419 lines
58 KiB
XML
419 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="10C68BE277214F24B5A5B16FE81FF542" ID-CLB-Dataset="303593" ID-DOI="10.50826/bnmnszool.49.2_75" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6b600d07-d4ed-489a-97d0-175648dd520f" ID-ISSN="2434-091X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13826648" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1718644921795" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Peeran, Syed Wali, Murugan, Manohar, Doggalli, Nagabhushana, Fageeh, Hytham, Ibrahim, Wael, Al-Ak'hali, Mohammed Sultan & Basheer, Syed Nahid" docDate="2023" docId="03CF8796FFA5586E73E4FEFC4CEEFCC0" docLanguage="en" docName="BullNatlMusNatSciSerA.49.2.75-80.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology 49 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_998_23" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A6FFB80BFE6276686563735C80A89639.2:BullNatlMusNatSciSerA.2021-.journal_article.english.affilindex" docStyleId="A6FFB80BFE6276686563735C80A89639" docStyleName="BullNatlMusNatSciSerA.2021-.journal_article.english.affilindex" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Culeolus tenuis Vinogradova 1970" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="FFF6FFEEFFA4586A7332FFF84D1DFFDA" masterDocTitle="Culeolus tenuis (Urochordata, Ascidiacea) Newly Found off Fukushima, Japan in the Japan Trench" masterLastPageNumber="80" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="76" updateTime="1727050054907" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="35FA084689716A326D016E25A53EBFB0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="DE1826970B8CB96CFCEFF1498A058849">
|
||
<mods:title id="6A1ABDA1D617E83C178CA9DDFA12056E">Culeolus tenuis (Urochordata, Ascidiacea) Newly Found off Fukushima, Japan in the Japan Trench</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="0220FE54EAF69E538B5C7BC723B74AFC" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C5692DA17A62E6F47B254196FDB2E7E1">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F33F648D8CBF19056FED3C7D30AF4036">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1149A72E97E6AC8EDEA5018F9D817FFB">Peeran, Syed Wali</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="6FF26A379CF9A37B9B6E6EC6AB371002" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="11DF0E3249EB4CB95C6C55680A656BB8">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="E79DEEB00056320FDE8AD2BC254B93CE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="850062F3914FF24376BFC33D06BB1EF7">Murugan, Manohar</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="F1DF74DCF440A26BDAA257AB1BDC1734" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="FC25222E3D0F128BB36196AED72F676F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="7D65B36C9C0CFAC41E7080F0E57B9A54">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5A6212DA406DA7CC9777A0D9577710B1">Doggalli, Nagabhushana</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="9F4515698C58366DE7660A54DD64A2C5" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="FF6356A727C0CF389CA9324FF3EED548">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2BDC9FE4258F9CC040DA90D6ABF2681A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="E86BD22F9CE967EDF88CB3F9891D09E0">Fageeh, Hytham</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="822FF1E4CE87DF5779E944E9CD7168F7" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="505541D92C648FB14F5083EE6A1FAF8C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="32D05380604C7C9E2B2CEB29B858B5BF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="979F9070BC031A96AAAEFB450EECDA1B">Ibrahim, Wael</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="6B480937540C23B04527B08443E87DD3" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="7D7744716450625E4E20C1D32B889781">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4F05607284281692E08296CF302AAC66">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F2C3190D9D8C0AC04156D4E03117C557">Al-Ak'hali, Mohammed Sultan</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A6CB2A419166C7BEC8FF7EDCF056A1E5" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="103D17D9F153977CA9F2E5D479D58168">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8FAA99463D493001FC4114FC189D56F2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F887C83BA1ECF1424D8FF5D1A0EC225D">Basheer, Syed Nahid</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="1277B7DB4A9099AB954424F1105375F5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="AF444982F8303673D4FE5344C73CE573" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="CCCAEB67B4D3DE1BDDAC1A62E9823840">
|
||
<mods:title id="2E3D6CBA292474ADA9D25E6DC5F3BE48">Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="148039E7504852977DCCB2B37EE013C4">
|
||
<mods:date id="4180232C04262835872CB9D7901FF5C1">2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="3EC046AD22ACE1790475255C3925865F" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="F38BD69EDACF9E2A16CECBC4441084FB">2023-05-22</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="F3833B53064D0CB63F8747AD1CCB8BBE" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="92738034536D9696336CB590ADAD5958">49</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="B6A411E2683ED6B11E4C7110012F8ACD" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="971A931C1725C34DA94426063AA5EE9D">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="0F73F52A32A5CE69168E24B01213C7BF" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="F75C0FD98CBB00A38E00ABA9A185EC20">75</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="F7C4AC513439BBF64577C5A2FC8AA7AD">80</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="AC4B555210FB64F488D16BF2BCB6B214">
|
||
<mods:url id="7B91469995DBAA5AC535DA7B684652C3">http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_998_23</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="756984895DC68402A3D5647F5A5803DB">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B2107C4E2F564BACF05EA5599E448205" type="CLB-Dataset">303593</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="21E78C1010C883217FC29B3C020A3C7C" type="DOI">10.50826/bnmnszool.49.2_75</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="795A79FBCC45F4908C1E15677DE785A7" type="GBIF-Dataset">6b600d07-d4ed-489a-97d0-175648dd520f</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E8EA302B82C7DB4402D1E279F18BBA1F" type="ISSN">2434-091X</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9D8E0AC0B217AC07122056CB216DD0F7" type="Zenodo-Dep">13826648</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03CF8796FFA5586E73E4FEFC4CEEFCC0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13826652" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13826652" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF8796FFA5586E73E4FEFC4CEEFCC0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CF8796FFA5586E73E4FEFC4CEEFCC0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C650BFFA5586B73E4FEFC4F4EFEC6" box="[214,595,260,284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD93680FFA5586B73E4FEFC4F4EFEC6" blockId="1.[214,595,260,284]" box="[214,595,260,284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<heading id="D09181ECFFA5586B73E4FEFC4F4EFEC6" box="[214,595,260,284]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" reason="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA5586B73E4FEFC4F4EFEC6" ID-CoL="6BQPW" authority="Vinogradova, 1970" authorityName="Vinogradova" authorityYear="1970" box="[214,595,260,284]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA5586B73E4FEFC4C9CFEC6" bold="true" box="[214,385,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Culeolus tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA5586B72B5FEFC4F4EFEC6" author="Vinogradova, N. G." box="[391,595,260,284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" pagination="489 - 512" refId="ref3373" refString="Vinogradova, N. G. 1970. [Deep-sea ascidians of the genus Culeolus of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench]. Trudy Instituta Oceanologii 86: 489 - 512 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1970">Vinogradova, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C650BFFA5586B7209FECB4CF0FE93" box="[315,493,307,329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD93680FFA5586B7209FECB4CF0FE93" blockId="1.[315,493,307,329]" box="[315,493,307,329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D2A05FFA5586B7270FECB4C84FE92" box="[322,409,307,329]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="1.[163,196,1748,1770]" captionStartId-1="2.[163,196,1304,1326]" captionTargetBox-0="[366,1010,1263,1713]" captionTargetBox-1="[234,1141,215,1268]" captionTargetId-0="figure-423@1.[365,1011,1262,1714]" captionTargetId-1="figure-106@2.[233,1143,213,1270]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Map showing the localities of Culeolus tenuis Vinogradova, 1970, so far known (open circles) or newly recorded in the present study (solid circle)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Culeolus tenuis Vinogradova, 1970 from off Fukushima Prefecture in the Japan Trench. A: Left side of body proper with branchial tentacles projecting from branchial aperture (Br) and anal end visible through atrial aperture (At), B: Inner view of right mantle of body, C: Inner view of left mantle of body; D. Dorsal tubercle and vicinity, E: Proximal (=posterior) terminal of right dorsal-most gonad, directed to atrial aperture end, to show openings of oviduct (Od) and sperm duct (Sd); F: A horny polygonal spicule from pericardium. Mantle musculature and spicules in B and C, and in B-E, respectively, omitted. Abbreviations: At: atrial aperture, Br: branchial aperture, En: endocarp, Ep: pericardium, Od: oviduct, Ov: ovarian eggs, Sd: sperm duct, St: proximal end of stalk along anterior mid-ventral half of body proper, Te: testicular follicles. Scales for A, B, and C 10mm, for D and E, 5mm, and for F, 1mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13826650" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13826654" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13826650/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13826654/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E4033BFFA5586B7291FECB4CF8FE93" box="[419,485,307,329]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[197,247,208,230]" captionText="Table 1.ɹKnown localities of Culeolus tenuis Vinogradova, 1970, listed from north to south, also see Fig. 1" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C650BFFA5586B73BEFE9B4F84FE0A" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD93680FFA5586B73BEFE9B4F51FE69" blockId="1.[140,669,355,465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611AEFFA5586B73BEFE9B4F51FE69" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA5586B73BEFE9B4F78FEA2" ID-CoL="6BQPW" authority="Vinogradova, 1970, pp. 491 - 493" authorityName="Vinogradova" authorityPageNumber="491 - 493" authorityYear="1970" box="[140,613,355,377]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA5586B73BEFE9B4C00FEA3" box="[140,285,355,377]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Culeolus tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA5586B721AFE9B4CC0FEA2" author="Vinogradova, N. G." box="[296,477,355,377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" pagination="489 - 512" refId="ref3373" refString="Vinogradova, N. G. 1970. [Deep-sea ascidians of the genus Culeolus of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench]. Trudy Instituta Oceanologii 86: 489 - 512 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1970">Vinogradova, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp. 491–493
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, textfigs. 1–2;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC71091FFA5586B723CFE794F87FE4C" author="Sanamyan, K. E. & N. P. Sanamyan" box="[270,666,385,407]" page="214" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" year="1998">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA5586B723CFE794F5BFE4C" author="Sanamyan, K. E. & N. P. Sanamyan" box="[270,582,385,407]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" pagination="209 - 214" refId="ref3197" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. and N. P. Sanamyan 1998. Some deep-water ascidians from the NW Pacific (Tunicata: Ascidi- acea). Zoosystematica Rossica 7: 209 - 214." type="journal article" year="1998">Sanamyan and Sanamyan, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 214
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA5586B7395FE664CD6FE6E" author="Sanamyan, K. E. & N. P. Sanamyan" box="[167,459,414,436]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" pagination="307 - 344" refId="ref3233" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. and N. P. Sanamyan 2006. Deep-water ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from the northern and western Pacific. Journal of Natural History 40: 307 - 344." type="journal article" year="2006">Sanamyan and Sanamyan, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp. 329–331.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD93680FFA5586B73BEFE434F84FE0A" blockId="1.[140,669,355,465]" box="[140,665,443,465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA5586B73BEFE434DE3FE0B" box="[140,254,443,465]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA5586B73BEFE434DC1FE0A" box="[140,220,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Culeolus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA5586B7235FE434CC5FE0A" author="Kuramochi, T. & T. Nishikawa & M. Hattori & Y. Kanie & K. Akimoto" box="[263,472,443,465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref3043" refString="Kuramochi, T., T. Nishikawa, M. Hattori, Y. Kanie and K. Akimoto 1999. In situ observation of an ascidian Culeolus sp. from the Japan Trench. JAMSTEC Journal of the Deep Sea Research 15: 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Kuramochi
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA5586B7243FE444C82FE0A" box="[369,415,443,465]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp. 1–3, photos 1–3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C650BFFA5586B7395FE0E4C41FD61" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD93680FFA5586B7395FE0E4C41FD61" blockId="1.[140,670,502,701]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA5586B7395FE0E4C54FDF3" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Material examined (Deposited in National Museum of Nature and Science</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA5586B7268FDEB4CB1FDF2" box="[346,428,531,552]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Tsukuba)</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0E3CDDFFA5586B72FBFDEB4C45FD61" collectingDate="1998-07-15" collectionCode="T, R, V" country="Japan" elevation="5784" location="Trench" longitude="143.76666" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fukushima">
|
||
NSMT-Pc 5353, land-slope side of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717610FFA5586B722AFDC94C51FD9C" box="[280,332,561,582]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
<location id="8EB9605BFFA5586B726AFDC94C8AFD9D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF8796FFA5586E73E4FEFC4CEEFCC0:8EB9605BFFA5586B726AFDC94C8AFD9D" box="[344,407,561,583]" country="Japan" longitude="143.76666" name="Trench" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Fukushima">Trench</location>
|
||
off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2F862FFA5586B72FBFDC94F87FD9D" box="[457,666,561,583]" country="Japan" name="Fukushima" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Fukushima Prefecture</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Japan (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE525047FFA5586B73EBFDB64C75FDB9" box="[217,360,590,613]" degrees="143" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" precision="1" seconds="59. 96" value="143.76666">36°23′86.72″N;</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE525047FFA5586B7249FDB64F10FDB9" box="[379,525,590,613]" degrees="143" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" precision="1" seconds="59. 96" value="143.76666">143°45′59.96″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E9B65FFA5586B7119FDB64F68FDB9" box="[555,629,590,612]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.784" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="5784.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004BD1B3FFA5586B7119FDB64F68FDB9" box="[555,629,590,612]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.784" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="5784.0">5,784 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77AE45FFA5586B71B9FDB64F87FDB9" box="[651,666,590,611]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">T</collectionCode>
|
||
. Kuramochi [from remote-operated submersible lKAIKOz supported by JAMSTEC
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77AE45FFA5586B724CFD714C90FD44" box="[382,397,649,670]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77AE45FFA5586B72A6FD714CB9FD44" box="[404,420,649,670]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
lKAIREIz (KR98-07 #79 Leg. 1)],
|
||
<date id="FFD81040FFA5586B73D2FD5E4C45FD61" box="[224,344,678,700]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" value="1998-07-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9CE9A8FFA5586B73D2FD5E4C45FD61" box="[224,344,678,700]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" value="1998-07-15">15 July 1998</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C650BFFA558697395FD184CA2FCE7" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD93680FFA558697395FD184CA2FCE7" blockId="1.[140,669,735,1210]" lastBlockId="3.[140,669,597,829]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA5586B7395FD184C38FD2D" box="[167,293,736,759]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Body proper pale pink, gonads visible through tunic, with a long brownish stalk (
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA5586B73A7FCDD4DF9FCE6" box="[149,228,805,828]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
observation), but body proper later becoming brown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA5586B7267FCBF4F41FC85" author="Kuramochi, T. & T. Nishikawa & M. Hattori & Y. Kanie & K. Akimoto" box="[341,604,839,863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref3043" refString="Kuramochi, T., T. Nishikawa, M. Hattori, Y. Kanie and K. Akimoto 1999. In situ observation of an ascidian Culeolus sp. from the Japan Trench. JAMSTEC Journal of the Deep Sea Research 15: 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Kuramochi
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA5586B72E8FCB04F0EFC85" box="[474,531,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 2, photos 1–3); brownish coloration persisting for several years following formalin-fixation and 70%-ethanol preservation, subsequently becoming pale yellow (same preservative) by early 2023. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E9B65FFA5586B7243FC0D4CA6FBD6" box="[369,443,1013,1037]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="68.0">68 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E9B65FFA5586B712BFC0D4F7EFBD6" box="[537,611,1013,1037]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and dorsoventral depth
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E9B65FFA5586B7247FBEF4CDDFBF5" box="[373,448,1047,1071]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
; a long blackishbrown stalk, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E9B65FFA5586B727EFBC24CBDFB8B" box="[332,416,1082,1106]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="365.0">365 mm</quantity>
|
||
(length), 2.5 to
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E9B65FFA5586B7151FBC24F80FB8B" box="[611,669,1082,1106]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(diameter), distal end fixed in bottom substrate, proximal end running posteriad along anterior half of mid-ventral line of body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D2A05FFA5586B713EFB5A4F78FB60" box="[524,613,1186,1210]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[163,196,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[366,1010,1263,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-423@1.[365,1011,1262,1714]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Map showing the localities of Culeolus tenuis Vinogradova, 1970, so far known (open circles) or newly recorded in the present study (solid circle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13826650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13826650/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
, St); stalk comprising a dark brown, hard, wire-like but relatively fragile shaft, covered with thin, almost transparent tunic layer; body tunic thin, tough, semi-transparent whitish, entire surface densely covered with pale to moderately dark brownish papillae, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E9B65FFA5586B70E3FE7D4902FE46" box="[977,1055,389,413]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
high (coloration becoming pale yellow by early 2023); both siphons indistinct, branchial aperture terminal, widely opened with many protruding branched tentacles, atrial aperture situated at posterior onefifth of body, very wide with anal end of intestine exposed on left; a distinct low U-shaped crest widely opened dorsally, running from antero-lateral aspect to posteroventral aspect of atrial aperture on each side to unite at mid-ventral line (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D2A05FFA5586B779BFD454FFBFD2D" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[163,196,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[366,1010,1263,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-423@1.[365,1011,1262,1714]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Map showing the localities of Culeolus tenuis Vinogradova, 1970, so far known (open circles) or newly recorded in the present study (solid circle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13826650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13826650/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mantle very thin, white (almost transparent), body musculature a sparse network of very thin fibers, except around apertures (furnished densely with circular fibers). Branchial tentacles
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E9B65FFA5586B71F1FC924E1CFC58" box="[707,769,874,898]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.112" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" unit="in" value="28.0">28 in</quantity>
|
||
total, including both second- and thirdorder branches (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA5586B70F5FC754976FC7E" author="Tokioka, T." box="[967,1131,908,933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" refId="ref3271" refString="Tokioka, T. 1953. Ascidians of Sagami Bay. 4 + 315 pp., 79 pls., 1 map., Iwanami-shoten, Tokyo." type="book" year="1953">Tokioka, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); ciliated groove C-shaped, opening to right (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D2A05FFA5586B775BFC5749DBFC1D" box="[1129,1222,943,967]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[163,196,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[366,1010,1263,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-423@1.[365,1011,1262,1714]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Map showing the localities of Culeolus tenuis Vinogradova, 1970, so far known (open circles) or newly recorded in the present study (solid circle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13826650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13826650/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
), many distinct dorsal languets following posteriorly, with six branchial folds on each side (formula: L. D. 3(14)2(17)2(15)4(15)4(12)4(6)10
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77AE45FFA5586B7784FBE049D1FBF5" box="[1206,1228,1048,1071]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77AE45FFA5586B71F1FBC24FC5FB8B" box="[707,728,1082,1105]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">R</collectionCode>
|
||
. D. 2(13)3(17)2(16)4(14)4(12)4(7)8
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77AE45FFA5586B775BFBC2499DFB88" box="[1129,1152,1082,1106]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
). Intestinal loop simple, U-shaped, elongated longitudinally; stomach extensively covered with complicatedly branched hepatic lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D2A05FFA5586B771AFB5A4962FB60" box="[1064,1151,1186,1210]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[163,196,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[366,1010,1263,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-423@1.[365,1011,1262,1714]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Map showing the localities of Culeolus tenuis Vinogradova, 1970, so far known (open circles) or newly recorded in the present study (solid circle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13826650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13826650/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Three partly matured, longitudinally elongated gonads on each side, each comprising several lobes discernible as simple or complicated endocarps, two gonads in tight contact with each other along dorsal aspect of decending limb of gut loop, a third gonad occupying first intestinal loop on left (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D2A05FFA6586871F9F9BA4E39F980" box="[715,804,1602,1626]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[163,196,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[366,1010,1263,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-423@1.[365,1011,1262,1714]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Map showing the localities of Culeolus tenuis Vinogradova, 1970, so far known (open circles) or newly recorded in the present study (solid circle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13826650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13826650/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
), all three in close contact with one another along epicardium on right (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D2A05FFA658687758F99D49D8F9A7" box="[1130,1221,1637,1661]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[163,196,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[366,1010,1263,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-423@1.[365,1011,1262,1714]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Map showing the localities of Culeolus tenuis Vinogradova, 1970, so far known (open circles) or newly recorded in the present study (solid circle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13826650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13826650/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
), each gonad furnished distally (near atrial siphon) with a free elongated end of sperm duct, accompanied by almost sessile end of oviduct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D2A05FFA65868779BF9354FFFF8DD" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[163,196,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[366,1010,1263,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-423@1.[365,1011,1262,1714]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Map showing the localities of Culeolus tenuis Vinogradova, 1970, so far known (open circles) or newly recorded in the present study (solid circle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13826650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13826650/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
); ovarian eggs up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E9B65FFA6586870F7F917490EF8DD" box="[965,1043,1775,1799]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter; nongonadal endocarps absent from mantle and intestinal surface facing peribranchial cavity. Flat, yellowish or white (almost transparent) polygonal horn-shaped spicules up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E9B65FFA7586972D7FD444F2FFD0E" box="[485,562,700,724]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long discernible densely in walls of branchial sac, pericardium (not heart), intestine (including hepatic lobes), and gonads (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D2A05FFA758697250FCDD4CAFFCE7" box="[354,434,805,829]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[163,196,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[366,1010,1263,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-423@1.[365,1011,1262,1714]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Map showing the localities of Culeolus tenuis Vinogradova, 1970, so far known (open circles) or newly recorded in the present study (solid circle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13826650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13826650/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF196608FFA5586B7391F92C4F48F8DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13826650" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13826650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13826650/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" startId="1.[163,196,1748,1770]" targetBox="[366,1010,1263,1713]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD93680FFA5586B7391F92C4F48F8DD" blockId="1.[163,1213,1748,1799]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Fig. 1. Map showing the localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA5586B7127F92C4E46F933" authority="Vinogradova, 1970" authorityName="Vinogradova" authorityYear="1970" box="[533,859,1748,1770]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA5586B7127F92C4FBEF933" box="[533,675,1748,1769]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Culeolus tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA5586B7198F92C4E46F933" author="Vinogradova, N. G." box="[682,859,1748,1770]" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" pagination="489 - 512" refId="ref3373" refString="Vinogradova, N. G. 1970. [Deep-sea ascidians of the genus Culeolus of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench]. Trudy Instituta Oceanologii 86: 489 - 512 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1970">Vinogradova, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so far known (open circles) or newly recorded in the present study (solid circle).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF196608FFA658687391FAE04F86F9C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13826654" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13826654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13826654/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" startId="2.[163,196,1304,1326]" targetBox="[234,1141,215,1268]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD93680FFA658687391FAE04F86F9C2" blockId="2.[163,1215,1304,1560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Fig. 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA6586873CBFAE04F22FAF7" authority="Vinogradova, 1970" authorityName="Vinogradova" authorityYear="1970" box="[249,575,1304,1326]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA6586873CBFAE04C95FAF7" box="[249,392,1304,1325]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Culeolus tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA6586872A2FAE04F22FAF7" author="Vinogradova, N. G." box="[400,575,1304,1326]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" pagination="489 - 512" refId="ref3373" refString="Vinogradova, N. G. 1970. [Deep-sea ascidians of the genus Culeolus of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench]. Trudy Instituta Oceanologii 86: 489 - 512 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1970">Vinogradova, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from off Fukushima Prefecture in the Japan Trench. A: Left side of body proper with branchial tentacles projecting from branchial aperture (Br) and anal end visible through atrial aperture (At), B: Inner view of right mantle of body, C: Inner view of left mantle of body; D. Dorsal tubercle and vicinity, E: Proximal (=posterior) terminal of right dorsal-most gonad, directed to atrial aperture end, to show openings of oviduct (Od) and sperm duct (Sd); F: A horny polygonal spicule from pericardium. Mantle musculature and spicules in B and C, and in B-E, respectively, omitted. Abbreviations: At: atrial aperture, Br: branchial aperture, En: endocarp, Ep: pericardium, Od: oviduct, Ov: ovarian eggs, Sd: sperm duct, St: proximal end of stalk along anterior mid-ventral half of body proper, Te: testicular follicles. Scales for A, B, and C 10 mm, for D and E, 5 mm, and for F, 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF196608FFA7586973F7FF284986FF3F" box="[197,1179,207,230]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" startId="3.[197,247,208,230]" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD93680FFA7586973F7FF284986FF3F" blockId="3.[197,1179,207,230]" box="[197,1179,207,230]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Table 1.ɹKnown localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA7586972EFFF284E03FF3F" authority="Vinogradova, 1970" authorityName="Vinogradova" authorityYear="1970" box="[477,798,208,230]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA7586972EFFF284F74FF3F" box="[477,617,208,229]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Culeolus tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA75869715CFF284E03FF3F" author="Vinogradova, N. G." box="[622,798,208,230]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="489 - 512" refId="ref3373" refString="Vinogradova, N. G. 1970. [Deep-sea ascidians of the genus Culeolus of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench]. Trudy Instituta Oceanologii 86: 489 - 512 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1970">Vinogradova, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed from north to south, also see Fig. 1
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD93680FFA758697380FF044979FDD8" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<table id="F966C420FFA7A7957380FF0449D4FDDE" box="[178,1225,252,516]" gridcols="5" gridrows="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<tr id="355634C2FFA7A7957380FF0449D4FEC8" box="[178,1225,252,274]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="76875DBEFFA7A7957380FF044C3EFEC8" box="[178,291,252,274]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Latitude (N)</th>
|
||
<th id="76875DBEFFA7A795725AFF044CF5FEC8" box="[360,488,252,274]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Longitude (E)</th>
|
||
<th id="76875DBEFFA7A795711EFF044F83FEC8" box="[556,670,252,274]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Depth (m)</th>
|
||
<th id="76875DBEFFA7A79571E3FF044E82FEC8" box="[721,927,252,274]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Number of individuals</th>
|
||
<th id="76875DBEFFA7A7957084FF0449D4FEC8" box="[950,1225,252,274]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Source</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355634C2FFA7A7957380FEDB49D4FEB7" box="[178,1225,291,365]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="76875DBEFFA7A7957380FEDB4C3EFEB7" box="[178,291,291,365]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">54°58′ 48°15′ 46°08′</th>
|
||
<td id="76875DBEFFA7A795725AFEDB4CF5FEB7" box="[360,488,291,365]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">165°44′ 169°39′ 155°16′</td>
|
||
<td id="76875DBEFFA7A795711EFEDB4F83FEB7" box="[556,670,291,365]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">6,074–5,300 6,272–6,282 5,070–5,090</td>
|
||
<td id="76875DBEFFA7A79571E3FEDB4E82FEB7" box="[721,927,291,365]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">1 23 1</td>
|
||
<td id="76875DBEFFA7A7957084FEDB49D4FEB7" box="[950,1225,291,365]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA758697085FEDB49D4FEE2" author="Sanamyan, K. E. & N. P. Sanamyan" box="[951,1225,291,312]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="209 - 214" refId="ref3197" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. and N. P. Sanamyan 1998. Some deep-water ascidians from the NW Pacific (Tunicata: Ascidi- acea). Zoosystematica Rossica 7: 209 - 214." type="journal article" year="1998">Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA758697084FEC44979FE8B" author="Vinogradova, N. G." box="[950,1124,316,338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="489 - 512" refId="ref3373" refString="Vinogradova, N. G. 1970. [Deep-sea ascidians of the genus Culeolus of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench]. Trudy Instituta Oceanologii 86: 489 - 512 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1970">Vinogradova, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
do.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355634C2FFA7A7957380FE9749D4FDDE" box="[178,1225,367,516]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="76875DBEFFA7A7957380FE974C3EFDDE" box="[178,291,367,516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">45°18′ 45°18′ 44°43′ 38°11′ 36°24′ 33°18′</th>
|
||
<td id="76875DBEFFA7A795725AFE974CF5FDDE" box="[360,488,367,516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">156°00′ 156°00′ 153°49′ 143°56′ 143°46′ 149°46′</td>
|
||
<td id="76875DBEFFA7A795711EFE974F83FDDE" box="[556,670,367,516]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">5,035–5,210 5,030–5,031 5,027 6,156–6,207 5,784 6,096</td>
|
||
<td id="76875DBEFFA7A79571E3FE974E82FDDE" box="[721,927,367,516]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">10 2* 3 2 1 1</td>
|
||
<td id="76875DBEFFA7A7957084FE9749D4FDDE" box="[950,1225,367,516]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
do.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA758697084FE7049D4FE44" author="Sanamyan, K. E. & N. P. Sanamyan" box="[950,1225,392,414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="307 - 344" refId="ref3233" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. and N. P. Sanamyan 2006. Deep-water ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from the northern and western Pacific. Journal of Natural History 40: 307 - 344." type="journal article" year="2006">Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA758697084FE594979FE6C" author="Vinogradova, N. G." box="[950,1124,417,439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="489 - 512" refId="ref3373" refString="Vinogradova, N. G. 1970. [Deep-sea ascidians of the genus Culeolus of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench]. Trudy Instituta Oceanologii 86: 489 - 512 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1970">Vinogradova, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
do. present study
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA758697084FE154979FDD8" author="Vinogradova, N. G." box="[950,1124,493,515]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="489 - 512" refId="ref3373" refString="Vinogradova, N. G. 1970. [Deep-sea ascidians of the genus Culeolus of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench]. Trudy Instituta Oceanologii 86: 489 - 512 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1970">Vinogradova, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD93680FFA75869738BFDED4E1AFDF4" blockId="3.[185,775,533,558]" box="[185,775,533,558]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<tableNote id="7680370EFFA75869738BFDED4E1AFDF4" box="[185,775,533,558]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" targetBox="[178,1225,252,516]" targetPageId="3">*) Part of Vinogradova`s 10 specimens listed immediately above.</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C650BFFA7586E7395FC924CEEFCC0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD93680FFA758697395FC924FF3FAF8" blockId="3.[140,670,874,1800]" lastBlockId="3.[707,1236,595,1800]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA758697395FC924C19FC58" box="[167,260,874,898]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The present specimen is closely similar to the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA75869710AFC754F80FC7E" authorityName="Vinogradova" authorityYear="1970" box="[568,669,909,932]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA75869710AFC754F80FC7E" box="[568,669,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">C. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA758697233FC574CFCFC1D" author="Vinogradova, N. G." box="[257,481,943,967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="489 - 512" refId="ref3373" refString="Vinogradova, N. G. 1970. [Deep-sea ascidians of the genus Culeolus of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench]. Trudy Instituta Oceanologii 86: 489 - 512 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1970">Vinogradova (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60FD09FFA758697112FC574DE6FC30" count="40" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="generic" typeStatus="syntype">40 syntype specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DD8822FFA758697239FC2A4C77FC30" box="[267,362,978,1002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
not designated) from 6 stations in the NW Pacific at depths of
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E9B65FFA75869710DFC0C4DFEFBF5" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6545000000000005" metricValueMax="6.282000000000001" metricValueMin="5.026999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="5654.5" valueMax="6282.0" valueMin="5027.0">5,027 to 6,282 m</quantity>
|
||
; in particular, in the proximal end of the stalk running along the anteroventral aspect of the body, the tunic crest U-shaped and opening dorsally, the dense visceral distribution of horny spicules, 6 distinct branchial folds, a simple ciliated groove, simple U-shaped intestine, and 3 elongated, (almost always) lobed and endocarpbearing gonads on each side, opening near the atrial aperture. The position of the ventral-most gonad on the left (i.e., within the first intestinal loop or not), seems to be a significant diagnostic character within the genus, but the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA758697201FA404C84FA15" authorityName="Vinogradova" authorityYear="1970" box="[307,409,1464,1487]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA758697201FA404C84FA15" box="[307,409,1464,1487]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">C. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacked that detail. An attempt (by
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77AE45FFA758697226FA224C24FA28" box="[276,313,1498,1522]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">TN</collectionCode>
|
||
) to examine the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DD8822FFA7586972C9FA224F45FA28" box="[507,600,1498,1522]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA7586971B7FA224DD1F9CE" authorityName="Vinogradova" authorityYear="1970" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA7586971B7FA224DD1F9CE" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">C. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, deposited at the P. P. Shirshow Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA758697236F9BA4CF9F980" author="Vinogradova, N. G." box="[260,484,1602,1626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="489 - 512" refId="ref3373" refString="Vinogradova, N. G. 1970. [Deep-sea ascidians of the genus Culeolus of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench]. Trudy Instituta Oceanologii 86: 489 - 512 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1970">Vinogradova, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 490), was unsuccessful. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA758697294F99D4C08F945" author="Sanamyan, K. E. & N. P. Sanamyan" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="307 - 344" refId="ref3233" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. and N. P. Sanamyan 2006. Deep-water ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from the northern and western Pacific. Journal of Natural History 40: 307 - 344." type="journal article" year="2006">Sanamyan and Sanamyan (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described ltwo intact specimensz of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA7586973BEF9524DEDF918" authorityName="Vinogradova" authorityYear="1970" box="[140,240,1706,1730]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA7586973BEF9524DEDF918" box="[140,240,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">C. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, collected at [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77AE45FFA7586972A3F9524CB9F918" box="[401,420,1706,1730]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77AE45FFA75869729EF9524CDDF918" box="[428,448,1706,1730]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
bVityaz`] lSt. 5621, 5030–5031 mz and lidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA7586972C7F9354F80F93E" authorityName="Vinogradova" authorityYear="1970" box="[501,669,1741,1765]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA7586972C7F9354F80F93E" box="[501,669,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Culeolus tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Vinogradovaz (p. 330) [part of Vinogradova`s (1970)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60FD09FFA758697023FDAD4E8DFDB7" box="[785,912,597,621]" count="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="generic" typeStatus="syntype">10 syntypes</specimenCount>
|
||
from the bVityaz` station 5621 (K. Sanamyan, personal communication; see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E4033BFFA7586971F1FD624E18FD68" box="[707,773,666,690]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[197,247,208,230]" captionText="Table 1.ɹKnown localities of Culeolus tenuis Vinogradova, 1970, listed from north to south, also see Fig. 1" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
)], as having three elongated lobed gonads on each side, with one of the left gonads included in the first intestinal loop. In gonadal number and arrangement, therefore, the present specimen from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717610FFA758697008FCDD4E6AFCE6" box="[826,887,805,828]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
Trench is identical to those described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA75869706EFCBF49CDFC85" author="Sanamyan, K. E. & N. P. Sanamyan" box="[860,1232,839,863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="307 - 344" refId="ref3233" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. and N. P. Sanamyan 2006. Deep-water ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from the northern and western Pacific. Journal of Natural History 40: 307 - 344." type="journal article" year="2006">Sanamyan and Sanamyan (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, supporting the identification of the specimen collected off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2F862FFA758697007FC754EB2FC7F" box="[821,943,909,933]" country="Japan" name="Fukushima" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Fukushima</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The description by Sanamyan and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA758697007FC574EEEFC1D" author="Sanamyan, K. E. & N. P. Sanamyan" box="[821,1011,943,967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="209 - 214" refId="ref3197" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. and N. P. Sanamyan 1998. Some deep-water ascidians from the NW Pacific (Tunicata: Ascidi- acea). Zoosystematica Rossica 7: 209 - 214." type="journal article" year="1998">Sanamyan (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of a single non-type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA758697063FC2A4EA9FC30" authorityName="Vinogradova" authorityYear="1970" box="[849,948,978,1002]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA758697063FC2A4EA9FC30" box="[849,948,978,1002]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">C. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Aleutian Trench noted only two gonads (instead of three) on the right side, whereas the number and arrangement of left gonads matched the description in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA7586977A5FBC24EE7FBAF" author="Sanamyan, K. E. & N. P. Sanamyan" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="307 - 344" refId="ref3233" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. and N. P. Sanamyan 2006. Deep-water ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from the northern and western Pacific. Journal of Natural History 40: 307 - 344." type="journal article" year="2006">Sanamyan and Sanamyan (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of specimens from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench, as well as the present
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717610FFA758697029FB5A4E45FB63" box="[795,856,1186,1209]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
Trench specimen. The taxonomic status of the Aleutian specimen should be reconsidered following examination of further material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD93680FFA7586971EFFAD5498DF945" blockId="3.[707,1236,595,1800]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA7586971EFFAD54958FA9F" author="Sanamyan, K. E. & N. P. Sanamyan" box="[733,1093,1325,1349]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="307 - 344" refId="ref3233" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. and N. P. Sanamyan 2006. Deep-water ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from the northern and western Pacific. Journal of Natural History 40: 307 - 344." type="journal article" year="2006">Sanamyan and Sanamyan (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted specimens as having the tunic surface lalmost smooth, without papillaez (p. 330), Vinogadova (1970) having earlier described the tunic surface in some specimens as being furnished with irregularly-shaped flat papillae at the posterior end of the body (p. 493). However, the entire body surface of the present specimen was densely covered with minute papillae. Any taxonomic significance of this difference is presently questionable, and requires further investigation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD93680FFA7586E71EFF9524CEEFCC0" blockId="3.[707,1236,595,1800]" lastBlockId="4.[140,670,215,794]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA75869707BF9524961F918" author="Monniot, C. & F. Monniot" box="[841,1148,1706,1730]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="357 - 448" refId="ref3092" refString="Monniot, C. and F. Monniot 1991. Tunicata: Peuplements d`ascidies profondes en Nouvelle-Caledonie. Diversite des strategies adaptives. Memoires du Museum national d`histoire naturelle, Serie A, Zoologie 151: 357 - 448." type="journal article" year="1991">Monniot and Monniot (1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 421) regarded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA75869701FF9354933F93F" authority="Ritter, 1913" authorityName="Ritter" authorityYear="1913" box="[813,1070,1741,1765]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sluiteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA75869701FF9354E83F93F" box="[813,926,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">C. sluiteri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA758697098F9354933F93F" author="Ritter, W. E." box="[938,1070,1741,1765]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="427 - 505" refId="ref3132" refString="Ritter, W. E. 1913. The simple ascidians from the northeastern Pacific in the collection of the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 43: 427 - 505." type="journal article" year="1913">Ritter, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the NW Pacific as lpeut-être synonyme dez (perhaps a synonym of)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA0586E722EFF204C61FF35" authorityName="Vinogradova" authorityYear="1970" box="[284,380,216,239]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA0586E722EFF204C61FF35" box="[284,380,216,239]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">C. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they overlooked the presence of only lfive prominent (branchial) folds on each sidez (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA0586E7223FEE54C84FEEF" author="Ritter, W. E." box="[273,409,285,309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" pagination="427 - 505" refId="ref3132" refString="Ritter, W. E. 1913. The simple ascidians from the northeastern Pacific in the collection of the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 43: 427 - 505." type="journal article" year="1913">Ritter, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 464) in the former species, compared with six in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA0586E72E6FEB84F28FE8D" authorityName="Vinogradova" authorityYear="1970" box="[468,565,320,343]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA0586E72E6FEB84F28FE8D" box="[468,565,320,343]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">C. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA0586E739CFE9A4F17FEA0" author="Sanamyan, K. E. & N. P. Sanamyan" box="[174,522,354,378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" pagination="209 - 214" refId="ref3197" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. and N. P. Sanamyan 1998. Some deep-water ascidians from the NW Pacific (Tunicata: Ascidi- acea). Zoosystematica Rossica 7: 209 - 214." type="journal article" year="1998">Sanamyan and Sanamyan (1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA0586E7127FE9A4F52FEA0" author="Sanamyan, K. E. & N. P. Sanamyan" box="[533,591,354,378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" pagination="307 - 344" refId="ref3233" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. and N. P. Sanamyan 2006. Deep-water ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from the northern and western Pacific. Journal of Natural History 40: 307 - 344." type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA0586E73BEFE7D4DF1FE46" authorityName="Vinogradova" authorityYear="1970" box="[140,236,389,412]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA0586E73BEFE7D4DF1FE46" box="[140,236,389,412]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">C. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be regarded as valid, being distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA0586E73F8FE504C25FE65" authorityName="Ritter" authorityYear="1913" box="[202,312,423,447]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sluiteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA0586E73F8FE504C25FE65" box="[202,312,423,447]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">C. sluiteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA0586E7284FE5F4C0CFE38" author="Sanamyan, K. E. & N. P. Sanamyan" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" pagination="209 - 214" refId="ref3197" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. and N. P. Sanamyan 1998. Some deep-water ascidians from the NW Pacific (Tunicata: Ascidi- acea). Zoosystematica Rossica 7: 209 - 214." type="journal article" year="1998">Sanamyan and Sanamyan (1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA0586E722CFE324C48FE38" author="Sanamyan, K. E. & N. P. Sanamyan" box="[286,341,458,482]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" pagination="307 - 344" refId="ref3233" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. and N. P. Sanamyan 2006. Deep-water ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from the northern and western Pacific. Journal of Natural History 40: 307 - 344." type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) questioned the validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA0586E71B7FE324CADFDDF" authority="Sanamyan, 1992" authorityName="Sanamyan" authorityYear="1992" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nadejdae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA0586E71B7FE324DF3FDDF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">C. nadejdae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA0586E73CBFE154CADFDDF" author="Sanamyan, K." box="[249,432,493,517]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" pagination="187 - 194" refId="ref3170" refString="Sanamyan, K. 1992. Ascidians from the sea of Okhotsk collected by R. V. lNovoulyanovskz. Ophelia 36: 187 - 194." type="journal article" year="1992">Sanamyan, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a species distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA0586E73FBFDE84C36FDFD" authorityName="Vinogradova" authorityYear="1970" box="[201,299,528,551]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA0586E73FBFDE84C36FDFD" box="[201,299,528,551]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">C. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the former is so far known only from the Sea of Okhotsk, in
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE525047FFA0586E728FFDCA4CE4FD90" box="[445,505,562,586]" degrees="1,050" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" precision="55" value="1.05">1,050</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE525047FFA0586E72CBFDCA4F5EFD90" box="[505,579,562,586]" degrees="1,040" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" precision="55" value="-1.04">
|
||
–
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E9B65FFA0586E7135FDCA4F46FD93" box="[519,603,562,586]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1040.0">1,040 m</quantity>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
depth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA0586E73A1FDAD4C53FDB7" author="Sanamyan, K." box="[147,334,597,621]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" pagination="187 - 194" refId="ref3170" refString="Sanamyan, K. 1992. Ascidians from the sea of Okhotsk collected by R. V. lNovoulyanovskz. Ophelia 36: 187 - 194." type="journal article" year="1992">Sanamyan, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp. 188–190), and is clearly distinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D03FFA0586E725DFD804CD3FD55" authorityName="Vinogradova" authorityYear="1970" box="[367,462,632,655]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA92FFA0586E725DFD804CD3FD55" box="[367,462,632,655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">C. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the number and arrangement of left gonads [total of 2–5, all in the first intestinal loop in the former; 3 (one in the loop) in the latter], as correctly noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B71FFA0586E73BEFCFA4CF2FCC0" author="Sanamyan, K. E. & N. P. Sanamyan" box="[140,495,770,794]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" pagination="307 - 344" refId="ref3233" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. and N. P. Sanamyan 2006. Deep-water ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from the northern and western Pacific. Journal of Natural History 40: 307 - 344." type="journal article" year="2006">Sanamyan and Sanamyan (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |