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<mods:title id="A6EE3E1B51511345B7CB3843A63CDD4D">Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Guartelá State Park, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil: diversity, bioacoustics and description of five new species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D70FFA2FF935AD8A658FC836610" ID-CoL="57CVK" authority="Piza" authorityName="Piza" box="[496,819,344,370]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Tomeophera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modesta">
<emphasis id="B942EAE1FFA2FF935AD8A658FD4D6610" bold="true" box="[496,765,344,370]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125">Tomeophera modesta</emphasis>
Piza
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(
<figureCitation id="130D2A76FFA2FF935972A68EFD7966CA" box="[602,713,398,424]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="46.[160,225,1420,1443]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1389]" captionTargetId="figure-3@46.[163,1153,142,1389]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 17. Tomeophera modesta biology. (a) First-instar nymph; (bd) third-, fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs; (e) adult male; (f) adult female; (g) female after copulation, with spermatophore and spermatophyllax attached in her terminalia; (h) an adult individual of Epidendrum delicatum (Orchidaceae) at the site where a female laid her eggs and the individuals emerged; (i) flowers of E. delicatum. Photos (h) and (i) kindly provided by Phillip Watzke Engelking." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8273580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8273580/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125">Figure 17</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32C6578FFA2FF935B88A6ECFDA36387" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8936F3FFA2FF935B88A6ECFEAE6564" blockId="45.[160,1156,492,1038]" box="[160,286,492,518]" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125">
<emphasis id="B942EAE1FFA2FF935B88A6ECFEAE6564" bold="true" box="[160,286,492,518]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125">Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936F3FFA2FF935B88A50FFC44636C" blockId="45.[160,1156,492,1038]" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125">
The specimens of this species emerged from the bulb of
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<emphasis id="B942EAE1FFA2FF935856A50FFB33654A" box="[894,1155,527,552]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125">Epidendrum delicatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C364D70FFA2FF935B8EA532FE896529" box="[166,313,562,587]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Orchidaceae</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="130D2A76FFA2FF935A73A532FE5F6529" box="[347,495,562,587]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="46.[160,225,1420,1443]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1389]" captionTargetId="figure-3@46.[163,1153,142,1389]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 17. Tomeophera modesta biology. (a) First-instar nymph; (bd) third-, fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs; (e) adult male; (f) adult female; (g) female after copulation, with spermatophore and spermatophyllax attached in her terminalia; (h) an adult individual of Epidendrum delicatum (Orchidaceae) at the site where a female laid her eggs and the individuals emerged; (i) flowers of E. delicatum. Photos (h) and (i) kindly provided by Phillip Watzke Engelking." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8273580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8273580/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125">Figure 17hi</figureCitation>
) collected in
<date id="FF881033FFA2FF9359BCA532FC916529" box="[660,801,562,587]" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125" value="2021-03">March 2021</date>
, where it was possible to see and identify the katydid eggs. The eggs were probably laid in
<date id="FF881033FFA2FF93588AA555FBFC650C" box="[930,1100,597,622]" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125" value="2021-02">February 2021</date>
and remained apparently in diapause until the middle of spring. After hatching from the eggs, the individuals were fed with leaves and fruits of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D70FFA2FF9358FAA59AFBF565D1" box="[978,1093,666,691]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C364D70FFA2FF935B89A5BDFEAC65B4" box="[161,284,701,726]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
. The nymphs can be easily recognised by their colour pattern: green with a medial white band surrounded by orange that goes from head to end of the abdomen (
<figureCitation id="130D2A76FFA2FF935A7EA402FE436479" box="[342,499,770,795]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="46.[160,225,1420,1443]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1389]" captionTargetId="figure-3@46.[163,1153,142,1389]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 17. Tomeophera modesta biology. (a) First-instar nymph; (bd) third-, fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs; (e) adult male; (f) adult female; (g) female after copulation, with spermatophore and spermatophyllax attached in her terminalia; (h) an adult individual of Epidendrum delicatum (Orchidaceae) at the site where a female laid her eggs and the individuals emerged; (i) flowers of E. delicatum. Photos (h) and (i) kindly provided by Phillip Watzke Engelking." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8273580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8273580/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125">Figure 17ad</figureCitation>
), and a projection of tergite X. Wings and ovipositor were evident in the third instar (
<figureCitation id="130D2A76FFA2FF93594AA425FD5D645C" box="[610,749,805,830]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="46.[160,225,1420,1443]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1389]" captionTargetId="figure-3@46.[163,1153,142,1389]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 17. Tomeophera modesta biology. (a) First-instar nymph; (bd) third-, fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs; (e) adult male; (f) adult female; (g) female after copulation, with spermatophore and spermatophyllax attached in her terminalia; (h) an adult individual of Epidendrum delicatum (Orchidaceae) at the site where a female laid her eggs and the individuals emerged; (i) flowers of E. delicatum. Photos (h) and (i) kindly provided by Phillip Watzke Engelking." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8273580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8273580/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125">Figure 17b</figureCitation>
), and developed to adulthood (
<figureCitation id="130D2A76FFA2FF935B80A447FE8E6402" box="[168,318,839,864]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="46.[160,225,1420,1443]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1389]" captionTargetId="figure-3@46.[163,1153,142,1389]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 17. Tomeophera modesta biology. (a) First-instar nymph; (bd) third-, fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs; (e) adult male; (f) adult female; (g) female after copulation, with spermatophore and spermatophyllax attached in her terminalia; (h) an adult individual of Epidendrum delicatum (Orchidaceae) at the site where a female laid her eggs and the individuals emerged; (i) flowers of E. delicatum. Photos (h) and (i) kindly provided by Phillip Watzke Engelking." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8273580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8273580/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125">Figure 17ef</figureCitation>
). Unlike other
<taxonomicName id="4C364D70FFA2FF935AD2A447FD0F6402" box="[506,703,839,864]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropterinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phaneropterinae</taxonomicName>
, this species has diurnal habits, with males stridulating after midday, ceasing activity just after dusk; and at night, they remain in a behaviour of reflex immobilisation (
<figureCitation id="130D2A76FFA2FF9359CDA48DFC2B64C4" box="[741,923,909,934]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="46.[160,225,1420,1443]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1389]" captionTargetId="figure-3@46.[163,1153,142,1389]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 17. Tomeophera modesta biology. (a) First-instar nymph; (bd) third-, fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs; (e) adult male; (f) adult female; (g) female after copulation, with spermatophore and spermatophyllax attached in her terminalia; (h) an adult individual of Epidendrum delicatum (Orchidaceae) at the site where a female laid her eggs and the individuals emerged; (i) flowers of E. delicatum. Photos (h) and (i) kindly provided by Phillip Watzke Engelking." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8273580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8273580/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125">Figure 17a, df</figureCitation>
). In copulation the male transfers a large spermatophyllax and a small spermatophore (
<figureCitation id="130D2A76FFA2FF9358DBA4AFFBC664AA" box="[1011,1142,943,968]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="46.[160,225,1420,1443]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1389]" captionTargetId="figure-3@46.[163,1153,142,1389]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 17. Tomeophera modesta biology. (a) First-instar nymph; (bd) third-, fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs; (e) adult male; (f) adult female; (g) female after copulation, with spermatophore and spermatophyllax attached in her terminalia; (h) an adult individual of Epidendrum delicatum (Orchidaceae) at the site where a female laid her eggs and the individuals emerged; (i) flowers of E. delicatum. Photos (h) and (i) kindly provided by Phillip Watzke Engelking." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8273580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8273580/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125">
Figure
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); the female was observed eating the spermatophyllax
<emphasis id="B942EAE1FFA2FF935807A4D2FCF96489" box="[815,841,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125">ca</emphasis>
. 10 minutes after copulation, and remained with the spermatophore for more than two hours.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B942EAE1FFA2FF935B88A340FE306338" bold="true" box="[160,384,1088,1114]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125">Examined material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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One male and
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,
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,
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,
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,
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\
<collectingCounty id="62E84E7FFFA2FF9359C3A364FC65631F" box="[747,981,1124,1149]" pageId="45" pageNumber="1125">Estadual do Guartelá</collectingCounty>
[Guartelá State Park]\
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,
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.2021 Ovos coletados\em [Eggs collected in]
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M. Fianco, D.N.
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\Barbosa &amp; P.W. Engelking̍ and \Emerged
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1620
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.2021
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,\became adults
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18
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.2022
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̍.
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