314 lines
34 KiB
XML
314 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="14419CA10F63C23B8D904C4FCCC1D78F" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4158.1.6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4158.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c7cca607-f29d-4b54-9bd3-479da952a9a6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="261459" ID-ZooBank="5AC8AC88-0AD2-4D70-AE0B-7FE4770DE159" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1472201055970" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Santos, George Garcia, Pinheiro, Ulisses, Hajdu, Eduardo & Soest, Rob Van" docDate="2016" docId="03BC879F836D7902FF0D2AFA1E3CFC77" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4158.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4158 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Heteroxyidae Dendy 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="FF85FFE7836C7900FF9A2F391B3FFFD2" masterDocTitle="New Genus and species of Heteroxyidae from Brazil (Axinellida: Demospongiae: Porifera), with a revised identification key for the family" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="106" updateTime="1698382925734" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="575B7AFE07093F13092817B3571FC8B0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1E4317BD2815288C63702F126ECD60D5">
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<mods:title id="929D52D0814D6185C2D3DEACA608C32F">New Genus and species of Heteroxyidae from Brazil (Axinellida: Demospongiae: Porifera), with a revised identification key for the family</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="BDF9E5F7B373FCDE4D06ECA35CDDF230" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CBAD41C0212BB47C17D0C2A17ECDF1E9">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4BB379004CC0D689CE145F1D4E223FB9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9D746F2D242A9FA965D1D7DC3C080032">Santos, George Garcia</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="97E96D9D449FBC6F6523CD24A63A4A3D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FF35A36E24BD9D41915A6805065DF59E">Pinheiro, Ulisses</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="4174215D2D8764F39EBA2059F980677F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C2F0B76E757683AE9424E8437F347E67">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="31AD08B685C404349B6652107B256724">Hajdu, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="848D0DBFEAB9A875B6B085D93990B3ED" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A05CC3109B3112213CD21E5530D5FB9A">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9FBF90C2B3A4480E9CE4F48CEBE33FAC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9C9B4960CF3DC65FA521BE69E2044488">Soest, Rob Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B9EE4041CA018C4FC83391AB804E6037">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2CEA20B55936718C2BC4C3CF4191FBC3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3B33ABA68B589D69E84869B1E6B9D399">
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<mods:date id="1A48852B07C935D3F933306EDB8DFB14">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0A066B2134B32E9114C67E14CB2E5AE4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="10E89B96C393AC7C0E6DC12449BC8424">4158</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E33479A3C683DE466496120EB450AD50" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="93DE3A3961F58C1F60E8EFBA11A9E222">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="19849A361ADA5CE688FC0843BB39A272">105</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="0486582A4E57CBF4EA1DADE2B1BBB6F0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="90E9F4341A2688DF265D3C0E7806610E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4158.1.6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BC879F836D7902FF0D2AFA1E3CFC77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6058224" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124408167" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6058224" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC879F836D7902FF0D2AFA1E3CFC77" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC879F836D7902FF0D2AFA1E3CFC77" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<subSubSection id="C30F6502836D7901FF0D2AFA1945F9CD" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAA3689836D7901FF0D2AFA1901FA0F" blockId="1.[151,574,1475,1501]" box="[151,574,1475,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<heading id="D0E281E5836D7901FF0D2AFA1901FA0F" bold="true" box="[151,574,1475,1501]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836D7901FF0D2AFA1901FA0F" bold="true" box="[151,574,1475,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836D7901FF6C2AFA1901FA0F" authority="Dendy, 1905" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1905" box="[246,574,1475,1501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">
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Heteroxyidae
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B78836D7901FE3F2AFA1901FA0F" author="Dendy" box="[421,574,1475,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" refString="Dendy, A. (1905) Report on the sponges collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Ed.), Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. Vol. 3. Supplement 18. The Royal Society, London, pp. 57 - 246." type="book chapter" year="1905">Dendy, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAA3689836D7901FF0D29331945F9CD" blockId="1.[151,634,1545,1567]" box="[151,634,1545,1567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836D7901FF0D29331BC1F9CD" box="[151,254,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Synonymy</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836D7901FE9129301949F9CD" authority="Hallmann, 1917: 649" authorityName="Hallmann" authorityPageNumber="649" authorityYear="1917" box="[267,630,1545,1567]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmoxyidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">
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Desmoxyidae
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B78836D7901FE062930197CF9CD" author="Hallmann" box="[412,579,1545,1567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" refString="Hallmann, E. F. (1917) A revision of the genera with microscleres included, or provisionally included, in the family Axinellidae; with descriptions of some Australian species. Part III. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 41 (164), 634 - 675. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 15326" type="journal article" year="1917">Hallmann, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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: 649
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30F6502836D7901FF0D29751A4BF97F" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAA3689836D7901FF0D29751A4BF97F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1612,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836D7901FF0D29751E24F9B7" bold="true" box="[151,1307,1612,1637]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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Definition (emended from Hooper (2002; as
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836D7901FD262975185FF9B7" box="[700,864,1612,1637]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmoxyidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Desmoxyidae</taxonomicName>
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); additions highlighted in boldface).
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836D7901FABC29751EA3F9B7" box="[1318,1436,1612,1637]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Axinellida</taxonomicName>
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with smooth or spined, usually centrangulate microxea microscleres, or modified forms
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836D7901FB2D29561E32F95A" bold="true" box="[1207,1293,1647,1672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">usually</emphasis>
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forming an ectosomal skeleton.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30F6502836D7901FF5D298E19CFF822" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BAA3689836D7901FF5D298E19CFF822" blockId="1.[151,1436,1612,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836D7901FF5D298E1EA3F902" bold="true" box="[199,1436,1719,1744]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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Diagnosis (emended from Hooper (2002; as
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836D7901FC81298E1880F902" box="[795,959,1719,1744]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmoxyidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Desmoxyidae</taxonomicName>
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); additions highlighted in boldface).
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</emphasis>
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Encrusting,
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836D7901FE8529E51ABDF927" bold="true" box="[287,386,1756,1781]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">saccular</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836D7901FE0A29E51AD0F927" bold="true" box="[400,495,1756,1781]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">alveolar</emphasis>
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, massive or ramose sponges often with hispid or conulose surfaces bearing smooth or spined microxea/
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836D7901FE1629C61996F8CA" bold="true" box="[396,681,1791,1816]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">acanthomicrostrongyles</emphasis>
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microscleres, often centrangulate or strongly bent centrally, sometimes acanthose and rhabdose, usually found on the ectosome, sometimes also with raphides occurring singly or in bundles (trichodragmata), or acanthose cladotoxa and birotules in one genus; megascleres monactinal (styles or tylostyles), diactinal (oxeas, strongyles) or both,
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836D7901FD4F28551FAAF857" bold="true" box="[725,1173,1900,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">may present modifications at the ends</emphasis>
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; choanosomal skeleton a confused arrangement of single spicules or widely spaced reticulate bundles of multispicular fibres, with little spongin, with poorly developed or no axial compression, and a relatively poorly differentiated extra-axial skeleton (disorganized-plumose);
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836D7901FE3528E119D6F823" bold="true" box="[431,745,2008,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">cortex absent in one genus</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30F6502836E7902FF5D2FAE1E3CFC77" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BAA3689836E7902FF5D2FAE1AEBFECE" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FF5D2FAE1A04FF62" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Remarks.</emphasis>
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According to van
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B78836E7902FDBE2FA1183CFF62" box="[548,771,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Vacelet, J., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R. & Klautau, M. (2016) World Porifera database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (accessed 30 March 2016)" type="journal article">
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Soest
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FDF72FA01993FF62" box="[621,684,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">et al.</emphasis>
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(2016)
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</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FC8A2FAE1898FF62" box="[784,935,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Heteroxyidae</taxonomicName>
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comprises
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FBA92FAE1EA8FF62" authority="Bergquist, 1970" authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1970" box="[1075,1431,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Acanthoclada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FBA92FAE1FF1FF62" box="[1075,1230,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Acanthoclada</emphasis>
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Bergquist, 1970
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FF0D2F851A86FF06" authority="Topsent, 1927" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,441,188,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Alloscleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FF0D2F851A2DFF07" box="[151,274,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Alloscleria</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B78836E7902FE822F841A86FF06" author="Topsent" box="[280,441,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" refString="Topsent, E. (1927) Diagnoses d'Eponges nouvelles recueillies par le Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique Monaco, 502, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1927">Topsent, 1927</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FE5E2F8419C9FF06" authority="Hallmann, 1917" authorityName="Hallmann" authorityYear="1917" box="[452,758,188,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Desmoxya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FE5E2F841906FF06" box="[452,569,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Desmoxya</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B78836E7902FDA52F8519C9FF06" author="Hallmann" box="[575,758,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" refString="Hallmann, E. F. (1917) A revision of the genera with microscleres included, or provisionally included, in the family Axinellidae; with descriptions of some Australian species. Part III. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 41 (164), 634 - 675. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 15326" type="journal article" year="1917">Hallmann, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FC9B2F8518C4FF06" authority="Dendy, 1922" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[769,1019,188,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Didiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FC9B2F85185CFF07" box="[769,867,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Didiscus</emphasis>
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Dendy, 1922
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FB9C2F841E1FFF06" authority="Topsent, 1898" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1898" box="[1030,1312,188,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Heteroxya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FB9C2F841F45FF06" box="[1030,1146,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Heteroxya</emphasis>
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Topsent, 1898
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FAB62F851A55FF2A" authority="de Laubenfels, 1936" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1936" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Julavis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FAB62F851E44FF07" box="[1324,1403,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Julavis</emphasis>
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de Laubenfels, 1936
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FE1E2FE619E9FF2A" authority="Topsent, 1928" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1928" box="[388,726,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Microxistyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FE1E2FE6192EFF2A" box="[388,529,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Microxistyla</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B78836E7902FDBC2FD919E9FF2A" author="Topsent" box="[550,726,224,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" refString="Topsent, E. (1928) Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Mediterranee provenant des croisieres du Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I Monaco, 74, 1 - 376, pls. I - XI." type="journal article" year="1928">Topsent, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FD752FE61F62FF2A" authority="Ehlers, 1870" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1870" box="[751,1117,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FD752FE61897FF2A" box="[751,936,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Myrmekioderma</emphasis>
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Ehlers, 1870
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</taxonomicName>
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;
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FBEC2FE61EA8FF2A" authority="Dendy, 1905" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1905" box="[1142,1431,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Negombo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FBEC2FE61FDDFF2A" box="[1142,1250,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Negombo</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B78836E7902FB6D2FE61EA8FF2A" author="Dendy" box="[1271,1431,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" refString="Dendy, A. (1905) Report on the sponges collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Ed.), Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. Vol. 3. Supplement 18. The Royal Society, London, pp. 57 - 246." type="book chapter" year="1905">Dendy, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FF0D2E3D1AEEFECE" authority="Dendy, 1924" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,465,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Parahigginsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FF0D2E3D1A08FECF" box="[151,311,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Parahigginsia</emphasis>
|
|
Dendy, 1924
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAA3689836E7902FF5D2E111E3CFC77" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CD4836E7902FF5D2E111E3CFC77" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1300256171" collectionCode="PHASE" collectorName="Recent & Morrow & Redmond & Suberitida & Cardenas & Erpenbeck & van Soest & Family-level & Boury-Esnault & Chombard & Suberitina & This & The" location="between Halichondriidae and Suberitidae" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" specimenCount="1">
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FF5D2E111A2AFEED" box="[199,277,296,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Recent</collectorName>
|
|
results derived from molecular phylogenies (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B78836E7902FC882E1118CEFE92" author="Morrow" box="[786,1009,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" refString="Morrow, C. C., Picton, B. E., Erpenbeck, D., Boury-Esnault, N., Maggs, C. A. & Allcock, A. L. (2012) Congruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes in Demospongiae: A new hypothesis for relationships within the G 4 clade (Porifera: Demospongiae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62, 174 - 190. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.09.016" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FC882E11184FFE92" box="[786,880,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Morrow</collectorName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FCEC2E101898FE92" box="[886,935,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2012
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FC662E1E1F56FE92" box="[1020,1129,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Redmond</collectorName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FBEA2E101F96FE92" box="[1136,1193,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2013) confirmed that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FF0D2E751A08FEB7" box="[151,311,332,357]" class="Demospongiae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Halichondrida</taxonomicName>
|
|
(current
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FE3E2E751925FEB7" box="[420,538,332,357]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Axinellida</taxonomicName>
|
|
or
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FDDD2E751985FEB7" box="[583,698,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Suberitida</collectorName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FD5E2E74183DFEB6" box="[708,770,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">sensu</emphasis>
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FC972E741856FEB6" box="[781,873,333,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Morrow</collectorName>
|
|
&
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FC0E2E7518C3FEB7" box="[916,1020,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Cardenas</collectorName>
|
|
2015) is a non-monophyletic taxon (
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FF042E561A27FE5A" box="[158,280,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Erpenbeck</collectorName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FEB82E481A61FE5A" box="[290,350,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2005; Erpenbeck &
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FDCE2E4919FCFE5A" box="[596,707,368,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">van Soest</collectorName>
|
|
2005;
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FC822E5618AFFE5A" box="[792,912,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Erpenbeck</collectorName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FC002E4818F0FE5A" box="[922,975,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2012;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B78836E7902FBB02E491E2DFE5A" author="Morrow" box="[1066,1298,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" refString="Morrow, C. C., Picton, B. E., Erpenbeck, D., Boury-Esnault, N., Maggs, C. A. & Allcock, A. L. (2012) Congruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes in Demospongiae: A new hypothesis for relationships within the G 4 clade (Porifera: Demospongiae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62, 174 - 190. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.09.016" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FBB02E491FB9FE55" box="[1066,1158,368,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Morrow</collectorName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FB0A2E481FFAFE5A" box="[1168,1221,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2012
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FABA2E491E43FE55" box="[1312,1404,368,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Morrow</collectorName>
|
|
&
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FF0D2EAD1BC0FE7F" box="[151,255,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Cardenas</collectorName>
|
|
2015).
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FEC22EAD1AD8FE7F" box="[344,487,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Family-level</collectorName>
|
|
taxa within this order are also polyphyletic, or likely so (
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FBED2EAC1FA7FE7E" box="[1143,1176,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">e.g</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B78836E7902FB322EAD1EAEFE7F" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[1192,1425,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. (2006) Systematics and evolution of Demospongiae. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 84, 205 - 224. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 06 - 003" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FB322EAD1E74FE7F" box="[1192,1355,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Boury-Esnault</collectorName>
|
|
2006
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B78836E7902FF0D2E8E1A5DFE02" author="Chombard" box="[151,354,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" refString="Chombard, C. (1998) Les Demospongiae a asters: phylogenie moleculaire et homologie morphologique. Ph. D thesis. Museum National d ' Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 182 pp." type="book" year="1998">
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FF0D2E8E1A32FE02" box="[151,269,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Chombard</collectorName>
|
|
(1998)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B78836E7902FE3B2E8E1802FE02" author="Chombard" box="[417,829,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" refString="Chombard, C. & Boury-Esnault, N. (1999) Good congruence between morphology and molecular phylogeny of Hadromerida, or how to bother sponge taxonomists [abstract]. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 44, 100." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FE3B2E8E1928FE02" box="[417,535,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Chombard</collectorName>
|
|
&
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FDD92E8E19D9FE02" box="[579,742,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Boury-Esnault</collectorName>
|
|
(1999)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, using the 28S rDNA marker, first revealed a close relationship
|
|
<location id="8ECA6052836E7902FEB22EE51837FE27" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC879F836D7902FF0D2AFA1E3CFC77:8ECA6052836E7902FEB22EE51837FE27" box="[296,776,476,501]" name="between Halichondriidae and Suberitidae" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
|
between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FE082EE51978FE27" box="[402,583,476,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Halichondriidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FD122EE51837FE27" box="[648,776,476,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Suberitidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
</location>
|
|
and not with other families assigned to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FB6F2EE51EA6FE27" box="[1269,1433,476,501]" class="Demospongiae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Halichondrida</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B78836E7902FF0D2EC61919FDCA" author="Chombard" box="[151,550,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" refString="Chombard, C. & Boury-Esnault, N. (1999) Good congruence between morphology and molecular phylogeny of Hadromerida, or how to bother sponge taxonomists [abstract]. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 44, 100." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FF0D2EC61A32FDCA" box="[151,269,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Chombard</collectorName>
|
|
&
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FEAB2EC61AEBFDCA" box="[305,468,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Boury-Esnault</collectorName>
|
|
(1999)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
proposed the name
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FC922EC61844FDCA" box="[776,891,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Suberitina</collectorName>
|
|
(=
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FC032EC61F2FFDCA" box="[921,1040,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Suberitida</collectorName>
|
|
) for this new clade.
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FB6F2EC61E18FDCA" box="[1269,1319,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">This</collectorName>
|
|
clade was consistently confirmed in subsequent molecular phylogenetic studies, using more taxa and additional markers (e.g.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B78836E7902FF0D2D711A49FDB2" author="Morrow" box="[151,374,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" refString="Morrow, C. C., Picton, B. E., Erpenbeck, D., Boury-Esnault, N., Maggs, C. A. & Allcock, A. L. (2012) Congruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes in Demospongiae: A new hypothesis for relationships within the G 4 clade (Porifera: Demospongiae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62, 174 - 190. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.09.016" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FF0D2D711BCCFD8D" box="[151,243,584,607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Morrow</collectorName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FF602D701A13FDB2" box="[250,300,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2012
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FE1B2D711AE2FD8D" box="[385,477,584,607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Morrow</collectorName>
|
|
&
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FD982D7E1955FDB2" box="[514,618,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Cardenas</collectorName>
|
|
2015).
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FD5B2D7E19D2FDB2" box="[705,749,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">The</collectorName>
|
|
other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FCAF2D7E18EAFDB2" box="[821,981,583,608]" class="Demospongiae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Halichondrida</taxonomicName>
|
|
families were distributed amongst other clades:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FF692D551A49FD57" box="[243,374,620,645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Axinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FE212D55196DFD57" box="[443,594,620,645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Heteroxyidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
in a well-supported clade for which the resurrected order name was
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FF0D2DB61A32FD7A" box="[151,269,655,680]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Axinellida</taxonomicName>
|
|
(see
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FED12DA91A98FD75" box="[331,423,656,679]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Morrow</collectorName>
|
|
&
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FE572DB6190AFD7A" box="[461,565,655,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Cardenas</collectorName>
|
|
2015).
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FD142DB61985FD7A" box="[654,698,655,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">The</collectorName>
|
|
finding by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B78836E7902FCDA2DA91F15FD7A" author="Morrow" box="[832,1066,655,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" refString="Morrow, C. C., Picton, B. E., Erpenbeck, D., Boury-Esnault, N., Maggs, C. A. & Allcock, A. L. (2012) Congruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes in Demospongiae: A new hypothesis for relationships within the G 4 clade (Porifera: Demospongiae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62, 174 - 190. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.09.016" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|
<collectorName id="26E0535F836E7902FCDA2DA918A3FD75" box="[832,924,656,679]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Morrow</collectorName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FC3E2DA818E2FD7A" box="[932,989,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2012
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED04AE4C836E7902FBAD2DA91FAFFD7A" box="[1079,1168,656,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">PHASE</collectionCode>
|
|
analysis of 28S rRNA) that some heteroxyid genera cluster in a clade that includes
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FCA22D8D1F17FD1F" authority="Gray, 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[824,1064,692,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Stelligeridae" genus="Stelligera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FCA22D8D189BFD1F" box="[824,932,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Stelligera</emphasis>
|
|
Gray, 1867
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(strong posterior probability and bootstrap support), and is sister to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FDF52DEE1F57FD22" authority="Nardo, 1833" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1833" box="[623,1128,727,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Raspailiidae Nardo, 1833 (Poecilosclerida)</taxonomicName>
|
|
, prompted resurrection of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FF0D2DC51ACBFCC6" authority="Lendenfeld, 1898" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,500,764,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Stelligeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Stelligeridae Lendenfeld, 1898</taxonomicName>
|
|
by these authors, who tentatively assigned all heteroxyid genera to this family, in view of the different conceptual framework proposed. This suggested amendment to the Porifera classification is already in use in the
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FE3A2C7D19F7FC8F" box="[416,712,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">World Porifera Database</emphasis>
|
|
(WPD), to which we prefer to adhere for stability reasons. Furthermore, the phylogenetic assignment of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FD022C501833FC52" box="[664,780,873,896]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Heteroxya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EA9B836E7902FD022C501833FC52" box="[664,780,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Heteroxya</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has not yet been verified by molecular techniques, so that it is premature to discard the possibility that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D0A836E7902FD102CB5181EFC77" box="[650,801,908,933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Heteroxyidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
may still have a place in the classification.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |