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<document id="9B471F8C03B1283CF6AA0CD45F4AD07C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.12170426" ID-ISSN="2386-3803" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12170426" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1718821400646" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Altaba, Cristian R." docDate="2022" docId="039F87C4D8490B289F87FA77FD54FB3E" docLanguage="en" docName="Nemus.12.168-186.pdf" docOrigin="Nemus 12" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C40A3BA05B19340D21880D691A721036.1:Nemus.2022-.journal_article" docStyleId="C40A3BA05B19340D21880D691A721036" docStyleName="Nemus.2022-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Iberellus balearicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="173" masterDocId="FFA6FFBCD84A0B2D9D12FF91FF9AFFA6" masterDocTitle="Nomenclature of Helicidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) endemic to the Balearics" masterLastPageNumber="186" masterPageNumber="168" pageNumber="171" updateTime="1721071674411" updateUser="juliana">
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<mods:title id="ED7BB4D26CFA779CDE5B8322A5673841">Nomenclature of Helicidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) endemic to the Balearics</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="28E365CABAA3BD627D826341CB796ADB">Altaba, Cristian R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="28F3E2551657D05BCE51715B3E7BC556">Department of the Environment and Territory, Government of the Balearic Islands, 07009 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain. &amp; Research Group on Human Evolution and Cogniton (EVOCOG), University of the Balearic Islands, 07072 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain. cristianr. altaba @ uib. cat</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="6ABD88E591FB95BAE21F19C463A26BE9">Nemus</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="68D75A532ABA1C184F6378E0F3352826">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="2D8380673D3A357644A3AFB76E692F84" type="ISSN">2386-3803</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039F87C4D8490B289F87FA77FD54FB3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87C4D8490B289F87FA77FD54FB3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F87C4D8490B289F87FA77FD54FB3E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">
<subSubSection id="C32C6559D8490B2E9F87FA77FB90FA5C" box="[661,1034,1510,1532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="171" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8936D2D8490B2E9F87FA77FB90FA5C" blockId="3.[661,1172,1510,1662]" box="[661,1034,1510,1532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">
<heading id="D0C181BED8490B2E9F87FA77FB90FA5C" bold="true" box="[661,1034,1510,1532]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="171" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D8490B2E9F87FA77FB90FA5C" bold="true" box="[661,1034,1510,1532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D8490B2E9F87FA77FCD4FA5C" baseAuthorityName="Rossmassler" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[661,846,1510,1530]" class="Gastropoda" family="Endodontidae" genus="Iberellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="171" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balearicus">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D8490B2E9F87FA77FCD4FA5C" bold="true" box="[661,846,1510,1530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Iberellus balearicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, not “
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D8490B2E9E98FA77FC65FA5C" baseAuthorityName="Rossmassler" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[906,1023,1510,1530]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Allognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="171" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hispanicus">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D8490B2E9E98FA77FC65FA5C" bold="true" box="[906,1023,1510,1530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">I. hispanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6559D8490B289FBEF994FD54FB3E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="3" pageNumber="171" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8936D2D8490B299FBEF994FF78FBD1" blockId="3.[661,1172,1510,1662]" lastBlockId="4.[113,625,155,1659]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">
Starting in 1835, Valery-Louis-Victor Potiez and André-Louis-Gaspard Michaud serialized their valuable “Galerie des Mollusques” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D8490B2E9EF7F9D4FD58F9D8" author="Potiez &amp; Michaud" firstAuthor="Potiez" pageId="3" pageNumber="171" refId="ref16612" refString="Potiez, V. - L. - V. &amp; Michaud, A. - L. - G. 1835 - 1838. Galerie des Mollus-" type="book" year="1835">Potiez &amp; Michaud, 1835</bibRefCitation>
-1838). Over time, the installments underwent obvious changes in paper, typographic composition and the format of plates (where publication date is printed); eventually, they were (also) offered bound together as the first volume at the end of 1838 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299D6AFE8DFF65FE97" author="Paulucci" box="[120,255,284,306]" firstAuthor="Paulucci" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" pagination="6 - 15" refId="ref16333" refString="Paulucci, M. 1879. Etude critique sur l' Helix BOlmei, Potiez &amp; Michaud. Journal de Conchyliologie, 27: 6 - 15." type="journal article" year="1879">Paulucci, 1879</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299C15FE8DFE22FE94" author="Falkner, G. &amp; Ripken, T. E. J. &amp; Falkner, M." box="[263,440,284,306]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 350" refId="ref13590" refString="Falkner, G., Ripken, T. E. J. &amp; Falkner, M. 2002. Mollusques continentaux de France. Liste de Reference annotee et Bibliographie. Patrimoines naturels, 52: 1 - 350." type="journal article" year="2002">Falkner et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
). By the third installment, at the end of 1835 (p. 89), they published the novel
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299DB9FECFFE9AFED2" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1838" box="[171,256,350,372]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hispanica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299DB9FECFFE9AFED2" box="[171,256,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">Hispanicâ</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
variety of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299C77FECFFDD9FED7" authority="Muller, 1774" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[357,579,348,372]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lactea">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299C77FECFFE52FED2" box="[357,456,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">Helix lactea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299CDFFECDFDD9FED7" author="Muller" box="[461,579,348,370]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" refId="ref15855" refString="Muller, O. F. 1774. Vermivm terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum," type="book" year="1774">Müller, 1774</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The latter is now unanimously placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299F50FEEEFEBFFE14" authority="Schumacher, 1817" authorityName="Schumacher" authorityYear="1817" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Otala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299F50FEEEFDF5FE33" box="[578,623,383,405]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">Otala</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299D63FE0DFEBFFE14" author="Schumacher, C. F." box="[113,293,412,434]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" refId="ref18110" refString="Schumacher, C. F. 1817. Essai d'un nouveau systeme des habitations des vers testaces. Avec XXII planches. [1 - 3], 1 - 287, pl. I-XXII. Schultz. Copenhague." type="book" year="1817">Schumacher, 1817</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. For taxonomy,
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299CC1FE0EFE26FE73" authority="(Potiez &amp; Michaud, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Potiez &amp; Michaud" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Otala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="lactea" variety="hispanica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299CC1FE0EFDA5FE13" box="[467,575,415,437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">Otala lactea</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299D63FE2EFF59FE73" box="[113,195,447,469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">hispanica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299DC3FE2CFE2CFE73" author="Potiez &amp; Michaud" box="[209,438,445,469]" firstAuthor="Potiez" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" refId="ref16612" refString="Potiez, V. - L. - V. &amp; Michaud, A. - L. - G. 1835 - 1838. Galerie des Mollus-" type="book" year="1835">Potiez &amp; Michaud, 1835</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is irrelevant, as it designates simply those specimens whose aperture is very dark; in terms of nomenclature, it preoccupies the name
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299DC9FDB1FEF4FD90" box="[219,366,544,566]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299DC9FDB1FEB5FD90" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1838" box="[219,303,544,566]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hispanica">hispanica</taxonomicName>
/us/um
</emphasis>
for taxa of specific rank within the (once large) genus
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299C9AFDD1FDDEFDF2" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[392,580,574,598]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299C9AFDD1FE2EFDF0" box="[392,436,576,598]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">Helix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299CABFDAFFDDEFDF2" author="Linnaeus" box="[441,580,574,596]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" refId="ref15243" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The availability of the work by Potiez and Michaud prior to 1838 has been questioned (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299C78FDEFFE63FD32" author="Kadolsky, D." box="[362,505,638,660]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" pagination="65 - 90" refId="ref15581" refString="Kadolsky, D. 2012. Nomenclatural comments on non-marine molluscs occurring in the British Isles. Journal of Conchology, 41 (1): 65 - 90." type="journal article" year="2012">Kadolsky, 2012</bibRefCitation>
). As a matter of fact, it appears in a book catalogue for that year (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299D6AFD2EFEBEFD73" author="Anonymous" box="[120,292,703,725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" refId="ref11048" refString="Anonymous. 1839. Bibliograhie de la France, ou Journal general de l'Imprimerie et de la Librairie, et des cartes geographiques, gravures, lithographies et oeuvres de musique. 265 pp. Pillet Aine. Paris." type="book" year="1839">Anonymous, 1839</bibRefCitation>
). However, it is also clear that the work was printed in installments. For example, this is obvious from the footnote on page 120 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299CE3FD6EFF50FC93" author="Falkner, G. &amp; Ripken, T. E. J. &amp; Falkner, M." pageId="4" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 350" refId="ref13590" refString="Falkner, G., Ripken, T. E. J. &amp; Falkner, M. 2002. Mollusques continentaux de France. Liste de Reference annotee et Bibliographie. Patrimoines naturels, 52: 1 - 350." type="journal article" year="2002">Falkner et al, 2002: 103</bibRefCitation>
). This points unambiguously at various dates of publication for the different parts of the book; the relevant part here was issued in 1835. Serializing books was commonplace throughout the 19
<superScript id="7C439B9AD84E0B299CC1FC11FE45FC2A" attach="left" box="[467,479,896,908]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">th</superScript>
century across Europe and the
<collectingCountry id="F3217642D84E0B299C15FC31FE1CFC10" box="[263,390,928,950]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">United States</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299C83FC31FDFCFC11" author="Brake, L. &amp; Demoor, M." box="[401,614,928,951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" refId="ref12023" refString="Brake, L., Demoor, M. (eds.). 2009. Dictionary of nineteenth-century journalism in Great Britain and Ireland. 1014 pp. Academia Press and The British Library. Gent and London." type="book" year="2009">Brake &amp; Demoor, 2009</bibRefCitation>
), and many malacological works were issued in this way (including Tryon &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299C2AFC70FE2DFC5F" author="Pilsbry, H. A." box="[312,439,993,1017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref18492" refString="Tryon G. W. &amp; Pilsbry, H. A. 1894 - 1895. Manual of Conchology; structural and systematic. Second series: Pulmonata, IX. (Helicidae, Vol. 7). Guide to the study of helices. xlviii + 366 + 126 pp., pls. 1 - 71. The Academy of Natural Sciences. Philadelphia." type="book chapter" year="1894">Pilsbry, 1894</bibRefCitation>
-1895). There is no reason whatsoever to assume the authors would have been careful to print the date on the installments only to keep the expensive (and uneven) serial at home for three years.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936D2D84E0B299D9AFB13FE8EFA5D" blockId="4.[113,625,155,1659]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">
Thus, when Emil Adolf Rossmässler presented in his monumental work on the European land and freshwater snails (likewise printed and undoubtedly distributed by installments) his
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299C7DFB74FF07FABE" authority="Rossmassler, 1838" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hispanica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299C7DFB74FE68FB5D" box="[367,498,1253,1275]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">Helix hispanica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299CEBFB72FF07FABE" author="Rossmassler" firstAuthor="Rossmassler" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" refId="ref17013" refString="Rossmassler, E. A. 1838 - 1844. Iconographie der Land- und Susswas-" type="book" year="1838">Rossmässler, 1838</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, this name (extracted from a manuscript catalogue by Partsch) was already preoccupied. Such description, corresponding to figure number 460 (in plate 33), has repeatedly been interpreted as belonging to a species endemic to the Serra de Tramuntana in Mallorca, whose common name is “caragol de serp” (snakes snail). Two issues therein have remained eclipsed but deserve mention.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936D2D84E0B299D9AF994FCC1FD12" blockId="4.[113,625,155,1659]" lastBlockId="4.[661,1173,154,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">
In the first place,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299C21F994FD9CF9BB" author="Rossmassler" box="[307,518,1541,1565]" firstAuthor="Rossmassler" page="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" refId="ref17013" refString="Rossmassler, E. A. 1838 - 1844. Iconographie der Land- und Susswas-" type="book" year="1838">Rossmässler (1838: 15)</bibRefCitation>
states that his
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299D83F9B6FF6DF99B" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1838" box="[145,247,1575,1597]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hispanica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299D83F9B6FF6DF99B" box="[145,247,1575,1597]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">H.hispanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a noteworthy variation.In reality, it encompassed several species from the Balearics and southernmost
<collectingCountry id="F3217642D84E0B299DEFF9F4FEA9F9DD" box="[253,307,1637,1659]" name="Spain" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">Spain</collectingCountry>
. The specimen figured does not belong to any
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299E0DFF0CFCF2FF15" box="[799,872,157,179]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">Iberellus</emphasis>
: the columellar callus covering the umbilicus almost completely, the markedly descending aperture and the color pattern consisting of five narrow, well defined bands (two continuous below and three broken above) make a combination of traits absent from any native Balearic helicid. However, they support the identification of the figured shell as an Andalusian endemic the same author described a few years later:
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299E10FE0EFBDCFE14" authority="Guirao" authorityName="Guirao" box="[770,1094,412,437]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="guiraoanus" variety="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299E10FE0EFCE2FE13" box="[770,888,415,437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">H. guiraoanus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299EB7FE0EFB99FE13" box="[933,1027,415,437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">angustatus</emphasis>
Guirao
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299970FE0CFC86FE74" author="Rossmassler, E. A." pageId="4" pageNumber="172" refId="ref17683" refString="Rossmassler, E. A. 1854. Iconographie der Land- und Susswasser-Mollusken Europa's, mit vorzuglicher Berucksichtigung kritischer und noch nicht abgebildeter Arten. III. Band. 13 / 14: viii + 1 - 39, 15 / 16: viii + 41 - 77 + [1], 17 / 18: viii + 81 - 140, Taf. 61 - 90. H. Costenoble. Leipzig." type="book" year="1854">Rossmässler, 1854</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299E39FE2CFC2AFE74" author="Graells, M. P." box="[811,944,444,467]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" refId="ref14580" refString="Graells, M. P. 1846. Catalogo de los moluscos terrestres y de agua dulce observados en Espana, y descripcion y notas de algunas especies nuevas o poco conocidas del mismo pais. vi [+ i] + 23 [+ 2] pp., lam. [1]. Calleja. Madrid y Lima." type="journal volume" year="1846">Graells (1846)</bibRefCitation>
erroneously identified the “caragol de serp” as
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299E91FE4EFC77FE53" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1838" box="[899,1005,479,501]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hispanica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299E91FE4EFC77FE53" box="[899,1005,479,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">H. hispanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in exchange was right in thus identifying some specimens he had received from Jaén. Likewise,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299EB4FD8CFBB0FD90" author="Hidalgo, J. G." box="[934,1066,541,566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" refId="ref15009" refString="Hidalgo, J. G. 1875. Catalogo iconografico y descriptivo de los moluscos terrestres de Espana, Portugal y las Baleares. iv + 224 pp., 24 lams. S. Martinez. Madrid." type="book" year="1875">Hidalgo (1875)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned from the Balearics
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299E52FDD1FC55FDF0" box="[832,975,576,598]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299E52FDD1FC55FDF0" box="[832,975,576,598]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">Helix marmorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Férussac in Férussac &amp; Deshayes, 1831), also endemic to
<collectingRegion id="49F2F830D84E0B299EF1FDCFFBDBFDD2" box="[995,1089,606,628]" country="Spain" name="Andalucia" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">Andalusia</collectingRegion>
; he soon corrected the mistake, identifying them as
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B29993CFD11FB0EFD30" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1904" box="[1070,1172,640,662]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balearica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B29993CFD11FB0EFD30" box="[1070,1172,640,662]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">H. balearica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hidalgo, 1978, 1890).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936D2D84E0B299FBEFD2FFC63FBF1" blockId="4.[661,1173,154,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">
Rossmässlers
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299E2BFD50FC0DFD71" box="[825,919,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">angustatus</emphasis>
is now included in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299FC0FD70FC03FD52" authority="Montfort, 1810" authorityName="Montfort" authorityYear="1810" box="[722,921,735,759]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Iberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299FC0FD70FC03FD52" author="Iberus Montfort" box="[722,921,735,759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" pagination="99 - 105" refId="ref15542" refString="of some taxa of the Iberian endemic genus Iberus Montfort, 1810 (Gastropoda, Helicidae). Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 35: 99 - 105." type="journal article" year="1810">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299FC0FD70FC9DFD51" box="[722,775,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">Iberus</emphasis>
Montfort, 1810
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, endemic to the south and east of the Iberian Peninsula and including several taxa of unclear rank (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299E2DFC8EFC56FC92" author="Boettger, C. R." box="[831,972,799,820]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" pagination="183 - 197" refId="ref11481" refString="Boettger, C. R. 1938. Die Veranderlichkeit der Schale von Iberus guOtierOnus L. Bericht der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaf, 3: 183 - 197." type="journal article" year="1938">Boettger, 1938</bibRefCitation>
; García San
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299959FC8EFD5BFCF3" author="Garcia-San Nicolas, E." pageId="4" pageNumber="172" pagination="199 - 390" refId="ref13988" refString="Garcia-San Nicolas, E. 1957. Estudios sobre la biologia, la anatomia y la sistematica del genero Iberus Montfort, 1810. Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural (Biologia), 55: 199 - 390." type="book chapter" year="1957">Nicolás, 1957</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299FC1FCAEFC04FCF2" author="Elejalde, M. A. &amp; Madeira, M. J. &amp; Arrebola, J. R. &amp; Munoz, B." box="[723,926,831,853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" pagination="193 - 202" refId="ref13461" refString="Elejalde, M. A., Madeira, M. J., Arrebola, J. R., Munoz, B. &amp; Gomez-Moliner B. J. 2008. Molecular phylogeny, taxonomy and evolution of the land snail genus Iberus (Pulmonata: Helicidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 46 (3): 193 - 202." type="journal article" year="2008">Elejalde et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299EBDFCAEFB11FCF3" author="Bank, R. A. &amp; Luijten, L." box="[943,1163,831,853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" pagination="89 - 98" refId="ref11187" refString="Bank, R. A. &amp; Luijten, L. 2014. Nomenclator of the taxa belonging to the genus Iberus Montfort, 1810 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata, Helicidae). Basteria, 78: 89 - 98." type="journal article" year="2014">Bank &amp; Luijten, 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Assuming two
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299E3BFCF3FCC4FCDE" authorityName="Montfort" authorityYear="1810" box="[809,862,866,888]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Iberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299E3BFCF3FCC4FCDE" box="[809,862,866,888]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">Iberus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens in the Senckenberg Museum would be the type series, and that the type locality given by Rosmässler (1854) would be wrong,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299F87FC51FC2BFC70" author="Martinez-Orti &amp; Robles" box="[661,945,960,982]" firstAuthor="Martinez-Orti" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" refId="ref15527" refString="Martinez-Orti, A. &amp; Robles, F. 2012. On the taxonomical identity" type="book" year="2012">Martínez-Ortí &amp; Robles (2012)</bibRefCitation>
designated a
<typeStatus id="548D8870D84E0B299925FC51FB0AFC70" box="[1079,1168,960,982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, along with other alterations to the nomenclature of the genus. Whether such changes are warranted is dubious (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299F89FBB0FCC7FB91" author="Bank, R. A. &amp; Luijten, L." box="[667,861,1057,1079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" pagination="89 - 98" refId="ref11187" refString="Bank, R. A. &amp; Luijten, L. 2014. Nomenclator of the taxa belonging to the genus Iberus Montfort, 1810 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata, Helicidae). Basteria, 78: 89 - 98." type="journal article" year="2014">Bank &amp; Luijten, 2014</bibRefCitation>
); at any rate, they dont affect the current understanding of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299E94FBD5FC6EFBFC" box="[902,1012,1092,1114]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Iberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299E94FBD5FC6EFBFC" box="[902,1012,1092,1114]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">I. angustatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936D2D84E0B299FBEFBF3FD5CF9DC" blockId="4.[661,1173,154,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">
A second aspect of the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299912FBF5FB1AFBDC" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1838" box="[1024,1152,1124,1146]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hispanica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299912FBF5FB1AFBDC" box="[1024,1152,1124,1146]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">Helix hispanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is critical.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299FF0FB13FC08FB3E" author="Rossmassler" box="[738,914,1154,1176]" firstAuthor="Rossmassler" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" refId="ref17013" refString="Rossmassler, E. A. 1838 - 1844. Iconographie der Land- und Susswas-" type="book" year="1838">Rossmässler (1838)</bibRefCitation>
mentions in synonymy the manuscript names
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299E56FB35FC04FB1C" authorityName="Jay" authorityYear="1839" box="[836,926,1188,1210]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="speciosa">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299E56FB35FC04FB1C" box="[836,926,1188,1210]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">H.speciosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299EDBFB35FBB6FB1C" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1904" box="[969,1068,1188,1210]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balearica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299EDBFB35FBB6FB1C" box="[969,1068,1188,1210]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">H.balearica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, attributed to Ziegler. Some authors have considered that such names were introduced merely as synonyms (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B29994DFB73FC98FABE" author="Beckmann, K. H." pageId="4" pageNumber="172" refId="ref11421" refString="Beckmann, K. H. 2007. Die land- uns Susswassermollusken der Balearischen Inseln. 255 pp. Conchbooks. Hackenheim." type="book" year="2007">Beckmann, 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299E19FA92FC42FABE" author="Welter-Schultes, F. W." box="[779,984,1283,1305]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" refId="ref18638" refString="Welter-Schultes, F. W. 2012. European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification. A 1 - A 3 + 679 pp. + Q 1 - Q 78. Planet Poster Editions. Gottingen." type="book" year="2012">Welter-Schultes, 2012</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B299EF2FA92FB11FABF" author="Chueca, L. J. &amp; Fores, M. &amp; Gomez-Moliner, B. J." box="[992,1163,1283,1307]" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" pagination="63 - 74" refId="ref12451" refString="Chueca, L. J., Fores, M. &amp; Gomez-Moliner, B. J. 2013. Consideraciones nomenclaturales sobre las especies del genero AllognOthus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Helicidae) y estudio anatomico de AllognOthus hispOnicus tOnitiOnus. Iberus, 31 (1): 63 - 74." type="journal article" year="2013">
Chueca
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B29993BFA94FBC9FABD" box="[1065,1107,1285,1307]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
). However, such reading is incorrect: under the heading dedicated to the varieties of his new species, Rossmässler explicitly mentions one of them with scientific name: “
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299FF2FA17FC80FA3A" box="[736,794,1414,1436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">Ziegler</emphasis>
besitzt eine anders gefärbte und etwas kugeligere Form, welche er
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299E8BFA37FC65FA1A" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1904" box="[921,1023,1446,1468]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balearica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299E8BFA37FC65FA1A" box="[921,1023,1446,1468]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">H. balearica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nennt” [Ziegler has a differently colored and somewhat more spherical form, which he calls
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299E49FA76FC5AFA5B" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1904" box="[859,960,1511,1533]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balearica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299E49FA76FC5AFA5B" box="[859,960,1511,1533]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">H. balearica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]. This sentence, albeit bearing limited information, contains diagnostic traits, thus constituting the formal description of a taxon of subspecific rank:
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84E0B299E24F9D6FD58F9DC" authority="Rossmassler, 1838" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="hispanica" variety="balearica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299E24F9D6FC07F9FB" box="[822,925,1607,1629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">H. hispanica</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84E0B299ED9F9D6FB83F9FB" box="[971,1049,1607,1629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="172">balearica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84E0B29990FF9D4FD58F9DC" author="Rossmassler" firstAuthor="Rossmassler" pageId="4" pageNumber="172" refId="ref17013" refString="Rossmassler, E. A. 1838 - 1844. Iconographie der Land- und Susswas-" type="book" year="1838">Rossmässler, 1838</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936D2D84F0B289D9AFF0AFD82FD31" blockId="5.[113,625,155,1659]" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">
Rossmässler considered both
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289CB2FF0CFE74FF15" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1904" box="[416,494,157,179]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balearica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289CB2FF0CFE74FF15" box="[416,494,157,179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">balearica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289F0CFF0CFDF5FF15" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1838" box="[542,623,157,179]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hispanica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289F0CFF0CFDF5FF15" box="[542,623,157,179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">hispanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as belonging to the same (wide) species, selecting the latter name for the set. In fact, there are several species whose names are universally used even if they were described in the same work as synonymous:
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289F57FE8FFF48FEF2" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">Pupa frumentum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289DCDFEADFD9EFEF4" authority="Rossmassler, 1835" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1835" box="[223,516,316,340]" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" rank="variety" variety="illyrica">
var.
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289C1DFEAFFED0FEF2" box="[271,330,318,340]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">illyrica</emphasis>
Rossmässler, 1835
</taxonomicName>
(currently
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289D63FECFFE53FED2" authority="(Rossmassler, 1835))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Rossmassler" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[113,457,348,372]" class="Gastropoda" family="Chondrinidae" genus="Granaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="illyrica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289D63FECFFE9AFED2" box="[113,256,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">Granaria illyrica</emphasis>
(Rossmässler, 1835))
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289CC7FECFFDDEFED2" authorityName="S. Studer" authorityYear="1820" box="[469,580,350,372]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="foetens">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289CC7FECFFDDEFED2" box="[469,580,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">Helix foetens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289F5EFECCFEFEFE34" authority="Rossmassler, 1835" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1835" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" rank="variety" variety="achates">var. achates Rossmässler, 1835</taxonomicName>
(currently
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289CDFFEEEFEAAFE13" authority="(Rossmassler, 1835))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Rossmassler" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Chilostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="achates">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289CDFFEEEFDEAFE33" box="[461,624,383,405]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">Chilostoma achates</emphasis>
(Rossmässler, 1835))
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289C28FE0EFE81FE74" authority="Rossmassler, 1837" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1837" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="candidula" variety="muehlfeldtiana">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289C28FE0EFE25FE13" box="[314,447,415,437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">Helix candidula</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289CFDFE0EFDF5FE13" box="[495,623,415,437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">muehlfeldtiana</emphasis>
Rossmässler, 1837
</taxonomicName>
(currently
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289C99FE2EFEACFE55" authority="(Rossmassler, 1837))" baseAuthorityName="Rossmassler" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Gastropoda" family="Geomitridae" genus="Xerocrassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="muehlfeldtiana">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289C99FE2EFDF5FE73" box="[395,623,447,469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">Xerocrassa muehlfeldtiana</emphasis>
(Rossmässler, 1837))
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289C55FE4EFF61FDB5" authority="Rossmassler, 1836" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1836" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="setosa" variety="setigera">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289C55FE4EFE2BFE53" box="[327,433,479,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">Helix setosa</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289CFDFE4EFDA8FE53" box="[495,562,479,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">setigera</emphasis>
Rossmässler, 1836
</taxonomicName>
(currently
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289C6EFD91FE9BFD95" authority="(Rossmassler, 1836))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Rossmassler" baseAuthorityYear="1836" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helicigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="setigera">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289C6EFD91FDB2FDB0" box="[380,552,512,534]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">Helicigona setigera</emphasis>
(Rossmässler, 1836))
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289C1FFDB1FF06FDF5" authority="Rossmassler, 1838" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="villosa" variety="villosula">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289C1FFDB1FEECFD90" box="[269,374,544,566]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">Helix villosa</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289CB8FDB1FE6BFD90" box="[426,497,544,566]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">villosula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289CEBFD8CFF06FDF5" author="Rossmassler" firstAuthor="Rossmassler" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" refId="ref17013" refString="Rossmassler, E. A. 1838 - 1844. Iconographie der Land- und Susswas-" type="book" year="1838">Rossmässler, 1838</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(currently
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289C17FDD1FDEAFDF2" authority="(Rossmassler, 1838))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Rossmassler" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[261,624,574,598]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hygromiidae" genus="Trochulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="villosulus">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289C17FDD1FE35FDF0" box="[261,431,576,598]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">Trochulus villosulus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289CA8FDAFFDF8FDF2" author="Rossmassler" box="[442,610,574,596]" firstAuthor="Rossmassler" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" refId="ref17013" refString="Rossmassler, E. A. 1838 - 1844. Iconographie der Land- und Susswas-" type="book" year="1838">Rossmässler, 1838</bibRefCitation>
))
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289D8CFDF1FEADFDD0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[158,311,608,630]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arbustorum">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289D8CFDF1FEADFDD0" box="[158,311,608,630]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">Helix arbustorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forma
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289C96FDF1FDEAFDD2" authority="Rossmassler, 1835" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1835" baseAuthorityName="Rossmassler" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[388,624,606,630]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Arianta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stenzii">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289C96FDF1FE21FDD0" box="[388,443,608,630]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">stenzii</emphasis>
Rossmässler, 1835
</taxonomicName>
(currently
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289DC4FD10FD8EFD31" authority="(Rossmassler, 1835))" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1835" baseAuthorityName="Rossmassler" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[214,532,638,663]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Arianta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stenzii">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289DC4FD10FEC8FD31" box="[214,338,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">Arianta stenzii</emphasis>
(Rossmässler, 1835))
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936D2D84F0B289D9AFD0EFEFBFABE" blockId="5.[113,625,155,1659]" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">
A further quirk of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289C52FD30FE5EFD11" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1838" box="[320,452,673,695]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hispanica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289C52FD30FE5EFD11" box="[320,452,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">Helix hispanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the suggestion by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289D9DFD2EFE93FD73" author="Graells, M. P." box="[143,265,703,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" refId="ref14580" refString="Graells, M. P. 1846. Catalogo de los moluscos terrestres y de agua dulce observados en Espana, y descripcion y notas de algunas especies nuevas o poco conocidas del mismo pais. vi [+ i] + 23 [+ 2] pp., lam. [1]. Calleja. Madrid y Lima." type="journal volume" year="1846">Graells (1846</bibRefCitation>
, footnote), that this name could be in conflict with
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289DFDFD70FE43FD53" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[239,473,735,759]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hispana">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289DFDFD70FED3FD51" box="[239,329,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">H. hispana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289C5DFD4EFE43FD53" author="Linnaeus" box="[335,473,735,757]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" refId="ref15243" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(p. 772: Vermes Testacea number 599; also in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289C9BFD6EFE6DFCB3" author="Linne" box="[393,503,767,789]" firstAuthor="Linne" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" refId="ref15301" refString="Linne, C. 1767. Systema naturae, Tom. I. Pars II. Editio duodecima refor-" type="book" year="1767">Linné, 1767</bibRefCitation>
). Unfortunately, nobody seems to have clarified what this Linnean species might be. At any rate, the words
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289F10FCD3FDDFFCFE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[514,581,834,856]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hispana">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289F10FCD3FDDFFCFE" box="[514,581,834,856]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">hispana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289D63FCF3FF58FCDE" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1838" box="[113,194,866,888]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hispanica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289D63FCF3FF58FCDE" box="[113,194,866,888]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">hispanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not strictly equivalent (although undesirably similar: Recommendation 58 A of the Code), so the problem does not exist. However,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289CECFC31FF30FC7F" author="Rossmassler, E. A." pageId="5" pageNumber="173" refId="ref17683" refString="Rossmassler, E. A. 1854. Iconographie der Land- und Susswasser-Mollusken Europa's, mit vorzuglicher Berucksichtigung kritischer und noch nicht abgebildeter Arten. III. Band. 13 / 14: viii + 1 - 39, 15 / 16: viii + 41 - 77 + [1], 17 / 18: viii + 81 - 140, Taf. 61 - 90. H. Costenoble. Leipzig." type="book" year="1854">Rossmässler (1854)</bibRefCitation>
accepted Graells suggestion, not without bitterly complaining, and thus recovered the name he had already given to a variety: he proposed
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289F19FB92FDEAFBBF" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1904" box="[523,624,1027,1049]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balearica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289F19FB92FDEAFBBF" box="[523,624,1027,1049]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">H. balearica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the valid species name. In terms of nomenclature, this just meant raising
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289C72FBD5FE34FBFC" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1904" box="[352,430,1092,1114]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balearica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289C72FBD5FE34FBFC" box="[352,430,1092,1114]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">balearica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to species rank in order to avoid a supposed homonymy; for taxonomy, a chimaera was made even more bizarre, with the
<typeStatus id="548D8870D84F0B289D63FB32FF00FB1E" box="[113,154,1187,1208]" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">type</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289DE6FB35FEC6FB1C" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1838" box="[244,348,1188,1210]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hispanica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289DE6FB35FEC6FB1C" box="[244,348,1188,1210]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">H. hispanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
now representing a different taxon. Although nobody dismissed this change, it was unjustified and clearly is in conflict with the original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289DEAFA94FEC6FABD" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1904" box="[248,348,1285,1307]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balearica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289DEAFA94FEC6FABD" box="[248,348,1285,1307]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">H. balearica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936D2D84F0B289D9AFAB2FF77F9BD" blockId="5.[113,625,155,1659]" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">
For over 150 years almost everybody followed
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289D63FAD2FEB9FAFA" author="Rossmassler, E. A." box="[113,291,1347,1372]" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" refId="ref17683" refString="Rossmassler, E. A. 1854. Iconographie der Land- und Susswasser-Mollusken Europa's, mit vorzuglicher Berucksichtigung kritischer und noch nicht abgebildeter Arten. III. Band. 13 / 14: viii + 1 - 39, 15 / 16: viii + 41 - 77 + [1], 17 / 18: viii + 81 - 140, Taf. 61 - 90. H. Costenoble. Leipzig." type="book" year="1854">Rossmässler (1854)</bibRefCitation>
in calling the “caragol de serp” as
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289D63FAF7FF25FADA" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1904" box="[113,191,1382,1404]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balearica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289D63FAF7FF25FADA" box="[113,191,1382,1404]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">balearica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Until the erroneous interpretation of original sources by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289DF5FA15FE0AFA3C" author="Beckmann, K. H." box="[231,400,1412,1434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" refId="ref11421" refString="Beckmann, K. H. 2007. Die land- uns Susswassermollusken der Balearischen Inseln. 255 pp. Conchbooks. Hackenheim." type="book" year="2007">Beckmann (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, leading to the novel proposal by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289DF1FA35FE2DFA1C" author="Welter-Schultes, F. W." box="[227,439,1444,1466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" refId="ref18638" refString="Welter-Schultes, F. W. 2012. European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification. A 1 - A 3 + 679 pp. + Q 1 - Q 78. Planet Poster Editions. Gottingen." type="book" year="2012">Welter-Schultes (2012)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289CADFA35FDF6FA1F" author="Chueca, L. J. &amp; Fores, M. &amp; Gomez-Moliner, B. J." box="[447,620,1444,1466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" pagination="63 - 74" refId="ref12451" refString="Chueca, L. J., Fores, M. &amp; Gomez-Moliner, B. J. 2013. Consideraciones nomenclaturales sobre las especies del genero AllognOthus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Helicidae) y estudio anatomico de AllognOthus hispOnicus tOnitiOnus. Iberus, 31 (1): 63 - 74." type="journal article" year="2013">Chueca et al. (2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289D63FA56FF07FA7B" author="Chueca, L. J. &amp; Madeira, M. J." box="[113,157,1479,1501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" pagination="1845 - 1857" refId="ref12505" refString="Chueca, L. J., Madeira, M. J. &amp; Gomez-Moliner B. J. 2015. Biogeography of the land snail genus AllognOthus (Helicidae): middle Miocene colonization of the Balearic Islands. Journal of Biogeography, 42, 1845 - 1857." type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289DC7FA55FE10FA7C" author="Neiber" box="[213,394,1476,1498]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Neiber" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" refId="ref15909" refString="Neiber, M. T., Checa, L. J., Caro, A., Teixeira, D., Schlegel, K. A., Gomez-Moliner, B., Walter, F., Glaubrecht, M. &amp; Hausdorf, B. 2021." type="book" year="2021">Neiber et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
to use the combination
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289D63FA76FE43FA5D" authority="(Rossmassler, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Rossmassler" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[113,473,1508,1533]" class="Gastropoda" family="Endodontidae" genus="Iberellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hispanicus">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289D63FA76FE80FA5B" box="[113,282,1511,1533]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">Iberellus hispanicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289C35FA75FE49FA5D" author="Rossmassler" box="[295,467,1508,1531]" firstAuthor="Rossmassler" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" refId="ref17013" refString="Rossmassler, E. A. 1838 - 1844. Iconographie der Land- und Susswas-" type="book" year="1838">Rossmässler, 1838</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Such a name is inadmissible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936D2D84F0B289D9AF9B4FC72FC93" blockId="5.[113,625,155,1659]" lastBlockId="5.[661,1173,154,1176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">
Having a keen eye for detecting differences in shell shapes, Bourguignat (in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289C72F9D4FE70F9FD" author="Pechaud" box="[352,490,1605,1627]" firstAuthor="Pechaud" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" refId="ref16360" refString="Pechaud, J. 1883. Excursions malacologiques dans le Nord de l'Afrique. De la Calle a Alger, d'Alger a Tanger. Nº 1. 112 pp. J. Tremblay." type="book" year="1883">Pechaud, 1883</bibRefCitation>
) was right — albeit at odds with his contemporaries— in claiming that the specimen figured initially as
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B28991CFF0CFB09FF15" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1838" box="[1038,1171,157,179]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hispanica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B28991CFF0CFB09FF15" box="[1038,1171,157,179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">Helix hispanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and later called
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289E28FF2CFC3EFF75" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1904" box="[826,932,189,211]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balearica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289E28FF2CFC3EFF75" box="[826,932,189,211]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">H. balearica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Rossmässler did not agree with any of the specimens he had received from the mountains of Mallorca. He thus described three new species:
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289E04FE8FFC78FE97" authority="Bourguignat" authorityName="Bourguignat" box="[790,994,283,308]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ramisi">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289E04FE8FFCFDFE92" box="[790,871,286,308]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">H. ramisi</emphasis>
Bourguignat
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289915FE8AFB0AFE96" author="Pechaud" box="[1031,1168,283,305]" firstAuthor="Pechaud" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" refId="ref16360" refString="Pechaud, J. 1883. Excursions malacologiques dans le Nord de l'Afrique. De la Calle a Alger, d'Alger a Tanger. Nº 1. 112 pp. J. Tremblay." type="book" year="1883">Pechaud, 1883</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289F87FEAFFC04FEF7" authority="Bourguignat" authorityName="Bourguignat" box="[661,926,315,340]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="valdemusana">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289F87FEAFFCBAFEF2" box="[661,800,318,340]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">H. valdemusana</emphasis>
Bourguignat
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289ED6FEAAFBD6FEF7" author="Pechaud" box="[964,1100,315,337]" firstAuthor="Pechaud" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" refId="ref16360" refString="Pechaud, J. 1883. Excursions malacologiques dans le Nord de l'Afrique. De la Calle a Alger, d'Alger a Tanger. Nº 1. 112 pp. J. Tremblay." type="book" year="1883">Pechaud, 1883</bibRefCitation>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289993FEAFFCCAFED4" authority="Bourguignat" authorityName="Bourguignat" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eustapa">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289993FEAFFD4DFED2" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">H. eustapa</emphasis>
Bourguignat
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289E7FFECDFC69FED7" author="Pechaud" box="[877,1011,348,370]" firstAuthor="Pechaud" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" refId="ref16360" refString="Pechaud, J. 1883. Excursions malacologiques dans le Nord de l'Afrique. De la Calle a Alger, d'Alger a Tanger. Nº 1. 112 pp. J. Tremblay." type="book" year="1883">Pechaud, 1883</bibRefCitation>
. I have examined the
<typeStatus id="548D8870D84F0B289FAEFEEDFD74FE37" box="[700,750,380,401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">types</typeStatus>
in the Bourguignat collection at MHNG and it is clear they all come from the southern part of the Serra de Tramuntana range. They represent individual variations of the same species, which grows slightly larger at higher elevation, although there is considerable variability in size even within microhabitats. It is likely they were all collected at the same locality, in the vicinity of the mountain village called Valldemossa (hence the fictitiously Latinized demonym
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289F87FD31FC9FFD10" box="[661,773,672,694]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="valdemusana">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289F87FD31FC9FFD10" box="[661,773,672,694]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">valdemusana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The three are subjective junior synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289FBDFD50FC8FFD71" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1904" box="[687,789,705,727]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balearica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289FBDFD50FC8FFD71" box="[687,789,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">H. balearica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its original sense. Nobody appears to have ever used these three of Bourguignats names, his correct assessment being lost amidst a pleiad of confusing or superfluous nominal species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936D2D84F0B289FBEFCAEFD54FB3E" blockId="5.[661,1173,154,1176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">
Attending to its description (as well as its origin indicated as adjective),
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289E6EFCF3FC50FCDE" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1904" box="[892,970,866,888]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balearica">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289E6EFCF3FC50FCDE" box="[892,970,866,888]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">balearica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fits perfectly to the “caragol de serp” living in the southern part of the Serra de Tramuntana. The taxon living in the northern part of this mountain range is anatomically distinct, clearly more discoidal and often strongly depressed; it has recently been described as
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289919FB92FCEBFB90" authority="Altaba, 2022" authorityName="Altaba" authorityYear="2022" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Tramuntanicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="culminalis">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289919FB92FD77FB9F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">Tramuntanicola culminalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289FE5FBB0FCEBFB90" author="Altaba, C. R." box="[759,881,1057,1079]" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" pagination="29 - 39" refId="ref10917" refString="Altaba, C. R. 2022. On the rocks, twice as better: an overseen land snail genus from the mountains of Mallorca (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Helicidae). Folia Conchyliologica, 65: 29 - 39." type="journal article" year="2022">Altaba, 2022</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. In order to prevent further arbitrary changes, a
<typeStatus id="548D8870D84F0B289E4AFBD0FC3EFBF0" box="[856,932,1089,1110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
has also been designated for
<taxonomicName id="4C364D51D84F0B289FABFBF5FCC5FBDC" baseAuthorityName="Rossmassler" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[697,863,1124,1146]" class="Gastropoda" family="Endodontidae" genus="Iberellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balearicus">
<emphasis id="B942EAC0D84F0B289FABFBF5FCC5FBDC" box="[697,863,1124,1146]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="173">Iberellus balearicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from near Valldemossa (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B23D84F0B289940FBF0FD59FB3E" author="Altaba, C. R." pageId="5" pageNumber="173" pagination="29 - 39" refId="ref10917" refString="Altaba, C. R. 2022. On the rocks, twice as better: an overseen land snail genus from the mountains of Mallorca (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Helicidae). Folia Conchyliologica, 65: 29 - 39." type="journal article" year="2022">Altaba, 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>