150 lines
19 KiB
XML
150 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="D146E8F75CA56E693651A20EC10C9B6A" ID-DOI="10.26879/1220" ID-ISSN="1094-8074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10962250" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1712859670786" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Jacisin Iii, John J. & Lawing, A. Michelle" docDate="2024" docId="03B387E8FFA0320387A1FE299C03FD86" docLanguage="en" docName="PalaeontolElectron.27.1.a2.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeontologia Electronica (a 2) 27 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1220" docStyle="DocumentStyle:322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A.3:PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A" docStyleName="PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Charina prebottae Brattstrom 1958" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FF8AFF90FFA8320B8770FFDA9964FFD9" masterDocTitle="Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1713794153851" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="C6B6C41B6604FD76354BA05B8C8CE77A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C8E3AC6E03D91BA9EC61A4B7BDE4717C">
|
||
<mods:title id="963AB8F118868A5A32684F1A6D69275F">Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="00CF2A5AB180204566FE9EFEB5936337" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8136FFA4193AB6A8AA1F3AF4604AD420">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BC8F2AAF44BA74FE65E4E52B4486DB1A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="035256EC40527EEEA841F4757CE5CE16">Jacisin Iii, John J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="20D3B9507B1E2F2D00B342A65FFCEE94" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2D924E0A5555D96054258269AB80647A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="78BB3DAF217A84485F9957E8A38F391D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="077AE0DADD072CCA7040E0D6FFBA2190">Lawing, A. Michelle</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="9B06FE81411FE98B2E1D91C15F89E2B9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="A8846E6B7055B64034626FC3A8A83CC7" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="301E3E8C72ADC4E59910B6E720FA96F6">
|
||
<mods:title id="EB02D73CE546F27E739CEEE04F2A17D1">Palaeontologia Electronica</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="DA0D5F84BF696411E89F48EAAC937158">
|
||
<mods:date id="D965CFFED2EA5FFD3EC5E2F5FB856BAC">2024</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="7F50B7FABA0B2EE2078F356AA543243F" type="series">
|
||
<mods:title id="36E6B5EF39562EB7749F822DDB480A9C">a 2</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="39990963B81F49C7889394B1579EDF3F" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="C49271CF569FB2AAF0AE8435806E5C21">27</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A968C33454DF1D82FAD4729562FDB9E7" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="23B8365FF1D8AE0349A1732A72C7F7D8">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="AF91800DA69279119E8CDEB7396EA806" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="76C72779A515C804506E5A5E2CA60459">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="CDA269FCCF7942CECAD7C10EAF5F3C5A">42</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="217C36C1EF76C59DC10BEFF1DBCE3EFE">
|
||
<mods:url id="AE3072D2D331EDBD95972FCA1414BEBA">http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1220</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="4988C2DF182F58B9D5C996407FACD1AC">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="96018D90D9A5281A8E8B438F8BDB5AAE" type="DOI">10.26879/1220</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F88CC6542B999B3BAE5CD2233DC95B82" type="ISSN">1094-8074</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BF2755E0487D780A9E7EA6FCA5056B82" type="Zenodo-Dep">10962250</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03B387E8FFA0320387A1FE299C03FD86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387E8FFA0320387A1FE299C03FD86" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387E8FFA0320387A1FE299C03FD86" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA0320387A1FE299A63FDDC" box="[209,775,497,525]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA0320387A1FE299A63FDDC" blockId="8.[209,775,497,557]" box="[209,775,497,525]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="D0ED8192FFA0320387A1FE299A63FDDC" box="[209,775,497,525]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA0320387A1FE299B9EFDD4" authority="Brattstrom, 1958" authorityName="Brattstrom" authorityYear="1958" box="[209,762,499,525]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prebottae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA0320387A1FE29984AFDD5" box="[209,302,499,524]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Charina</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA03203862AFE299B4AFDD4" box="[346,558,499,525]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Charina prebottae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA032038546FE2E9B9EFDD4" author="Brattstrom, B. H." box="[566,762,500,525]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="5 - 12" refId="ref18201" refString="Brattstrom, B. H. 1958. New records of Cenozoic amphibians and reptiles from California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 57: 5 - 12." type="journal article" year="1958">Brattstrom, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<superScript id="7C6F9BB6FFA03203858BFE2B9A63FDDC" attach="right" box="[763,775,497,517]" fontSize="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">†</superScript>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA0320386CBFDCE9B79FDF4" box="[443,541,532,557]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA0320386CBFDCE9B79FDF4" blockId="8.[209,775,497,557]" box="[443,541,532,557]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A7BFFA0320386CBFDCE9B79FDF4" box="[443,541,532,557]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[192,283,1562,1585]" captionTargetBox="[188,1439,166,1541]" captionTargetId="figure-113@9.[188,1439,166,1541]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Trunk vertebra of Charina cf. Charina prebottae from the Penny Creek local fauna. From top left: dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, and lateral views (anterior to the left). Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10962260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10962260/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA0320387B0FDE49857FDAE" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA0320387B0FDE49857FDAE" blockId="8.[192,793,574,1911]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA0320387B0FDE49848FD8E" bold="true" box="[192,300,574,599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE3BFFA03203864BFDE498EDFD81" box="[315,393,574,600]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" name="University of Nebraska State Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">UNSM</collectionCode>
|
||
139981 (posterior middle trunk vertebra).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA0320387B0FDA49B70FAAE" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA0320387B0FDA49B70FAAE" blockId="8.[192,793,574,1911]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA0320387B0FDA4983EFD4E" bold="true" box="[192,346,638,663]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The vertebra appears near square in shape from dorsal view, but is slightly wider at the prezygapophyses than the postzygapophyses. The postzygapophyses are rounded, while the prezygapophyses are moderately pointed with reduced accessory processes, and are raised antero-laterally. The neural spine is low, broad, and is longer than it is tall or wide. The top of the neural spine is weathered, but this does not appear to affect the overall shape of the neural spine in dorsal view. The neural spine tapers in width anteriorly and is incised posteriorly. The zygosphene is dorsally flat and v-shaped overall, with somewhat rounded lateral edges that extend slightly forward on the anterior face. In anterior view, the zygosphene is concave. The neural arch is somewhat flattened and deeply incised posteriorly. The cotyle is round and mildly angled ventrally, with the dorsal edge extending more anteriorly and the ventral edge extending more posteriorly. Paracotylar foramina are absent. The hemal keel is wide, flat, and smooth ending just before reaching the condylar head. It is bordered laterally by a flat indentation, primarily on the anterior end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA0320387B0FAA49C03FD86" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA0320387B0FAA49C03FD86" blockId="8.[192,793,574,1911]" lastBlockId="8.[840,1440,166,607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA0320387B0FAA4985CFA4E" bold="true" box="[192,312,1406,1431]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The fossil described here is similar in size and morphology to known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA0320385CBFA449A7CFA6E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[699,792,1438,1463]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA0320385CBFA449A7CFA6E" box="[699,792,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Charina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above for description and comparisons with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA0320387B0FA049851FA2E" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1861" box="[192,309,1502,1527]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Lichanura" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA0320387B0FA049851FA2E" box="[192,309,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lichanura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA032038530FA049A7CFA2E" authorityName="Brattstrom" authorityYear="1958" box="[576,792,1502,1527]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prebottae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA032038530FA049A7CFA2E" box="[576,792,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Charina prebottae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from other
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF81CFFA032038690FA249B36F9CE" box="[480,594,1534,1559]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
|
||
localities, as it possesses a more strongly developed hemal keel when compared to the same vertebral region in extant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA0320386E8F9849BD2F9AE" authority="(Holman, 1987)" baseAuthorityName="Holman" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[408,694,1630,1655]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA0320386E8F9849891F9AE" box="[408,501,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Charina</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA032038575F9849BD4F9AE" author="Holman, J. A." box="[517,688,1630,1655]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="109 - 120" refId="ref19877" refString="Holman, J. A. 1987. Herpetofauna of the Egelhoff Site (Miocene: Barstovian) of north-central Nebraska. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 7: 109 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1987.10011646" type="journal article" year="1987">Holman, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and no break in the slope of the anterior neural spine in lateral view as it descends to the zygosphene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA03203859AF94498EBF90E" author="Bell, C. J. & Mead, J. I." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref17771" refString="Bell, C. J. and Mead, J. I. 1996. Charina Gray, 1849 (Boidae: Erycinae) from the Pleistocene of California. Herpetological Natural History, 4: 161 - 168." year="1996">Bell and Mead, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Other characters described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA0320387B0F90498F7F92E" author="Brattstrom, B. H." box="[192,403,1758,1783]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="5 - 12" refId="ref18201" refString="Brattstrom, B. H. 1958. New records of Cenozoic amphibians and reptiles from California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 57: 5 - 12." type="journal article" year="1958">Brattstrom (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA0320386B8F9049B3AF92E" authorityName="Brattstrom" authorityYear="1958" box="[456,606,1758,1783]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prebottae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA0320386B8F9049B3AF92E" box="[456,606,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. prebottae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may represent individual and intracolumnar variation as well as differences between his fossils from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF81CFFA032038503F8C49B87F8E1" box="[627,739,1822,1848]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
and the fossils from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF81CFFA0320386FCF8E49B67F88E" box="[396,515,1854,1879]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA032038562F8E49BADF88E" author="Holman, J. A." box="[530,713,1854,1879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref19958" refString="Holman, J. A. 2000. Fossil snakes of North America: Origin, evolution, distribution, paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book" year="2000">Holman (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA032038786F88498A9F8AE" authorityName="Brattstrom" authorityYear="1958" box="[246,461,1886,1911]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prebottae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA032038786F88498A9F8AE" box="[246,461,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Charina prebottae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also exhibits notable variation across a wide geographic area throughout the Miocene. Previous literature suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA03203823CFF1C9AF6FF26" authorityName="Brattstrom" authorityYear="1958" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prebottae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA03203823CFF1C9AF6FF26" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. prebottae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be a catch-all taxon for multiple species, as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA0320384C0FEDC9DF1FEC6" author="Brattstrom, B. H." box="[944,1173,262,287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="5 - 12" refId="ref18201" refString="Brattstrom, B. H. 1958. New records of Cenozoic amphibians and reptiles from California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 57: 5 - 12." type="journal article" year="1958">Brattstrom’s (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
un-illustrated account and subsequent illustrated accounts do not completely match, warranting further in-depth study (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA03203843FFEBC9D38FEA6" author="Bell, C. J. & Mead, J. I." box="[847,1116,358,383]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref17771" refString="Bell, C. J. and Mead, J. I. 1996. Charina Gray, 1849 (Boidae: Erycinae) from the Pleistocene of California. Herpetological Natural History, 4: 161 - 168." year="1996">Bell and Mead, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA03203831DFEBC9C44FEA6" author="Holman, J. A." box="[1133,1312,358,383]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref19958" refString="Holman, J. A. 2000. Fossil snakes of North America: Origin, evolution, distribution, paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book" year="2000">Holman, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although this vertebra is weathered and missing the extreme parts of several of its structures, it exhibits features of the neural spine (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA032038321FE1C9C40FE06" author="Brattstrom, B. H." box="[1105,1316,454,479]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="5 - 12" refId="ref18201" refString="Brattstrom, B. H. 1958. New records of Cenozoic amphibians and reptiles from California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 57: 5 - 12." type="journal article" year="1958">Brattstrom, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA032038248FE1C9A87FE26" author="Bell, C. J. & Mead, J. I." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref17771" refString="Bell, C. J. and Mead, J. I. 1996. Charina Gray, 1849 (Boidae: Erycinae) from the Pleistocene of California. Herpetological Natural History, 4: 161 - 168." year="1996">Bell and Mead, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and hemal keel (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA032038393FE3C9CFEFE26" author="Holman, J. A." box="[1251,1434,486,511]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref19958" refString="Holman, J. A. 2000. Fossil snakes of North America: Origin, evolution, distribution, paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book" year="2000">Holman, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) matching those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA032038350FDDC9DD6FDC6" authorityName="Brattstrom" authorityYear="1958" box="[1056,1202,518,543]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prebottae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA032038350FDDC9DD6FDC6" box="[1056,1202,518,543]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. prebottae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As such, we confer this vertebra to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA032038370FDFC9DF7FDE6" authorityName="Brattstrom" authorityYear="1958" box="[1024,1171,550,575]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prebottae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA032038370FDFC9DF7FDE6" box="[1024,1171,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. prebottae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until the taxon is more comprehensively assessed and re-diagnosed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |