145 lines
18 KiB
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145 lines
18 KiB
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<document id="6A1614BF50DBDAABE44DCD5F2F3EEB99" ID-DOI="10.26879/1220" ID-ISSN="1094-8074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10962250" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1712859670786" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Jacisin Iii, John J. & Lawing, A. Michelle" docDate="2024" docId="03B387E8FFA4320684F6FC4A9C6CF8D4" docLanguage="en" docName="PalaeontolElectron.27.1.a2.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeontologia Electronica (a 2) 27 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1220" docStyle="DocumentStyle:322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A.4:PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A" docStyleName="PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pantherophis Fitzinger 1843" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FF8AFF90FFA8320B8770FFDA9964FFD9" masterDocTitle="Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1715215045661" updateUser="admin" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="8E94A1D2BF44E354E3FEE98C38738746">Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F5011DB2F0AC747478F99F37CD610EA1">Jacisin Iii, John J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1006FD38A28EB891AE31D5649B52BD7B">Lawing, A. Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3409F90D55B55E6167C5F6DE82B25B04">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="55F940E2296B70B4024830B8B2B2F7C5">Palaeontologia Electronica</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="89EBC8A047D23B3CA7CE653990250433">
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<mods:date id="13AF8E34F939B95E79640672F32A2D3E">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="37AA2055DFD317E082EBE811EFB2ADEF">a 2</mods:title>
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<mods:detail id="ED6DF6E96276C234FA817061872BBDF0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="9B33A9F1DFF87F0CF173C915ABF60041">27</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="FBC4ADC3EE3061511DE095F3610AE5C2">http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1220</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="058AF5632154F330769DA13774CFF86F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="988E1D36BD17B6EAE294214C7D46D559" type="DOI">10.26879/1220</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C15D41869D714B348FEC29BE44CD3A0B" type="ISSN">1094-8074</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B387E8FFA4320684F6FC4A9C6CF8D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387E8FFA4320684F6FC4A9C6CF8D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387E8FFA4320684F6FC4A9C6CF8D4" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA4320784F6FC4A9C06FC73" box="[902,1378,912,938]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA4320784F6FC4A9C06FC73" blockId="12.[902,1378,912,938]" box="[902,1378,912,938]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="D0ED8192FFA4320784F6FC4A9C06FC73" box="[902,1378,912,938]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA4320784ACFC4A9C06FC73" ID-CoL="6DBX" ID-ENA="201800" authority="Fitzinger, 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[988,1378,912,938]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pantherophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA4320784ACFC4A9DC8FC70" box="[988,1196,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">PANTHEROPHIS</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA4320783C3FC4B9C06FC73" author="Fitzinger, L." box="[1203,1378,913,938]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref18697" refString="Fitzinger, L. 1843. Systema reptilium. Fasciculus primus. Amblyglossae. Vindobonae. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4694" type="book" year="1843">Fitzinger, 1843</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA432078438FC619D91FB0D" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA432078438FC619D91FB0D" blockId="12.[840,1441,955,1908]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA432078438FC619AABFC0D" bold="true" box="[840,975,955,980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The vertebrae of North American
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA432078218FC619AD2FC2D" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pantherophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA432078218FC619AD2FC2D" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pantherophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are relatively short, but robustly built compared to most of their contemporary colubrids. The vertebrae have wide, high neural spines and broad hemal keels, but lack epizygapophyseal spines (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA4320784D3FB819D2BFBAD" author="Holman, J. A." box="[931,1103,1115,1140]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref19958" refString="Holman, J. A. 2000. Fossil snakes of North America: Origin, evolution, distribution, paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book" year="2000">Holman, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA43207832AFB819CF3FBAD" author="Parmley, D. & Hunter, K. B." box="[1114,1431,1115,1140]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="526 - 543" refId="ref22088" refString="Parmley, D. and Hunter, K. B. 2010. Fossil Snakes of the Clarendonian (Late Miocene) Pratt Slide Local Fauna of Nebraska, with the description of a new natricine colubrid. Journal of Herpetology, 44: 526 - 543. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 09 - 248.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Parmley and Hunter, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). The parapophyseal process is poorly developed on either side, and the interzygapophyseal ridge is straight in lateral view (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA432078327FB619D8FFB0D" author="Ikeda, T." box="[1111,1259,1211,1236]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="13 - 34" refId="ref20276" refString="Ikeda, T. 2007. A comparative morphological study of the vertebrae of snakes occurring in Japan and adjacent regions. Current Herpetology, 26: 13 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.3105 / 1345 - 5834 (2007) 26 [13: ACMSOT] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Ikeda, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA432068438FB019C6CF8D4" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA432068438FB019C6CF8D4" blockId="12.[840,1441,955,1908]" lastBlockId="13.[840,1440,1748,1805]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA432078438FB019AA4FB2D" bold="true" box="[840,960,1243,1268]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The vertebrae of North American
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA432078221FB019AFBFACD" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pantherophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA432078221FB019AFBFACD" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pantherophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are similar to some species of other large-bodied colubrine genera. In North America, the vertebrae of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA4320784AFFAE19D18FA8D" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[991,1148,1339,1364]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pantherophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA4320784AFFAE19D18FA8D" box="[991,1148,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pantherophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differ from those of New World
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA4320784E5FA819D46FAAD" authorityName="Baird & Girard" authorityYear="1853" box="[917,1058,1371,1396]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Masticophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA4320784E5FA819D46FAAD" box="[917,1058,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Masticophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA43207832DFA819DDEFAAD" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1117,1210,1371,1396]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA43207832DFA819DDEFAAD" box="[1117,1210,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Coluber</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in that they are relatively shorter and more robustly built, have higher and wider neural spines, have wider hemal keels, and lack epizygapophyseal spines (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA432078398FA619CF3FA0D" author="Holman, J. A." box="[1256,1431,1467,1492]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref19958" refString="Holman, J. A. 2000. Fossil snakes of North America: Origin, evolution, distribution, paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book" year="2000">Holman, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA432078438FA019A81FA2D" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[840,997,1499,1524]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pantherophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA432078438FA019A81FA2D" box="[840,997,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pantherophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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generally differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA43207839CFA019CE0FA2D" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[1260,1412,1499,1524]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA43207839CFA019CE0FA2D" box="[1260,1412,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lampropeltis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in possessing a higher, more vaulted neural arch, a higher neural spine (compared to at least some species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA4320784BAF9E19D06F98D" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[970,1122,1595,1620]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA4320784BAF9E19D06F98D" box="[970,1122,1595,1620]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lampropeltis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), straight and less defined subcentral ridges, and less robust vertebrae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA43207821DF9819AB6F94D" author="Holman, J. A." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref19958" refString="Holman, J. A. 2000. Fossil snakes of North America: Origin, evolution, distribution, paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book" year="2000">Holman, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA432078495F9A19C5DF94D" author="Parmley, D. & Hunter, K. B." box="[997,1337,1659,1684]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="526 - 543" refId="ref22088" refString="Parmley, D. and Hunter, K. B. 2010. Fossil Snakes of the Clarendonian (Late Miocene) Pratt Slide Local Fauna of Nebraska, with the description of a new natricine colubrid. Journal of Herpetology, 44: 526 - 543. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 09 - 248.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Parmley and Hunter, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA432078221F9A19AFBF96D" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pantherophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA432078221F9A19AFBF96D" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pantherophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA432078338F9419DD2F96D" authorityName="Holbrook" authorityYear="1842" box="[1096,1206,1691,1716]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pituophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA432078338F9419DD2F96D" box="[1096,1206,1691,1716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pituophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having a lower neural spine and a zygosphene that is rarely or never concave (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA432078360F9019D8EF92D" author="Auffenberg, W." box="[1040,1258,1755,1780]" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="131 - 216" part="10" refId="ref17617" refString="Auffenberg, W. 1963. The fossil snakes of Florida. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 10: 131 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4641" title="The fossil snakes of Florida" type="book" year="1963">Auffenberg, 1963</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA432078273F9019CC4F92D" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[1283,1440,1755,1780]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pantherophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA432078273F9019CC4F92D" box="[1283,1440,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pantherophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA432078495F9219D12F8CD" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[997,1142,1787,1812]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymarchon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA432078495F9219D12F8CD" box="[997,1142,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Drymarchon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in possessing a zygosphene that is rarely or never concave, greater posterolateral curvature of the neural arch, less posterior curvature of the neural spine, and a deeper concavity on the posteromedial portion of the neural arch (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA5320686EEF92E9A6BF8D4" author="Jasinski, S. E. & Moscato, D. A." box="[414,783,1780,1805]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="245 - 257" refId="ref20745" refString="Jasinski, S. E. and Moscato, D. A. 2017. Late Hemphillian Colubrid Snakes (Serpentes, Colubridae) from the Gray Fossil Site of Northeastern Tennessee. Journal of Herpetology, 51: 245 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 16 - 020" type="journal article" year="2017">Jasinski and Moscato, 2017</bibRefCitation>
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). There has been no work to definitively separate the vertebral morphology of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA532068693F8EE9BE4F894" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[483,640,1844,1869]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pantherophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA532068693F8EE9BE4F894" box="[483,640,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pantherophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA5320685CEF8EE9A75F894" box="[702,785,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Elaphe</emphasis>
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, in part because their reclassification as separate genera has not been morphologically defined since their separation in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA532068353F92E9C60F8D4" author="Utiger, U. & Helfenberger, N. & Schatti, B. & Schmidt, C. & Ruf, M. & Ziswiler, V." box="[1059,1284,1780,1805]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref23798" refString="Utiger, U., Helfenberger, N., Schatti, B., Schmidt, C., Ruf, M., and Ziswiler, V. 2002. Molecular systematics and phylogeny of Old and New World Rat Snakes, Elaphe auct., and related genera (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 9: 105 - 124." type="journal article" year="2002">Utiger et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |