077,251,291]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">~2.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[182,1077,302,342]" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">
<th box="[182,499,302,342]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">MASS—</th>
<td box="[544,692,302,342]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">760 kg</td>
<td box="[735,917,302,342]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">2.1 tonnes</td>
<td box="[965,1077,302,342]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">~5</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="342" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="19.[180,1383,374,2426]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">
Discovered by the Soviet expedition of 1949, this taxa was at first correctly named
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[597,1020,430,469]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">Tyrannosaurus bataar</taxonomicName>
by E. Maleev. But then he gave a smaller specimen the fine generic title,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1187,1374,485,524]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">Tarbosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[344,519,539,578]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
T.
<emphasis box="[391,519,539,578]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">bataar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is often sunk into the latter. But if the very big type skull had been found in North America it would have been assigned to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[401,513,647,686]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
: they are that alike! So much so that if they did overlap in time—the exact age of the Nemegt is hard to pin down
<emphasis box="[180,227,755,794]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[227,406,755,794]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
T.
<emphasis box="[278,406,755,794]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">bataar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may have even been an interbreeding, geographical subspecies of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[438,545,810,849]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
, much as the Eurasian brown bear and American grizzly are subspecies of Ursus arctos.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[983,1181,865,904]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">T. bataar’s</taxonomicName>
somewhat smaller size might be due to its living in a harsher, more arid habitat. So Maleev was right the first time in making this
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
. The Mongolian predator does have smaller teeth, a shallower snout and mandible, and somewhat different skull roof bones than
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[411,527,1136,1175]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
. Also,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[664,871,1136,1175]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">T. bataar’s</taxonomicName>
orbital horns, both before and behind the eye socket, appear to be the smallest among tyrannosaurs. The biggest complete
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[819,993,1245,1284]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
T.
<emphasis box="[867,993,1245,1284]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">bataar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1085,1191,1245,1284]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
skulls are the same length, so these individuals were about equal in size. Their skulls also share the same degree of binocular vision.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="343" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="19.[180,1383,374,2426]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">
A more serious taxonomic problem is that the many good skulls and skeletons may represent more than one species.18 Maleev and Osmolska believe in two or more, Rhozhdestvensky argues for one.19 Initially, I inclined toward the former view. After all, three species of the big-cat genus Panthera are found in India (lion, tiger, and leopard), and there is always more than one tyrannosaur present in North American formations. That the Nemegt had only one seemed wrong. Yet, careful examination of published remains and those I saw in Warsaw leaves me pretty sure that Rhozhdestvensky is right. Whatever the specimen’s size, the teeth of all the specimens are alike in size and design, the orbital horns are the same, and there just is no significant variation in morphology. One small, partial skull
<emphasis box="[1117,1146,2059,2098]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">(“</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novojilovi">
Gorgosaurus
<emphasis box="[187,377,2113,2152]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">novojilovi,</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” Maleev, 1955 20) has been restored as very long and low, quite different from the others. But the individual bones match other
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[425,603,2222,2261]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">T. bataar</taxonomicName>
skulls, and restored properly they form a normal skull. There have been suggestions that this specimen’s foot bones are unique, but as far as I can tell they are not.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[180,1383,374,2426]" lastBlockId="20.[786,1987,174,1516]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="343" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">
All Nemegt tyrannosaurs may therefore represent a growth series of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[970,1157,174,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">T. bataar</taxonomicName>
. As the species grew up, the body became more robust, the shank and feet somewhat shorter, and the transverse braincase crest seems to have enlarged, rather like what appears to occur in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1157,1357,338,377]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
. Unlike the latter,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[1706,1881,338,377]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">T. bataar</taxonomicName>
teeth show no dramatic alteration in size relative to the skull, but the snout did became longer as they matured.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[786,1987,174,1516]" pageId="20" pageNumber="343">
Note that the larger skeletal restoration (see page 341) is of a fairly complete subadult skull and skeleton. Full adults were even more like
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1068,1174,609,648]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
, as shown by the big type skull. The juvenile skeleton is based on a superb individual that lacks only the tail.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[786,1987,174,1516]" pageId="20" pageNumber="343">
Prior to the Nemegt deposition, Mongolia was too arid to support big herbivore populations large enough to feed big tyrannosaurs, so only a few big theropod teeth are known. Even the Nemegt was a dryer, more open, savanna-like habitat than were the heavily forested North American tyrannosaur environments.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[934,1146,989,1028]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">T. bataar’s</taxonomicName>
prey consisted mainly of armored ankylosaurs, the big duckbill Saurolophus, and one or two of species of medium-sized brontosaurs. There is little doubt that 5-tonne
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[787,966,1151,1190]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">T. bataar</taxonomicName>
could bring down the 5-to-10-tonne brontosaurs in its neighborhood. So, although
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1311,1418,1205,1244]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
never met Brontosaurus itself, the comic books are correct in showing tyrannosaurs preying on its relative. These bulky herbivores may have provided most of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[788,992,1369,1408]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">T. bataar’s</taxonomicName>
prey biomass. With the possible exception of the rare and possibly herbivorous Deinocherius,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[1553,1732,1423,1462]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">T. bataar</taxonomicName>
had no competitors.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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