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<mods:title id="DA16D1E5A11DA406B70003E78311725F">The genus Polistes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Brazil: morphological diagnoses, identification key, and geographical distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BCFB265D21A443F316DD34E21E38ED5B">Brito, Samanta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D288D9A29F3B8AD9A6F6CDE2116740AD">Oliveira, Marcio L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C1B6AD4C911AD06AE502A55D79F4E0B5">Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F71241AD28E5FBF971DF0A34EF878625">Somavilla, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AFE029B3A19EA91C17154EFE17FB8376">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, AM, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="68E6C43ECC033543E345702751A0D2E3">2024</mods:date>
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<heading id="D0E281CAFFAFFFE3CCEEF8F949D5F8AB" bold="true" box="[151,677,1796,1823]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="535" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFAFFFE3CCEEF8F949D5F8AB" ID-CoL="4KYJS" authority="Fox, 1898" authorityName="Fox" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,677,1796,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracicus" subGenus="Epicnemius">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFAFFFE3CCEEF8F949D5F8AB" bold="true" box="[151,677,1796,1823]" pageId="26" pageNumber="535">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFAFFFE3CCEEF8F94B84F8AA" bold="true" box="[151,244,1796,1823]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="535">Polistes</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFAFFFE3CD7CF8F94AE4F8AB" bold="true" box="[261,404,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="535">Epicnemius</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFAFFFE3CDDFF8F94955F8AA" bold="true" box="[422,549,1796,1823]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="535">thoracicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B57FFAFFFE3CE55F8F849D5F8AB" author="Fox, W. J." box="[556,677,1796,1823]" pageId="26" pageNumber="535" pagination="445 - 460" refId="ref26765" refString="Fox, W. J. (1898) Contributions to the knowledge of the Hymenoptera of Brazil. No. 5 Vespidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1898, 445 - 460." type="book chapter" year="1898">Fox, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFAFFFE3CCEEF8D54A57F8F6" blockId="26.[151,677,1796,1859]" box="[151,295,1832,1859]" pageId="26" pageNumber="535">
(
<figureCitation id="132E2A23FFAFFFE3CCE6F8D54A6FF8F6" box="[159,287,1832,1859]" captionStart="FIGURES 7786" captionStartId="28.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[260,1328,188,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-17@28.[253,1335,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 7786. Polistes spp. 77, 78. P. (Epicnemius) thoracicus Fox. 79, 80. P. (E.) torresae Silveira. 81, 82. P. (Onerarius) carnifex (Fabricius). 83, 84. P. (Palisotius) major Palisot de Beauvois. 85, 86. P. (P.) paraguayensis Bertoni. 77, 79, 81, 83, 85. Dorsal view.78, 80, 82, 84, 86. Lateral view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13617551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13617551/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="535">Figs 77, 78</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFAFFFE3CCEEF890494FF831" blockId="26.[151,575,1901,1925]" box="[151,575,1901,1925]" pageId="26" pageNumber="535">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB051188FFAFFFE3CCEEF890494FF831" box="[151,575,1901,1925]" pageId="26" pageNumber="535">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB410B7FFAFFFE3CCEEF8904A8BF830" author="Fox, W. J." box="[151,507,1901,1925]" page="447" pageId="26" pageNumber="535" year="1898">
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFAFFFE3CCEEF8904A8BF830" ID-CoL="4KYJS" authority="Fox, 1898: 447" authorityName="Fox" authorityPageNumber="447" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,507,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracicus">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFAFFFE3CCEEF8904A29F830" box="[151,345,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="535">Polistes thoracicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B57FFAFFFE3CD26F8904A8BF830" author="Fox, W. J." box="[351,507,1901,1925]" pageId="26" pageNumber="535" pagination="445 - 460" refId="ref26765" refString="Fox, W. J. (1898) Contributions to the knowledge of the Hymenoptera of Brazil. No. 5 Vespidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1898, 445 - 460." type="book chapter" year="1898">Fox, 1898: 447</bibRefCitation>
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,
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,
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFAFFFE3CE5CF890494BF831" box="[549,571,1901,1924]" count="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="535" type="male"></specimenCount>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30F652DFFAFFFE2CCEEF84E4AADFE18" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="26" pageNumber="535" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFAFFFE2CCEEF84E4EEDFED0" blockId="26.[151,1436,1971,2034]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="26" pageNumber="535">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFAFFFE3CCEEF84E4A07F878" bold="true" box="[151,375,1971,1997]" pageId="26" pageNumber="535">Diagnosis. Female.</emphasis>
Body pigmentation brown with largely black mesospisternum. Wings pigmentation yellowish to light brown. Big size, usually more than
<quantity id="4CED9B43FFAFFFE3CEEEF82A4999F847" box="[663,745,2007,2034]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="535" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
in total length. Clypeus long than wider, with long bristles located only in the inferior region, and small and shallow punctures in the lower region, apex pointed, clypeus-eye slightly separated; gena width at midlength equal to or slightly wider than eye; occipital carina strong, extending through entire gena; humeri not projecting; dorsal groove incomplete; mesepisternum with short and dense bristles, small and shallow punctation; propodeal concavity widely extended in the center, propodeal striae strong in the center and weak on the sides; tergum I longer than wide, with short and dense bristles, and strong, medium sized, and deep punctures; tergum II wider than or as wide as long, with short and dense bristles, and strong punctures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFAEFFE2CCEEFE924AADFE18" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFAEFFE2CCEEFE924BABFE3C" bold="true" box="[151,219,367,393]" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">Male.</emphasis>
Similar to females except for yellowish face, coxae and posterior tarsal region, may be clear than the body, propodeum with weak striae.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFAEFFE2CCBEFE4B4AD9FE65" bold="true" box="[199,425,438,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFAEFFE2CDCEFE4A4AACFE64" box="[439,476,439,465]" count="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFAEFFE2CD91FE4A497BFE64" box="[488,523,439,465]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFAEFFE2CE6BFE4A486CFE64" box="[530,796,439,465]" country="Brazil" location="Brasilia" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" specimenCount="1">
in total.
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFAEFFE2CE16FE4A49C8FE64" box="[623,696,439,465]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
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</materialsCitation>
,
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<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFAEFFE2CF5EFE4A483AFE64" box="[807,842,439,465]" count="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFAEFFE2CF20FE4A48D0FE64" box="[857,928,439,465]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFAEFFE2CFCDFE4A4888FE64" box="[948,1016,439,465]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">Goiás</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFAEFFE2C87AFE4A4FFCFE64" box="[1027,1164,439,465]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Goias">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFAEFFE2C87AFE4A4F56FE64" box="[1027,1062,439,465]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFAEFFE2C84CFE4A4FF4FE64" box="[1077,1156,439,465]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFAEFFE2C8EEFE4A4E3AFE64" box="[1175,1354,439,465]" collectionCode="NHM" country="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Goias">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFAEFFE2C8EEFE4A4FCAFE64" box="[1175,1210,439,465]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFAEFFE2C8B1FE4A4F9BFE64" box="[1224,1259,439,465]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFAEFFE2C883FE4A4E32FE64" box="[1274,1346,439,465]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFAEFFE2CCBEFE274A11FE41" bold="true" box="[199,353,474,500]" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFAEFFE2CD1EFE264AC0FE40" box="[359,432,475,501]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Distrito Federal,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFAEFFE2CE00FE2649CDFE40" box="[633,701,475,501]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">Goiás</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFAEFFE2CEB0FE26482DFE40" box="[713,861,475,501]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
, Pará;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFAEFFE2CFD1FE264F62FE40" box="[936,1042,475,501]" name="Paraguay" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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