669 lines
97 KiB
XML
669 lines
97 KiB
XML
<document id="AA738373755C29ACD54000D9B98C6DED" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.179966" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e525ceca-8ed3-4615-a84e-f5a451bfc6ef" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="179966" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460022725614" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Suárez-Morales, Eduardo" docDate="2007" docId="03A8EC09FF93FFD4FF0453861F28F8A4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01662p033.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1662" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cymbasoma bullatum A. Scott 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FF919471FF92FFD3FF93510C1B3AFFD7" masterDocTitle="Historical record and supplementary description of Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott) (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from the “ Albatross ” cruise in the Philippines" masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1698233788829" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9184F82D66CABC6998EAA9274261D7E6">Historical record and supplementary description of Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott) (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from the “ Albatross ” cruise in the Philippines</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FCA4E3EF9EA2C92F9672C5DCDD140814">Suárez-Morales, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6FC32AD7E8E56D448B2A9EF3F1C71893">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CA7A6D48CA77E1DD788C8FA539B940B8">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="40A5103B4F7B1258264569E70C2EE673">1662</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="92CA68E446E28F5F381D3BA729B3CA82" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.179966</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A8EC09FF93FFD4FF0453861F28F8A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6238264" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119381995" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6238264" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8EC09FF93FFD4FF0453861F28F8A4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8EC09FF93FFD4FF0453861F28F8A4" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection id="C31B0E94FF93FFD2FF0453861A2BFD10" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF93FFD2FF045386195CFD73" blockId="1.[151,614,650,711]" box="[151,614,650,676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
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<heading id="D0F6EA73FF93FFD2FF045386195CFD73" bold="true" box="[151,614,650,676]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF93FFD2FF045386195CFD73" authority="A. Scott, 1909" authorityName="A. Scott" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,614,650,676]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF93FFD2FF045386195CFD73" bold="true" box="[151,614,650,676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF93FFD2FF0453861AA5FD73" bold="true" box="[151,415,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Cymbasoma bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF93FFD2FE2353861964FD73" author="Scott" box="[432,606,650,676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="33" refString="Scott, A. (1909) The Copepoda of the Siboga Expedition. Part I. Free-swimming, littoral and semi-parasitic Copepoda. Siboga-Expeditie 29 a, 1 - 323, pls. 1 - 63." type="book chapter" year="1909">A. Scott, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF93FFD2FF0453A11A2BFD10" blockId="1.[151,614,650,711]" box="[151,273,685,711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A419AFF93FFD2FF0C53A11BDFFD10" box="[159,229,685,711]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[173,1418,197,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[156,1444,177,1958]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott, 1909), adult male from Recodo Bay, Mindanao. A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) habitus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179967/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
–3)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B0E94FF93FFD2FF0453F11E24FBA8" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF93FFD2FF0453F11E24FBA8" blockId="1.[151,1437,765,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF93FFD2FF0453F11AB0FCC0" bold="true" box="[151,394,765,791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAE3BDFF93FFD2FD8853F119B0FCC0" box="[539,650,765,791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, ethanol-preserved, undissected. Plankton collection, Siboga Expedition, Station 142, off Laiwui, Paternoster Islands, Moluccan Sea (approx.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE353BD8FF93FFD2FB9B52291FB8FCE8" box="[1032,1154,805,831]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" precision="15" value="-0.41027778">0°24'37"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE353BD8FF93FFD2FB1E52291E1DFCE8" box="[1165,1319,805,831]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" precision="15" value="127.60889">127°36'32"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Twentyone adult male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAE3BDFF93FFD2FEC352411AC6FCB0" box="[336,508,845,871]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, all broken and damaged to different degrees, ethanol-preserved, undissected. Plankton collection, Siboga Expedition, same locality, vial deposited in the Zoological Museum of the University of Amsterdam,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3161D8FFF93FFD2FE3552911957FC60" box="[422,621,925,951]" name="Netherlands" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">The Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, under catalogue number
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10C5DAFF93FFD2FC0F529118E7FC60" box="[924,989,925,951]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">ZMA</collectionCode>
|
||
201476. One adult male, vial deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10C5DAFF93FFD2FC6C52C91F6CFC08" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1023,1110,965,991]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
74006), Washington, D.C.,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3161D8FFF93FFD2FF0452E11BECFBD0" box="[151,214,1005,1031]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Caldera Bay, Sulu Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3161D8FFF93FFD2FD9552E119B7FBD0" box="[518,653,1005,1031]" name="Philippines" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, plankton trawl, surface waters, collected
|
||
<date id="FFBF7BDFFF93FFD2FB1D52E11E29FBD0" box="[1166,1299,1005,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">6 February</date>
|
||
, 1908. The label in the vial reads “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF93FFD2FE39551919E3FBF8" authority="Sars" authorityName="Sars" box="[426,729,1045,1071]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF93FFD2FE39551919A1FBF9" box="[426,667,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Monstrilla leucopsis</emphasis>
|
||
Sars
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF93FFD2FD665519182CFBF9" box="[757,790,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">sic</emphasis>
|
||
). Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF93FFD2FC3655191FAFFBF8" author="Wilson" box="[933,1173,1045,1071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="33" refString="Wilson, C. B. (1950) Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. Copepods gathered by the United States Fisheries Steamer " Albatross " from 1887 to 1909, chiefly in the Pacific Ocean. United States National Museum Bulletin, 100 (14, 4), ix + 141 - 441, pls. 2 - 36." type="journal article" year="1950">C. B. Wilson (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated Caldera Bay to be the sampled locality, the label indicates "Albatross" cruise sta. 5133. Station 5133 is located off Panabutan Pt., Mindanao (approx.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE353BD8FF93FFD2FE3E55691901FBA8" box="[429,571,1125,1151]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" precision="15" value="7.587778">07°35'16"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE353BD8FF93FFD2FDD5556919DAFBA8" box="[582,736,1125,1151]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" precision="15" value="122.13555">122°08'08"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). For a discussion of this discrepancy, see below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B0E94FF93FFD2FF5555811AE9FAB8" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF93FFD2FF5555811AE9FAB8" blockId="1.[151,1437,765,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF93FFD2FF5555811A7CFB70" bold="true" box="[198,326,1165,1191]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Cephalothorax long, cylindrical. Antero-ventral surface with protuberant preoral cone and pair of well-developed, nipple-like cuticular processes. Antennules with 5 free segments; geniculation between segments 4 and 5. Setal element on first segment extremely long, setulate. Fifth legs absent. Genital complex formed by pair of widely divergent, mamilliform genital lappets, with rounded process at insertion of lappets. Anal somite relatively large, with ventrally protruding anterior half. Caudal rami short, each ramus bearing 4 setae with expanded bases.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B0E94FF93FFD1FF5554711AC8F8F9" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF93FFD2FF55547118B6F8F0" blockId="1.[151,1437,765,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF93FFD2FF5554711931FA40" bold="true" box="[198,523,1405,1431]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Description of adult male.</emphasis>
|
||
Total body length (measured in dorsal view from anterior end of cephalothorax to posterior margin of anal somite): 1.62–1.74 mm, mean: 1.65 mm, N = 5. Cephalothorax 0.83–0.86 mm long, representing between 47% and 49% of total body length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A419AFF93FFD2FC1E54C118EEFA30" box="[909,980,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[173,1418,197,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[156,1444,177,1958]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott, 1909), adult male from Recodo Bay, Mindanao. A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) habitus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179967/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). Oral papilla moderately prominent, between 17% and 23% of way back along ventral surface of cephalothorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A419AFF93FFD2FB1E54F91FE2F9D8" box="[1165,1240,1525,1551]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[173,1418,197,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[156,1444,177,1958]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott, 1909), adult male from Recodo Bay, Mindanao. A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) habitus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179967/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C). Cephalic region slightly protuberant bilaterally in dorsal view. Pair of dorsal ocelli present, weakly developed; pigment cups relatively small in Mindanao specimen, larger in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAE3BDFF93FFD2FCB05749186CF988" box="[803,854,1605,1631]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material from Laiwui. These ocelli separated by the length of two (Mindanao) or less than one (Laiwui) eye diameters; lightly pigmented in both cases. Ventral ocellus relatively small, not easily distinguishable. No sensillae observed on anterior part of cephalic region. Antero-ventral surface of head between antennulary bases and oral papilla bearing pair of horn-like cuticular processes and large, ventral conical process between them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A419AFF93FFD2FCFB57E9188FF928" box="[872,949,1765,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,211,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[145,1461,194,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott, 1909), adult male from Recodo Bay, Mindanao. A) left antennule, dorsal, showing setal nomenclature of Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995) for segments 1 to 4 and Huys et al. (2007) for the distal segment; B) right antennule, dorsal, labeled as in (A); C) cephalic region, ventral, showing protuberance and adjacent cuticular processes; D) cephalic processes, lateral view; E) genital lappets, ventral view; F) urosome and caudal rami (caudal setae cut short), lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179968/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D). Pair of usual nipple-like cuticular processes with convergent striae set to either side of oral papilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF93FFD1FF5456391F2AFD77" blockId="1.[151,1437,765,2031]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,1192]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Antennulary length 0.42 mm in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAE3BDFF93FFD2FDDF56391944F898" box="[588,638,1845,1871]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens from Laiwui, 0.53 mm in Mindanao specimen. Antennules representing between 27% and 31% of total body length, and 66–68% of cephalothorax length. As usual in male monstrilloids, antennule 5-segmented, all segments separated, with segment 5 distal to geniculation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A419AFF93FFD2FF0C56A11BD0F810" box="[159,234,1965,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,211,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[145,1461,194,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott, 1909), adult male from Recodo Bay, Mindanao. A) left antennule, dorsal, showing setal nomenclature of Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995) for segments 1 to 4 and Huys et al. (2007) for the distal segment; B) right antennule, dorsal, labeled as in (A); C) cephalic region, ventral, showing protuberance and adjacent cuticular processes; D) cephalic processes, lateral view; E) genital lappets, ventral view; F) urosome and caudal rami (caudal setae cut short), lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179968/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B). Length ratio of antennulary segments, from first to fifth: 15.6: 23.1: 13.7: 26.8: 20.8 (= 100). In lectotypic material many setae and spines missing or broken off, mainly those on distal segment. In Mindanao specimen, armature almost complete, summarized as follows: segments 1–5 armed with 1-0;
|
||
<date id="FFBF7BDFFF90FFD1FB4751941E38FF65" box="[1236,1282,152,178]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">1-V</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFBF7BDFFF90FFD1FA9D51941E09FF65" box="[1294,1331,152,178]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">2-I</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFBF7BDFFF90FFD1FAAC51941E42FF65" box="[1343,1400,152,178]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">3-III</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFBF7BDFFF90FFD1FA1751941B90FF0D" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">6- II</date>
|
||
setae (in Arabic numbers) and spines (in Roman numbers), respectively. In terms of basic setal nomenclature of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF90FFD1FF6251E4197CFED5" author="Grygier" box="[241,582,232,258]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Grygier, M. J. & Ohtsuka, S. (1995) SEM observation of the nauplius of Monstrilla hamatapex, new species, from Japan and an example of upgraded descriptive standards for monstrilloid copepods. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 15, 703 - 719." type="journal article" year="1995">Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for female monstrilloid copepod antennules, most setal elements were identified. For setal elements on the fifth segment the nomenclature proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF90FFD1FBCA501C1E15FEFD" box="[1113,1327,272,298]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Huys, R., Llewellyn-Hughes, J., Conroy-Dalton, S., Olson, P. D., Spinks, J. N. & Johnston, D. A. (2007) Extraordinary host switching in siphonostomatoid copepods and the demise of the Monstrilloida: Integrating molecular data, ontogeny and antennulary morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43, 368 - 378." type="journal article">Huys et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was also compared (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A419AFF90FFD1FE8850341A5FFE85" box="[283,357,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,211,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[145,1461,194,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott, 1909), adult male from Recodo Bay, Mindanao. A) left antennule, dorsal, showing setal nomenclature of Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995) for segments 1 to 4 and Huys et al. (2007) for the distal segment; B) right antennule, dorsal, labeled as in (A); C) cephalic region, ventral, showing protuberance and adjacent cuticular processes; D) cephalic processes, lateral view; E) genital lappets, ventral view; F) urosome and caudal rami (caudal setae cut short), lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179968/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B). Setal element 1 on first segment noticeably long, biserially setulate, relatively longer in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAE3BDFF90FFD1FF25506C1BD2FEAD" box="[182,232,352,378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens, reaching proximal 1/3 of fourth segment, but in Mindanao specimen only reaching distal margin of third segment. Antennulary elements
|
||
<date id="FFBF7BDFFF90FFD1FD42508419D4FE75" box="[721,750,392,418]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">2v</date>
|
||
1-3, 2d1,2, and IId present on second segment, with element 2d2 particularly long in both Laiwui and Mindanao specimens and strongly developed, bearing transverse ornamentations along shaft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A419AFF90FFD1FE7150D11912FE20" box="[482,552,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,211,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[145,1461,194,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott, 1909), adult male from Recodo Bay, Mindanao. A) left antennule, dorsal, showing setal nomenclature of Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995) for segments 1 to 4 and Huys et al. (2007) for the distal segment; B) right antennule, dorsal, labeled as in (A); C) cephalic region, ventral, showing protuberance and adjacent cuticular processes; D) cephalic processes, lateral view; E) genital lappets, ventral view; F) urosome and caudal rami (caudal setae cut short), lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179968/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A; Suárez-Morales 2001: fig. 26). Elements IIId, IIIv, and 3 present on third segment (only element 3 present in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAE3BDFF90FFD1FDD253091988FDC8" box="[577,690,517,543]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
). Fourth segment with elements 4d1,2,
|
||
<date id="FFBF7BDFFF90FFD1FBE653091FA8FDC8" box="[1141,1170,517,543]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">4v</date>
|
||
1– 3, IVd, and IVv; IVd present in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAE3BDFF90FFD1FE87533D1A45FD9C" box="[276,383,561,587]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
only. Fifth segment with 5 “b”-group setae, elements b1-b3 dichotomously branched distally; element 6 1 present in distal position. As for
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF90FFD1FD4C5357188EFDA2" box="[735,948,603,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Huys, R., Llewellyn-Hughes, J., Conroy-Dalton, S., Olson, P. D., Spinks, J. N. & Johnston, D. A. (2007) Extraordinary host switching in siphonostomatoid copepods and the demise of the Monstrilloida: Integrating molecular data, ontogeny and antennulary morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43, 368 - 378." type="journal article">Huys et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
setal nomenclature of the distal segment, elements A–E and 1–4 present from integrated armature of both antennules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF90FFD1FF5453A21969FB57" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1192]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">First pedigerous thoracic somite incorporated into cephalothorax. This tagma and succeeding 3 pedigers each bearing well-developed swimming legs. Coxa of each pair unarmed, joined by intercoxal sclerite slightly longer than wide. Basis separated from coxa posteriorly by diagonal articulation. Exopods of legs 1–4 longer than endopods. Usual seta on outer margin of basis of swimming legs 1–4 not observed, possibly broken off in all specimens examined. All swimming legs with 3-segmented rami and same armament pattern, except for leg 1 exopod with its usual reduced pattern of 5 rather than 6 elements total on third segment (Fig. 3A). Outer distal corner of first and third exopodal segments of legs 1–4 each with short, spinelike seta, about 1/3 as long as bearing segment. All natatory setae biserially setulate, except for stout distal seta on third exopodal segments of legs 1–4. Outer distal spiniform seta on leg 1 naked along outer margin, inner margin armed with short setules (Fig. 3A); corresponding seta on legs 2–4 with row of small denticles along outer margin, inner margin setulate (Figs 3B–D). Inner seta on first exopodal segment of leg 1 relatively longer than that on any other of the swimming legs (Fig. 3A).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF90FFD1FF5455821943FB7F" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1192]" box="[199,633,1166,1192]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Armature formula of legs as follows:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF90FFD1FEEF55C51F99FAE2" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<table id="F901AFBFFF90002CFF0C55C51F99FAE2" box="[159,1187,1225,1333]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<tr id="35315F5DFF90002CFF0C55C51F99FB37" box="[159,1187,1225,1248]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76E03621FF90002CFEEF55C51A94FB37" box="[380,430,1225,1248]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">coxa</th>
|
||
<th id="76E03621FF90002CFDD955C51945FB37" box="[586,639,1225,1248]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">basis</th>
|
||
<th id="76E03621FF90002CFCB455C51F99FB37" box="[807,1187,1225,1248]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">exopod endopod</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35315F5DFF90002CFF0C55F81F99FADC" box="[159,1187,1268,1291]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="76E03621FF90002CFF0C55F81A3BFADC" box="[159,257,1268,1291]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Leg 1</th>
|
||
<td id="76E03621FF90002CFEEF55F81A94FADC" box="[380,430,1268,1291]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">0-0</td>
|
||
<td id="76E03621FF90002CFDD955F81945FADC" box="[586,639,1268,1291]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">0-0?</td>
|
||
<td id="76E03621FF90002CFCB455F81F99FADC" box="[807,1187,1268,1291]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">I-1; 0-1; I,2,2 0-1; 0-1; 1,2,2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35315F5DFF90002CFF0C54121F99FAE2" box="[159,1187,1310,1333]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="76E03621FF90002CFF0C54121A3BFAE2" box="[159,257,1310,1333]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Legs 2–4</th>
|
||
<td id="76E03621FF90002CFEEF54121A94FAE2" box="[380,430,1310,1333]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">0-0</td>
|
||
<td id="76E03621FF90002CFDD954121945FAE2" box="[586,639,1310,1333]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">0-0?</td>
|
||
<td id="76E03621FF90002CFCB454121F99FAE2" box="[807,1187,1310,1333]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">I-1; 0-1; I,2,3 0-1; 0-1; 1,2,2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF90FFD1FF545488180BF959" blockId="2.[151,1437,1412,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Urosome consisting of 4 somites: fifth pedigerous somite (fifth legs absent, as usual in males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF90FFD1FACF54881BC8FA12" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF90FFD1FACF54881BC8FA12" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Cymbasoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), genital somite (containing genital complex), single preanal somite, and anal somite. Genital complex represented by pair of strongly divergent, cylindrical, and distally mammilliform genital lappets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A419AFF90FFD1FAFE54D81B9DF9C1" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,211,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[145,1461,194,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott, 1909), adult male from Recodo Bay, Mindanao. A) left antennule, dorsal, showing setal nomenclature of Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995) for segments 1 to 4 and Huys et al. (2007) for the distal segment; B) right antennule, dorsal, labeled as in (A); C) cephalic region, ventral, showing protuberance and adjacent cuticular processes; D) cephalic processes, lateral view; E) genital lappets, ventral view; F) urosome and caudal rami (caudal setae cut short), lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179968/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E), these being moderately elongated and dorsally directed in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A419AFF90FFD1FB9C54F01F6CF9C1" box="[1039,1110,1532,1558]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,211,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[145,1461,194,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott, 1909), adult male from Recodo Bay, Mindanao. A) left antennule, dorsal, showing setal nomenclature of Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995) for segments 1 to 4 and Huys et al. (2007) for the distal segment; B) right antennule, dorsal, labeled as in (A); C) cephalic region, ventral, showing protuberance and adjacent cuticular processes; D) cephalic processes, lateral view; E) genital lappets, ventral view; F) urosome and caudal rami (caudal setae cut short), lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179968/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F), reaching to midlength of long preanal somite. Rounded process present at common basal joint of lappets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A419AFF90FFD1FBC157281FA3F9E9" box="[1106,1177,1572,1598]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,211,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[145,1461,194,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott, 1909), adult male from Recodo Bay, Mindanao. A) left antennule, dorsal, showing setal nomenclature of Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995) for segments 1 to 4 and Huys et al. (2007) for the distal segment; B) right antennule, dorsal, labeled as in (A); C) cephalic region, ventral, showing protuberance and adjacent cuticular processes; D) cephalic processes, lateral view; E) genital lappets, ventral view; F) urosome and caudal rami (caudal setae cut short), lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179968/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Anal somite about twice as long as genital somite, comprising 34-37% of urosome length, ventrally protuberant in anterior half; faint suture visible on ventral surface only (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A419AFF90FFD1FD06577819E1F959" box="[661,731,1652,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[173,1418,197,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[156,1444,177,1958]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott, 1909), adult male from Recodo Bay, Mindanao. A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) habitus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179967/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 2F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF90FFD1FF5457901F1DF8D1" blockId="2.[151,1437,1412,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Caudal rami subquadrate, approximately as long as wide (Fig. 3E). Each ramus with 4 basally expanded setae (3 terminal and 1 subterminal); some setae broken in Mindanao specimen; only 3 broken setae present in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAE3BDFF90FFD1FF0457E01A3FF8D1" box="[151,261,1772,1798]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, outermost one absent on both rami (Suárez-Morales, 2001: fig. 23).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF90FFD1FF55561F1AC8F8F9" blockId="2.[151,1437,1412,2038]" box="[198,498,1811,1838]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF90FFD1FF55561F1A55F8FA" bold="true" box="[198,367,1811,1837]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Adult female.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B0E94FF90FFD5FF5556371EA6F830" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF90FFD0FF5556371819FF0D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1412,2038]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF90FFD1FF5556371A05F882" bold="true" box="[198,319,1851,1877]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In his report on the copepods collected during the "Siboga" expedition,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF90FFD1FB4956301EA6F881" author="Scott" box="[1242,1436,1852,1878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Scott, A. (1909) The Copepoda of the Siboga Expedition. Part I. Free-swimming, littoral and semi-parasitic Copepoda. Siboga-Expeditie 29 a, 1 - 323, pls. 1 - 63." type="book chapter" year="1909">A. Scott (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included several records of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF90FFD1FDCA566819C3F8A9" box="[601,761,1892,1918]" class="Maxillopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Monstrilloida</taxonomicName>
|
||
that were collected from the Paternoster Islands; this is a colonial-period name that is not used anymore. However, as discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF90FFD1FBBA56801E77F871" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[1065,1357,1932,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (2000 b) A new species and new geographic records of Monstrilla (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from the Philippines. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 20, 680 - 686." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="b">Suárez-Morales (2000b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, some known localities of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3161D8FFF90FFD1FE3A56B81921F819" box="[425,539,1972,1998]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea retained their indigenous toponyms, such as Obi Major and Laiwui, and these are mentioned as part of the Paternoster Islands. Hence, the type-locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF90FFD1FBC156D01FE6F822" box="[1106,1244,2012,2037]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF90FFD1FBC156D01FE6F822" box="[1106,1244,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">C. bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was determined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FF2E51941AE6FF65" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[189,476,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (2000 b) A new species and new geographic records of Monstrilla (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from the Philippines. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 20, 680 - 686." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="b">Suárez-Morales (2000b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as being off Laiwui, southwestern coast of Mindanao, in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3161D8FFF91FFD0FB2A51941E11FF65" box="[1209,1323,152,178]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||
archipelago (see geographic coordinates in Material examined).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF91FFD0FF5451E418B5FDBD" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Determining the geographic location of the "Albatross" record along the coast of Mindanao also represented a problem because of the discrepancy between the station number and the site name inscribed on the label. The sampling site indicated is Caldera Bay Anchorage, but the actual location of the station number on the label (sta. 5133 of the "Albatross" series) is in Panabutan Bay. Caldera Bay is currently known as Recodo Bay (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE353BD8FF91FFD0FF4A50841A5DFE75" box="[217,359,392,418]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" precision="15" value="6.9508333">06°57'03"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE353BD8FF91FFD0FEE650841934FE75" box="[373,526,392,418]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" precision="15" value="121.96917">121°58'09"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), which is located on the southwest coast of Mindanao. According to C. B. Wilson's (1950) data, Caldera (Recodo) Bay, the Butaritari Lagoon, Makin Island, and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3161D8FFF91FFD0FB2C50BC1E2FFE1D" box="[1215,1301,432,458]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
Strait were the only sites where monstrilloid copepods were collected. No monstrilloid was reported from station 5133 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FF33530C1AB0FDCD" author="Wilson" box="[160,394,512,538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Wilson, C. B. (1950) Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. Copepods gathered by the United States Fisheries Steamer " Albatross " from 1887 to 1909, chiefly in the Pacific Ocean. United States National Museum Bulletin, 100 (14, 4), ix + 141 - 441, pls. 2 - 36." type="journal article" year="1950">C. B. Wilson 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The fact that this male was labeled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FCED530C1F2CFDCE" box="[894,1046,512,537]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FCED530C1F2CFDCE" box="[894,1046,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">M. leucopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FBB8530C1F76FDCE" box="[1067,1100,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">sic</emphasis>
|
||
) by C.B. Wilson, a species recorded in Caldera Bay, suggests that the station number was mistakenly inscribed and the actual locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FF04535C1A1BFDBE" box="[151,289,592,617]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FF04535C1A1BFDBE" box="[151,289,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3161D8FFF91FFD0FEE2535C1ACFFDBD" box="[369,501,592,618]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
is Recodo Bay and not Panabutan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF91FFD0FF54537418EBFCE5" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The Mindanao specimen is in exceptionally good condition considering the long time elapsed (almost one century) since it was originally collected. The same is true for other copepods collected in this campaign (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FF0C53C41A9AFD35" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[159,416,712,738]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (1996) A new species of Cymbasoma (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from the Sulu Sea, Philippines. Beaufortia, 46, 97 - 104." type="journal article" year="1996">Suárez-Morales 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the appendages are stiff and fragile, and dissection was not attempted, even after glycerin treatment. Some structures (setae and aesthetascs) are missing or broken off, as described. Despite this, it was possible to complete the description of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF91FFD0FF54524C1E3DFB4D" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The male specimen studied here can be included in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FC3A524C1F00FC8E" box="[937,1082,832,857]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FC3A524C1F00FC8E" box="[937,1082,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Cymbasoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the presence of two free postgenital somites and the unmodified structure of the geniculate antennule (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FBCC52641FDEFC55" author="Isaac" box="[1119,1252,872,898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Isaac, M. J. (1975) Copepoda, Sub-order: Monstrilloida. Fiches d'Identification du Zooplancton, 144 / 145, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1975">Isaac 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The presence, as observed herein, of four caudal setae is among the main characters defining the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FB22529C1916FC05" authority="Sars, 1921 (Suarez-Morales et al. 2006)" authorityName="Sars, 1921 (Suarez-Morales et al." authorityYear="2006" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrillopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FB22529C1E61FC7E" box="[1201,1371,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Monstrillopsis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FAF1529C1BE8FC05" author="Sars" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida & Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, 91 pp., pls. I - XXXVII." type="book" year="1921">Sars, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FF7352B4191EFC05" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[224,548,952,978]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E., Bello-Smith, A. & Palma, S. (2006) A revision of the genus Monstrillopsis Sars (Crustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida) with description of a new species from Chile. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 245, 95 - 107." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Suárez-Morales
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FE3052B41AECFC06" box="[419,470,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but there are other males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FCEC52B41F2AFC06" box="[895,1040,952,977]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FCEC52B41F2AFC06" box="[895,1040,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Cymbasoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bearing four caudal setae:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FADF52B4193DFC2D" authority="Desai & Krishnaswamy, 1962" authorityName="Desai & Krishnaswamy" authorityYear="1962" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FADF52B41EA7FC06" box="[1356,1437,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. bali</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FF0452EC193DFC2D" author="Desai" box="[151,519,992,1018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Desai, H. V. & Krishnaswamy, S. (1962) Cymbasoma bali, a new species of monstrilloid copepod from the Bombay plankton. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, 55 B, 163 - 166." type="journal article" year="1962">Desai & Krishnaswamy, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FD8A52EC1FBAFC2D" authority="Suarez-Morales & Escamilla, 1997" authorityName="Suarez-Morales & Escamilla" authorityYear="1997" box="[537,1152,992,1018]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelemense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FD8A52EC19FDFC2E" box="[537,711,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. chelemense</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FD4052EC1FBAFC2D" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[723,1152,992,1018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. & Escamilla, J. B. (1997) An undescribed monstrilloid copepod (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from the northern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science, 61, 539 - 547." type="journal article" year="1997">Suárez-Morales & Escamilla, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FB0152EC1BE1FBF5" authority="Isaac, 1975" authorityName="Isaac" authorityYear="1975" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumorifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FB0152EC1E79FC2E" box="[1170,1347,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. tumorifrons</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FAC452EC1BE9FBF5" author="Isaac" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Isaac, M. J. (1975) Copepoda, Sub-order: Monstrilloida. Fiches d'Identification du Zooplancton, 144 / 145, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1975">Isaac, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FE8C5504191AFBF5" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[287,544,1032,1058]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (1999) Redescription of the male of Cymbasoma tumorifrons (Isaac, 1975) from the Mediterranean Sea (Copepoda: Monstrilloida). Arthropoda Selecta, 8, 67 - 71." type="journal article" year="1999">Suárez-Morales 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FDAB55041F26FBF5" authority="Suarez-Morales & Dias, 2001" authorityName="Suarez-Morales & Dias" authorityYear="2001" box="[568,1052,1032,1058]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rochai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FDAB55041990FBF6" box="[568,682,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. rochai</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FD2055041F26FBF5" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[691,1052,1032,1058]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. & Dias, C. (2001) Taxonomic report of some monstrilloids (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from Brazil with description of four new species. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 71, 65 - 81." type="journal article" year="2001">Suárez-Morales & Dias, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FBB855041EADFBF5" authority="Thompson, 1888" authorityName="Thompson" authorityYear="1888" box="[1067,1431,1032,1058]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rigidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FBB855041F96FBF6" box="[1067,1196,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. rigidum</emphasis>
|
||
(Thompson, 1888)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FF5F553C19E1FB9D" authority="Suarez-Morales, 1994" authorityName="Suarez-Morales" authorityYear="1994" box="[204,731,1072,1098]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quintanarooense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FF5F553C1A8CFB9E" box="[204,438,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. quintanarooense</emphasis>
|
||
(Suárez-Morales, 1994)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FCB3553C1F15FB9D" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[800,1071,1072,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (2000 a) The male of Cymbasoma quintanarooense (Suarez-Morales) (Copepoda, Monstrilloida) from the Caribbean with an identification key for the known males of Cymbasoma. Sarsia, 85, 203 - 210." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Suárez-Morales 2000a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FBAC553C1F44FB9D" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[1087,1150,1072,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (2003) Three species of monstrilloids (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from Banco Chinchorro, Mexican Caribbean Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science, 73, 63 - 75." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on the reduced urosomal segmentation and the absence of other diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FB9255541F90FBA6" box="[1025,1194,1112,1137]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrillopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FB9255541F90FBA6" box="[1025,1194,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Monstrillopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they are all assignable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FF7E558C1A44FB4E" box="[237,382,1152,1177]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FF7E558C1A44FB4E" box="[237,382,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Cymbasoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a taxon in which the number of furcal setae is related to sexual dimorphism.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF91FFD0FF5455A41E5EFAB5" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The male specimen from Mindanao was identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FCA855A418FFFB16" box="[827,965,1192,1217]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FCA855A418FFFB16" box="[827,965,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly by the combined presence of: 1) a distinctly long and strongly developed setal element 1 on the first antennulary segment; 2) two horn-like processes and a strong medial process on the antero-ventral surface of the cephalic area; 3) the structure of the genital lappets; 4) the relatively large anal somite; and 5) the expanded bases of caudal seta. In addition, the proportions of the urosomites match, this being a character used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FC2254441F5CFAB5" author="Scott" box="[945,1126,1352,1378]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Scott, A. (1909) The Copepoda of the Siboga Expedition. Part I. Free-swimming, littoral and semi-parasitic Copepoda. Siboga-Expeditie 29 a, 1 - 323, pls. 1 - 63." type="book chapter" year="1909">A. Scott (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to define the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF91FFD0FF54547C1BD9F835" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The structure of the genital lappets is one of the main characters to distinguish species of male monstrilloids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FF7054941A51FA65" author="Isaac" box="[227,363,1432,1458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Isaac, M. J. (1975) Copepoda, Sub-order: Monstrilloida. Fiches d'Identification du Zooplancton, 144 / 145, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1975">Isaac 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FEE854941911FA65" author="McAlice" box="[379,555,1432,1458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="McAlice, B. J. (1985) On the male of Monstrilla helgolandica Claus (Copepoda, Monstrilloida). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 5, 627 - 634." type="journal article" year="1985">McAlice 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FDA854941877FA65" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[571,845,1432,1458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (2000 a) The male of Cymbasoma quintanarooense (Suarez-Morales) (Copepoda, Monstrilloida) from the Caribbean with an identification key for the known males of Cymbasoma. Sarsia, 85, 203 - 210." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Suárez-Morales 2000a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Particularly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FB8854941F96FA66" box="[1051,1196,1432,1457]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FB8854941F96FA66" box="[1051,1196,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Cymbasoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the genital lappets have a narrow range of variation. Being widely divergent and with a mammiliform or acute shape on the distal end, the male genital lappets of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FDB054E4198BF9D6" box="[547,689,1512,1537]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FDB054E4198BF9D6" box="[547,689,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FC4554E41F9DF9D6" box="[982,1191,1512,1537]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FC4554E41F9DF9D6" box="[982,1191,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. longispinosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FB7F54E41E52F9D5" author="Sars" box="[1260,1384,1512,1538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida & Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, 91 pp., pls. I - XXXVII." type="book" year="1921">Sars 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FA1254E41AC2F9FD" authority="Giesbrecht, 1893" authorityName="Giesbrecht" authorityYear="1893" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thompsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FA1254E41A2BF9FE" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. thompsoni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FEB2571C1AD5F9FD" author="Giesbrecht" box="[289,495,1552,1578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Giesbrecht, W. (1893) Systematik und Faunistik der pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes Neapel. Monographie, 19, 1 - 831, Atlas von 54 Tafeln nebst den Tafelerklarungen." type="book chapter" year="1893">Giesbrecht, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FD97571C183DF9FD" authority="Isaac, 1975" authorityName="Isaac" authorityYear="1975" box="[516,775,1552,1578]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenue">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FD97571C195CF9FE" box="[516,614,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. tenue</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FDE5571C19C5F9FD" author="Isaac" box="[630,767,1552,1578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Isaac, M. J. (1975) Copepoda, Sub-order: Monstrilloida. Fiches d'Identification du Zooplancton, 144 / 145, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1975">Isaac, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FCD4571C1FEAF9FD" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[839,1232,1552,1578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. & Riccardi, N. (1997) Redescription and first record of Cymbasoma tenue (Isaac, 1975) (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) in the Mediterranean Sea. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 110, 99 - 106." type="journal article" year="1997">Suárez-Morales & Riccardi 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FB76571C1E5FF9FE" box="[1253,1381,1552,1577]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rigidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FB76571C1E5FF9FE" box="[1253,1381,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. rigidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FF0457341A2FF985" author="Sars" box="[151,277,1592,1618]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida & Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, 91 pp., pls. I - XXXVII." type="book" year="1921">Sars 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FEA357341ABFF986" box="[304,389,1592,1617]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FEA357341ABFF986" box="[304,389,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. bali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FE0957341970F986" box="[410,586,1592,1617]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelemense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FE0957341970F986" box="[410,586,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. chelemense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FDCD57341871F986" box="[606,843,1592,1617]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quintanarooense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FDCD57341871F986" box="[606,843,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. quintanarooense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FC0757341F9CF985" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[916,1190,1592,1618]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (2000 a) The male of Cymbasoma quintanarooense (Suarez-Morales) (Copepoda, Monstrilloida) from the Caribbean with an identification key for the known males of Cymbasoma. Sarsia, 85, 203 - 210." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Suárez-Morales 2000a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FB2457341FCCF985" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[1207,1270,1592,1618]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (2003) Three species of monstrilloids (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from Banco Chinchorro, Mexican Caribbean Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science, 73, 63 - 75." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FA8357341AA6F9AD" authority="Suarez-Morales, 1996" authorityName="Suarez-Morales" authorityYear="1996" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mcalicei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FA8357341EA6F986" box="[1296,1436,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. mcalicei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FF04576C1AA6F9AD" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[151,412,1632,1658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (1996) A new species of Cymbasoma (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from the Sulu Sea, Philippines. Beaufortia, 46, 97 - 104." type="journal article" year="1996">Suárez-Morales, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FE3B576C196EF9AE" box="[424,596,1632,1657]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumorifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FE3B576C196EF9AE" box="[424,596,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. tumorifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FD01576C18B7F9AD" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[658,909,1632,1658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (1999) Redescription of the male of Cymbasoma tumorifrons (Isaac, 1975) from the Mediterranean Sea (Copepoda: Monstrilloida). Arthropoda Selecta, 8, 67 - 71." type="journal article" year="1999">Suárez-Morales 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FC55576C1EB4F9AD" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[966,1422,1632,1658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. & Alvarez-Silva, C. (2001) Cymbasoma tumorifrons (Copepoda: Monstrilloida): an expanded description based on a new collection from the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Pacific Science, 55, 183 - 189." type="journal article" year="2001">Suárez-Morales & Alvarez-Silva 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FF5B57841A0CF976" box="[200,310,1672,1697]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rochai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FF5B57841A0CF976" box="[200,310,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. rochai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast, other known males of this genus have lappets that are distally rounded or blunt and not divergent.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FED057BC197EF91E" box="[323,580,1712,1737]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FED057BC197EF91E" box="[323,580,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Cymbasoma bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique in having a strong, medial, rounded protuberance at the insertion of the lappets. Other species have a straight margin or a weak protuberance (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FB3257D41E4AF926" box="[1185,1392,1752,1777]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FB3257D41E4AF926" box="[1185,1392,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. longispinosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FA1257D41BCEF8CE" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rigidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FA1257D41BCEF8CE" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. rigidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FE91560C1AD2F8CE" box="[258,488,1792,1817]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quintanarooense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FE91560C1AD2F8CE" box="[258,488,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. quintanarooense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FDB4560C19EBF8CE" box="[551,721,1792,1817]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumorifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FDB4560C19EBF8CE" box="[551,721,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. tumorifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), a spiniform process (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FC4C560C1FDFF8CD" authority="Isaac, 1974" authorityName="Isaac" authorityYear="1974" box="[991,1253,1792,1818]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FC4C560C1F7CF8CE" box="[991,1094,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
(Isaac, 1974)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FA8D560C1EB0F8CE" box="[1310,1418,1792,1817]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rochai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FA8D560C1EB0F8CE" box="[1310,1418,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. rochai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or a corrugated margin (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FE2056241966F896" box="[435,604,1832,1857]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelemense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FE2056241966F896" box="[435,604,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. chelemense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF91FFD0FD0756241820F896" box="[660,794,1832,1857]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mcalicei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF91FFD0FD0756241820F896" box="[660,794,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C. mcalicei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Because of the general morphological similitude and degree of variation of the genital lappets within this group, this character remains relevant, but not definitive, for species identification. However, some species have peculiar characters, such as associated processes or a distinctive shape, which might lead to a reliable identification (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FC4756AC1FBEF86D" author="McAlice" box="[980,1156,1952,1978]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="McAlice, B. J. (1985) On the male of Monstrilla helgolandica Claus (Copepoda, Monstrilloida). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 5, 627 - 634." type="journal article" year="1985">McAlice 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF91FFD0FB0656AC1EADF86D" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[1173,1431,1952,1978]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (1996) A new species of Cymbasoma (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from the Sulu Sea, Philippines. Beaufortia, 46, 97 - 104." type="journal article" year="1996">Suárez-Morales 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7E0D97FF96FFD7FF0456BF19A1F839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179967/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[173,1418,197,1943]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF96FFD7FF0456BF19A1F839" blockId="4.[151,1436,1971,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF96FFD7FF0456BF1A20F81C" bold="true" box="[151,282,1971,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF96FFD7FEB156B819FEF81C" authority="A. Scott, 1909" authorityName="A. Scott" authorityYear="1909" box="[290,708,1972,1995]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF96FFD7FEB156B81936F81C" box="[290,524,1972,1995]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Cymbasoma bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
(A. Scott, 1909)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult male from Recodo Bay, Mindanao. A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) habitus, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7E0D97FF97FFD6FF0456371AF2F80A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179968/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" targetBox="[159,1436,211,1824]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF97FFD6FF0456371AF2F80A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1851,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF97FFD6FF0456371A20F884" bold="true" box="[151,282,1851,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF97FFD6FEB1563719FEF885" authority="A. Scott, 1909" authorityName="A. Scott" authorityYear="1909" box="[290,708,1851,1874]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF97FFD6FEB156371936F885" box="[290,524,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">Cymbasoma bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
(A. Scott, 1909)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult male from Recodo Bay, Mindanao. A) left antennule, dorsal, showing setal nomenclature of Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995) for segments 1 to 4 and Huys et al. (2007) for the distal segment; B) right antennule, dorsal, labeled as in (A); C) cephalic region, ventral, showing protuberance and adjacent cuticular processes; D) cephalic processes, lateral view; E) genital lappets, ventral view; F) urosome and caudal rami (caudal setae cut short), lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF94FFD5FF0456061F97F8B8" blockId="6.[151,1436,1802,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF94FFD5FF0456061A20F8F5" bold="true" box="[151,282,1802,1826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF94FFD5FEB1560719F9F8F5" authority="A. Scott, 1909" authorityName="A. Scott" authorityYear="1909" box="[290,707,1803,1826]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF94FFD5FEB156071936F8F5" box="[290,524,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="31">Cymbasoma bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF94FFD5FD8F56071986F8F5" author="Scott" box="[540,700,1803,1826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" refString="Scott, A. (1909) The Copepoda of the Siboga Expedition. Part I. Free-swimming, littoral and semi-parasitic Copepoda. Siboga-Expeditie 29 a, 1 - 323, pls. 1 - 63." type="book chapter" year="1909">A. Scott, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult male from Recodo Bay, Mindanao. A) exopod of first swimming leg; B) second swimming leg; C) third swimming leg; D) fourth swimming leg; E) caudal rami, ventral view. Natatory setae of legs are cut short for illustration purposes. Sockets of outer basipodal setae arrrowed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF94FFD5FF5456A91EA6F830" blockId="6.[151,1436,1957,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="31">
|
||
The results of the present analysis suggest that other structures can be used to differentiate males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF94FFD5FACF56AA1BC8F830" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF94FFD5FACF56AA1BC8F830" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="31">Cymbasoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. One of these characters is the length of the seta on the first antennulary segment; it is very long in
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF94FFD5FA1256C21EA6F830" box="[1409,1436,1998,2023]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="31">C.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B0E94FF95FFD4FF0451941FA5FD90" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF95FFD4FF0451941AAAFEAD" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,1907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FF0451941BC5FF66" box="[151,255,152,177]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FF0451941BC5FF66" box="[151,255,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A419AFF95FFD4FEAF51941ABFFF65" box="[316,389,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,211,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[145,1461,194,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott, 1909), adult male from Recodo Bay, Mindanao. A) left antennule, dorsal, showing setal nomenclature of Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995) for segments 1 to 4 and Huys et al. (2007) for the distal segment; B) right antennule, dorsal, labeled as in (A); C) cephalic region, ventral, showing protuberance and adjacent cuticular processes; D) cephalic processes, lateral view; E) genital lappets, ventral view; F) urosome and caudal rami (caudal setae cut short), lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179968/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B), surpassing the distal margin of the third antennulary segment. The males of certain other species also have a well-developed seta on the first segment, in which it reaches to midlength of the fourth antennulary segment as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FD8E51E41998FED6" box="[541,674,232,257]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mcalicei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FD8E51E41998FED6" box="[541,674,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. mcalicei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or reaching the third segment in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FBBF51E41FC0FED6" box="[1068,1274,232,257]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FBBF51E41FC0FED6" box="[1068,1274,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. longispinosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF95FFD4FAA451E41BC4FEFD" author="Giesbrecht" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Giesbrecht, W. (1893) Systematik und Faunistik der pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes Neapel. Monographie, 19, 1 - 831, Atlas von 54 Tafeln nebst den Tafelerklarungen." type="book chapter" year="1893">Giesbrecht 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FEAD501C1ADDFEFE" box="[318,487,272,297]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelemense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FEAD501C1ADDFEFE" box="[318,487,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. chelemense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This seta is short in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FD4C501C18B0FEFE" box="[735,906,272,297]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumorifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FD4C501C18B0FEFE" box="[735,906,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. tumorifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF95FFD4FC5B501C1EB4FEFD" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[968,1422,272,298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. & Alvarez-Silva, C. (2001) Cymbasoma tumorifrons (Copepoda: Monstrilloida): an expanded description based on a new collection from the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Pacific Science, 55, 183 - 189." type="journal article" year="2001">Suárez-Morales & Alvarez-Silva 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FF0450341A0EFE86" box="[151,308,312,337]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thompsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FF0450341A0EFE86" box="[151,308,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. thompsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FED750341911FE86" box="[324,555,312,337]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quintanarooense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FED750341911FE86" box="[324,555,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. quintanarooense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF95FFD4FDFF50341856FE85" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[620,876,312,338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (2003) Three species of monstrilloids (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from Banco Chinchorro, Mexican Caribbean Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science, 73, 63 - 75." type="journal article" year="2003">Suárez-Morales 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FC2750341F22FE86" box="[948,1048,312,337]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenue">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FC2750341F22FE86" box="[948,1048,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. tenue</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF95FFD4FBC450341BEFFEAD" author="Suarez-Morales" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. & Riccardi, N. (1997) Redescription and first record of Cymbasoma tenue (Isaac, 1975) (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) in the Mediterranean Sea. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 110, 99 - 106." type="journal article" year="1997">Suárez-Morales & Riccardi 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), among others.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF95FFD4FF5450841FA5FD90" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,1907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
|
||
The length of the antennulary setal element 2d2, reaching to between midlength and the distal margin of the fourth antennulary segment in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FDB550BF198AFE1B" box="[550,688,435,460]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FDB550BF198AFE1B" box="[550,688,435,460]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A419AFF95FFD4FD2C50BE1833FE1B" box="[703,777,434,460]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,211,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[145,1461,194,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott, 1909), adult male from Recodo Bay, Mindanao. A) left antennule, dorsal, showing setal nomenclature of Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995) for segments 1 to 4 and Huys et al. (2007) for the distal segment; B) right antennule, dorsal, labeled as in (A); C) cephalic region, ventral, showing protuberance and adjacent cuticular processes; D) cephalic processes, lateral view; E) genital lappets, ventral view; F) urosome and caudal rami (caudal setae cut short), lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179968/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B; Suárez-Morales 2001: fig. 25), is yet another character separating this species from most of its known congeners, in which this element is clearly shorter. Other species with relatively long seta 2d2 are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FDE3530F1807FDCB" box="[624,829,515,540]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FDE3530F1807FDCB" box="[624,829,515,540]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. longispinosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF95FFD4FCDE530E1F4AFDCB" author="Giesbrecht" box="[845,1136,514,540]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Giesbrecht, W. (1893) Systematik und Faunistik der pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes Neapel. Monographie, 19, 1 - 831, Atlas von 54 Tafeln nebst den Tafelerklarungen." type="book chapter" year="1893">Giesbrecht 1893: fig. 23</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FB15530F1FEDFDCB" box="[1158,1239,515,540]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FB15530F1FEDFDCB" box="[1158,1239,515,540]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. bali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF95FFD4FB75530E1AADFD90" author="Desai" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Desai, H. V. & Krishnaswamy, S. (1962) Cymbasoma bali, a new species of monstrilloid copepod from the Bombay plankton. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, 55 B, 163 - 166." type="journal article" year="1962">Desai & Krishnaswamy 1962: fig. 7</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FE4C532219B2FD90" box="[479,648,558,583]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelemense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FE4C532219B2FD90" box="[479,648,558,583]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. chelemense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF95FFD4FD0453211FA8FD90" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[663,1170,557,583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. & Escamilla, J. B. (1997) An undescribed monstrilloid copepod (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from the northern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science, 61, 539 - 547." type="journal article" year="1997">Suárez-Morales & Escamilla 1997: fig. 2C</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B0E94FF95FFD4FF5453591F28F8A4" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF95FFD4FF5453591933FCD8" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,1907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
|
||
The presence of a medio-ventral protuberance on the cephalic region together with two adjacent horn-like processes seems to be a strong character to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FCA4537218FFFD40" box="[823,965,638,663]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FCA4537218FFFD40" box="[823,965,638,663]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from most other known species of the genus. A similar protuberance, but without the adjacent horn-like processes, has been depicted for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FAAB53AA1EA6FD68" box="[1336,1436,678,703]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenue">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FAAB53AA1EA6FD68" box="[1336,1436,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. tenue</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF95FFD4FF4153C11953FD30" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[210,617,717,743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. & Riccardi, N. (1997) Redescription and first record of Cymbasoma tenue (Isaac, 1975) (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) in the Mediterranean Sea. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 110, 99 - 106." type="journal article" year="1997">Suárez-Morales & Riccardi 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while a much lower process is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FB0353C21E38FD30" box="[1168,1282,718,743]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rochai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FB0353C21E38FD30" box="[1168,1282,718,743]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. rochai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3161D8FFF95FFD4FAC753C11EA6FD30" box="[1364,1436,717,743]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF95FFD4FF0C53F91AC1FCD8" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[159,507,757,783]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. & Dias, C. (2001) Taxonomic report of some monstrilloids (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from Brazil with description of four new species. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 71, 65 - 81." type="journal article" year="2001">Suárez-Morales & Dias 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF95FFD4FF5452111BE6FC28" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,1907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
|
||
No information concerning the structure or armature of the swimming legs was provided in A. Scott’s (1909) original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FD9A524A19A2FC88" box="[521,664,837,863]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FD9A524A1926FC88" box="[521,540,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FDA3524A19A2FC88" box="[560,664,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; because of the poor condition of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAE3BDFF95FFD4FBE452491F93FC88" box="[1143,1193,837,863]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens, Suárez- Morales (2001) could not add much in this aspect, but examination of both the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAE3BDFF95FFD4FBAC52611F48FC50" box="[1087,1138,877,903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and the Mindanao specimens reveals a normal setation pattern. The absence of the usual basipodal setae on legs
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9F0FAFF95FFD4FB5652991E2BFC78" box="[1221,1297,917,943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 in</quantity>
|
||
the studied material is most likely related to the long period of preservation and the consequent deterioration of the specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5D1FFF95FFD4FF5D55011F28F8A4" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,1907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
|
||
The present record confirms a modest extension of the known geographical range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FB3B55021E08FBF0" box="[1192,1330,1038,1063]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FB3B55021E08FBF0" box="[1192,1330,1038,1063]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Moluccan Sea to Mindanao. There is one other relatively recent record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FB9D553A1FA0FB98" box="[1038,1178,1078,1103]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FB9D553A1FA0FB98" box="[1038,1178,1078,1103]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FB5D553A1E6AFB98" box="[1230,1360,1078,1103]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FB5D553A1E6AFB98" box="[1230,1360,1078,1103]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. bullatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from Japanese waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF95FFD4FEF05552191AFBAF" author="Sekiguchi" box="[355,544,1118,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Sekiguchi, H. (1981) Occurrence of Cymbasoma bullatus (Scott), a monstrilloid copepod, from Japanese waters. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 20, 13 - 15." type="journal article" year="1981">Sekiguchi 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D079696FF95FFD4FD355552183EFBAF" box="[678,772,1118,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" type="male">52 male</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens collected in Ago Bay, central coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3161D8FFF95FFD4FAC155521EA3FBAF" box="[1362,1433,1118,1144]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Sekiguchi provided a brief description of these specimens and some illustrations. His decision to allocate these males to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FED855A21AE2FB10" box="[331,472,1198,1223]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FED855A21AE2FB10" box="[331,472,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was evidently based on general body similarity and the presence of four caudal setae with expanded bases. Several differences are apparent, though, between the Japanese specimens and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FA1255DA1BC5FAC0" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FA1255DA1BC5FAC0" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The seta on the first antennulary segment is much shorter than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FB8555F21F9BFAC0" box="[1046,1185,1278,1303]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FB8555F21F9BFAC0" box="[1046,1185,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reaching only to the distal margin of the second antennulary segment. Element 2d2 is also shorter, reaching only to midlength of the fourth segment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF95FFD4FEC9545D1943FABC" author="Sekiguchi" box="[346,633,1361,1387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Sekiguchi, H. (1981) Occurrence of Cymbasoma bullatus (Scott), a monstrilloid copepod, from Japanese waters. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 20, 13 - 15." type="journal article" year="1981">Sekiguchi 1981: fig. 1E</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FC89545D189DFABD" box="[794,935,1361,1386]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FC89545D189DFABD" box="[794,935,1361,1386]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it surpasses the distal margin of the same segment in both Mindanao and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3161D8FFF95FFD4FD9954751946FA44" box="[522,636,1401,1427]" name="Indonesia" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens. Apparently these specimens lack a ventral protuberance and other processes on the cephalic region (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF95FFD4FD2B54AD1849FA6C" author="Sekiguchi" box="[696,883,1441,1467]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Sekiguchi, H. (1981) Occurrence of Cymbasoma bullatus (Scott), a monstrilloid copepod, from Japanese waters. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 20, 13 - 15." type="journal article" year="1981">Sekiguchi 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1B). The fifth pedigerous somite is as long as the fourth pedigerous somite and almost twice as long as the genital somite (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF95FFD4FBAC54C51EB4FA34" author="Sekiguchi" box="[1087,1422,1481,1507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Sekiguchi, H. (1981) Occurrence of Cymbasoma bullatus (Scott), a monstrilloid copepod, from Japanese waters. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 20, 13 - 15." type="journal article" year="1981">Sekiguchi 1981: figs. 1A–B</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas this somite is shorter than the fourth pedigerous somite and as long as the genital somite in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FAA054FD1BF9F9E5" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FAA054FD1BF9F9E5" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A419AFF95FFD4FF4057151A21F9E4" box="[211,283,1561,1587]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[173,1418,197,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[156,1444,177,1958]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cymbasoma bullatum (A. Scott, 1909), adult male from Recodo Bay, Mindanao. A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) habitus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179967/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C; Suárez-Morales, 2001: fig. 20). The anal somite is relatively shorter in the Japanese specimens, representing 23% of the urosome length, versus 30–33% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FC33574D1F10F98D" box="[928,1066,1601,1626]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FC33574D1F10F98D" box="[928,1066,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; also, the lateral margins of the anal somite are weakly divergent and almost straight, whereas this somite is clearly expanded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FA9957651EAFF955" box="[1290,1429,1641,1666]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FA9957651EAFF955" box="[1290,1429,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The genital lappets are clearly shorter in the Japanese specimens, barely reaching the distal margin of the first postgenital somite, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FD9E57B519A0F905" box="[525,666,1721,1746]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FD9E57B519A0F905" box="[525,666,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they reach to midlength of the anal somite.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF95FFD4FB2A57B51EA6F904" box="[1209,1436,1721,1747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Sekiguchi, H. (1981) Occurrence of Cymbasoma bullatus (Scott), a monstrilloid copepod, from Japanese waters. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 20, 13 - 15." type="journal article">Sekiguchi´s (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
drawings show the lappets as proximally robust, whereas they are noticeably elongate and slender in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FAA757ED1BF9F8F5" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FAA757ED1BF9F8F5" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. bullatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All these differences indicate that the specimens analyzed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9020EEFF95FFD4FC5756051FA8F8F4" author="Sekiguchi" box="[964,1170,1801,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Sekiguchi, H. (1981) Occurrence of Cymbasoma bullatus (Scott), a monstrilloid copepod, from Japanese waters. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 20, 13 - 15." type="journal article" year="1981">Sekiguchi (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
belong to a different, probably undescribed species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01269CFF95FFD4FD89563D1991F89D" box="[538,683,1841,1866]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975810DFF95FFD4FD89563D1991F89D" box="[538,683,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Cymbasoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These specimens were not available for direct examination (S. Ohtsuka, pers. comm.), and nothing more can be said about them at present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |